EP0101074A2 - Method of finishing and/or drying laundry - Google Patents
Method of finishing and/or drying laundry Download PDFInfo
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- EP0101074A2 EP0101074A2 EP83107947A EP83107947A EP0101074A2 EP 0101074 A2 EP0101074 A2 EP 0101074A2 EP 83107947 A EP83107947 A EP 83107947A EP 83107947 A EP83107947 A EP 83107947A EP 0101074 A2 EP0101074 A2 EP 0101074A2
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- Prior art keywords
- steam
- laundry
- phase
- superheated steam
- drying
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
- D06F73/00—Apparatus for smoothing or removing creases from garments or other textile articles by formers, cores, stretchers, or internal frames, with the application of heat or steam
- D06F73/02—Apparatus for smoothing or removing creases from garments or other textile articles by formers, cores, stretchers, or internal frames, with the application of heat or steam having one or more treatment chambers
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
- D06F51/00—Apparatus for expelling or draining water from the linen, not provided for in the preceding groups
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for finishing and / or drying laundry according to the preamble of claim 1.
- the main problem with finishing and drying laundry is a quick heat transfer and a safe penetration of the laundry with heat and moisture into the interior of the weaving and sewing threads, which are known to be a bundle of fibers.
- the invention has for its object, on the one hand, to achieve good smoothing of these laundry parts and, on the other hand, to achieve a high throughput speed while avoiding impairment of the laundry parts to be treated with low energy requirements.
- the invention is based on the knowledge that a very large amount of energy, namely the evaporation energy, which is a multiple of the specific heat of hot air, is suddenly released during the condensation of steam.
- the steam changes its state of matter and changes to the liquid phase (water).
- the moisture that is created in this way is definitely desirable, because it enables energy to be transported to the inside of the textile fiber.
- the hot air previously used for heat transport is no longer desirable in this process. It works; due to their insulating effect against the rapid heat transfer.
- the laundry is finished and dried in two phases.
- the heating phase the laundry should be heated to about 99 to 100 ° C. as quickly as possible. This is done by adding wet steam, which first condenses when it hits the cooler laundry and then, in the form of heated water and under the influence of the capillary action, penetrates the spaces between the individual fibers very quickly and intensively with both moisture and heat.
- the original residual moisture of the textile fabric and the additional moisture generated by condensation of the steam is evaporated. This is done by superheated steam, which has a high specific heat content, so that only relatively small masses have to be moved, which also has a favorable effect on the drive power.
- the moisture contained in or in the laundry is evaporated with some cooling of the superheated steam. It should be ensured that the superheated steam is not cooled down to the saturated steam range, since in such a case no moisture could be extracted from the laundry.
- the steam is advantageously circulated by means of a fan. The heat extracted from him during the evaporation of the water is then returned to him via a heat exchanger.
- the drying process starts at a predetermined residual moisture Broken.
- This residual moisture is namely necessary to achieve a corresponding surface smoothing, for example in a laundry shortage.
- the laundry shortage can be arranged both inside and outside the treatment chamber.
- the last-described process variant is particularly suitable for the treatment of laundry parts made of pure cotton.
- the steam contained in the chamber is either overheated within the chamber by heat exchangers or else superheated steam is introduced into the chamber.
- a rotating drum can also be used, which is initially filled with steam and later with superheated steam while displacing the air components.
- the steam can be overheated by means of heat exchangers via appropriate heat exchangers at the beginning of the second phase, the evaporation phase. Due to the overheating of the steam and the accompanying simultaneous evaporation of the moisture in the laundry, the steam volume increases continuously in the drying phase. As soon as a volume increase can no longer be determined, this is to be seen as a sign that the drying process of the laundry has been completed.
- a chamber with steam - for the heating phase and a chamber with superheated steam for the drying phase - can be arranged one after the other and between the two chambers as well as between the chambers and the outside atmosphere.
- the two gates of each lock are locked against each other in such a way that only one gate can be opened and a simultaneous opening of both gates of a lock is prevented.
- a slight overpressure in both the heating chamber and the evaporation chamber ensures that air cannot enter these chambers.
- the lock chambers are chosen to be so small that only a relatively small volume can escape into the surrounding atmosphere when they pass through. The air carried in when the laundry enters can be peeled off by directed steam radiation.
- the locks mentioned can be dispensed with entirely, if a container which is essentially closed on all sides is selected, which has one or more openings in the lower region, which is filled with steam from above and into which the laundry parts are fed in and out from below. Because of the lower specific density, the injected steam initially displaces the air in the container. If, according to the criteria described above, it can be seen that the laundry has reached a temperature of approx. 99 to 100 ° C. and the introduced steam no longer condenses, either superheated steam is introduced or the steam in the container is overheated by means of a heat exchanger . By evaporating the moisture on and in the laundry under the influence of the superheated steam, the steam volume increases considerably.
- the laundry can be introduced from the bottom upwards by means of a corresponding conveying device and passed through the treatment chamber at such a speed that there is a sufficiently long dwell time in the individual zones.
- the superheating temperature of the steam is chosen to be very high, for example at 220 ° C., during the first period of the drying phase.
- the fabric temperature does not rise above 100 ° C at normal pressure.
- the temperature is then reduced to such an extent that damage to the fabric is impossible. It was already explained above how the end of the drying phase can be recognized.
- Heat recovery only requires the amount of energy that is required during the heating phase of the laundry, ie the energy with which the laundry including the water it contains changes from the initial temperature (room temperature) to the final temperature of the heating phase (approx. 100 ° C) is heated. The he then in the drying phase required evaporation energy is latently retained in the excess steam. It is not lost.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
- Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Detail Structures Of Washing Machines And Dryers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zum Finishen und/oder Trocknen von Wäsche gemäß Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a method for finishing and / or drying laundry according to the preamble of claim 1.
Aus dem deutschen Gebrauchsmuster ? 911 152 ist bereits eine Vorrichtung zum Glätten von Kleidungsstücken, insbesondere zum gleichzeitigen Trocknen und Glätten gewaschener Kleidungsstücke, mit einer Behandlungskammer in Form eines Tunnels und einer Transportvorrichtung bekannt, bei der die Kleidungsstücke in einer Dämpfzone mittels Dampf und Luft und in der Trocknungszone mittels Heißluft behandelt werden.From the German utility model? 911 152 a device for smoothing clothes, in particular for simultaneously drying and smoothing washed clothes, with a treatment chamber in the form of a tunnel and a transport device is known, in which the clothes are treated in a steaming zone with steam and air and in the drying zone with hot air will.
Aus der deutschen Offenlegungsschrift 28 41 886 ist ein Verfahren zum Finishen von aus einem Mischgewebe bestehenden, gewaschenen Textilteilen bekannt, bei dem die gewaschenen Textilteile nach dem Waschen in einem auch Luftanteile enthaltenden Raum bedämpft und anschließend durch Beaufschlagung mit Luft getrocknet werden. Bei diesem bekannten Verfahren werden die Textilteile vor dem Trocknen noch mit Heißwasser beaufschlagt. Dadurch soll beim Finishen nicht nur ein Entfernen von Wellungen und Kräuselungen im Gewebe erfolgen, sondern darüber hinaus auch ein Entfernen bzw. Glätten thermofixierter Falten.From German Offenlegungsschrift 28 41 886, a method for finishing washed textile parts consisting of a mixed fabric is known, in which the washed textile parts are damped after washing in a room which also contains air components and are subsequently dried by exposure to air. In this known method, the textile parts are subjected to hot water before drying. This should not only remove corrugations and ripples in the fabric during finishing, but also remove or smooth heat-set folds.
Aus der deutschen Offenlegungsschrift 29 39 817 ist darüber hinaus eine Vorrichtung zum Glätten und Trocknen von gewaschenen Formteilen aus Mischgewebe bekannt, bei der die Formteile feucht aufgehängt, in einem luftgefüllten Raum mit Dampf angeblasen und im Luftstrom getrocknet werden. Die feucht aufgehängten Formteile werden bei etwa konstanter Feuchtigkeit langsam erhitzt und anschließend kurzzeitig unter dauerndem verteilten Anblasen mit Heißluft mechanisch geglättet und so trockengeformt. Dabei sind eine Dämpfkammer und eine Trockenkammer hintereinander vorgesehen. In der Wandung der Dämpfkammer sind Öffnungen zum Einbringen von Dampf und gleichzeitig Düsen zum Einbringen von Heißluft vorgesehen, während in der Wandung der Trockenkammer lediglich Düsen zum Einblasen von Heißluft vorhanden sind.From the German Offenlegungsschrift 29 39 817 a device for smoothing and drying washed molded parts from mixed fabric is also known, in which the molded parts are suspended in a moist state, blown with steam in an air-filled room and dried in an air stream. The moist, suspended molded parts are slowly heated at approximately constant humidity and then mechanically smoothed with hot air for a short time while being continuously blown and thus dry-formed. A steaming chamber and a drying chamber are provided one behind the other. Openings for introducing steam and at the same time nozzles for introducing hot air are provided in the wall of the steaming chamber, while only nozzles for blowing in hot air are present in the wall of the drying chamber.
Das Kernproblem beim Finishen und Trocknen von Wäsche sind ein schneller Wärmetransport und eine sichere Durchdringung der Wäsche mit Wärme und Feuchtigkeit bis ins Innere der Web- und Nähfäden, die ja bekanntlich ein Faserbündel darstellen.The main problem with finishing and drying laundry is a quick heat transfer and a safe penetration of the laundry with heat and moisture into the interior of the weaving and sewing threads, which are known to be a bundle of fibers.
Wie weiter oben erwähnt, wird dies bisher dadurch bewerkstelligt, daß warme oder heiße Luft oder Dampf-Luft-Gemische mit mehr oder weniger großer Geschwindigkeit an den Wäscheteilen vorbeigeführt werden. Aus wirtschaftlichen Gründen ist eine Beschleunigung dieser Vorgänge äußerst erwünscht. Dies könnte durch eine Temperaturerhöhung geschehen. Eine solche Temperaturerhöhung kann jedoch sehr leicht zu einer Übertrocknung oder auch zu einem Versengen der Wäscheteile führen. Aus diesem Grunde mußte bisher stets ein Kompromiß zwischen einer schnellen Verarbeitung der Wäsche und einer etwaigen Beeinträchtigung durch Übertrocknung oder Versengen gewählt werden.As mentioned above, this has hitherto been accomplished by moving warm or hot air or steam-air mixtures past the laundry parts at more or less high speed. For economic reasons, accelerating these processes is extremely desirable. This could be done by increasing the temperature. However, such an increase in temperature can very easily lead to overdrying or even scorching of the laundry items. For this reason, a compromise has always had to be chosen between rapid processing of the laundry and any impairment due to overdrying or scorching.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, unter Vermeidung einer Beeinträchtigung der zu behandelnden Wäscheteile bei geringem Energiebedarf einerseits eine gute Glättung dieser Wäscheteile und zum anderen eine hohe Durchlaufgeschwindigkeit zu erreichen.The invention has for its object, on the one hand, to achieve good smoothing of these laundry parts and, on the other hand, to achieve a high throughput speed while avoiding impairment of the laundry parts to be treated with low energy requirements.
Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe erfolgt erfindungsgemäß durch die im kennzeichnenden Teil des Anspruchs 1 angegebenen Merkmale.This object is achieved according to the invention by the features specified in the characterizing part of claim 1.
Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen ergeben sich aus den Ansprüchen 2 bis 16.Advantageous further developments result from claims 2 to 16.
Die Erfindung geht von der Erkenntnis aus, daß bei der Kondensation von Dampf schlagartig eine sehr hohe Energiemenge, nämlich die Verdampfungsenergie, die ein Vielfaches der spezifischen Wärme von Heißluft beträgt, frei wird. Dabei ändert der Dampf seinen Aggregatszustand und geht in die flüssige Phase (Wasser) über.The invention is based on the knowledge that a very large amount of energy, namely the evaporation energy, which is a multiple of the specific heat of hot air, is suddenly released during the condensation of steam. The steam changes its state of matter and changes to the liquid phase (water).
Die so entstehende Feuchtigkeit ist durchaus erwünscht, denn sie ermöglicht den Energietransport bis ins Innerste der textilen Faser. Die bisher für den Wärmetransport verwendete Heißluft ist bei diesem Verfahren nicht mehr erwünscht. Sie wirkt; durch ihre isolierende Wirkung dem schnellen Wärmetransport entgegen.The moisture that is created in this way is definitely desirable, because it enables energy to be transported to the inside of the textile fiber. The hot air previously used for heat transport is no longer desirable in this process. It works; due to their insulating effect against the rapid heat transfer.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend beispielsweise beschrieben.The invention is described below, for example.
Das Finishen und Trocknen der Wäsche erfolgt in zwei Phasen. In der ersten Phase, der Aufheizphase, soll die Wäsche möglichst schnell auf ca. 99 bis 1000 C erhitzt werden. Dies geschieht durch die Zuführung von Naßdampf, der beim Auftreffen auf die kühlere Wäsche zunächst kondensiert und anschließend in der Form von erhitztem Wasser und unter Einfluß der Kapillarwirkung die Zwischenräume zwischen den einzelnen Fasern sehr schnell und intensiv sowohl mit Feuchte als auch mit Wärme durchdringt.The laundry is finished and dried in two phases. In the first phase, the heating phase, the laundry should be heated to about 99 to 100 ° C. as quickly as possible. This is done by adding wet steam, which first condenses when it hits the cooler laundry and then, in the form of heated water and under the influence of the capillary action, penetrates the spaces between the individual fibers very quickly and intensively with both moisture and heat.
Sobald erkennbar ist, daß die Wäsche auf etwa 99 bis 10000 erhitzt ist, wird der Dampf entweder über Wärmetauscher überhitzt oder aber es wird überhitzter Dampf zugeführt. Das Erreichen dieser Schwelle ist dadurch zu erkennen, daß nunmehr kein weiterer Dampf kondensiert, d. h. daß das Volumen des Dampfes sich nicht mehr vermindert.Once it is seen that the laundry is heated to about 99 to 100 0 0, the steam is superheated either via heat exchangers or there is supplied superheated vapor. The achievement of this threshold can be recognized by the fact that no further steam condenses, ie that the volume of the steam no longer decreases.
In der sich anschließenden Verdampfungsphase wird die ursprüngliche Restfeuchtigkeit des textilen Gewebes und die zusätzlich durch Kondensation des Dampfes entstandene Feuchtigkeit verdampft. Dies geschieht durch überhitzten Dampf, der einen hohen spezifischen Wärmeinhalt hat, so daß nur relativ kleine Massen zu bewegen sind, was sich auch bei der Antriebsleistung günstig auswirkt.In the subsequent evaporation phase, the original residual moisture of the textile fabric and the additional moisture generated by condensation of the steam is evaporated. This is done by superheated steam, which has a high specific heat content, so that only relatively small masses have to be moved, which also has a favorable effect on the drive power.
Während des Anblasens der Wäsche durch den überhitzten Dampf wird die an bzw. in der Wäsche enthaltene Feuchtigkeit unter gewisser Abkühlung des überhitzten Dampfes verdampft. Dabei ist sicherzustellen, daß der überhitzte Dampf nicht etwa bis in den Bereich des Sattdampfes abgekühlt wird, da der Wäsche in einem solchen Fall keine Feuchtigkeit mehr entzogen werden könnte. Vorteilhafterweise wird der Dampf dabei mittels eines Gebläses umgewälzt. Die ihm bei der Verdampfung des Wassers entzogene Wärme wird ihm anschließend über einen Wärmetauscher wieder zugeführt.During the blowing of the laundry by the superheated steam, the moisture contained in or in the laundry is evaporated with some cooling of the superheated steam. It should be ensured that the superheated steam is not cooled down to the saturated steam range, since in such a case no moisture could be extracted from the laundry. The steam is advantageously circulated by means of a fan. The heat extracted from him during the evaporation of the water is then returned to him via a heat exchanger.
Entscheidend ist, daß in beiden Phasen, der Aufheizphase und der Verdampfungsphase, ausschließlich Dampf ohne Luftbeimengungen für den Wärmetransport verwendet wird. Daraus resultiert eine sehr weitgehende Faserschonung. Wegen des Fehlens von Sauerstoff wird auch die Gefahr eines Versengens (Oxydation) der Wäsche vermieden. Der überhitzte Dampf in der Verdampfungsphase erlaubt relativ hohe Temperaturen unter weitgehender Schonung der Fasern, so daß selbst Baumwollanteile der Faser nicht beeinträchtigt werden.It is crucial that in both phases, the heating phase and the evaporation phase, only steam without air admixtures is used for the heat transport. This results in very extensive protection of the fibers. The lack of oxygen also avoids the risk of scorching (oxidation) of the laundry. The superheated steam in the evaporation phase allows relatively high temperatures while largely protecting the fibers, so that even cotton portions of the fibers are not affected.
Die Anwesenheit von überhitztem Dampf und Wasser während des Aufheizvorganges und der Ausschluß von Luft auch während des.Trocknungsvorganges führen zu einem extrem guten Finish (knitterfreie Glätte der Wäsche) bei kurzer Trocknungszeit. Ein Finishen durch extreme mechanische Streckung im Luftstrom ist nicht erforderlich. Durch die in der Verdampfungsphase auftretenden relativ hohen Temperaturen wird ein Finishen ohne die erwähnte bisher notwendige mechanische Streckung im Luftstrom ermöglicht. Die üblichen Maßnahmen für ein gutes Finishen bei Mischgewebe ("mischgewebegerechtes Waschen") wie Teilbeladung der Waschmaschine, Waschen mit höherem Wasserstand, "cool down" mit hohem Wasserverbrauch sowie ähnliche Maßnahmen können entfallen.The presence of superheated steam and water during the heating process and the exclusion of air even during the drying process lead to an extremely good finish (wrinkle-free smoothness of the laundry) with a short drying time. Finishing by extreme mechanical stretching in the air stream is not necessary. Due to the relatively high temperatures that occur in the evaporation phase, finishing is possible without the mechanical stretching in the air stream that was previously necessary. The usual measures for good finishing with mixed fabrics ("mix-compatible washing") such as partial loading of the washing machine, washing with a higher water level, "cool down" with high water consumption and similar measures can be omitted.
Bei der Bearbeitung von Flachwäsche-Teilen, wie insbesondere Bettlaken, Kissenbezügen etc. kann grundsätzlich nach dem gleichen Verfahren gearbeitet werden. Vorteilhafterweise wird dann der Trocknungsvorgang bereits bei einer vorbestimmten Restfeuchte abgebrochen. Diese Restfeuchte ist nämlich zur Erzielung einer entsprechenden Oberflächenglättung, beispielsweise in einer Wäschemangel, erforderlich. Die Wäschemangel kann sowohl innerhalb als auch außerhalb der Behandlungskammer angeordnet sein.When processing flat linen parts, such as in particular sheets, pillowcases, etc., the same procedure can generally be used. Advantageously, the drying process then starts at a predetermined residual moisture Broken. This residual moisture is namely necessary to achieve a corresponding surface smoothing, for example in a laundry shortage. The laundry shortage can be arranged both inside and outside the treatment chamber.
Die zuletzt geschilderte Verfahrensvariante eignet sich insbesondere für die Behandlung von Wäscheteilen aus reiner Baumwolle.The last-described process variant is particularly suitable for the treatment of laundry parts made of pure cotton.
Bei Verwendung einer Einzelkammer wird diese zunächst mit Dampf gefüllt. Wegen der größeren spezifischen Dichte entweicht die in der Kammer eventuell vorhandene Luft nach unten. Anschließend wird die Wäsche in die Einzelkammer eingeführt. Selbstverständlich könnte die Wäsche auch vor Dampffüllung in die Einzelkammer eingebracht werden.When using a single chamber, it is first filled with steam. Because of the greater specific density, the air that may be present in the chamber escapes downwards. The laundry is then introduced into the individual chamber. Of course, the laundry could also be introduced into the individual chamber before steam filling.
Soweit aufgrund der weiter oben beschriebenen Kriterien festgestellt wird, daß eineKondensation des Dampfes in der Kammer nicht mehr stattfindet, d. h. daß die Wäsche eine Temperatur von ca. 99 bis 100° C erreicht hat, wird der in der Kammer enthaltene Dampf entweder innerhalb der Kammer durch Wärmetauscher überhitzt oder aber es wird überhitzter Dampf in die Kammer eingeführt.Insofar as it is determined on the basis of the criteria described above that condensation of the steam in the chamber no longer takes place, i. H. that the laundry has reached a temperature of about 99 to 100 ° C, the steam contained in the chamber is either overheated within the chamber by heat exchangers or else superheated steam is introduced into the chamber.
Anstelle der oben beschriebenen Einzelkammer kann auch eine umlaufende Trommel zur Anwendung kommen, die zunächst unter Verdrängung der Luftanteile mit Dampf und später mit überhitztem Dampf gefüllt wird.Instead of the single chamber described above, a rotating drum can also be used, which is initially filled with steam and later with superheated steam while displacing the air components.
Auch hier kann über entsprechende Wärmetauscher der Dampf zu Beginn der zweiten Phase, der Verdampfungsphase, mittels Wärmetauscher überhitzt werden. Durch die Überhitzung des Dampfes und die damit einhergehende gleichzeitige ständige Verdampfung der Feuchtigkeit in der Wäsche ergibt sich in der Trocknungsphase eine ständige Vergrößerung des Dampfvolumens. Sobald eine Volumenvergrößerung nicht mehr feststellbar ist, ist dies als Zeichen dafür zu werten, daß der Trocknungsvorgang der Wäsche abgeschlossen ist.Here, too, the steam can be overheated by means of heat exchangers via appropriate heat exchangers at the beginning of the second phase, the evaporation phase. Due to the overheating of the steam and the accompanying simultaneous evaporation of the moisture in the laundry, the steam volume increases continuously in the drying phase. As soon as a volume increase can no longer be determined, this is to be seen as a sign that the drying process of the laundry has been completed.
Selbstverständlich können auch eine Kammer mit Dampf - für die Aufheizphase und eine Kammer mit überhitztem Dampf für die Trocknungsphase hintereinander und zwischen den beiden Kammern sowie zwischen den Kammern und der Außenatmospäre Schleusen angeordnet werden. Dabei werden die beiden Tore einer jeden Schleuse derart gegeneinander verriegelt, daß jeweils nur ein Tor zu öffnen ist und ein gleichzeitiges Öffnen beider Tore einer Schleuse verhindert wird. Durch einen leichten Überdruck sowohl in der Aufheizkammer als auch in der Verdampfungskammer ist gewährleistet, daß Luft in diese Kammern nicht eindringen kann. Die Schleusenkammern werden so klein gewählt, daß beim Durchschleusen nur jeweils ein relativ kleines Volumen in die umgebende Atmosphäre entweichen kann. Die beim Eintritt der Wäsche mitgeführte Luft kann durch eine gerichtete Dampfbestrahlung abgeschält werden.Of course, a chamber with steam - for the heating phase and a chamber with superheated steam for the drying phase - can be arranged one after the other and between the two chambers as well as between the chambers and the outside atmosphere. The two gates of each lock are locked against each other in such a way that only one gate can be opened and a simultaneous opening of both gates of a lock is prevented. A slight overpressure in both the heating chamber and the evaporation chamber ensures that air cannot enter these chambers. The lock chambers are chosen to be so small that only a relatively small volume can escape into the surrounding atmosphere when they pass through. The air carried in when the laundry enters can be peeled off by directed steam radiation.
Schließlich sei auch darauf hingewiesen, daß auf die erwähnten Schleusen völlig verzichtet werden kann, wenn ein im wesentlichen allseits geschlossener Behälter gewählt wird, der im unteren Bereich ein oder mehrere Öffnungen aufweist, der von oben mit Dampf aufgefüllt wird undin den die Wäscheteile von unten hinein- und herausgeführt werden. Wegen der geringeren spezifischen Dichte verdrängt der eingeblasene Dampf zunächst die in dem Behälter befindliche Luft. Wenn nach den weiter oben beschriebenen Kriterien erkennbar wird, daß die Wäsche eine Temperatur von ca. 99 bis 1000 C erreicht hat und eine Kondensation des eingeführten Dampfes nicht mehr stattfindet, wird entweder überhitzter Dampf eingeführt oder aber der im Behälter befindliche Dampf mittels Wärmetauscher überhitzt. Durch das Verdampfen der Feuchtigkeit an und in der Wäsche unter dem Einfluß des überhitzten Dampfes erhöht sich das Dampfvolumen ganz erheblich. Dadurch entweicht durch die unteren Öffnungen des Behälters ständig Dampf. Das Eindringen von Luft wird so mit Sicherheit verhindert. Wenn eine nennenswerte Erhöhung des Dampfvolumens nicht mehr eintritt, kann davon ausgegangen werden, daß der Wäsche die Feuchtigkeit bis auf geringe Restbestandteile entzogen wurde. Der Behandlungsvorgang kann dann abgeschlossen werden.Finally, it should also be pointed out that the locks mentioned can be dispensed with entirely, if a container which is essentially closed on all sides is selected, which has one or more openings in the lower region, which is filled with steam from above and into which the laundry parts are fed in and out from below. Because of the lower specific density, the injected steam initially displaces the air in the container. If, according to the criteria described above, it can be seen that the laundry has reached a temperature of approx. 99 to 100 ° C. and the introduced steam no longer condenses, either superheated steam is introduced or the steam in the container is overheated by means of a heat exchanger . By evaporating the moisture on and in the laundry under the influence of the superheated steam, the steam volume increases considerably. As a result, steam constantly escapes through the lower openings of the container. The penetration of air is thus reliably prevented. If there is no significant increase in the volume of steam, it can be assumed that the moisture has been removed from the laundry with the exception of small residual components. The treatment process can then be completed.
Durch eine entsprechende Fördereinrichtung kann die Wäsche von unten nach oben eingebracht und mit einer solchen Geschwindigkeit durch die Behandlungskammer hindurchgeführt werden, daß sich in den einzelnen Zonen eine hinreichend lange Verweilzeit ergibt. Eine unerwünschte Rekontamination, wie sie bisher bei allen mit Luftanteilen arbeitenden Verfahren auftritt, wird durch die alleinige Verwendung von Dampf vermieden. Wie bereits erwähnt, ist ein vollständiges Verschließen des Behälters nach unten hierbei nicht erforderlich.The laundry can be introduced from the bottom upwards by means of a corresponding conveying device and passed through the treatment chamber at such a speed that there is a sufficiently long dwell time in the individual zones. An undesirable recontamination, as has hitherto occurred in all processes using air components, avoided by using steam alone. As already mentioned, it is not necessary to completely close the container downwards.
Bei allen oben beschriebenen Verfahren ist eine Wärmerückgewinnung oder eine direkte Weiterverwendung des Uberschußdampfes, beispielsweise in Maschinen des Waschbereichs (Waschmaschinen), möglich. Damit sind die Energiekosten relativ gering zu halten.With all of the methods described above, heat recovery or direct reuse of the excess steam is possible, for example in machines in the washing area (washing machines). This keeps the energy costs relatively low.
Eine wesentliche Beschleunigung des Verfahrensvorganges kann dadurch erreicht werden, daß während des ersten Zeitabschnitts der Trockenphase die Überhitzungstemperatur des Dampfes sehr hoch, beispielsweise mit 220° C, gewählt wird. Solange genügend Restfeuchte in der Wäsche vorhanden ist, steigt die Gewebetemperatur nicht über 100° C bei Normaldruck. Gegen Ende der Trockenphase wird die Temperatur dann soweit abgesenkt, daß eine Wäscheschädigung des Gewebes ausgeschlossen ist. Bereits weiter oben wurde dargelegt, woran das Ende der Trocknungsphase zu erkennen ist.A substantial acceleration of the process can be achieved in that the superheating temperature of the steam is chosen to be very high, for example at 220 ° C., during the first period of the drying phase. As long as there is sufficient residual moisture in the laundry, the fabric temperature does not rise above 100 ° C at normal pressure. Towards the end of the drying phase, the temperature is then reduced to such an extent that damage to the fabric is impossible. It was already explained above how the end of the drying phase can be recognized.
Durch eine Wärmerückgewinnung ist nur noch die Energiemenge erforderlich, die während der Aufheizphase der Wäsche benötigt wird, d. h. die Energie, mit der das Wäschegut einschließlich des darin enthaltenen Wassers von der Ausgangstemperatur (Raumtemperatur) auf die Endtemperatur der Aufheizphase (ca. 100° C) erwärmt wird. Die danach in der Trocknungsphase erforderliche Verdampfungsenergie bleibt im Überschußdampf latent erhalten. Sie geht nicht verloren.Heat recovery only requires the amount of energy that is required during the heating phase of the laundry, ie the energy with which the laundry including the water it contains changes from the initial temperature (room temperature) to the final temperature of the heating phase (approx. 100 ° C) is heated. The he then in the drying phase required evaporation energy is latently retained in the excess steam. It is not lost.
Wenn eine sofortige Wiederverwendung des Dampfes nicht möglich ist, kann dieser verdichtet und bei entsprechender Wärmeisolation auch über längere Zeit gespeichert werden.If it is not possible to reuse the steam immediately, it can be compressed and stored over a longer period of time with the appropriate thermal insulation.
Claims (16)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT83107947T ATE48664T1 (en) | 1982-08-16 | 1983-08-11 | PROCESS FOR FINISHING AND/OR DRYING LAUNDRY. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3230764 | 1982-08-16 | ||
DE3230764A DE3230764C2 (en) | 1982-08-16 | 1982-08-16 | Process for finishing and / or drying textile pieces |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0101074A2 true EP0101074A2 (en) | 1984-02-22 |
EP0101074A3 EP0101074A3 (en) | 1985-12-11 |
EP0101074B1 EP0101074B1 (en) | 1989-12-13 |
Family
ID=6171160
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP83107947A Expired EP0101074B1 (en) | 1982-08-16 | 1983-08-11 | Method of finishing and/or drying laundry |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4527343A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0101074B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS5949800A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE48664T1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE3230764C2 (en) |
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- 1983-08-11 EP EP83107947A patent/EP0101074B1/en not_active Expired
- 1983-08-11 DE DE8383107947T patent/DE3380967D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE3230764A1 (en) | 1984-02-16 |
EP0101074B1 (en) | 1989-12-13 |
DE3230764C2 (en) | 1985-04-04 |
ATE48664T1 (en) | 1989-12-15 |
JPS5949800A (en) | 1984-03-22 |
EP0101074A3 (en) | 1985-12-11 |
US4527343A (en) | 1985-07-09 |
DE3380967D1 (en) | 1990-01-18 |
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