EP0106144B1 - Matériau ignifuge et son emploi - Google Patents

Matériau ignifuge et son emploi Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0106144B1
EP0106144B1 EP83108941A EP83108941A EP0106144B1 EP 0106144 B1 EP0106144 B1 EP 0106144B1 EP 83108941 A EP83108941 A EP 83108941A EP 83108941 A EP83108941 A EP 83108941A EP 0106144 B1 EP0106144 B1 EP 0106144B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fire protection
openings
fire
protection material
supporting material
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP83108941A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0106144A3 (en
EP0106144A2 (fr
Inventor
Paul Radovic
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
American Vamag Co Inc
Original Assignee
American Vamag Co Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19823234021 external-priority patent/DE3234021A1/de
Application filed by American Vamag Co Inc filed Critical American Vamag Co Inc
Priority to AT83108941T priority Critical patent/ATE23893T1/de
Publication of EP0106144A2 publication Critical patent/EP0106144A2/fr
Publication of EP0106144A3 publication Critical patent/EP0106144A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0106144B1 publication Critical patent/EP0106144B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/92—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
    • E04B1/94—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers against fire
    • E04B1/941—Building elements specially adapted therefor
    • E04B1/942—Building elements specially adapted therefor slab-shaped

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fire protection material comprising
  • the invention furthermore, relates to a process for protecting objects from the effects of fire, a construction for fire protection, as well as the use of the fire protection material for protecting objects from the effects of fire.
  • Certain fire protection materials are used in order to protect objects which are to be protected in the event of a fire against destruction by heat or fire for a certain period of time.
  • the respective regulations partly described by law, require fire protection or prevention in the sense of different durations, the need existing for a fire preventing effect which lasts as long as possible.
  • the period of time was 10 or 20 minutes assuming tests under ASTM Standards E119 or equivalent international standard.
  • a flame-resistant composition comprising a non-flammable fibrous material, silica as a filler and a solution of aluminium phosphate in orthophosphoric acid as a binder.
  • the latter is directed to a non-combustible or fireproof acoustical correction product which it is believed has all the desired properties of the various fireproof acoustical products on the market.
  • Some of such products are comprised of several separate parts, such as a metal pan, a fiber pad to be inserted therein, and spacers. These components, separately, are quite bulky and for use involve their assembly on the job.
  • Fireproof felted mineral fiber products bonded with starch or protein or like binder are relatively heavy and rather fragile and are subject to marring and breakage in shipment to the extent that the packaging for such is quite costly.
  • Such product which are quite light in weight. These are comprised of an air-laid glass fiber batt in which the fibers are bonded at least to a degree, at fiber to fiber contact points with a small amount of resin binder.
  • Such product while quite light in weight, is fragile due to having so little body. They have relatively little rigidity, are bulky, and are readily damaged in transit and during installation.
  • the present invention is based on the task of finding a fire protection material for objects which is greatly superior to the fire protection or fire prevention obtained through known fire prevention lattices, and can be manufactured and installed in a simple manner.
  • the object of the present invention is a fire protection material comprising
  • the supporting material (calculated without the through-openings) has a density of 0.03 to 1 g/cc.
  • the supporting material is an open-pored material, as defined below. Glazed material offering good surface adhesion would also be acceptable.
  • the fire protection material of the invention is preferably a single layer.
  • an object of the present invention to provide a process for the protection of objects against the effects of fire by enveloping the objects, wherein at least 10% of the enveloping material consists of the fire protection material described above.
  • the invention also relates to a construction for protecting objects against fires, comprising an enveloping material arranged at a distance from the object to be protected against fire, wherein at least 10% of this enveloping material constitutes the fire protection material described above.
  • the invention relates to the use of the above-defined fire protection material for the protection of objects, especially electrical cables and/or lines against the effects of fire.
  • the inventive fire protection material differs from the known fire protection materials essentially in respect to the following properties:
  • the supporting material comprises a non-metallic, inorganic, non-combustible, heat-stable, open-pored material.
  • intumescent materials have typically been applied to metals or to combustible materials.
  • the expression "open-pored” means that such supporting material is able to absorb fluids in a particular amount.
  • such supporting material has pores and spaces over the whole of its extent, which, in accordance with the invention, become closed by the intumescent material under the effect of heat and thus ensures a continuous low thermal conductivity.
  • Open-pored material which is glazed and permits surface adhesion of the fire protection coating may be suitable as the supporting material.
  • glazing is understood to include surface treatment or coating.
  • the supporting material may be open-pored, the material is also solid, in the sense of not having a continuous void between the outer surfaces, (i.e., not “hollow”).
  • the term “inorganic” is used herein as not excluding minor amounts of organic binders.
  • the supporting material is coated with a fire protection material, which in case of excessive heat forms an insulating layer.
  • fire protection material materials are used which are known in this technical field and will be exemplified in greater detail at a later time. It is a question of impregnating compounds or materials. Coating is accomplished appropriately by impregnating or soaking; however, it can be carried out in any suitable manner, which ensures complete coating (for example, immersing, spraying, brushing on and the like).
  • the supporting material When the supporting material is open-pored, it is guaranteed that a sufficient amount of fire protection material is applied per unit area since the liquid fire protection material can penetrate into the open-pored supporting material. It is particularly important that the surfaces of the through-openings are also coated with fire protection material; this applies particularly for the through-openings with a relatively large cross sectional opening. The amount of fire protection composition must be such over the whole of the surface of the through-openings that, in the event of a fire, the through-openings are completely filled with the foam.
  • the supporting material is relatively thick.
  • the thickness is preferably at least about 10 mm, while a thickness of at least about 15 mm is especially preferred.
  • the upper limit for the thickness is determined by the fire prevention effect desired and by the weight which can be tolerated or by the thickness of fire protection material which can be tolerated.
  • the thickness of the supporting material does not exceed about 80 mm, preferably not above 50 mm and most preferably not above 35 mm.
  • the through-openings have a cross-sectional opening, which permits satisfactory ventilation under normal conditions.
  • the cross sectional openings of the individual through-openings are advisably in each case at least about 2 mm 2 , in particular at least about 5 mm 2 , preferably at least about 10 mm 2 and most preferably at least about 20 mm 2 in size.
  • the upper limit to the cross sectional openings is determined by the fact that, in the event of a fire, these openings must be closed off completely by the fire protection material foaming up. It is, therefore, in general about 100 mm 2 , advisably about 80 mm 2 , preferably about 60 mm 2 and most preferably about 40 mm 2 .
  • the total cross sectional area of the through-openings is large enough so that adequate ventilation is assured under normal conditions. By these means, . adequate heat dissipation of dammed-up heat is assured.
  • through-openings it is meant openings which extend from one surface of the supporting material clear through to the opposite surface.
  • the total cross sectional area of the through-openings therefore, is in general at least about 2%, advisably at least about 3%, preferably at least about 4% and most preferably at least about 5% of the total surface area of the fire protection material.
  • the upper limit for the total cross sectional area of the through-openings in general is about 30%, advisably about 20%, preferably about 15% and most preferably about 10%.
  • the density of the supporting material calculated without the volume of the through-openings, that is, before the through-openings are produced, preferably is relatively low. Advisably, it is at least about 0.03 g/ccm, preferably at least about 0.05 g/cc and most preferably at least about 0.1 g/cc.
  • the upper limit advisably is about 1 g/cc and most preferably about 0.9 g/cc.
  • a fire protection effect can be achieved with the inventive fire protection material, which previously was regarded as impossible.
  • the fire protection effect can be measured, for example, according to the international standard ISO No. 834 or according to the American standard ASTM E 119 or according to the German standard DIN 4102. According to all of these standards, the temperature curves for the combustion chamber are similar in these tests.
  • the inventive fire protection material has a fire protection effect of more than 45 minutes and fire protection effects of more than 1 hour and even 3 hours are achievable. Fire protection effects such as these were previously considered to be impossible for fire protection materials which permit the circulation of air. It is, of course, to be expected that a massive material of sufficient thickness will make an adequate fire protection effect possible.
  • the supporting material comprises non-metallic, non-combustible, inorganic, heat-stable and open-pored ceramic material.
  • the supporting material may also be a flexible material or a material which can be rolled up, whose external appearance is similar to that of a (wool) blanket.
  • the fibers of such a flexible supporting material are, of course, formed from inorganic, heat-stable material. Examples of this are mineral wool, for example, rock wool with a sufficiently high melting point, fibrous aluminium silicates or other ceramic materials, plaster fibers, glass fibers with a sufficiently high melting point, and the like.
  • the supporting material can, therefore, be rigid or flexible. It is essential, however, that the supporting material has the through-openings, defined in detail above.
  • Such materials are commercially available, for example the panels sold under the registered trademark of Kaowool or the blankets of Babcock & Wilcox or the products of the Carborundum Company, sold under the registered trademark of Fiberfrax.
  • Rock wool panels or blankets are sold under the registered trademark of Rockwool or lsover.
  • the through-openings can be produced mechanically in any manner desirable. For example, it is possible to produce the through-openings by drilling. The shape of the cross section of the through-openings is not of particular importance. Circular through-openings, that is drill holes, are advisable, because they can readily be produced mechanically.
  • the fire prevention agents for the fire protection material of the invention have a composition which, as such, is known and is used generally for fire prevention coatings. Examples of such agents may be found in the U.S. Patent 4,292,358. Some examples are given in the following:
  • the through-openings are labelled 1.
  • the supporting material itself is labelled 2.
  • the dotted areas 3 in Fig. 4 are intended to indicate the fire protection agent, which has penetrated into the ,surface of the preferred open-pored supporting material 2.
  • Fig. 5 shows the fire protection material after the fire.
  • the openings 1 are filled up with the carbon foam 4 of the fire protection agent; the same is true for the surface of the supporting material 2.
  • the invention is described in greater detail by means of the following example:
  • the drill holes were distributed essentially uniformly over the whole of the surface. The distance between the centers of the individual drill holes was approximately 25 mm. There were about 30 to 40 of these drill holes in a 100 cm 2 of the panel. This corresponds to a total surface area of the drill holes of about 10%, based on the total surface area of the panel.
  • This panel was mounted on cable trays, (which were otherwise protected on three sides against fire (e.g. by massive walls or other methods).
  • the fourth side was, therefore, covered by the inventive fire protection panel and brought about adequate circulation of air. It is, of course, also possible to surround two, three or even all four sides of the cable lines completely or partly with the inventive fire protection panel.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)

Claims (7)

1. Matériau ignifuge comprenant:
(a) un matériau de support d'un seul tenant, non combustible inorganique, et résistant à la chaleur présentant une série d'ouvertures de part en part, chacune desdites ouvertures de part en part présentant une section transversale de 2 mm2 à 100 mm2, la surface de section transversale total des ouvertures de part en part étant de 2 à 30% de la surface totale du matériau de support, et
(b) un revêtement ignifuge capable de mousser dans le cas d'un incendie pour obtenir les ouvertures de part en part et former une couche isolante, caractérisé en ce que le matériau de support (a) est une matière céramique non métallique à pores ouverts, présentant une densité (calculée sans les ouvertures de part en part) de 0,03 à 1 g/cm3, une épaisseur de 10 à 80 mm et des ouvertures circulaires de part en part réalisées mécaniquement.
2. Matériau ignifuge selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le matériau de support comprend des silicates de magnésium et/ou d'aluminium.
3. Matériau ignifuge selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel les sections transversales des ouvertures sont dans chaque cas d'une dimension de 10 à 60 MM 2.
4. Matériau ignifuge selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la surface de section transversale totale des ouvertures de part en part est de 5 à 15% de la surface total du matériau de support.
5. Procédé de protection d'objets contre les effets d'un incendie, consistant à envelopper les objets, dans lequel au moins 10% de la matière d'enveloppement comprend le matériau ignifuge défini dans la revendication 1.
6. Construction pour protéger des objets contre les incendies, comprenant une matière d'enveloppement disposée à une certaine distance des objets à protéger contre l'incendie, dans laquelle au moins 10% de la matière d'enveloppement comprend le matériau ignifuge défini dans la revendication 1.
7. Utilisation du matériau ignifuge selon la revendication 1 pour la protection d'objects, en particulier de câbles et/ou de lignes électriques, contre l'effet d'un incendie.
EP83108941A 1982-09-14 1983-09-10 Matériau ignifuge et son emploi Expired EP0106144B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83108941T ATE23893T1 (de) 1982-09-14 1983-09-10 Feuerschutzmaterial und seine anwendung.

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19823234021 DE3234021A1 (de) 1982-09-14 1982-09-14 Feuerschutzmaterial und dessen verwendung
DE3234021 1982-09-14
US43641382A 1982-10-25 1982-10-25
US436413 1982-10-25

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0106144A2 EP0106144A2 (fr) 1984-04-25
EP0106144A3 EP0106144A3 (en) 1984-07-25
EP0106144B1 true EP0106144B1 (fr) 1986-11-26

Family

ID=25804462

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83108941A Expired EP0106144B1 (fr) 1982-09-14 1983-09-10 Matériau ignifuge et son emploi

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0106144B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3367946D1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE202004001244U1 (de) * 2004-01-27 2004-05-27 Deutsche Rockwool Mineralwoll Gmbh + Co Ohg Wandung
GB2411212B (en) * 2004-02-17 2007-08-01 Environmental Seals Ltd Flexible seal
GB2411149B (en) * 2004-02-18 2007-05-23 Environmental Seals Ltd Flexible seal
AT505954A1 (de) * 2005-02-04 2009-05-15 Berger Johann Bauplatte od. dgl.

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2838806A (en) * 1957-06-18 1958-06-17 Celotex Corp Fireproof acoustical correction panels
GB1368424A (en) * 1970-09-10 1974-09-25 Nat Res Dev Fireresistant structures
GB1519772A (en) * 1975-07-11 1978-08-02 Cape Asbestos Co Ltd Composition for making flame resistant articles
DE3011453A1 (de) * 1980-03-25 1981-10-01 Herberts Gmbh, 5600 Wuppertal Flaechiges traegermatrial mit einer beschichtung, verfahren zum schutz von gegenstaenden gegen brandeinwirkung und verwendung des flaechigen traegermaterials hierfuer

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0106144A3 (en) 1984-07-25
EP0106144A2 (fr) 1984-04-25
DE3367946D1 (en) 1987-01-15

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