Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D10/00—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group
  • C11D10/04—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group based on mixtures of surface-active non-soap compounds and soap
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/38—Cationic compounds
  • C11D1/42—Amino alcohols or amino ethers
  • C11D1/44—Ethers of polyoxyalkylenes with amino alcohols; Condensation products of epoxyalkanes with amines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/38—Cationic compounds
  • C11D1/62—Quaternary ammonium compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/38—Cationic compounds
  • C11D1/65—Mixtures of anionic with cationic compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
  • C11D1/75—Amino oxides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/37—Polymers
  • C11D3/3703—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C11D3/3711—Polyacetal carboxylates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/38—Products with no well-defined composition, e.g. natural products
  • C11D3/386—Preparations containing enzymes, e.g. protease or amylase
  • C11D3/38618—Protease or amylase in liquid compositions only
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
  • C11D1/14—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aliphatic hydrocarbons or mono-alcohols
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
  • C11D1/22—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aromatic compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
  • C11D1/28—Sulfonation products derived from fatty acids or their derivatives, e.g. esters, amides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
  • C11D1/29—Sulfates of polyoxyalkylene ethers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/38—Cationic compounds
  • C11D1/40—Monoamines or polyamines; Salts thereof

Definitions

• the present invention relates to detergent compositions, preferably liquid detergents, containing an anionic synthetic surfactant, a cosurfactant selected from the group consisting of certain quaternary ammonium, diquaternary ammonium, amine and diamine surfactants, and a fatty acid.
• the compositions herein have a molar ratio of the anionic synthetic surfactant to the cosurfactant of at least 1 and are formulated to provide an initial pH of from about 6.0 to about 8.5 at a concentration of from about 0.1 % to about 2% by weight in water at 20°C.
• the compositions provide both superior greasy/oily soil removal and good builder/pH sensitive soil removal at the near-neutral wash pH.
• the compositions have a pH of from about 6.0 to 7.5.
• the present invention encompasses detergent compositions comprising:
• the detergent compositions herein contain an anionic synthetic surfactant, a cosurfactant selected from certain quaternary ammonium diquaternary ammonium, amine and diamine surfactants, and a fatty acid material.
• the compositions can be in any form, including granules, liquids, tablets or pastes. However, liquid compositions are highly preferred since the compositions herein are especially effective when applied directly to soils and stains in a pretreatment step.
• compositions herein must have a molar ratio of the anionic synthetic surfactant to the cosurfactant of at least one, preferably from about 2:1 to about 20:1, and are formulated to provide an initial pH of from about 6.0 to about 8.5 at a concentration of from about 0.1 % to about 2% by weight in water at 20°C. It has been found that the addition of the cosurfactant to the fatty acid containing detergents herein provides important greasy/oily soil removal benefits only at the near-neutral wash pH.
• the wash pH is preferably from about 7.0 to about 8.5, more preferably from about 7.5 to about 8.0.
• the cosurfactant and anionic surfactant herein form complexes which enhance packing of the surfactants at the oil/water interface, thereby lowering interfacial tension and improving detergency.
• the amine and diamine surfactants would be at least partially protonated at the near-neutral pH and thus can form charges species capable of complexing with the anionic surfactant).
• the fatty acid component exists in a chemical form which is optimal for effective detergency. At too low a pH, the non-dissociated form of the acid is ineffective. It is also believed that the higher pH's (i.e., above about 8.5) affect the interaction of the fatty acid with the cosurfactant and water hardness and result in the formation of undesirable species at the oil/water interface which reduce detergency performance.
• the detergent compositions herein contain from about 2% to about 60% by weight of an anionic synthetic surfactant, or mixtures thereof.
• the anionic surfactant preferably represents from about 5% to about 40%, and more preferably from about 10% to about 20%, by weight of the detergent composition.
• Anionic surfactants useful herein are disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,285,841, Barrat et al, issued August 25, 1981, and in U.S. Patent 3,919,678, Laughlin et al, issued December 30, 1975.
• Useful anionic surfactants include the water-soluble salts, particularly the alkali metal, ammonium and alkylolammonium (e.g., monoethanolammonium or triethanolammonium) salts, of organic sulfuric reaction products having in their molecular structure an alkyl group containing from about 10 to about 20 carbon atoms and a sulfonic acid or sulfuric acid ester group. (Included in the term “alkyl” is the alkyl portion of aryl groups).
• alkyl sulfates especially those obtained by sulfating the higher alcohols (C 8 -C, e carbon atoms) such as those produced by reducing the glycerides of tallow or coconut oil; and the alkylbenzene sulfonates in which the alkyl group contains from about 9 to about 15 carbon atoms, in straight chain or branched chain configuration, e.g., those of the type described in United States Patents 2,220,099 and 2,477,383.
• linear straight chain alkylbenzene sulfoantes in which the average number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group is from about 11 to 14.
• anionic surfactants herein are the water-soluble salts of: paraffin sulfonates containing from about 8 to about 24 (preferably about 12 to 18) carbon atoms; alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonates, especially those ethers of C s - 18 alcohols (e.g., those derived from tallow and coconut oil); alkyl phenol ethylene oxide ether sulfates containing from about 1 to about 4 units of ethylene oxide per molecule and from about 8 to about 12 carbon atoms in the alkyl group; and alkyl ethylene oxide ether sulfates containing about 1 to about 4 units of ethylene oxide per molecule and from about 10 to about 20 carbon atoms in the alkyl group.
• Other useful anionic surfactants herein include the water-soluble salts of esters of a-sulfonated fatty acids containing from about 6 to 20 carbon atoms in the fatty acid group and from about 1 to 10 carbon atoms in the ester group; water-soluble salts of 2 - acyloxy - alkane - 1 - sulfonic acids containing from about 2 to 9 carbon atoms in the acyl group and from about 9 to about 23 carbon atoms in the alkane moiety; water-soluble salts of olefin sulfonates containing from about 12 to 24 carbon atoms; and ⁇ -alkyloxy alkane sulfonates containing from about 1 to 3 carbon atoms in the alkyl group and from about 8 to 20 carbon atoms in the alkane moiety.
• Particularly preferred anionic surfactants herein are the alkyl sulfates of the formula wherein R is an alkyl chain having from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, saturated or unsaturated, and the longest linear portion of the alkyl chain is 15 carbon atoms or less on the average, M is a cation which makes the compound water-soluble, especially an alkali metal, ammonium or substituted ammonium cation, and x is from 0 to about 4.
• Most preferred are the non-ethoxylated C 12 - 15 primary and secondary alkyl sulfates. Under cold water washing conditions, i.e., less than about 65°F (18.3°C), it is preferred that there be a mixture of such alkyl sulfates.
• alkyl sulfates with the above-described alkylbenzene sulfonates, paraffin sulfonates, alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonates and esters of a a-sulfonated fatty acids, particularly with the C11-13 linear alkylbenzene sulfonates, are also preferred.
• compositions herein also contain from about 0.25% to about 12%, preferably from about 0.5% to about 8%, more preferably from about 1% to about 4%, by weight of a cosurfactant selected from the group of certain quaternary ammonium, diquaternary ammonium, amine and diamine surfactants.
• a cosurfactant selected from the group of certain quaternary ammonium, diquaternary ammonium, amine and diamine surfactants.
• the quaternary ammonium surfactants are particularly preferred.
• the quaternary ammonium surfactants herein are of the formula: wherein R 2 is an alkyl or alkyl benzyl group having from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain; each R 3 is selected from the group consisting of -CH 2 CH 2 -, -CH 2 CH(CH 3 )-, -CH 2 CH(CH 2 OH)-, -CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 -, and mixtures thereof; each R 4 is selected from the group consisting of C 1 - 4 alkyl, C 1 - 4 hydroxyalkyl, benzyl, ring structures formed by joining the two R 4 groups, wherein R 6 is any hexose or hexose polymer having a molecular weight less than about 1000, and hydrogen when y is not 0; R 5 is the same as R or is an alkyl chain wherein the total number of carbon atoms or R 2 plus R 5 is not more than about 18; each y is from 0 to about 10 and
• alkyl quaternary ammonium surfactants especially the mono-long chain alkyl surfactants described in the above formula when R 5 is selected from the same groups as R 4 .
• the most preferred quaternary ammonium surfactants are the chloride, bromide and methylsulfate C 8 - 16 alkyl trimethylammonium salts, C S - 16 alkyl di(hydroxyethyl)methylammonium salts, the C 8-16 alkyl hydroxyethyldimethylammonium salts, and C 8-16 alkyloxypropyl trimethylammonium salts.
• decyl trimethylammonium methylsulfate lauryl trimethylammonium chloride, myristyl trimethylammonium bromide and coconut trimethylammonium chloride and methylsulfate are particularly preferred.
• the C 8-10 alkyltrimethyl ammonium surfactants are particularly preferred since they have a lower Kraft boundary and, therefore, a lower crystallization temperature than the longer alkyl chain quaternary ammonium surfactants herein.
• Diquaternary ammonium surfactants herein are of the formula: wherein the R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , y and X substituents are as defined above for the quaternary ammonium surfactants. These substituents are also preferably selected to provide diquaternary ammonium surfactants corresponding to the preferred quaternary ammonium surfactants. Particularly preferred are the C 8-16 alkyl pentamethylethylenediammonium chloride, bromide and methylsulfate salts.
• Amine surfactants useful herein are of the formula: wherein the R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and y substituents are as defined above for the quaternary ammonium surfactants. Particularly preferred are the C 12 - 16 alkyl dimethyl amines.
• Diamine surfactants herein are of the formula: wherein the R Z , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and y substituents are as defined above. Preferred are the C 12 - 16 alkyl trimethylethylene diamines.
• compositions of the present invention contain from about 5% to about 40%, preferably from about 7% to about 30%, most preferably from about 10% to about 20%, by weight of a fatty acid containing from about 10 to about 22 carbon atoms.
• the fatty acid can also contain from about 1 to about 10 ethylene oxide units in the hydrocarbon chain.
• Suitable fatty acids are saturated and/or unsaturated and can be obtained from natural sources such as plant or animal esters (e.g., palm kernel oil, palm oil, coconut oil, babassu oil, safflower oil, tall oil, castor oil, tallow and fish oils, grease, and mixtures thereof) or synthetically prepared (e.g., via the oxidation of petroleum or by hydrogenation of carbon monooxide via the Fisher-Tropsch process).
• suitable saturated fatty acids for use in the compositions of this invention include capric, lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, arachidic and behenic acid.
• Suitable unsaturated fatty acid species include: palmitoleic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic and ricinoleic acid.
• preferred fatty acids are saturated C 10 -C 14 (coconut) fatty acids, from about 5:1 to 1:1 (preferably about 3:1) weight ratio mixtures of lauric and myristic acid, and mixtures of the above lauric/myristic blends with oleic acid at a weight ratio of about 4:1 to 1:4 mixed lauric/myristic:oleic.
• compositions of the present invention also preferably contain up to about 30%, preferably from about 1% to about 20%, more preferably from about 5% to about 15%, by weight of an ethoxylated nonionic surfactant.
• ethoxylated alcohols and ethoxylated alkyl phenols of the formula R(OC 2 H 4 ) n OH, wherein R is selected from the group consisting of aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals containing from about 8 to about 15 carbon atoms and alkyl phenyl radicals in which the alkyl groups contain from about 8 to about 12 carbon atoms, n is from about 3 to about 9, and said nonionic surfactant has an HLB (hydrophile- lipophile balance) value of from about 10 to about 13.
• HLB hydrophile- lipophile balance
• Particularly preferred are ethoxylated alcohols having an average of from about 10 to about 15 carbon atoms in the alcohol and an average degree of ethoxylation of from about 3 to about 8 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol.
• compositions herein also preferably contain up to about 40%, more preferably from about 1% to about 30%, by weight of a detergent builder material. While all manner of detergent builders known in the art can be used in the present compositions, the type and level of builder must be selected such that the final composition has an initial pH of from about 6.0 to about 8.5 at a concentration of from about 0.1 % to about 1 % by weight in water at 20°C. Detergent builders are described in U.S. Patent 4,321,165, Smith et al, issued March 23, 1982. In the preferred liquid detergent compositions herein, the builder preferably represents from about 1% to about 20%, more preferably from about 3% to about 10%, by weight of the composition. Preferred builders for use in liquid detergents herein are described in U.S. Patent 4,284,532, Leikhim et al, issued August 18, 1981. A particularly preferred builder is citric acid.
• liquid detergents herein are the neutralizing agents, buffering agents, phase regulants, hydrotropes, enzymes, enzyme stabilizing agents, polyacids, suds regulants, opacifiers, antioxidants, bactericides, dyes, perfumes, and brighteners described in the U.S. Patent 4,285,841, Barrat et al, issued August 25, 1981.
• Preferred neutralizing agents for use herein are organic bases, especially triethanolamine and monoethanolamine, which result in better detergency performance than inorganic bases such as sodium and potassium hydroxides.
• Particularly preferred compositions herein contain from about 0.1% to about 2% by weight of detersive enzymes, especially the amylases, proteases, and mixtures thereof, of the type well known to detergent formulators.
• Composition A a commercially available heavy-duty liquid detergent
• Composition B containing, by weight, 6.2% sodium C 13 linear alkylbenzene sulfonate, 9.4% sodium C 14 - 16 alkyl sulfate, 10.0% C, 2 - 13 alcohol polyethoxylate (6.5), 10.0% coconut fatty acid, 5.0% oleic fatty acid, 15.0% citric acid, 0.3% diethylenetriame pentamethylene phosphonic acid, 0.23% brightener, 1.0% protease enzyme, enough monoethanolamine to achieve the desired pH and the balance, to 100% water; Composition C, which was B plus 2.7% by weight of C 12 alkyl trimethylammonium chloride; or Composition D, which was B plus 2.7% by weight of C 12 - 16 alkyl dimethyl amine oxide.
• the wash pH was about 7.3 for Composition A and about 7.4 for B, C and D.
• the wash water temperature was 95°F (35°C) and the water hardness was 86 mg/l (5 grains/gallon) (3:1 Ca -+ :Mg + ++ ).
• the swatches were then dried and each set was round robin comparison graded against its counterparts to determine relative soil removal provided by the detergent compositions.
• a grading scale of -4 to 4 was used, with -4 indicating much less soil removal, 0 indicating no difference and 4 indicating much more soil removal.
• the results for each composition were then averaged and Composition A was assigned a relative value of 0.
• composition C of the present invention containing quaternary ammonium cosurfactant, provides important advantages on greasy/oil soils and also on grass and clay (on PC) relative to Composition B at wash pH's of 7.4. However, these advantages are substantially eliminated at wash pH's of 9.5.
• the present invention also encompasses a method for laundering fabrics comprising contacting said fabrics with an aqueous solution having a pH of from about 6.0 to about 8.5 at 20°C and containing at least about 0.1% by weight of the compositions herein.
• Liquid detergent compositions of the present invention are as follows.
• Composition A was prepared by adding the components, with continuous mixing, in the following order: alcohol polyethoxylate; monoethanolamine; premix of coconutalkyl sulfuric acid paste (containing propanediol, triethanolamine, coconutalkyl sulfuric acid, water and minors) and monoethanolamine- neutralized alkylbenzene sulfonic acid; premix of toluene sulfonate and water; citric acid; alkyl trimethylammonium chloride; premix of fatty acids; phosphonic acid; acetic acid; premix of dye, brightener, formate, ethanol and water; adjust pH to about 8.1 with monoethanolamine or water; protease enzyme; amylase enzyme; and perfume.
• the product obtained was a clear liquid.
• Composition B was obtained by mixing the components.
• compositions of the present invention are obtained when the alkyl trimethylammonium halides in the above compositions are replaced with coconutalkyl trimethylammonium chloride, decyl trimethylammonium methylsulfate, lauryl di(hydroxyethyl) methylammonium chloride, decyloxypropyl trimethylammonium chloride, lauryl pentamethylethylenediammonium chloride, lauryl diethanolamine or coconutalkyl trimethylethylene diamine.
• compositions herein are obtained when, in the above compositions, the C 13 linear alkylbenzene sulfonic acid is replaced with coconutalkyl sulfuric acid or C 14 - 15 alkyl sulfuric acid, and when the coconutalkyl sulfuric acid is replaced with C 14 - 15 alkyl ethoxy (1 avg) sulfuric acid.
• compositions of the present invention are also obtained when the lauric/myristic/oleic fatty acid mixture in the above compositions is replaced with coconut fatty acid or a 3:1 weight ratio mixture of lauric and myristic acid.
• Granular detergents of the present invention can be obtained by spray-drying the above compositions and admixing heat-sensitive materials such as the enzymes.

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• 1983
  • 1983-05-16 EP EP83200688A patent/EP0095205B1/en not_active Expired
  • 1983-05-16 DE DE8383200688T patent/DE3366958D1/de not_active Expired
  • 1983-05-16 AT AT83200688T patent/ATE22920T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1983-05-17 GR GR71374A patent/GR78820B/el unknown
  • 1983-05-20 CA CA000428642A patent/CA1208519A/en not_active Expired
  • 1983-05-23 MX MX197392A patent/MX162610A/es unknown
  • 1983-05-23 IE IE1206/83A patent/IE55427B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1983-05-23 FI FI831832A patent/FI73727C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1983-05-23 AU AU14888/83A patent/AU559791B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 1983-05-24 JP JP58090149A patent/JPS5925894A/ja active Granted

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