EP0108519A2 - Procédé et dispositif pour fracturer la roche - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour fracturer la roche Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0108519A2
EP0108519A2 EP83306141A EP83306141A EP0108519A2 EP 0108519 A2 EP0108519 A2 EP 0108519A2 EP 83306141 A EP83306141 A EP 83306141A EP 83306141 A EP83306141 A EP 83306141A EP 0108519 A2 EP0108519 A2 EP 0108519A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hole
rock
liquid
disc
injection
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP83306141A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0108519A3 (fr
Inventor
Thomas A. O'hanlon
Jack Kolle
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Flow Industries Inc
Original Assignee
Flow Industries Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Flow Industries Inc filed Critical Flow Industries Inc
Publication of EP0108519A2 publication Critical patent/EP0108519A2/fr
Publication of EP0108519A3 publication Critical patent/EP0108519A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C37/00—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading
    • E21C37/06—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by making use of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure in a borehole
    • E21C37/12—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by making use of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure in a borehole by injecting into the borehole a liquid, either initially at high pressure or subsequently subjected to high pressure, e.g. by pulses, by explosive cartridges acting on the liquid

Definitions

  • This invention pertains to fracturing rock, particularly to the fracturing of rock from a headwall as in tunnelling, and with greater particularity to the fracturing of rock from a headwall without the use of chemical explosives.
  • Conventional mining and tunnelling is usually accomplished by first drilling a number of holes in the rock face to be tunnelled into.
  • the holes may or may not be drilled according to a predetermined pattern.
  • Chemical explosives are then placed in the holes and detonated in a predetermined or random manner dependent upon application. When the explosives detonate, the rock is shattered. The shattered rock is then removed and the operation repeated.
  • the safety and pollution disadvantages of this method are well known. These disadvantages have led to the proposal to use mechanical mining means.
  • Known machines include shield machines and mechanical boring devices. To date, however., such devices have not been successfully used in many circumstances due to their high cost.
  • the method uses no explosives or dangerous chemicals.
  • the method comprises the steps of first drilling a hole by water jet or convenional means. A slot is then cut from the hole. The slot removes an approximately disc shaped section of rock. The slot is then rapidly pressurized in a semi-explosive manner from a reservoir of pressurized liquid. The result is 'an outward force on the rock of several tens of thousands of kilograms. The resulting force is sufficient to fracture the rock to the surface of the rock face. The fractured section will then either fall of its own accord, or may be easily removed.
  • Apparatus of the invention includes a rock drilling device that may be modified to include a hole slotting tool.
  • the apparatus further includes means for pressurizing the slotted hole in a short time.
  • the apparatus includes safety systems to prevent possibility of harm to an operator.
  • the method of the invention may also be used to split rock already quarried.
  • a hole is first drilled into the rock to be split.
  • a slot is next cut from the hole in the direction in which the split is required.
  • the hole and the slot are then pressurized suddenly with a high pressure liquid to initiate cracking 'along the slot.
  • the rock is thus split by the quick pressurization.
  • a hole is drilled 1 into the rock sought to be fractured.
  • the drilling may be accomplished by a conventional rock drill, that is electrically, hydraulically, or pneumatically powered.
  • the hole may be made by a water jet drill.
  • the depth of the hole drilled is dependent upon the application and the crack characteristic required.
  • a typical hole diameter is from 15.87 to 44.45 mm.
  • Hole depths of from 23 to 122 cms. have been successfully used.
  • a disc is cut 2 near the bottom of the drilled hole. The disc may be perpendicular to the hole, or at an angle to the hole ranging from 30 to 150°, producing a forward or reverse disc cavity.
  • the disc may be cut by a tool intended for the purpose such as a rotatable high pressure water jet, or the drill itself if it is a water jet drill as referred to above.
  • the disc may be cut with a mechanical cutter.
  • the purpose of the disc is to create a stress riser or notch condition to aid initiation of cracking and to control the initial direction of cracking. By selection of the angle of the disc, the direction of cracking initiation can be controlled. If the disc is placed in an unconfined rock of a diameter measured in the plane of the disc equal to less than four times the depth of the drilled hole, a crack will propagate in the plane of the disc until it reaches a free surface normal to the plane of the disc at a diameter of about 8 times the hole depth.
  • the crack will propagate in the plane of the disc for a radial distance approximately equal to the depth of the drilled hole, then curve to the free rock -face.
  • the disc should be cut as close as possible to the end of the hole. If the disc is not close to the end of the hole, crack initiation can begin at the hole end which will interfere with the desired crack geometry.
  • the disc cut can vary in diameter from relatively small, i.e. from 190 mm. to several cms. The large diameter disc takes longer to cut, but allows greater concentration of stress.
  • the hole Once the hole has been made disc-shaped, it is pressurized 3 to initiate cracking. It has been found desirable to pressurize the hole at a rapid rate. Pressurization is accomplished by rapid injection of a liquid, for example water, into the disc. Sufficient liquid must be injected to both fill the hole and the resulting crack. If the liquid is not injected fast enough, the initial liquid will be absorbed into the pores of a porous rock such as sandstone. If the liquid is absorbed, there will not be a sufficient force gradient at the disc to initiate cracking. Prior proposals have not recognized this factor and have been tested in non-porous materials in which the absorbtion is not observed.
  • a liquid for example water
  • One method is to pressurize a hydraulic accumulator having sufficient liquid capacity and filled with a gas, for example nitrogen. This produces a source of high pressure liquid of sufficient volume and flow.rate.
  • a tube is then connected to the accumulator with a quick opening valve and sealed to the hole with a quick setting cement or grout.
  • the result is analogous to ignition of a low explosive, such as black powder, in the disc portion of the hole.
  • a low explosive such as black powder
  • Such an explosion initiates cracking rather than shattering (as compared with a high explosive such as nitroglycerine). This is commonly called a heaving action.
  • Further injection of liquid continues the cracking until the crack reaches a free surface causing loss of pressure.
  • the liquid can also be injected by a special packer tool to eliminate the time required for the grout to harden. The injection point from the packer must be close to the disc to minimize the possibility of crack propagation from the hole.
  • the result will be a cone-shaped fragment of rock cracked away from the'face.
  • the fragment will not fall free from the face, but can be easily detached by inserting a small chisel into the crack. This allows easy removal 4 of the fragment.
  • the method is then continued to drill a tunnel.
  • the drilled hole may be slotted 5.
  • Slotting can create two slots perpendicular and coplanar to the hole. The slotting may be accomplished by use of a water jet cutter being moved through the hole, or a mechanical slotting device. When the slot is pressurized 3, as described above, cracking is initiated in the plane of the slots. Such a crack will extend until it encounters a free face. This slotting method allows fracture of detached boulders. This cracking can be used on a face alone or in combination with the disc hole method to allow detachment of large blocks and establishment of a tunnel perimeter.
  • a hydraulic intensifier water pump 11 powers the apparatus of the invention.
  • Pump 11 may be an intensifier of the type commonly used for water jet cutting.
  • a selector valve 12 is connected to the output of pump 11.
  • a water jet disc tool 13 is connected to one output of valve 12.
  • Tool 13 may be a tool designed exclusively for cutting disc holes.
  • the other output of selector valve 12 is connected to a gas/water accumulator 14.
  • Accumulator 14 may be any accumulator having sufficient pressure and volume capabilities with a bladder type N 2 accumulator having a capacity of 4.5 litres charged to 210 kg cm 2 being used in initial tests.
  • the inlet of a rapid opening valve 16 is connected to accumulator 14.
  • a rapid opening ball type valve with piezo electric monitoring capability was used in initial tests.
  • the outlet of valve 16 is connected to a packer 17 inserted into a hole 18 having a cut disc 19.
  • pump 11 is started and selector valve 12 adjusted to provide high pressure water to tool 13.
  • a hole is then drilled into the rock face 21.
  • the hole is then made disc-shaped by tool 13, creating a disc 19 at the end of hole 18.
  • Selector valve 12 is then adjusted to pump up accumulator 14.
  • Packer 17 is inserted into hole 18.
  • Valve 16 is opened causing liquid to flow rapidly through packer 17 and pressurize disc 19 causing formation of a crack 22 running to rock face 21.
  • a chisel is inserted into crack 22 allowing removal of the cone-shaped block 23 from the remainder of the rock 24.
  • a packer is shown inserted into a disc hole.
  • a supply tube 31 has a connector 32 for attachment to a supply of high pressure liquid.
  • Supply tube 31 includes a tapered end 33 opposite connector 32.
  • External threads 34 are provided on the surface of supply tube 31 adjacent to connector 32.
  • An anchor tube 36 having an internally threaded section 37 is threadedly connected to supply tube 31.
  • Two anchors 38, 39 are pivotally connected to the end of tube 36 opposite threaded section 37 by a pin 41. Anchors 38 and 39 are retained in position by a spring 42 connected between them.
  • a slot 43 is provided in anchor tube 36.
  • the packer is shown inserted into a hole 44 with a slot 46 and a step 47. Slot 46 and step 47 may be cut with a water jet or a mechanical cutter.
  • the packer In operation the packer is inserted into hole 44 and anchor tube 37 rotated relative to supply tube 31. This causes a bevelled surface 33 of supply tube 31 to contact and force apart anchors 38 and 39 which catch on step 47.
  • Supply tube 31 is pressurized through connector 32 to crack the rock from slot 46.
  • the diameter of anchor tube 36 is chosen to match that of hole 44 sufficiently closely so that it almost seals it, due to the relatively great length of hole 44 and the small clearance between tube 36 and hole 44.
  • the cross sectional area of the clearance between hole 44 and tube 36 must be less than the cross sectional area of the interior of supply tube 32 to enable disc 46 to be rapidly pressurized to initiate cracking before substantial leakage has occurred.
  • Anchors 38, 39 are necessitated by the outward force exerted upon the packer when hole 44 is pressurized and prevents it from being blown out of hole 44.
  • tube 36 is again rotated relative to supply tube 31 allowing spring 42 to retract anchors 38, 39 so that the packer may easily be withdrawn from hole 44.
  • a second packer includes an alloy steel supply tube 51 having a connector 52 for attachment to a supply of high pressure liquid at one end and a section of tapered threads 53 at the other end.
  • a short alloy steel tube 54 which can be formed into three pieces has a tapered threaded section 56 and is threadedly attached to tube 51. Three slots 57 are thus formed out of tube 54 and additionally grooves 58 are cut into the outer surface of tube 54.
  • a seal 59 is threadedly attached to supply tube 51 and slidably connected to tube 54.
  • Supply tube 51 is inserted into a drilled hole and rotated relative to tube 54. This causes the sections of tube 54 to expand and expand seal 59 outward into contact with the hole surface.
  • the packer can then be pressurized through connector 52.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
  • Adornments (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Clay, And Manufacture Of Mixtures Containing Clay Or Cement (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
EP83306141A 1982-10-12 1983-10-11 Procédé et dispositif pour fracturer la roche Withdrawn EP0108519A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US43377282A 1982-10-12 1982-10-12
US433772 1982-10-12

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0108519A2 true EP0108519A2 (fr) 1984-05-16
EP0108519A3 EP0108519A3 (fr) 1985-12-04

Family

ID=23721479

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83306141A Withdrawn EP0108519A3 (fr) 1982-10-12 1983-10-11 Procédé et dispositif pour fracturer la roche

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0108519A3 (fr)
JP (1) JPS59130999A (fr)
AU (1) AU1997583A (fr)
NO (1) NO833683L (fr)
ZA (1) ZA837482B (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU720498B2 (en) * 1998-03-02 2000-06-01 Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation Hydraulic fracturing of ore bodies
US6123394A (en) * 1998-03-02 2000-09-26 Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation Hydraulic fracturing of ore bodies
US6145933A (en) * 1995-08-07 2000-11-14 Rocktek Limited Method for removing hard rock and concrete by the combination use of impact hammers and small charge blasting
US6148730A (en) * 1995-08-04 2000-11-21 Rocktek Limited Method and apparatus for controlled small-charge blasting by pressurization of the bottom of a drill hole
US6339992B1 (en) 1999-03-11 2002-01-22 Rocktek Limited Small charge blasting apparatus including device for sealing pressurized fluids in holes
CN116255124A (zh) * 2023-03-03 2023-06-13 平顶山天安煤业股份有限公司 一种co2自动错位致裂的煤层增透装置及瓦斯强化抽采方法

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AUPQ591000A0 (en) 2000-02-29 2000-03-23 Rockmin Pty Ltd Cartridge shell and cartridge for blast holes and method of use
CN103883303A (zh) * 2014-04-23 2014-06-25 重庆市能源投资集团科技有限责任公司 一种煤矿井下定向喷射压裂开采煤层气的方法

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB897879A (en) * 1959-05-28 1962-05-30 Hugh Wood And Company Ltd Improvements relating to the getting of coal or other materials naturally occurring in the form of a solid mass
GB1033062A (en) * 1962-01-26 1966-06-15 Hedwig Beukenberg Improvements in and relating to apparatus for blasting minerals by the use of water and air under pressure
US3507540A (en) * 1968-04-05 1970-04-21 Pan American Petroleum Corp Method and apparatus for cutting large diameter bore holes
US4047580A (en) * 1974-09-30 1977-09-13 Chemical Grout Company, Ltd. High-velocity jet digging method
US4050529A (en) * 1976-03-25 1977-09-27 Kurban Magomedovich Tagirov Apparatus for treating rock surrounding a wellbore
US4394051A (en) * 1981-06-03 1983-07-19 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Interior Method of hydrospalling

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB897879A (en) * 1959-05-28 1962-05-30 Hugh Wood And Company Ltd Improvements relating to the getting of coal or other materials naturally occurring in the form of a solid mass
GB1033062A (en) * 1962-01-26 1966-06-15 Hedwig Beukenberg Improvements in and relating to apparatus for blasting minerals by the use of water and air under pressure
US3507540A (en) * 1968-04-05 1970-04-21 Pan American Petroleum Corp Method and apparatus for cutting large diameter bore holes
US4047580A (en) * 1974-09-30 1977-09-13 Chemical Grout Company, Ltd. High-velocity jet digging method
US4050529A (en) * 1976-03-25 1977-09-27 Kurban Magomedovich Tagirov Apparatus for treating rock surrounding a wellbore
US4394051A (en) * 1981-06-03 1983-07-19 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Interior Method of hydrospalling

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6148730A (en) * 1995-08-04 2000-11-21 Rocktek Limited Method and apparatus for controlled small-charge blasting by pressurization of the bottom of a drill hole
US6435096B1 (en) 1995-08-04 2002-08-20 Rocktek Limited Method and apparatus for controlled small-charge blasting by decoupled explosive
US6145933A (en) * 1995-08-07 2000-11-14 Rocktek Limited Method for removing hard rock and concrete by the combination use of impact hammers and small charge blasting
AU720498B2 (en) * 1998-03-02 2000-06-01 Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation Hydraulic fracturing of ore bodies
US6123394A (en) * 1998-03-02 2000-09-26 Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation Hydraulic fracturing of ore bodies
US6339992B1 (en) 1999-03-11 2002-01-22 Rocktek Limited Small charge blasting apparatus including device for sealing pressurized fluids in holes
CN116255124A (zh) * 2023-03-03 2023-06-13 平顶山天安煤业股份有限公司 一种co2自动错位致裂的煤层增透装置及瓦斯强化抽采方法
CN116255124B (zh) * 2023-03-03 2024-03-12 平顶山天安煤业股份有限公司 一种co2自动错位致裂的煤层增透装置及瓦斯强化抽采方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ZA837482B (en) 1985-02-27
NO833683L (no) 1984-04-13
AU1997583A (en) 1984-04-19
EP0108519A3 (fr) 1985-12-04
JPS59130999A (ja) 1984-07-27

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Inventor name: O'HANLON, THOMAS A.