EP0093612B1 - Procédé pour la fabrication d'un échangeur de chaleur tubulaire - Google Patents

Procédé pour la fabrication d'un échangeur de chaleur tubulaire Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0093612B1
EP0093612B1 EP83302479A EP83302479A EP0093612B1 EP 0093612 B1 EP0093612 B1 EP 0093612B1 EP 83302479 A EP83302479 A EP 83302479A EP 83302479 A EP83302479 A EP 83302479A EP 0093612 B1 EP0093612 B1 EP 0093612B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tubes
refractory
weight
parts
assembly
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Expired
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EP83302479A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0093612A1 (fr
Inventor
Douglas Harold Wakefield
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Corning Ltd
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Corning Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/04—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates
    • F28F9/16—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling
    • F28F9/162—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling by using bonding or sealing substances, e.g. adhesives
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/006—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of glass
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/04—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of ceramic; of concrete; of natural stone

Definitions

  • This invention relates to tube heat exchangers, and more particularly to a method for the production of a tube heat exchanger unit, which comprises arranging glass tubes in a stack in which they are positioned in holes of a pair of opposed plates spaced apart by a distance corresponding substantially to the length of said unit, the tubes being sufficiently out of contact with each other to permit free flow of gas at elevated temperatures therebetween, which unit is for seating in a housing having an inlet and an outlet for said gas to travel across the stack of tubes and an inlet and an outlet for a liquid or gaseous medium to be passed through the tubes.
  • Tube heat exchangers of the aforementioned type may either be gas/liquid heat exchangers in which liquid is passed through the tubes and a gas travels across the stack of tubes, i.e. externally of the tubes themselves, or a gas/gas heat exchanger in which a first gas passes through the tubes, and a second gas travels across the stack of tubes.
  • gas/gas heat exchangers it is common practice for the tubes to be formed of a borosilicate glass which is able to withstand temperatures of up to about 500°C. In practice, however, the gases employed generally have to exist at considerably lower temperatures, generally not more than about 230°C.
  • GB-A-2 009 914 proposes the provision of a layer of acid and heat resistant material such as mineral wool or glass wool to allow the resin to be protected from such harmful gases. Such measures complicate the construction of the heat exchangers.
  • a procedure for joining elements of silicon carbide which is described in GB-A-2022490 and which is applicable to the production of heat exchangers, although no mention of tube heat exchangers is made therein, comprises subjecting to non-oxidising atmosphere and sufficiently high temperature material placed in space between the elements.
  • This material comprises silicon carbide particles, carbon and/or a precursor of carbon and free silicon which may be present externally or in the silicon carbide elements and under the aforesaid condition a joint joining together the elements is formed by reaction of the materials present in the joint.
  • GB-A-1552201 in which the tubes are arranged in a stack in which they are positioned in holes in a pair of opposed plates which are associated with non wetting sidewalls to form - moulds in which the silicone resin is placed and dried before removing the side walls.
  • FR-A-2356494 additionally provides for the tubes to be positioned in holes of preformed boards.
  • a method for the production of a tube heat exchanger unit which comprises arranging glass tubes in a stack in which they are positioned in holes of a pair of opposed plates spaced apart by a distance corresponding substantially to the length of said unit, the tubes being sufficiently out of contact with each other to permit free flow of gas at elevated temperatures therebetween, which unit is for seating in a housing having an inlet and an outlet for said gas to travel across the stack of tubes and an inlet and an outlet for a liquid or gaseous medium to be passed through the tubes, wherein moulds formed of non-wetting sidewalls are first attached to substantially horizontal pivotable support means at positions spaced apart at a distance approximating to the length of said unit, preformed refractory boards having aligned openings for said tubes are positioned in said moulds as bottoms therefor, the glass tubes are inserted through the openings in said boards, the support means is tilted and while retaining the tubes in said boards air drying and curing refractory cement is applied to the uppermost
  • the tubes of the heat exchanger unit produced by the method of the invention will generally be formed of glass, more particularly borosilicate glass for which there are available appropriate fibre-containing refractory pastes, hereintermed fibrous refractory pastes, which can be set therearound. Moreover, there are also available fibrous refractory pastes (and pastes formed therefrom) which are capable of withstanding temperatures about 1000°C and which therefore enable the use of glass ceramic tubes likewise capable of withstanding such temperatures to take place so that gas/gas heat exchange can take place at temperatures of up to about 1000°C.
  • the fibrous refractory pastes which are commercially available are formed by mixing refractory fibres with an inorganic binder which is air curing and has the ability to wet glass or glass ceramic material and the tubular heat exchanger may be produced in simple manner by holding the tubes in the required disposition in holes in preformed refractory boards which are also capable of withstanding the high temperatures which the tubes can withstand.
  • Fibrous refractory pastes employed in the practice of the present invention will generally contain ceramic fibres in a ceramic matrix. Such material is corrosion resistant to for example sulphurous gases such as may be present in waste gases from combustion plant. Moreover because of the composition thereof, the plates formed from the fibrous refractory paste will be relatively flexible about the tubes but perhaps less flexible than a silicone resin seal. Nevertheless thermal stressing is not generally a significant problem because the set paste, more especially its fibres, and the tubes which pass through the plates will have similar coefficients of expansion.
  • the operating temperature of a tube heat exchanger unit according to the invention irrespective of the material of the tubes, will depend upon the constitution of the cast fibrous refractory paste and more particularly the refractory fibre content thereof.
  • the refractory fibres contain alumina and silica as their major constituent and it is the proportion of these components which determines primarily the temperature range within which the cast pastes can be employed.
  • alumina in general, there will be employed 30 to 70 parts by weight of alumina, 70 to 30 parts by weight of silica and minor amounts of titania (up to about 2 parts by weight), iron oxide (up to about 1.3 parts by weight), calcium oxide/magnesium oxide (about 0.2 parts by weight), alkali metal oxides (up to about 0.6 parts by weight expressed as Na 2 0) and trace quantities of boric oxide.
  • the cement composition may be one of the air setting ceramic fibre and inert binder based compositions commercially available in the United Kingdom under the name "Mackechnie Pre-mix".
  • a composition of such type which is commercially available has a maximum continuous working temperature of 1260°C and for this purpose contains ceramic fibres having the following composition:
  • This material is a homogeneous fibrous refractory paste which can be trowelled or hand moulded and will readily adhere to most surfaces with the exception of polyethylene film. Moulded bodies of this pre-mix will air dry to leave a product having low drying shrinkage and highly resistant to thermal shock.
  • a plurality of borosilicate glass tubes 1 arranged in a regular rectangular array are set in end tube plates 2 and 3 respectively.
  • These tube plates are a composite formed of cast fibrous refractory paste 4, namely Mackechnie Pre-mix, and preformed inner and outer refractory boards 5 and 6 respectively, as aforementioned.
  • the assembly which has been constructed is horizontally disposed as shown.
  • Refractory boards 5 are inserted into each end frame 11 and held in place by means of grid frame support 14.
  • An end plate 15A is attached to one end framework. Tubes 1 are passed through holes in the refractory boards 5 with their leading ends coming to terminate at or adjacent the end plate 15A.
  • the assembly is then tilted to an angle of approximately 45° to the horizontal with end plate 15A being at the lowermost position of the assembly.
  • Refractory paste 4 is then applied to the upperface of the refractory board 5 remote from the end plate 15A.
  • refractory cement is by injection so as to cover the face of the refractory board 5 and occupy the spaces between tubes 1 completely.
  • An outer refractory board 6 is then placed over the ends of the tubes 1 so as to make contact with the thick layer of refractory paste which has been formed to form as a sandwich out of the opposed faces of which the tubes 1 project.
  • An outer grid frame 16 is fitted over the upper ends of the tubes 1, entering into engagement with recesses in the upper framework to keep the outer board 6 in position in contact with the refractory cement 4.
  • An end plate 15B is then fitted to the end of the assembly to which the outer board 6 has just been applied.
  • the assembly is then tilted through 90° so that it is again inclined at 45° to the horizontal but with the end plate 15B representing the lowest part thereof.
  • the end plate 15A is then removed to present the other end of the assembly uppermost for application of refractory cement to the other inner board 5 in a repetition of the aforementioned procedure followed by fitting of an outer refractory board and attachment of an outer grid frame.
  • the assembly is then returned to the horizontal position and is detached from the central pivot 13. Air curing of the refractory cement is then effected. This will generally take place by placing the assembly in a drying oven where it is maintained for three hours at a temperature of about 200°C. The assembly is then cooled, and all of the framework and the end plates are removed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Claims (7)

1. Procédé de fabrication d'une unité échangeuse de chaleur tubulaire, dans lequel on dispose des tubes de verre (1) en un faisceau dans lequel ils sont positionnés dans des trous d'une paire des plaques opposées (2, 3) espacées d'une distance qui correspond approximativement à la longueur de ladite unité, les tubes étant suffisamment écartés les uns des autres pour mermettre le libre passage d'un gaz à des températures élevées entre ces tubes, laquelle unité est destinée à être montée dans un corps possédant une entrée et une sortie pour ledit gaz qu'il s'agit de faire circuler à travers le faisceau de tubes, et une entrée et une sortie pour un milieu liquide ou gazeux qu'il s'agit de faire passer dans les tubes, dans lequel on fixe tout d'abord des moules formés de parois latérales (11) non mouillables à des moyens supports à peu près horizontaux (12, 13) qu'on peut faire pivoter dans des positions espacées d'une distance approximativement égale à la longueur de ladite unité, on positionne des panneaux réfractaires préformés (5) présentant des ouvertures alignées pour recevoir lesdits tubes, dans lesdits moules, pour constituer les fonds de ces moules, on enfile les tubes de verre (1) à travers les ouvertures desdits panneaux, on bascule les moyens supports (12, 13) et, tout en retenant les tubes dans lesdits panneaux, on dépose un ciment réfractaire séchant et durcissant à l'air (4) sur la surface du panneau réfractaire extrême supérieur de l'ensemble ainsi produit, on recouvre le ciment réfractaire d'un autre panneau réfractaire (6), que l'on enfile sur les extrémités des tubes qui se trouvent dans cette région, on bascule l'ensemble dans une disposition opposée et, en même temps qu'on retient les tubes (1) dans lesdits panneaux (5, 6), on dépose un ciment réfractaire séchant et prenant à l'air (4) sur la surface du panneau qui est maintenant supérieure avant de le recouvrir d'un autre panneau réfractaire (6) enfilé sur les extrémités des tubes qui se trouvent dans cette région, on ramène l'ensemble à une disposition à peu près horizontale et on fait sécher et prendre le ciment à l'air.
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le basculement des moyens supports (12, 13) place l'ensemble dans une position inclinée d'un angle d'environ 45° sur l'horizontale.
3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que les parois latérales non mouillables (11) sont formées ou doublées de polyéthylène.
4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les tubes (1) sont formés de verre de borosilicate.
5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que les tubes (1° sont formés d'une matière céramique vitreuse et en ce que la pâte réfractaire fibreuse (4) est capable de résister à des températures supérieures à 1.000°C, sans qu'il ne se produise de défaillance des -plaques.
6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la pâte réfractaire contient des fibres réfractaires composées de:
Figure imgb0005
jusqu'à 0,6 partie en poids d'oxyde de métaux alcalins, et
des traces d'oxyde borique.
7. Procédé selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que les fibres réfractaires sone composés de:
Figure imgb0006
EP83302479A 1982-05-04 1983-05-03 Procédé pour la fabrication d'un échangeur de chaleur tubulaire Expired EP0093612B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8212860 1982-05-04
GB8212860 1982-05-04

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0093612A1 EP0093612A1 (fr) 1983-11-09
EP0093612B1 true EP0093612B1 (fr) 1986-09-10

Family

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EP83302479A Expired EP0093612B1 (fr) 1982-05-04 1983-05-03 Procédé pour la fabrication d'un échangeur de chaleur tubulaire

Country Status (5)

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EP (1) EP0093612B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS58213197A (fr)
AU (1) AU1419083A (fr)
DE (1) DE3365996D1 (fr)
ES (1) ES8404048A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NZ213944A (en) * 1984-11-05 1988-02-12 Sunbeam Plastics Corp Screw-threaded closure-container assembly
US6712131B1 (en) 1998-03-12 2004-03-30 Nederlandse Organisatie Voor Toegepast - Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek Tno Method for producing an exchanger and exchanger
EP0941759A1 (fr) 1998-03-12 1999-09-15 Nederlandse Organisatie Voor Toegepast-Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek Tno Echangeur et son procédé de fabrication
DE102018001548A1 (de) * 2018-02-28 2019-08-29 Sgl Carbon Se Rohrbündelwärmeaustauscher sowie Rohrboden und Verfahren zum Abdichten desselben

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2009914A (en) * 1977-12-06 1979-06-20 Froehlich Air Ag Tubular heat exchanger
GB1552201A (en) * 1975-03-21 1979-09-12 Froehlich Air Ag Tubular heat exchanger and process for its manufacture

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3266129A (en) * 1961-11-03 1966-08-16 Frohlich Franklin Method of constructing heat exchangers
US3251403A (en) * 1962-01-05 1966-05-17 Corning Glass Works Ceramic heat exchanger structures
FR1397694A (fr) * 1964-05-29 1965-04-30 Lloyd Roach Engineering échangeur de chaleur
US3422884A (en) * 1966-12-28 1969-01-21 Baldwin Lima Hamilton Corp Condenser tube bundles
US3506249A (en) * 1969-03-03 1970-04-14 New Jersey Zinc Co Structure and method for heating corrosive fluids
US4122894A (en) * 1974-05-13 1978-10-31 British Steel Corporation Tube mounting means for a ceramic recuperator
DE2440535A1 (de) * 1974-08-23 1976-03-04 Qvf Glastech Gmbh Roehrenwaermeaustauscher mit elastisch abgedichteten rohren
FR2356494A1 (fr) * 1976-06-30 1978-01-27 Bretagne Atel Chantiers Echangeur de chaleur a faisceau tubulaire et procede de fabrication d'un tel echangeur
US4130160A (en) * 1976-09-27 1978-12-19 Gte Sylvania Incorporated Composite ceramic cellular structure and heat recuperative apparatus incorporating same
JPS553384A (en) * 1978-06-09 1980-01-11 Norton Co Method of adhering siliconndenatured silicon carbide element

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1552201A (en) * 1975-03-21 1979-09-12 Froehlich Air Ag Tubular heat exchanger and process for its manufacture
GB2009914A (en) * 1977-12-06 1979-06-20 Froehlich Air Ag Tubular heat exchanger

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Publication number Publication date
DE3365996D1 (en) 1986-10-16
ES522577A0 (es) 1984-04-16
JPS58213197A (ja) 1983-12-12
EP0093612A1 (fr) 1983-11-09
AU1419083A (en) 1983-11-10
ES8404048A1 (es) 1984-04-16

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