EP0104986B1 - Procédé de fabrication d'un conducteur électrique émaillé à faible coefficient de frottement, et moyens de mise en oeuvre - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication d'un conducteur électrique émaillé à faible coefficient de frottement, et moyens de mise en oeuvre Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0104986B1
EP0104986B1 EP19830401788 EP83401788A EP0104986B1 EP 0104986 B1 EP0104986 B1 EP 0104986B1 EP 19830401788 EP19830401788 EP 19830401788 EP 83401788 A EP83401788 A EP 83401788A EP 0104986 B1 EP0104986 B1 EP 0104986B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coating
wax
conductor
enamel
varnish
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19830401788
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0104986A1 (fr
Inventor
Raymond Andre
Pierre Yves Le Tiec
Germaine Binder
Jean-Jacques Maisseu
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thomson-Brandt SA
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Thomson-Brandt SA
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Application filed by Thomson-Brandt SA filed Critical Thomson-Brandt SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H01B3/308—Wires with resins
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H01B3/303—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups H01B3/38 or H01B3/302
    • H01B3/306—Polyimides or polyesterimides

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing an enameled electrical conductor with a low coefficient of friction, a conductor resulting from this method and means for implementing this method.
  • An enamelled conductor is usually used in the manufacture of windings for electrical machines or any other electrical component.
  • the realization of these windings is often done at relatively high speeds, on automatic or semi-automatic winding machines.
  • the enamelled electrical conductor is subjected to high friction. If the enameled conductor is provided with a relatively high coefficient of friction, there is a risk of poor storage, pronounced wear of the enamel layer or rupture of this conductor, not only creating disturbances in the operation of the machines to be wound but also a change in the quality or the electrical and mechanical characteristics of the windings produced.
  • the first of these solutions consists in making the enamelled electrical conductor slippery by coating it with a film of lubricant such as paraffin, wax or oil, but the result recorded turns out to be insufficient and very irregular.
  • Another solution consists in either replacing in the conductor the enamel or the coating of usual insulating material by a coating of polyhexamethylene adipamide known under the trade name of Nylon which has a better ability to slip than that of many usual insulating materials or add a nylon overlay to an enamel conductor of the usual insulating material.
  • Nylon polyhexamethylene adipamide
  • the results obtained show that this solution brings an improvement compared to the first solution but these results remain irregular.
  • Another solution consists in coating the conductor with an enamel whose constituents of the external layers are modified by the addition of a silicone resin which form a homogeneous mixture. According to such a structure of these external layers of the enamel, an improvement is made to the coefficient of friction of the conductor. However, this improvement turns out to be insufficient.
  • the aim of the present invention is to produce an enameled electrical conductor with a low coefficient of friction and lubricated, having over its entire length a good and homogeneous sliding power which makes it excellently suitable for production, on automatic or semi-automatic winding machines operating at high speed, windings of excellent quality and consistency in their electrical and mechanical characteristics.
  • This lubricated enameled electrical conductor makes it possible to obtain good results in this production which are excellently regular. This regularity is several times greater than that of a known combination of an enamel with a good sliding coefficient such as polyhexamethylene adipamide or nylon and an external lubricant.
  • the invention makes it possible to fully preserve the temperature class of the enamel to which it is applied, such is not the case in the application of a nylon overlayer, for example.
  • the invention is particularly applicable to single layer enamelled conductors of high temperature class such as temperature classes equal to or higher than 180 ° C.
  • an exemplary embodiment is illustrated below, illustrated by an appended drawing which represents a cross-sectional view of an enameled electrical conductor with low friction and lubricated coefficient, the various parts of the conductor not being illustrated on the same scale.
  • the illustrated lubricated enameled electrical conductor 1 comprises a metallic core 2, a basic insulating enamel coating 3 and, according to an important characteristic of the invention, a finishing insulating enamel coating with internal solid lubricant 4, combined with a lubricant external in the form of a film 5.
  • the basic insulating enamel coating 3 consists of one or more layers of a conventional electrically insulating synthetic material such as a polyester, a polyesterimide, a polyvinylformal, a polyamide-imide polyurethane, an epoxy resin, an acrylic resin, a polyimide or any other enamel having good electrical insulating power and good resistance to a temperature which is usually required by the case of enameled electrical conductors.
  • a conventional electrically insulating synthetic material such as a polyester, a polyesterimide, a polyvinylformal, a polyamide-imide polyurethane, an epoxy resin, an acrylic resin, a polyimide or any other enamel having good electrical insulating power and good resistance to a temperature which is usually required by the case of enameled electrical conductors.
  • the finishing insulating enamel coating 4 consists of one or more layers of a usual electrically insulating synthetic material having good chemical and mechanical resistance, in the mass of which is incorporated a solid lubricant in particulate or granular form so that the surface of the outer layer is uniformly filled with granules 6 of this solid lubricant.
  • the entire surface of the outer layer of the finishing enamel coating 4 is provided in a relatively uniform manner with a high concentration of granules 6 of solid lubricant.
  • This internal solid lubricant consists of a lubricating substance such as a wax from the family of polyethylenes including polyethylene homopolymer, oxidized polyethylene, polyethylene with a carboxylic acid group, polyethylene with an ester group, polyethylene with an amide group, a polyvinyl ether wax, a wax. fluoropolymer, a low molecular weight polyamide wax.
  • a lubricating substance such as a wax from the family of polyethylenes including polyethylene homopolymer, oxidized polyethylene, polyethylene with a carboxylic acid group, polyethylene with an ester group, polyethylene with an amide group, a polyvinyl ether wax, a wax. fluoropolymer, a low molecular weight polyamide wax.
  • the film of liquid external lubricant 5 consists of a film of a lubricant chosen from lubricating oils, paraffins, waxes of natural or synthetic origin.
  • the sliding ability of an enameled electrical conductor can be evaluated according to a method known as the twist method, published for example, in the review “Copper Brass and Alloy” No. 126 of 1973 pages 13-18.
  • a twist is formed with two strands of the conductor whose sliding ability is to be evaluated. At one end of this twist, the end of one of the strands of the twist is attached to a fixed point, and at the opposite end of this twist, the end of the other strand of the twist is connected to a dynamometer .
  • the sliding ability of the conductor is measured by the effort required to obtain a uniform displacement of one of the strands relative to the other.
  • a regularity of the sliding ability of the conductor is evaluated by a comparison of the results of several identical measurements carried out on twists formed with other sections of this same conductor. To better illustrate the measurement results, similar measurements are made on twists formed with sections of other types of conductors, which allows a comparison to be made between the measurement results obtained.
  • the tersade is performed with a number of turns equal to 14, according to French standard NF C 26310.
  • the first column indicates the nature of the enameled conductor
  • the second column gives indications on a combination of the enamel coating of the enameled conductor of the first column and a lubricant consisting for example by a deposit of paraffin
  • the third column indicates the force evaluated in grams, necessary to obtain a uniform displacement of one of the strands of a twist with two strands compared to the other strand in the method "of the twist ”
  • the fourth column indicates the standard deviations in grams noted in a comparison of the results of ten measurements.
  • an enamelled conductor with basic enamel class H in polyesterimide and an amide imide overlay has a very poor sliding ability and requires a force of 3980 grams applied at its end to obtain its uniform displacement in measurement using the twist method.
  • a standard deviation of 187 grams from a comparison of the results of a dozen measurement operations indicates the importance of the irregularity of the gliding ability of the enamelled conductor.
  • the enamelled conductor is not or very badly suited to the production of windings on automatic or semi-automatic winding machines operating at high speed, because this irregularity creates in the operation of these machines disturbances which lead to breaks in the driver, for example.
  • This irregularity also results in irregularities in the arrangement of the conductor in the windings produced and consequently causes damaging variations in the quality and the mechanical and electrical characteristics of these windings.
  • a known combination in an enamelled conductor between an overlay of insulating material with a good sliding coefficient and an external lubricant allows in the case of a nylon overlay to reduce the force in the measurement according to the twist method, to 920 grams.
  • the irregularity in the sliding ability of the driver remains at a high level of 120 grams.
  • a new combination provided by the present invention between a base enamel of a usual electrically insulating material containing in its mass and in particular in its surface, particles or granules 6 of a solid lubricant called internal lubricant, and an external lubricant gives d after Table 1 surprising results.
  • the force applied to the end of the conductor in measurements using the twist method is reduced to 640 grams while the standard deviation which measures the irregularity of the sliding ability of the conductor falls to 30.
  • the sliding ability of the enamelled conductor lubricated according to the invention is practically regular or constant.
  • the regularity is thus four times greater than that of a known combination of an enamel of insulating material with good sliding coefficient such as polyhexamethylene adipamide or Nylon and an external lubricant.
  • this combination provided by the invention does not lead to a lowering of the initial class or index of temperature of the base enamel.
  • a method of producing the enameled enamel conductor containing particles of solid internal lubricant and combined with an external lubricant comprises placing on an metallic core 2, an enamel coating 3 in a usual insulating material, in one or more several layers, of an enamel coating 4 in a usual insulating material in the mass of which are incorporated particles or granules 6 of a solid lubricant, and of a film of a lubricant 5.
  • the particles or granules 6 of a solid lubricant such as a polyethylene wax are obtained with a hot solution of this lubricant in a solvent such as xylene, brought to a temperature higher than that of the cloud point, and added, with vigorous stirring, with a cold liquid such as xylene or any other solvent, compatible with the basic insulating material of the enamel in the form of a liquid or varnish, to obtain in this solution a precipitation of granules or particles 6 of in the range of 0.1 to 50 microns.
  • a solvent such as xylene
  • the installation on the metallic core 2 of the enamel coatings 3 and 4 comprises a coating of corresponding varnish in one or more layers followed by heat treatment to remove the solvents and crosslink the resins.
  • this heat treatment of the finishing enamel coating 4 is carried out at a temperature above 600 ° C and preferably at a temperature between 600 ° C and 700 ° C.
  • the heat treatment at this relatively high temperature makes it possible to obtain positively not only a strong rise in the particles or granules 6 on the surface of the outer layer of the finish enamel coating 4, but also a uniform rise in these particles over the whole. of the surface of this coating 4.
  • the enamelled conductor produced exists over its entire surface, a uniform and high concentration of granules or particles of solid lubricant 6.
  • a varnish constituting the enamel coating 4 containing an internal lubricant 441 grams of a polyvinyl ether wax, the melting temperature of which is 45 ° to 50 ° C, is dissolved at 120 ° C in 2800 cm 3 of xylene. To this clear and hot solution are added with vigorous stirring, 5600 cm 3 of cold xylene to obtain a suspension of vinyl ether wax, the stirring of which is maintained until the temperature drops to 25 ° C. A polyvinyl ether suspension is obtained; the particle size of the dispersion ranges from 0.1 to 100 microns. It is on average around 15 microns.
  • This dispersion is then mixed with the varnish constituting the enamel in a proportion of 0.1 to 1% of wax by weight relative to the weight of the basic insulating material of this varnish and this mixture is kept in continuous stirring until it is deposited. on the conductor fitted with its base coating 3.
  • a polyester imide resin of class or temperature index 180 made from an aromatic diacid, an acid anhydride, an aromatic diamine and polyols, one of which is trishydroxy ethyl 2 isocyanurate
  • the enameled conductor thus obtained has an unchanged temperature class or index (180).
  • This dispersion is then mixed with the varnish constituting the finishing enamel 4 at a rate of 0.1 to 1% of wax by weight relative to the weight of the basic insulating material of this varnish and this mixture is kept in continuous stirring until when deposited on the conductor provided with its base coating 3.
  • a varnish made of a polyamide imide resin made from an aromatic diacid, a dianhydride and an aromatic diisocyanate or an aromatic diamine is incorporated with constant stirring, a suspension of oxidized polyethylene wax having a melting temperature of 140 ° C. and an acid number of 28 and which is prepared d 'a manner analogous to that of the third example in a proportion such that the wax concentration is 0.25% by weight relative to the weight of the insulating material of this varnish.
  • the enameled conductor thus obtained is of class or temperature index 200.
  • a varnish consisting of a polyamide imide resin with a temperature index 210 made from an aromatic diacid, a dianhydride and an aromatic diisocyanate or an aromatic diamine, to the polyamide imide varnish is incorporated under constant stirring, a suspension of polyethylene wax comprising on its hydrocarbon chain carboxylic acid groups, with an acid number of 140 and a melting temperature of 80 ° C., prepared in a manner analogous to that of the first example by dissolution at 120 ° C. in xylene then cold precipitation, in a proportion such that the wax concentration is 0.5% by weight relative to the weight of the insulating material of this varnish.
  • a lubricating film of polyethylene wax is applied to this enameled conductor and without cooking.
  • the enameled conductor thus obtained has a temperature class or index 210.
  • base temperature index 200 obtained from a varnish consisting of a polyester resin made from aromatic diacid and polyols, one of which is tris hydroxy ethyl 2 isocyanurate, to a polyamide imide varnish similar to that of the fourth example, is incorporated under constant stirring, a suspension of homopolymer polyethylene wax having a melting temperature of 115 ° C. and prepared in a manner analogous to that of the first example in a proportion such that the wax concentration is 0 , 25% by weight relative to the weight of the insulating material of this varnish.
  • the enameled conductor thus obtained is of class or temperature index 200.
  • the means for implementing the above method include, apart from machines of known type which are not described in detail, at least in the heat treatment of the base 3 and finishing 4 enamel coatings, a convection type operating at a temperature above 600 ° C, which allows to quickly bring the enamelled conductor treated to a high temperature.
  • a rapid rise in the treatment temperature in the conductor subjected to heating makes it possible to promote a uniform and positive rise in the particles or granules of solid lubricant on the surface of the finish coating 4.
  • the means of implementing the above process can understand other known types of enamel ovens.
  • a new combination between an enamel of the usual insulating material containing particles or granules of an internal solid lubricant 6 and an external lubricant makes it possible to substantially improve the sliding ability of the conductor produced relative to the known enamelled conductor and to obtain a great consistency or good regularity of this sliding ability, especially along the lubricated enamelled conductor of the invention, described in the preceding paragraphs.
  • this permanent lubrication by solid particles of internal lubricant 6 of the enamel coating contributes to reducing or even eliminating premature wear of the insulating enamel of these conductors.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Insulated Conductors (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)
EP19830401788 1982-09-21 1983-09-13 Procédé de fabrication d'un conducteur électrique émaillé à faible coefficient de frottement, et moyens de mise en oeuvre Expired EP0104986B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8215908A FR2533357A1 (fr) 1982-09-21 1982-09-21 Conducteur electrique emaille a faible coefficient de frottement, procede de fabrication, et moyens de mise en oeuvre
FR8215908 1982-09-21

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0104986A1 EP0104986A1 (fr) 1984-04-04
EP0104986B1 true EP0104986B1 (fr) 1986-10-29

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ID=9277619

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19830401788 Expired EP0104986B1 (fr) 1982-09-21 1983-09-13 Procédé de fabrication d'un conducteur électrique émaillé à faible coefficient de frottement, et moyens de mise en oeuvre

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0104986B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE3367297D1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES (1) ES525752A0 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2533357A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2658531B1 (fr) 1990-02-16 1992-04-30 Alsthom Cge Alcatel Vernis d'emaillage, procede de fabrication d'un tel vernis et fil conducteur emaille en faisant application.
ES2220024T3 (es) * 1998-08-19 2004-12-01 Pirelli Cables Y Sistemas, S.A. Cable electrico y procedimiento y equipo para su obtencion.
US6392000B1 (en) 2000-10-26 2002-05-21 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Binder for a coating composition for electrical conductors

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3413148A (en) * 1964-06-18 1968-11-26 Westinghouse Electric Corp Polyethylene lubricated enameled wire
GB1230189A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1968-09-24 1971-04-28
US4348460A (en) * 1981-10-19 1982-09-07 Essex Group, Inc. Power insertable polyamide-imide coated magnet wire

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0104986A1 (fr) 1984-04-04
DE3367297D1 (en) 1986-12-04
FR2533357B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1985-05-03
ES8405552A1 (es) 1984-06-01
FR2533357A1 (fr) 1984-03-23
ES525752A0 (es) 1984-06-01

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