EP0098771B1 - Verfahren zur Herstellung von Formkoks in einem Schachtofen und Schachtofen zur Durchführung des Verfahrens - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Formkoks in einem Schachtofen und Schachtofen zur Durchführung des Verfahrens Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0098771B1
EP0098771B1 EP83401306A EP83401306A EP0098771B1 EP 0098771 B1 EP0098771 B1 EP 0098771B1 EP 83401306 A EP83401306 A EP 83401306A EP 83401306 A EP83401306 A EP 83401306A EP 0098771 B1 EP0098771 B1 EP 0098771B1
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Prior art keywords
oven
zone
electrodes
coke
burden
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French (fr)
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EP0098771A1 (de
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Gérald Namy
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C10B53/08—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form in the form of briquettes, lumps and the like
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B19/00—Heating of coke ovens by electrical means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for manufacturing coke molded in a shaft furnace and the corresponding shaft furnace.
  • a process is known for manufacturing coke molded in a tank furnace where coal balls are introduced into the tank furnace, at its upper part, to constitute a bed circulating from top to bottom through the furnace over its entire height.
  • coal balls are in contact with hot gases passing through the oven from bottom to top.
  • the upper part of the oven constitutes a balanced exchanger in which the bed of solids is dried and heated to a certain temperature and the circulating gases cooled before their exit to the upper part of the oven.
  • the middle part of the oven constitutes the coking zone in which heat is supplied to the bed of circulating solid materials, for example by means of burners.
  • This addition of heat can be carried out by combustion of part of the gases circulating in the shaft furnace, by means of oxidizing air introduced at the level of the central zone.
  • Coal balls liberate in particular at the time of their coking combustible gases coming from volatile materials of coal.
  • This process has the drawback of requiring the coke to overheat up to a temperature in the region of 1,400 ° C.
  • the coke temperature in conventional coke ovens does not exceed 1,200 ° C.
  • the FR.A. patent has also been proposed. 628 168, to use electrically heated ovens, with gas circulation against the current of solid materials, for cooking coke in order to manufacture electrodes.
  • the invention proposes, on the other hand, a process for manufacturing mold coke in which the heating of the charge is carried out by observing a heating law determined according to the nature of the coal so as to avoid the formation of clusters and to preserve the shape of the balls until the end of the treatment, in particular by avoiding their bursting and their overheating.
  • a known kiln is used, at the top of which coking charcoal balls are introduced which constitute a moving bed descending into the furnace against the gas flow passing through the furnace from bottom to top. , part of which consists of gases recovered at the top of the oven and recycled at its bottom and another part of which consists of the gases released by the coal during its heating and coking, a supply of heat being effected by passing electric currents through the bed of solids.
  • electrical heating is carried out in a controlled manner, in the central zone of the furnace over a determined height, by passing electrical currents, the intensities of which can be individually adjusted, in several horizontal planes of the load, by adjusting the heat exchanges between the solid charge and by adjusting the gas circulation and the electric power distributed over the different electrode levels according to the heat requirements and the electrical resistance of the charge, progressive heating is controlled and homogeneous thereof during its descent into the oven according to a heating law chosen according to the nature of the coal to maintain the shape of the balls, so that the temperature of the bed of solid material is between 600 ° C.
  • an adjustable flow rate of the rising current of hot gases is derived, so as to control a gradual rise in temperature of the materials at a speed chosen according to the nature of the coal for avoid melting or sticking of the balls.
  • the electrical resistance of the charge is increased after leaving the central coking zone by decompressing the charge in the cooling zone, capable of increasing the contact resistances between the balls.
  • the charcoal balls introduced into the upper part of the oven are mixed with particles of small coke or any other electrically conductive product, unalterable at temperatures reached in the oven and being in the form of grains of dimensions smaller than those of the coal balls, said grains being distributed homogeneously in the interstices between the balls.
  • the cell furnace for implementing the method according to the invention comprises at least two pairs of superposed electrodes, placed in horizontal planes spaced apart from one another and whose electrical supply voltages are individually adjustable by pair.
  • the electrodes placed in at least one of the horizontal planes are mounted movable horizontally and each connected to alternate advancing and reversing means, each electrode exerting constant pressure on the charge by progressive advancement towards the interior of the oven to a determined position from which a rapid reverse is controlled accompanied by a descent of the load and followed by a new advancement.
  • This mouthpiece is of a type similar to that of blast furnace mouths and allows, by means of a device 4, the recovery of gases at the upper part of the shaft furnace.
  • the gueulard is completely waterproof and avoids the entry of atmospheric air.
  • hoppers and rotary evacuators 5 allow a regular outlet of the coke reaching the bottom of the furnace.
  • a moving bed 6 of solid materials moves continuously in the oven.
  • the upper surface 60 of this bed of solids is maintained at a substantially constant level by introduction of coal balls thanks to the jaw 3 at a flow rate identical to the coke outlet flow rate.
  • a first set of electrodes 7 is introduced into the furnace through its upper part. These electrodes can be adjusted in height, so that the level of the plane AA in which electric currents of horizontal direction circulate between the electrodes can be adjusted by vertical displacement of all of the upper electrodes.
  • these electrodes comprise a conductive part 10 constituted by a graphite plate crimped in a piece of refractory steel 11.
  • the pieces 11 of refractory steel are connected to support tubes 12 also in refractory steel constituting conductors serving to bring the current to the end of the electrodes 7. Cooling air possibly circulates inside these tubes and comes to cool, at their lower part, the part 11 for fixing the conductive part 10.
  • Blocks of refractory material 14 make it possible to isolate the suspension and supply tubes from the current 12 from the bed of solid materials and from the high temperature gases circulating in the furnace.
  • the electrodes 7 plunge into the bed of solid materials to a depth of approximately 1.5 meters below the surface of the level 60. This depth of introduction of the electrodes can be adjustable.
  • These electrodes consist of blocks of graphite housed in the refractory located between the two walls 1 and 2 of the furnace and slightly projecting in the interior space of the furnace.
  • these electrodes are movable horizontally so as to exert a constant thrust on the load.
  • each electrode 8 can be mounted on a carriage 81 movable horizontally for example by means of a jack 82 at constant pressure.
  • the forward movement towards the inside of the furnace is limited in its course so that the electrodes 8 extend a few centimeters beyond the internal face of the wall 2 of the furnace.
  • the jack 82 then commands a rapid retreat of the electrode which is accompanied by a descent of the mstaires located above and the advance movement can resume.
  • An easy-to-design system compensates for the wear of electrode 8.
  • a gas recovery and treatment circuit 15 is connected on the one hand to the gas recuperator 4 at the upper part of the oven and on the other hand to the lower part of the oven by an injection pipe. 18.
  • the circuit can advantageously include equipment 19 limiting the vapor content water from the recycled gas and constituted for example by an exchanger lowering the dew point of the gas by cooling.
  • a valve 20 makes it possible to regulate the injection of gas at the base of the furnace and to direct a part of this gas towards a storage tank or a circuit of use.
  • the oven comprises several nivesux of electrodes 8 placed in horizontal planes staggered along the middle zone C and the power supply of which, not shown in the figure, can be adjusted individually in each plane, depending on the electrical power desirable for the realization of the heating law.
  • the required area of electrodes is determined by the intensity of the electric current to be circulated in the mass so as to avoid overheating.
  • the total surface area of the electrodes is therefore significant. But it is necessary that a ball does not stay too long under a strong intensity. There will therefore be a number of electrodes constituting horizontal planes and of small thickness.
  • the current voltage can be adjusted by group of electrodes according to the heating law.
  • the furnace 1 has a rectangular section allowing the modular production of an installation made up of adjoining cells.
  • the furnace is provided with means making it possible to divert part of the ascending current of hot gases and which can for example consist of a double side wall 21 providing a space for the circulation of gases which is effected by the difference in pressure drop between the two internal and peripheral circuits respectively thus formed.
  • a shutter system makes it possible to adjust the pressure drop and therefore the gas flow in the main circuit.
  • the oven has a greater width and is further crossed by horizontal bars 22 lined with refractory and possibly internally cooled and which extend from one wall to the other.
  • the extraction of the products at the base 5 of the furnace therefore ensures a decompression of the charge at the outlet of the coking zone C. 11 this results in an increase in the resistances of contact which reduces the flow of electric current from the start of the cooling zone. This limits downward the electric heating zone C.
  • FIG. 5 gives an example of a heating law and of the respective temperatures of the materials (indicated on the abscissa) according to the height of the oven (indicated on the ordinate).
  • the solid line curve gives the temperature of the solids and the dotted line the gas temperature.
  • a charcoal charge consisting of briquettes or balls of usual dimensions (for example: 40 x 25 x 20 mm) mixed with small coke with a particle size ranging from 5 to 15 mm .
  • This small coke is previously distributed homogeneously in the balls, in a suitable proportion, for example: 10% by weight or 19% by volume.
  • the small coke could be replaced by any equivalent product, of the same size, that is to say conductive of electricity and unalterable at the temperatures practiced in the gaseous medium considered).
  • This small coke is partially lodged between the coal balls, occupying the interstices of the charge.
  • the charcoal balls consist of a mixture of lean or flaming dry coal associated with fatty or flaming coals mixed with a binder consisting of pitch (possibly mixed with tar).
  • the homogenized mixture descends into the oven against the flow of gases and reaches the lower part of the upper exchanger of the oven at a temperature close to 850 ° C.
  • the coal balls are therefore dried and then heated so that their temperature is close to 800 ° C. at the outlet of the upper exchanger from the shaft furnace.
  • the gas flow rate and the heating of the furnace are regulated according to the flow rate of solid materials to obtain the adequate heat exchanges.
  • the temperature of the balls at the outlet of the upper exchanger P must, in practice, be higher than 700 ° C. so that the flow of the current occurs in a suitable manner and not exceed 850 ° C. for that the thermal efficiency of the operation is good.
  • the particles of small coke inserted between the coal balls favor the passage of the current in the bed of solid matter circulating in the furnace by multiplying the points of contact.
  • Raw balls as introduced into the shaft furnace are not very conductive of electricity. However, from a certain degree of devolatilization, the internal resistivity of these balls quickly decreases. For example at 800 ° C the measurements have shown that these balls have an internal resistivity which does not exceed 1500 ⁇ / 0m. Thus, by controlling the temperature rise of the balls in the preheating zone P, one limits upwards the zone C of electric heating.
  • the method according to the invention makes it possible to reduce the risk of overheating since it is easier to regulate the temperature of the electric heating by distributing it in several successive horizontal sections of the oven.
  • the small coke mixed with the balls of raw coal before being introduced into the oven is recovered at the base of the oven by screening the coke balls produced.
  • This small coke has not undergone any transformation throughout its passage through the furnace. Its role is limited to reducing the contact resistances between the carbon balls and obtaining a more homogeneous heating of the load.
  • the bed of solids On entering the central electric heating zone of the furnace lying essentially between the two planes A and B of the electrodes, the bed of solids has a very uniform temperature, on the one hand because of the movement of the charge of solids crossing the electrode area and subjected to Joule heating of the currents which cross it, resulting from the multiple contacts established by the grains of small coke distributed in the balls and which constantly change position, and on the other hand because of the circulation gases in this area.
  • electrodes arranged as shown in FIG. 4 are used. ie about 3.5 m apart.
  • Electrodes are supplied with a voltage which is preferably continuous and regulated for a power kept constant and give off a total power of 1,500 kw for example. This power is distributed between the various levels of electrodes so as to obtain the desired heating law.
  • This thermal power of electrical origin makes it possible to increase the temperature of the solid materials from 800 to 1,050 ° C. approximately in zone C of electric heating.
  • the gases injected at the base of the furnace through line 18 make it possible to cool the coke produced from the outlet temperature from the middle zone, that is to say a temperature close to 1000 ° C. to a temperature close to 150 ° vs.
  • the gas produced in the oven is recovered at the top, dusted and tared before being introduced into the oven through line 18.
  • an excess quantity of combustible gas is produced depending on the nature of the charcoals used, for example 500 m 3 per tonne of coke produced.
  • the calorific value of this gas is around 18810J / m 3 (4500 calories per m 3 ),
  • Electric power consumption is around 150 kWh per tonne of coke produced.
  • Coking therefore occurs at a relatively moderate temperature and generally a little lower than the coking temperature in conventional coke ovens.
  • the setting of the electric heating according to the flows of solids and gases may vary somewhat but to obtain a good thermal efficiency and optimal coking conditions, the maximum temperature of the bed of solids in the electric heating zone should not exceed a value between 950 and 1150 ° C.
  • the balance concerning the energy consumption in the process according to the invention is entirely favorable if it is compared to what it is for conventional coke ovens.
  • the main advantages of the process according to the invention are to allow a reduction in the energy consumption for the production of coke and the recovery of a gas with high calorific value which can be produced continuously.
  • the thermal adjustment of the process can be carried out in a simple manner, so that the exchanges between the gases and the solid materials are balanced and that the calorific contribution by electrical energy is used practically only to compensate for the heat losses of the furnace and the heat of endothermic reactions that can occur in the oven.
  • the flexibility of this type of oven makes it possible to modulate the consumption of electric current with load shedding during peak hours.
  • the thermal adjustment conditions may vary within the intervals mentioned.
  • the shape of the straight section of the oven is not necessarily square or rectangular but can also be circular.
  • the shape of the electrodes, their arrangement and their spacing can be variable depending on the shape of the oven and the desired heating conditions.
  • the gases recovered at the top of the furnace undergo treatments which depend on their end use.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Coke Industry (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Iron (AREA)

Claims (12)

1. Verfahren zur Herstellung von Formkoks in einem Schachtofen (1) mit Senkrechtachse unter Zuführung an dessen Oberteil (3) einer Ladung eierförmiger zu verkokender Kohle, die ein im Schacht (1) zu von unten nach oben zirkulierender Gase im Gegenstrom absinkendes verschiebbares Kohlenbett bildet, das nacheinander eine Vorwärmzone, eine Verkokungszone und eine Abkühlungszone von oben nach unten durchläuft, wobei der Gasaufwärtsstrom aus den während der Erhitzung und Verkokung durch die Kohle freigesetzten Gase sowie aus einem Teil am Ofenoberteil rückgewonnenen, nach Waschen und Entstaubung am Ofenunterteil wieder rückgeführten Gase besteht, und wobei zwischen an zwei einander entgegengesetzten Seiten der Wand (2) des Ofens (1) angeordneten Elektroden (8) dem aus Feststoffe bestehenden Kohlenbett durch Stromeinspeisung Wärme zugeführt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die elektrische Heizung über eine im Mittelteil (C) des Ofens (1) festgesetzte Höhe derart gesteuert wird, dass elektrische Ströme mit einstellbaren Stromstärken in mehreren über die Ladung hin abgestuften horizontalen Ebenen eingespeist werden, und dass durch Einstellung der Gaszirkulation und der dem Wärmebedarf und dem elektrischen Widerstand der Ladung entsprechend über die verschiedenen Elektrodenniveaux verteilte elektrischen Leistung, die stufenlose und gleichförmige Heizung der Ladung beim Absinken im Ofen gemäss einem der Kohleart entsprechend gewählten Heizgesetz zur Beibahaltung der Eierbrikettform so kontrolliert wird, dass die Temperatur des Feststoffbettes am Eintritt in die mittlere elektrische Heizzone (C) zwischen 600° C und 850° C liegt, und dass die Verkokung in dieser Zone (C) bei einer Temperatur zwischen 950° C und 1150° C vollständig durchgeführt wird, wobei die Eierbriketts anschliessend in dem Unterteil des Ofens (1) gekühlt werden.
2. Verfahren zur Herstellung von Formkoks nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur Kontrolle eines allmählichen Temperaturanstiegs der Feststoffe bei einer der Kohleart entsprechend gewählten Geschwindigkeit eine einstellbare Durchsatzmenge der aufsteigenden Warmgasströmung in der Vorwärmzone (P) abgezweigt wird um das Schmelzen oder Kleben der Eierbriketts zu verhindern.
3. Verfahren zur Herstellung von Formkoks nach einem der Ansprüche 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der elektrische Widerstand der Ladung nach dem Austritt aus der Verkokungszone (C) durch eine in der Kühlungszone (R) durchgeführten Dekompression der Ladung erhöht wird, wodurch der Kontaktwiderstand zwischen den Eierbriketts vergrössert werden kann.
4. Verfahren zur Herstellung von Formkoks nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die am Oberteil (3) des Ofens (1) zugeführten Eierbriketts mit Tailchen Koksklein oder irgendeinem anderen Produkt unter Form von stromleitende, gegen den im Ofen erreichten Temperaturen hitzebeständigen Körne mit kleineren Abmessungen als diejenigen der Eierbriketts vermischt werden, wobei diese Körner gleichmässig in den Lücken zwischen den Eierbriketts verteilt sind und den Stromdurchgang in der mittleren Verkokungszone (C) begünstigen, wodurch eine gleichmässige Heizung erzielt und das Einstellen des alaktrischen Leistungsverbrauchs verbessert wird.
5. Verfahren zur Herstellung von Formkoks nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Teilchen aus Koksklein eine Grösse zwischan 5 und 15 mm aufweisen.
6. Schachtofen zur Herstellung von Koks gamäss dem Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, bestehend aus einem Schacht (1) mit Senkrechtachse, der an dessen Oberteil eine Gicht (3) zur Zuführung einer Kohleladung aus Eierbrikatts und Mittel zur Rückgewinnung der Gase, und an dessen Untertail eine Einrichtung zum Ausstossen der Feststoffe und Einblasmittel für die Gase aufweist, und der an dessen Mittelteil mit Elektroden (8) zur Stromzuführung in die Ladung versehen ist, dadurch gekannzeichnet, dass er mindestans zwei Paar Elektroden (8) umfasst, wobei das eine Paar unter dem anderen in zwei im Abstand voneinander befindlichan horizontale Ebenen (A, B) angeordnet ist, sowie einzelne Regelmittel zur Stromversorgung des jeweiligen Elektrodenpaares aufweist.
7. Schachtofen nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er mit den Stromdurchgang begünstigenden Stoffen aus Teilchen einer leitenden und beständigen Substanz wie Koksklein arbeitet, die in der Grösse kleiner sind als die Eierbriketts und gleichmässig zwischen den letzteren verteilt sind.
8. Schachtofen nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er mindestens ein Paar horizontal verschiebbare Elektroden (8) aufweist, die jeweils mit Mittel (81, 82) zum abwechselnden Vorschub und Rückzug verbunden sind, wobei jede Elektrode (8) einen konstantan Druck auf die Ladung durch das stufenlose Eindringen nach innen in den Ofen (1) bis zu einer vorbestimmten Laga ausübt, ab welcher ein schneller Rückzug mit einem Absinken der Ladung und so weiter gesteuert wird.
9. Schachtofen nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er eine erste Gruppe im oberen Niveau (A) angeordneter, an Senkrechtleitern (12) aufgehängtan Elektroden (10) aufweist, wobei deren Lege der Ofenhöhe entsprechend einstellbar ist, und mindestens eine zweite Gruppe durch die Seitenwand des Ofens (1) hindurch, in einem unteren Niveau horizontal sich erstreckenden Elektroden (8) umfasst.
10. Schachtofen nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die senkrechtan Leiter zum Aufhängen und Verfahren der verschiebbaren Elektroden (10) aus mit hitzebeständigem Material umhüllten Rohre (12) bestehen und an ihrem Oberteil mit einer Lufteinblasvorrichtung zum Kühlen der Elektroden verbunden sind.
11. Schachtofen nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er ein Mittel zur Dekompression der Ladung am Austritt aus der Verkokungszone (C) aufweist, das durch eine Ofenquerschnittserweiterung in der Kühlungszone (R) unter der mittleren Verkokungszone (C) gebildet wird.
12. Schachtofen nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er in der Kühlungszone (R) die Ladung durchquerende horizontale Stäbe aufweist.
EP83401306A 1982-06-23 1983-06-23 Verfahren zur Herstellung von Formkoks in einem Schachtofen und Schachtofen zur Durchführung des Verfahrens Expired EP0098771B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83401306T ATE19527T1 (de) 1982-06-23 1983-06-23 Verfahren zur herstellung von formkoks in einem schachtofen und schachtofen zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8211540A FR2529220A1 (fr) 1982-06-23 1982-06-23 Procede de fabrication de coke moule dans un four a cuve chauffe electriquement et four a cuve correspondant
FR8211540 1982-06-23

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EP0098771A1 EP0098771A1 (de) 1984-01-18
EP0098771B1 true EP0098771B1 (de) 1986-04-30

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EP (1) EP0098771B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE19527T1 (de)
DE (1) DE3363268D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2529220A1 (de)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2587713B1 (fr) * 1985-09-26 1987-12-18 Usinor Procede de fabrication de coke moule par chauffage electrique dans un four a cuve et four a cuve pour la fabrication d'un tel coke
CN117143620B (zh) * 2023-10-19 2024-06-18 重庆富燃科技股份有限公司 可调式一体炉

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE409341C (de) * 1922-08-18 1925-02-03 Hermann Roechling Herstellung von Koks
FR628168A (fr) * 1926-04-22 1927-10-19 Aluminum Co Of America Perfectionnements à la cuisson du coke
FR658014A (fr) * 1927-07-26 1929-05-30 Perfectionnements dans les procédés de calcination des ovoïdes agglomérés combustibles
US2127542A (en) * 1935-08-14 1938-08-23 Ralph B Stitzer Electrical carbonization of coal
FR1022465A (fr) * 1949-07-25 1953-03-05 Procédé et four de chauffage des matériaux en vrac
FR1163853A (fr) * 1956-08-18 1958-10-02 Procédé de carbonisation du charbon

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FR2529220A1 (fr) 1983-12-30
DE3363268D1 (en) 1986-06-05
FR2529220B1 (de) 1984-12-28
EP0098771A1 (de) 1984-01-18
ATE19527T1 (de) 1986-05-15

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