EP0093052B1 - Paper or cardboard for offset printing - Google Patents
Paper or cardboard for offset printing Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0093052B1 EP0093052B1 EP83400796A EP83400796A EP0093052B1 EP 0093052 B1 EP0093052 B1 EP 0093052B1 EP 83400796 A EP83400796 A EP 83400796A EP 83400796 A EP83400796 A EP 83400796A EP 0093052 B1 EP0093052 B1 EP 0093052B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- paper
- drying
- offset printing
- cardboard
- water content
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000007645 offset printing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 239000011111 cardboard Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000011087 paperboard Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 109
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000003490 calendering Methods 0.000 description 20
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 19
- 208000002352 blister Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010981 drying operation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 satin white Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21G—CALENDERS; ACCESSORIES FOR PAPER-MAKING MACHINES
- D21G9/00—Other accessories for paper-making machines
- D21G9/009—Apparatus for glaze-coating paper webs
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
- D21F5/00—Dryer section of machines for making continuous webs of paper
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H25/00—After-treatment of paper not provided for in groups D21H17/00 - D21H23/00
- D21H25/04—Physical treatment, e.g. heating, irradiating
Definitions
- the present invention relates to paper or cardboard based on cellulosic fibers and more particularly to a new process for manufacturing paper or cardboard having good suitability for offset printing and in particular for rotary offset printing, also referred to as web offset.
- the invention also relates to a device for implementing the method as well as the paper or cardboard (to simplify only the term paper will be used later) obtained by the implementation of said method.
- Offset printing and in particular rotary offset printing is one of the most current printing methods and one of those which knows the highest percentage of increase. This is why we are trying to manufacture papers suitable for rotary offset printing, of increasingly varied types, with very different grammages, and with matt or glossy aspects, and in the latter case glossy higher and higher.
- Papers suitable for offset printing are coated papers, that is to say papers coated on one or both sides, using a composition containing pigments and binders. After coating, the papers are dried to a determined water content, for example of the order of 6% by weight relative to the weight of the paper for papers of low grammages, that is to say less than 100 g / m 2 . This drying takes place before any calendering.
- This water content is determined in particular by the destination of the paper, namely rotary offset printing or offset format printing.
- the printed paper is dried quickly, in order to evaporate the volatile materials contained in the inks and to harden them.
- this rapid drying carried out by passing through an oven brought to a temperature generally higher than 200 ° C., the paper is brought to a temperature higher than 100 ° C. and the water which it contains tends to evaporate. Evaporation is however more or less blocked by the coating layers and especially by the inks used for this type of printing because the water vapor is trapped by these layers; blisters are formed there and the paper can even burst.
- the printed paper is then unusable.
- the paper intended for offset format printing has the same water content as that of paper intended for rotary offset printing, that is to say a limited water content, not essential for printing. offset format. This is a significant amount of energy wasted.
- the low water content of the papers before calendering is unfavorable for obtaining a paper with a very shiny appearance.
- This brilliance is due to several factors.
- a first factor is the coating composition used, which comprises mineral pigments such as kaolin, satin white, calcium carbonate, having grain sizes and suitable shapes.
- a second factor to influence the gloss of the papers is the calendering which by the action of pressure and temperature provides a good smoothness to the papers, smoothness which is accompanied by a gloss.
- a higher gloss can only be obtained by taking into account a third factor which is the water content of the papers before calendering.
- Water contents of less than 6% before calendering allow only a low gloss, that is to say of the order of 50, value measured with the GARDNER device, which measures the flux as a percentage luminous reflected after projection on the paper of an incident luminous flux of value 100, at an angle of incidence of 75 degrees.
- German patent publication DE-A-2 147 912 describes various treatments of a paper tape and in particular several successive calendering and drying independently of any coating.
- the invention overcomes the aforementioned drawbacks and proposes a new process for the production of paper (or cardboard) which makes them suitable for offset printing both in rotary offset printing and in offset format printing, a process which saves money. energy and which is applicable to matt papers as well as to glossy and very glossy papers.
- the first drying before calendering, is a limited drying which leaves the paper with a water content greater than about 6% by weight and of the order of 7%, a content which makes it possible to obtain, if necessary, a very shiny paper.
- this limited drying is generally sufficient for a paper intended for offset format printing.
- the second drying according to the invention located after any calendering, that is to say after the paper has passed over the last pressing roller, has the aim of reducing the water content of the paper to the desired value, ie that is, the determined value from which there is no risk of blistering or bursting of the paper during the rotary offset printing process.
- said determined value of the water content is approximately 5 g / m 2 . This value can be higher for more porous paper and lower for less porous paper.
- the second drying is applied only to part of the ribbon, for example the part intended for rotary offset printing.
- the second drying is carried out after slitting and advantageously at the slitting station itself, just after cutting the paper tape into several widths to form spools which can have different destinations, namely spools for rotary offset printing. and reels for offset format printing. In these cases, this second drying is carried out only on specific webs, in particular those intended for rotary offset printing.
- the first drying situated after coating and before calendering can be carried out in a conventional manner by passing, for example, ribbon coated over heated cylinders.
- the second drying in accordance with the invention after possible calendering, can be carried out for example by radiation such as infrared radiation, or using a microwave device or by conduction, for example by passing the part of the paper tape to be dried on at least one heated cylinder, or by convection by passage through a hot air oven or by other known heating means.
- the invention applies to all coated papers capable of blistering at the time of rotary offset printing, whether they are matt or glossy. It is particularly applicable to glossy coated papers which generally have several coating layers and especially to papers having grammages greater than 100 g / m 2 .
- the invention is particularly applicable to glossy coated papers intended for rotary offset printing in which the papers are covered by inks on their two faces and / or by several layers of these inks, that is to say papers which after printing are very slightly permeable to water vapor.
- the invention also relates to a device for implementing the method.
- This device further comprises conventional drying means after coating, arranged before the calender or the similar treatment device, additional drying means arranged after this calender, that is to say after the last pressure roller, and preferably mounted on the slitter, just after cutting the coated and possibly calendered paper tape, which has been transformed into several widths to form spools for rotary offset printing and possibly into other widths to form spools for printing format offset printing.
- These heating means can be arranged only above and / or below the ribbons forming the spools intended for rotary offset printing.
- these heating means can be formed of at least one infrared ramp arranged near the passage of the strip of paper to be dried. It can also be a microwave heating device. In a variant, these heating means consist essentially of at least one heated metal cylinder on which the strip of paper to be dried is applied at the time of its passage. In another variant, these heating means consist of a hot air oven or oven through which the paper to be dried passes.
- a coated paper with a grammage of 110 g / M 2 is prepared in a conventional manner, by pouring an aqueous composition containing cellulosic fibers, then after drying and coating of the two faces of the cellulosic layer formed using a coating composition known for offset printing, capable of providing a very shiny paper, the paper is dried after coating by passing over heated rollers. The coated paper is then subjected to sizing while it still contains about 7% of its weight in water. Calendering is carried out at a temperature of approximately 50 ° C and under a linear pressure of approximately 150 kg per centimeter. After calendering, the water content is slightly more than 6% by weight and the paper tape has a gloss of 70 measured using the GARDNER device.
- the paper ribbon which is 3.70 m wide, is then split to form 3 ribbons of 1 m wide which are spooled for rotary offset printing and a ribbon 0.65 cm wide than the 'reel for offset format printing.
- the first three reels are used for rotary offset printing.
- the paper After printing, the paper has many blisters in different places, in particular those corresponding to the printing of several layers of ink and this on each of the two sides of the paper.
- a paper for offset printing of the same grammage as in Example 1 is produced by operating in the same way, except that the calendering is carried out on a paper with low water content, of the order of 4.5% by weight. .
- the paper At the outlet of the calendering machine, the paper has a water content of the order of 4% and a gloss which, measured as above, only reaches the value of approximately 50.
- the paper is used after slitting for rotary offset printing. After printing, which is carried out under the same conditions, in particular speed, as in Example 1, the printed paper does not show blistering.
- the paper obtained is wound up. Used for rotary offset printing, it does not exhibit, after having been printed, the defects of the printed paper of Example 1.
- the very glossy printed paper is free from blisters or bursts, even in the places corresponding to several layers of ink, on the same side of the paper or even on both sides.
- a paper for offset printing is manufactured as in Example 3, except that the second drying of the only webs intended for rotary offset printing is carried out by passing at a speed of the order of 600 m / min in an oven d '' a length of approximately 8 meters, with hot air brought to approximately 210 ° C and circulating at a speed of the order of 40 m / s.
- This drying has the effect of reducing the water content to a value of approximately 4.4% by weight, which corresponds to approximately 4.85 g of water per m 2 of paper.
- the printed paper does not have any defects such as blistering or bursting.
- a coated paper for offset printing with a grammage of 135 is produced in the same way as in Example 1.
- the paper Before calendering, the paper has a water content of approximately 6.5%, which decreases to 6%. after calendering.
- the paper obtained, very shiny, is split as above and undergoes rapid drying by contact on a metal cylinder heated to approximately 250 ° C. until its water content is approximately 3.5% by weight of paper, which corresponds to approximately 4.7 g of water per m 2 of paper.
- the dried paper is wound up. It is then used for rotary offset printing under the same conditions as above.
- the printed paper is free from defects such as blistering or bursting.
- a matt coated paper is produced for offset printing with a grammage of 135 by pouring an aqueous composition containing cellulose fibers, then after drying, coating of the two faces of the cellulosic layer formed using a coating layer known for offset printing and likely to provide matte paper. After coating, the entire paper tape is dried to a water content of approximately 7%, by passing the tape over heated rollers. The ribbon is then wound up and the spool split (or the ribbon is split directly) in several widths. After slitting, only the webs intended for rotary offset printing pass through an oven heated to approximately 200 ° C. and their water content decreases to a value of approximately 5% by weight of the paper. The dried paper is wound up. It is then used for rotary offset printing under the same conditions as above. After printing, the paper is free from defects such as blisters or bursts.
Landscapes
- Paper (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Tires In General (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La présente invention concerne les papiers ou cartons à base de fibres cellulosiques et plus particulièrement un nouveau procédé de fabrication de papiers ou cartons ayant une bonne aptitude à l'impression offset et notamment à l'impression offset rotative désignée encore par offset à bobine.The present invention relates to paper or cardboard based on cellulosic fibers and more particularly to a new process for manufacturing paper or cardboard having good suitability for offset printing and in particular for rotary offset printing, also referred to as web offset.
L'invention concerne également un dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé ainsi que les papiers ou cartons (pour simplifier seul le terme de papier sera utilisé par la suite) obtenus par la mise en oeuvre dudit procédé.The invention also relates to a device for implementing the method as well as the paper or cardboard (to simplify only the term paper will be used later) obtained by the implementation of said method.
L'impression offset et notamment l'impression offset rotative est une des méthodes d'impression les plus actuelles et une de celles qui connait le pourcentage d'accroîssement le plus élevé. C'est pour-quoi on cherche à fabriquer des papiers aptes à l'impression offset rotative, de types de plus en plus variés, avec des grammages des plus différents, et avec des aspects mats ou brillants, et dans ce dernier cas des brillants de plus en plus élevés.Offset printing and in particular rotary offset printing is one of the most current printing methods and one of those which knows the highest percentage of increase. This is why we are trying to manufacture papers suitable for rotary offset printing, of increasingly varied types, with very different grammages, and with matt or glossy aspects, and in the latter case glossy higher and higher.
Les papiers aptes à l'impression offset sont des papiers couchés, c'est-à-dire des papiers enduits sur une ou leurs deux faces, à l'aide d'une composition contenant des pigments et des liants. Après couchage, les papiers sont séchés jusqu'à une teneur en eau déterminée, per exemple de l'ordre de 6% en poids par rapport au poids du papier pour des papiers de grammages peu élevés, c'est-à-dire inférieurs à 100 g/m2. Ce séchage a lieu avant le calandrage éventuel.Papers suitable for offset printing are coated papers, that is to say papers coated on one or both sides, using a composition containing pigments and binders. After coating, the papers are dried to a determined water content, for example of the order of 6% by weight relative to the weight of the paper for papers of low grammages, that is to say less than 100 g / m 2 . This drying takes place before any calendering.
Cette teneur en eau est déterminée notamment par la destination du papier, à savoir l'impression offset rotative ou l'impression offset format.This water content is determined in particular by the destination of the paper, namely rotary offset printing or offset format printing.
En effet, lors de l'impression offset rotative et après passage dans les presses, le papier imprimé est séché rapidement, afin d'évaporer les matières volatiles contenues dans les encres et de durcir celles-ci. Lors de ce séchage rapide, effectué par passage dans un four porté à une température généralement supérieure à 200°C, le papier est porté à une température supérieure à 100°C et l'eau qu'il contient a tendance à s'évaporer. L'évaporation est cependant plus ou moins bloquée par les couches de couchage et surtout par les encres utilisées pour ce type d'impression car la vapeur d'eau est emprisonnée par ces couches; il s'y forme des cloques et le papier peut même éclater. Le papier imprimé est alors inutilisable. Ces incidents se produisent essentiellement lorsque la teneur en eau du papier est assez élevée et surtout lorsqu'il s'agit de papiers revêtus de plusieurs couches de couchage et de papiers de grammages élevés: on a remarqué par exemple qu'ils apparaissent pour une quantité d'eau supérieure à environ 5 grammes d'eau par m2 de papier pour une porosité d'environ 120 secondes. Cette porosité est mesurée par l'appareil BEKK qui mesure la durée du passage de 10 cm3 d'air à travers 1 cm2 de papier sous une dépression de 0,5 atmosphère. Bien entendu pour un papier plus poreux, c'est-à-dire d'une porosité inférieure à 120 secondes, ces incidents risquent de se produire pour des teneurs en eau supérieures à 5 grammes par m2 de papier. A l'opposé pour un papier moins poreux, une plus faible teneur en eau peut être la cause des incidents cités.Indeed, during rotary offset printing and after passing through the presses, the printed paper is dried quickly, in order to evaporate the volatile materials contained in the inks and to harden them. During this rapid drying, carried out by passing through an oven brought to a temperature generally higher than 200 ° C., the paper is brought to a temperature higher than 100 ° C. and the water which it contains tends to evaporate. Evaporation is however more or less blocked by the coating layers and especially by the inks used for this type of printing because the water vapor is trapped by these layers; blisters are formed there and the paper can even burst. The printed paper is then unusable. These incidents occur mainly when the water content of the paper is high enough and especially when it is about papers coated with several coating layers and papers of high grammage: we noticed for example that they appear for a quantity of water greater than approximately 5 grams of water per m 2 of paper for a porosity of approximately 120 seconds. This porosity is measured by the BEKK device which measures the duration of the passage of 10 cm 3 of air through 1 cm 2 of paper under a vacuum of 0.5 atmosphere. Of course for a more porous paper, that is to say with a porosity of less than 120 seconds, these incidents may occur for water contents greater than 5 grams per m 2 of paper. In contrast to a less porous paper, a lower water content can be the cause of the incidents cited.
Dans le cas de l'impression offset format, le séchage après impression est généralement plus long et s'effectue sans apport important de calories et des cloquages ou éclatements du papier ne se produisant pas.In the case of offset format printing, the drying after printing is generally longer and is carried out without significant contribution of calories and blistering or bursting of the paper not occurring.
On a donc été amené, pour éviter tout risque de cloquage, à sécher suffisamment le papier après couchage et avant le calandrage éventuel, c'est-à-dire à sécher jusqu'à une faible teneur en eau, compatible à l'impression offset rotative.In order to avoid any risk of blistering, it was therefore necessary to dry the paper sufficiently after coating and before any calendering, that is to say to dry to a low water content, compatible with offset printing. rotary.
Ce séchage important montre plusieurs inconvénients.This significant drying shows several drawbacks.
Il s'applique à l'ensemble d'un ruban de papier qui peut avoir plusieurs destinations pour lesquelles le degré de séchage nécessaire peut varier. En effet, il est courant de former au poste de refendage, à partir d'une bobine de papier de grande largeur ou laize, plusieurs bobines de laizes inférieures. On peut ainsi par exemple former à partir d'une bobine de 3,70 m de laize, trois bobines de 1 m de laize destinées à l'impression offset rotative et une bobine de 65 cm de laize destinée à l'impression offset format.It applies to the whole of a paper tape which can have several destinations for which the required degree of drying can vary. Indeed, it is common to form at the slitting station, from a reel of paper of great width or width, several coils of lower widths. It is thus possible, for example, to form from a reel of 3.70 m in width, three reels of 1 m in width intended for rotary offset printing and a spool of 65 cm in width intended for offset format printing.
Dans ce cas, le papier destiné à l'impression offset format présente la même teneur en eau que celle du papier destiné à l'impression offset rotative, c'est-à-dire une teneur en eau limitée, non indispensable pour l'impression offset format. On gaspille ainsi une quantité d'énergie non négligeable.In this case, the paper intended for offset format printing has the same water content as that of paper intended for rotary offset printing, that is to say a limited water content, not essential for printing. offset format. This is a significant amount of energy wasted.
En outre, la faible teneur en eau des papiers avant un calandrage est défavorable pour l'obtention d'un papier d'aspect très brillant. Ce brillant est dû à plusieurs facteurs. Un premier facteur est la composition de couchage utilisée qui comprend des pigments minéraux tels le kaolin, le blanc satin, le carbonate de calcium, présentant des granulométries et des formes adaptées. Un second facteur à influer sur le brillant des papiers est le calandrage qui par action de la pression et de la température fournit un bon lissé aux papiers, lissé qui s'accompagne d'un brillant. Néanmoins, un brillant supérieur ne peut être obtenu qu'en tenant compte d'un troisième facteur qui est la teneur en eau des papiers avant le calandrage. Des teneurs en eau inférieures à 6% avant calandrage ne permettent d'obtenir qu'un brillant faible, c'est-à-dire de l'ordre de 50, valeur mesurée avec l'appareil de GARDNER, qui mesure en pourcentage le flux lumineux réfléchi après projection sur le papier d'un flux lumineux incident de valeur 100, sous un angle d'incidence de 75 degrés.In addition, the low water content of the papers before calendering is unfavorable for obtaining a paper with a very shiny appearance. This brilliance is due to several factors. A first factor is the coating composition used, which comprises mineral pigments such as kaolin, satin white, calcium carbonate, having grain sizes and suitable shapes. A second factor to influence the gloss of the papers is the calendering which by the action of pressure and temperature provides a good smoothness to the papers, smoothness which is accompanied by a gloss. However, a higher gloss can only be obtained by taking into account a third factor which is the water content of the papers before calendering. Water contents of less than 6% before calendering allow only a low gloss, that is to say of the order of 50, value measured with the GARDNER device, which measures the flux as a percentage luminous reflected after projection on the paper of an incident luminous flux of value 100, at an angle of incidence of 75 degrees.
Pour obtenir un papier très brillant d'une valeur de 70 par exemple, il est nécessaire que le papier présente avant calandrage une teneur en eau supérieure à environ 6% exprimée en poids par rapport au poids du papier. Or il a été noté précédemment qu'un papier à forte teneur en eau était incompatible avec l'impression offset rotative.To obtain a very shiny paper with a value of 70 for example, it is necessary for the paper to have, before calendering, a water content greater than about 6% expressed by weight relative to the weight of the paper. However, it was noted previously that a paper with a high water content was incompatible with rotary offset printing.
On a bien proposé de modifier l'opération de séchage après impression offset en substituant au séchage brutal, un séchage plus doux, afin d'obtenir une évaporation lente et progressive de l'eau contenue dans le papier. Dans ce cas, la vitesse d'impression est fortement ralentie et/ou le four de séchage doit être prolongé et vient à occuper une surface considérable; en outre l'énergie consommée par ce type de chauffage est plus importante.It has been proposed to modify the drying operation after offset printing by substituting for brutal drying, milder drying, in order to obtain a slow and gradual evaporation of the water contained in the paper. In this case, the printing speed is greatly slowed down and / or the drying oven has to be extended and occupies a considerable area; moreover, the energy consumed by this type of heating is greater.
La publication de brevet allemand DE-A-2 147 912 décrit divers traitements d'un ruban de papier et notamment plusieurs calandrages et séchages successifs indépendamment de tout couchage.The German patent publication DE-A-2 147 912 describes various treatments of a paper tape and in particular several successive calendering and drying independently of any coating.
L'invention obvie aux inconvénients cités et propose un nouveau procédé de fabrication des papiers (ou cartons) qui les rend aptes à l'impression offset aussi bien à l'impression offset rotative qu'à l'impression offset format, procédé qui économise l'énergie et qui est applicable aussi bien aux papiers mats qu'aux papiers brillants et très brillants.The invention overcomes the aforementioned drawbacks and proposes a new process for the production of paper (or cardboard) which makes them suitable for offset printing both in rotary offset printing and in offset format printing, a process which saves money. energy and which is applicable to matt papers as well as to glossy and very glossy papers.
Conformément à l'invention, on prépare un papier apte à l'impression offset par la succession des étapes suivantes:
- - on prépare de façon connue en soi un papier comprenant une couche support à base de fibres cellulosiques,
- - on enduit au moins une des deux faces, à l'aide d'au moins une composition de couchage comprenant des pigments et des liants,
- - on sèche de façon limitée la papier après couchage pour lui laisser une teneur élevée en eau,
- - on soumet le papier couché à un calandrage, un refendage, un rebobinage ou un traitement similaire,
- - on sèche une seconde fois, après ce traitement, pour réduire la teneur en eau jusqu'à la valeur désirée.
- a paper is prepared in a manner known per se comprising a support layer based on cellulose fibers,
- - at least one of the two faces is coated, using at least one coating composition comprising pigments and binders,
- - the paper is dried to a limited extent after coating to leave it with a high water content,
- - the coated paper is subjected to calendering, slitting, rewinding or a similar treatment,
- - dried a second time, after this treatment, to reduce the water content to the desired value.
Le premier séchage, avant calandrage est un séchage limité qui laisse le papier à une teneur en eau supérieure à environ 6% en poids et de l'ordre de 7%, teneur qui permet d'obtenir le cas échéant un papier très brillant. En outre ce séchage limité est généralement suffisant pour un papier destiné à l'impression offset format.The first drying, before calendering, is a limited drying which leaves the paper with a water content greater than about 6% by weight and of the order of 7%, a content which makes it possible to obtain, if necessary, a very shiny paper. In addition, this limited drying is generally sufficient for a paper intended for offset format printing.
Le second séchage selon l'invention situé après le calandrage éventuel, c'est-à-dire après passage du papier sur le dernier rouleau presseur, a pour but de réduire la teneur en eau du papier jusqu'à la valeur désirée, c'est-à-dire la valeur déterminée à partir de laquelle il n'y a aucun risque de cloquage ou d'éclatement du papier au cours du procédé d'impression offset rotative. Dans le cas d'un papier couché sur les deux faces présentant une porosité de 120 secondes, ladite valeur déterminée de la teneur en eau est d'environ 5 g/m2. Cette valeur pouvant être supérieure pour un papier plus poreux et inférieure pour un papier moins poreux.The second drying according to the invention located after any calendering, that is to say after the paper has passed over the last pressing roller, has the aim of reducing the water content of the paper to the desired value, ie that is, the determined value from which there is no risk of blistering or bursting of the paper during the rotary offset printing process. In the case of a paper coated on both sides with a porosity of 120 seconds, said determined value of the water content is approximately 5 g / m 2 . This value can be higher for more porous paper and lower for less porous paper.
Avantageusement, le second séchage est appliqué uniquement à une partie du ruban, par exemple la partie destinée à l'impression offset rotative.Advantageously, the second drying is applied only to part of the ribbon, for example the part intended for rotary offset printing.
De préférence, le second séchage est effectué après refendage et avantageusement au poste même de refendage, juste après la découpe du ruban de papier en plusieurs laizes pour constituer des bobines qui peuvent avoir des destinations différentes, à savoir des bobines pour l'impression offset rotative et des bobines pour l'impression offset format. Dans ces cas, ce second séchage s'effectue uniquement sur des laizes déterminées, notamment celles destinées à l'impression offset rotative.Preferably, the second drying is carried out after slitting and advantageously at the slitting station itself, just after cutting the paper tape into several widths to form spools which can have different destinations, namely spools for rotary offset printing. and reels for offset format printing. In these cases, this second drying is carried out only on specific webs, in particular those intended for rotary offset printing.
Dans le cadre de ce second séchage, on peut encore sécher de façon différente et/ou à des degrés différents, chacune des laizes ou des groupes de laizes, cela en fonction de leur utilisation ultérieure.In the context of this second drying, it is also possible to dry in a different manner and / or to different degrees, each of the widths or groups of widths, depending on their subsequent use.
Le premier séchage situé après couchage et avant calandrage peut s'effectuer de façon classique par passage par exemple du ruban couché sur des cylindres chauffés.The first drying situated after coating and before calendering can be carried out in a conventional manner by passing, for example, ribbon coated over heated cylinders.
Le second séchage conforme à l'invention, après un calandrage éventuel, peut s'effectuer par exemple par rayonnement tel un rayonnement infra-rouge, ou à l'aide d'un dispositif à hyperfréquence ou par conduction, par exemple par passage de la partie du ruban de papier à sécher sur au moins un cylindre chauffé, ou par convection par passage dans un four à air chaud ou par d'autres moyens de chauffage connus.The second drying in accordance with the invention, after possible calendering, can be carried out for example by radiation such as infrared radiation, or using a microwave device or by conduction, for example by passing the part of the paper tape to be dried on at least one heated cylinder, or by convection by passage through a hot air oven or by other known heating means.
L'invention s'applique à tous les papiers couchés susceptibles de cloquer au moment de l'impression offset rotative, qu'ils soient mats ou brillants. Elle s'applique particulièrement aux papiers couchés brillants qui généralement présentent plusieurs couches de couchage et surtout aux papiers ayant des grammages supérieurs à 100 g/m 2.The invention applies to all coated papers capable of blistering at the time of rotary offset printing, whether they are matt or glossy. It is particularly applicable to glossy coated papers which generally have several coating layers and especially to papers having grammages greater than 100 g / m 2 .
L'invention s'applique particulièrement aux papiers couchés brillants destinés à des impressions offset rotatives dans lesquelles les papiers sont recouverts par des encres sur leur deux faces et/ou par plusieurs couches de ces encres, c'est-à-dire des papiers qui après impression sont très peu perméables à la vapeur d'eau.The invention is particularly applicable to glossy coated papers intended for rotary offset printing in which the papers are covered by inks on their two faces and / or by several layers of these inks, that is to say papers which after printing are very slightly permeable to water vapor.
L'invention concerne également un dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé. Ce dispositif comprend en plus des moyens de séchage classique après couchage, disposés avant la calandre ou le dispositif de traitement similaire, des moyens de séchage supplémentaires disposés après cette calandre, c'est-à-dire après le dernier rouleau presseur, et de préférence montés au niveau de la refendeuse, juste après la découpe du ruban de papier couché et éventuellement calandré, qui a été transformé en plusieurs laizes pour former des bobines pour l'impression offset rotative et éventuellement en d'autres laizes pour former des bobines pour l'impression offset format. Ces moyens de chauffage peuvent être disposés seulement au dessus et/ou au dessous des rubans formant les bobines destinées à l'impression offset rotative.The invention also relates to a device for implementing the method. This device further comprises conventional drying means after coating, arranged before the calender or the similar treatment device, additional drying means arranged after this calender, that is to say after the last pressure roller, and preferably mounted on the slitter, just after cutting the coated and possibly calendered paper tape, which has been transformed into several widths to form spools for rotary offset printing and possibly into other widths to form spools for printing format offset printing. These heating means can be arranged only above and / or below the ribbons forming the spools intended for rotary offset printing.
Ils peuvent être formés d'au moins une rampe à infra-rouges disposée à proximité du passage de la bande de papier à sécher. Ce peuvent être encore un dispositif de chauffage à hyperfréquence. Dans une variante, ces moyens de chauffage sont constitués essentiellement d'au moins un cylindre métallique chauffé sur lequel le ruban de papier à sécher est appliqué au moment de son passage. Dans une autre variante, ces moyens de chauffage sont constitués d'un four ou étuve à air chaud à travers lequel passe le papier à sécher.They can be formed of at least one infrared ramp arranged near the passage of the strip of paper to be dried. It can also be a microwave heating device. In a variant, these heating means consist essentially of at least one heated metal cylinder on which the strip of paper to be dried is applied at the time of its passage. In another variant, these heating means consist of a hot air oven or oven through which the paper to be dried passes.
Les exemples suivants illustrent l'invention. Les deux premiers sont des témoins alors que les suivants sont conformes à l'invention.The following examples illustrate the invention. The first two are controls while the following are in accordance with the invention.
On prépare un papier couché d'un grammage de 110 g/M 2 de façon classique, par coulée d'une composition aqueuse contenant des fibres cellulosiques, puis après séchage et couchage des deux faces de la couche cellulosique formée à l'aide d'une composition de couchage connue pour l'impression offset, susceptible de fournir un papier très brillant, on sèche le papier après couchage par passage sur des rouleaux chauffés. On soumet ensuite le papier couché à un calen- drage alors qu'il contient encore environ 7% de son poids en eau. Le calandrage s'effectue à une température d'environ 50°C et sous une pression linéaire d'environ 150 kg par centimètre. Après calandrage, la teneur en eau est légèrement supérieure à 6% en poids et le ruban de papier présente un brillant de 70 mesuré à l'aide de l'appareil de GARDNER. Le ruban de papier, d'une laize de 3,70 m, est ensuite refendu pour former 3 rubans de 1 mètre de laize que l'on bobine pour l'impression offset rotative et un ruban de 0,65 cm de large que l'on bobine pour l'impression offset format. Les trois premières bobines sont utilisées pour l'impression offset rotative. Après impression, le papier présente de nombreuses cloques à différents endroits, notamment à ceux correspondant à l'impression de plusieurs couches d'encre et cela sur chacune des deux faces du papier.A coated paper with a grammage of 110 g / M 2 is prepared in a conventional manner, by pouring an aqueous composition containing cellulosic fibers, then after drying and coating of the two faces of the cellulosic layer formed using a coating composition known for offset printing, capable of providing a very shiny paper, the paper is dried after coating by passing over heated rollers. The coated paper is then subjected to sizing while it still contains about 7% of its weight in water. Calendering is carried out at a temperature of approximately 50 ° C and under a linear pressure of approximately 150 kg per centimeter. After calendering, the water content is slightly more than 6% by weight and the paper tape has a gloss of 70 measured using the GARDNER device. The paper ribbon, which is 3.70 m wide, is then split to form 3 ribbons of 1 m wide which are spooled for rotary offset printing and a ribbon 0.65 cm wide than the 'reel for offset format printing. The first three reels are used for rotary offset printing. After printing, the paper has many blisters in different places, in particular those corresponding to the printing of several layers of ink and this on each of the two sides of the paper.
On fabrique un papier pour impression offset de même grammage que dans l'exemple 1 en opérant de la même façon, sauf qu'on effectue le calandrage sur un papier à faible teneur en eau, de l'ordre de 4,5% en poids. A la sortie de la calandreuse, le papier présente une teneur en eau de l'ordre de 4% et un brillant qui, mesuré comme précédemment, atteint seulement la valeur de 50 environ. Le papier est utilisé après refendage pour l'impression offset rotative. Après impression, qui s'effectue dans les mêmes conditions, notamment de vitesse, que dans l'exemple 1, le papier imprimé ne présente pas de cloquage.A paper for offset printing of the same grammage as in Example 1 is produced by operating in the same way, except that the calendering is carried out on a paper with low water content, of the order of 4.5% by weight. . At the outlet of the calendering machine, the paper has a water content of the order of 4% and a gloss which, measured as above, only reaches the value of approximately 50. The paper is used after slitting for rotary offset printing. After printing, which is carried out under the same conditions, in particular speed, as in Example 1, the printed paper does not show blistering.
On fabrique un papier pour impression offset de même grammage que dans l'exemple 1 en opérant de la même façon, mais, au poste de ren- fendage alors que le ruban principal a été découpé en 4 laizes comme précédemment, on fait subir aux papiers des trois laizes de 1 m de large, un séchage rapide par passage entre des rampes à infra-rouges. Ce séchage a pour effet de diminuer la teneur en eau jusqu'à une valeur d'environ 4,5% en poids, ce qui correspond à environ 4,95 g d'eau par m2 de papier.We make a paper for offset printing of the same grammage as in Example 1 by operating in the same way, but, at the slitting station when the main ribbon has been cut into 4 widths as before, we submit the papers of the three widths of 1 m wide, rapid drying by passing between infrared ramps. This drying has the effect of reducing the water content to a value of approximately 4.5% by weight, which corresponds to approximately 4.95 g of water per m 2 of paper.
Le papier obtenu est bobiné. Utilisé pour l'impression offset rotative, il ne présente pas, après avoir été imprimé, les défauts du papier imprimé de l'exemple 1. Le papier imprimé très brillant est exempt de cloques ou éclatements, même aux endroits correspondants à plusieurs couches d'encre, d'un même côté du papier ou même sur les deux faces.The paper obtained is wound up. Used for rotary offset printing, it does not exhibit, after having been printed, the defects of the printed paper of Example 1. The very glossy printed paper is free from blisters or bursts, even in the places corresponding to several layers of ink, on the same side of the paper or even on both sides.
On fabrique un papier pour impression offset comme dans l'exemple 3, sauf que le second séchage des seules laizes destinées à l'impression offset rotative s'effectue par passage à une vitesse de l'ordre de 600 m/mn dans un four d'une longueur d'environ 8 mètres, à air chaud porté à environ 210°C et circulant à une vitesse de l'ordre de 40 m/s. Ce séchage a pour effet de diminuer la teneur en eau jusqu'à une valeur d'environ 4,4% en poids, ce qui correspond à environ 4,85 g d'eau par m2 de papier.A paper for offset printing is manufactured as in Example 3, except that the second drying of the only webs intended for rotary offset printing is carried out by passing at a speed of the order of 600 m / min in an oven d '' a length of approximately 8 meters, with hot air brought to approximately 210 ° C and circulating at a speed of the order of 40 m / s. This drying has the effect of reducing the water content to a value of approximately 4.4% by weight, which corresponds to approximately 4.85 g of water per m 2 of paper.
Utilisé en impression offset rotative dans les mêmes conditions que précédemment, le papier imprimé ne présente pas de défauts tels que cloquages ou éclatements.Used in rotary offset printing under the same conditions as above, the printed paper does not have any defects such as blistering or bursting.
On fabrique un papier couché pour impression offset d'un grammage de 135 de la même façon que dans l'exemple 1. Avant calandrage, le papier présente une teneur en eau d'environ 6,5%, qui diminue jusqu'à 6% après calandrage. Le papier obtenu, très brillant, est refendu comme précédemment et subit un séchage rapide par contact sur un cylindre métallique chauffé à environ 250°C jusqu'à ce que sa teneur en eau soit d'environ 3,5% en poids de papier, ce qui correspond à environ 4,7 g d'eau par m2 de papier. Le papier séché est bobiné. Il est ensuite utilisé pour l'impression offset rotative dans les mêmes conditions que précédemment. De même que dans l'exemple 3, le papier imprimé est exempt de défauts tels que cloques ou éclatements.A coated paper for offset printing with a grammage of 135 is produced in the same way as in Example 1. Before calendering, the paper has a water content of approximately 6.5%, which decreases to 6%. after calendering. The paper obtained, very shiny, is split as above and undergoes rapid drying by contact on a metal cylinder heated to approximately 250 ° C. until its water content is approximately 3.5% by weight of paper, which corresponds to approximately 4.7 g of water per m 2 of paper. The dried paper is wound up. It is then used for rotary offset printing under the same conditions as above. As in Example 3, the printed paper is free from defects such as blistering or bursting.
On fabrique un papier couché mat pour impression offset d'un grammage de 135 par coulée d'une composition aqueuse contenant des fibres cellulosiques, puis après séchage, couchage des deux faces de la couche cellulosique formée à l'aide d'une couche de couchage connue pour l'impression offset et susceptible de fournir un papier mat. Après couchage, on sèche tout le ruban de papier jusqu'à une teneur en eau de 7% environ, par passage du ruban sur des rouleaux chauffés. Le ruban est ensuite bobiné et la bobine refendue (ou bien le ruban est refendu directement) en plusieurs laizes. Après refendage seules les laizes destinées à l'impression offset rotative passent à travers un four chauffé à environ 200°C et leur teneur en eau diminue jusqu'à une valeur d'environ 5% en poids du papier. Le papier séché est bobiné. Il est ensuite utilisé pour l'impression offset rotative dans les mêmes conditions que précédemment. Après impression, le papier est exempt de défauts tels que cloques ou éclatements.A matt coated paper is produced for offset printing with a grammage of 135 by pouring an aqueous composition containing cellulose fibers, then after drying, coating of the two faces of the cellulosic layer formed using a coating layer known for offset printing and likely to provide matte paper. After coating, the entire paper tape is dried to a water content of approximately 7%, by passing the tape over heated rollers. The ribbon is then wound up and the spool split (or the ribbon is split directly) in several widths. After slitting, only the webs intended for rotary offset printing pass through an oven heated to approximately 200 ° C. and their water content decreases to a value of approximately 5% by weight of the paper. The dried paper is wound up. It is then used for rotary offset printing under the same conditions as above. After printing, the paper is free from defects such as blisters or bursts.
Claims (12)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT83400796T ATE20921T1 (en) | 1982-04-22 | 1983-04-22 | PAPER OR BOARD FOR OFFSET PRINTING. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8206909A FR2525650A1 (en) | 1982-04-22 | 1982-04-22 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MAKING PAPER OR CARDBOARD |
| FR8206909 | 1982-04-22 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0093052A1 EP0093052A1 (en) | 1983-11-02 |
| EP0093052B1 true EP0093052B1 (en) | 1986-07-23 |
Family
ID=9273254
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP83400796A Expired EP0093052B1 (en) | 1982-04-22 | 1983-04-22 | Paper or cardboard for offset printing |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0093052B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE20921T1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3364668D1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES521718A0 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI81158C (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2525650A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1986004622A1 (en) * | 1985-02-08 | 1986-08-14 | Mitsubishi Paper Mills, Ltd. | Paper manufacturing method |
| FI117444B (en) * | 2004-06-24 | 2006-10-13 | Metso Paper Inc | A method for treating a fibrous web in a post-sectional step |
| FR2909031B1 (en) * | 2006-11-24 | 2011-03-04 | Goss Int Montataire Sa | PRINTING MACHINE AND CORRESPONDING METHOD. |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL200169A (en) * | 1955-08-16 | |||
| US3647618A (en) * | 1969-08-18 | 1972-03-07 | Crown Zellerbach Corp | Method and apparatus for improving formation uniformity of paper |
| DE2147912A1 (en) * | 1971-04-20 | 1972-11-09 | A. Ahlström Oy, Helsinki | Finishing paper webs - unwinding from roll passing through a succession of processing stations and rewinding finished web onto roll |
-
1982
- 1982-04-22 FR FR8206909A patent/FR2525650A1/en active Granted
-
1983
- 1983-04-21 ES ES521718A patent/ES521718A0/en active Granted
- 1983-04-21 FI FI831361A patent/FI81158C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-04-22 EP EP83400796A patent/EP0093052B1/en not_active Expired
- 1983-04-22 DE DE8383400796T patent/DE3364668D1/en not_active Expired
- 1983-04-22 AT AT83400796T patent/ATE20921T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0093052A1 (en) | 1983-11-02 |
| FI831361A0 (en) | 1983-04-21 |
| FI831361L (en) | 1983-10-23 |
| FR2525650B1 (en) | 1984-07-13 |
| ATE20921T1 (en) | 1986-08-15 |
| FI81158C (en) | 1990-09-10 |
| ES8402379A1 (en) | 1984-02-01 |
| FI81158B (en) | 1990-05-31 |
| FR2525650A1 (en) | 1983-10-28 |
| DE3364668D1 (en) | 1986-08-28 |
| ES521718A0 (en) | 1984-02-01 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CA2785183C (en) | Ultrasmooth and recyclable printable sheet and process for manufacturing same | |
| FI71801C (en) | Method and apparatus for coating paper or the like. | |
| FR2657812A1 (en) | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DESTROYING STENCILS. | |
| EP0093052B1 (en) | Paper or cardboard for offset printing | |
| WO1995003166A1 (en) | Machine and method for making a sheet of single face corrugated cardboard | |
| EP0446138A1 (en) | Process for making paper for filterbags and product | |
| FR2891761A1 (en) | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SHEET MATERIAL COMPRISING AT LEAST ONE WINDOW. | |
| EP0294290B1 (en) | Process for winding under compression | |
| FR2637623A1 (en) | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COATED PAPER, COATED CARDBOARD, OR THE LIKE | |
| CA2189237A1 (en) | Machine and method of manufacture of single-face corrugated board by traction glueing | |
| EP4064880A1 (en) | Method for manufacturing rolls and packs of paper sheets for roll-your-own cigarettes | |
| CA2477711A1 (en) | Polymer impregnation process | |
| EP3623528B1 (en) | Method for manufacturing a sheet material, corresponding machine, sheet material and safety document | |
| EP1135556B1 (en) | Uncoated paper comprising a pseudo-watermark and method for making same | |
| CH635691A5 (en) | PHOTOGRAPHIC SUPPORT AND METHOD FOR ITS MANUFACTURE. | |
| EP1379731B2 (en) | Method and arrangement in manufacturing of printing paper | |
| WO2008049811A1 (en) | Processing method for a printing base for melaminated paper | |
| FR2526332A1 (en) | COATING APPLICATION APPARATUS | |
| FR2541978A1 (en) | Method for printing personalised cards using reprographic or laser-printing techniques | |
| FR2734757A1 (en) | Method for gluing endless bands, e.g. to make cardboard tubes | |
| BE480837A (en) | ||
| BE668206A (en) | ||
| CH495213A (en) | Production of heat sealed laminates | |
| CH214913A (en) | Process for manufacturing coated paper and apparatus for carrying out this process. | |
| CH277329A (en) | A process for forming a coating and a film and an apparatus for carrying out this process. |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI NL SE |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19840502 |
|
| GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI NL SE |
|
| REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 20921 Country of ref document: AT Date of ref document: 19860815 Kind code of ref document: T |
|
| REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 3364668 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 19860828 |
|
| ITF | It: translation for a ep patent filed | ||
| PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
| 26N | No opposition filed | ||
| ITTA | It: last paid annual fee | ||
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Payment date: 19920318 Year of fee payment: 10 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 19920324 Year of fee payment: 10 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Payment date: 19920326 Year of fee payment: 10 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AT Payment date: 19920410 Year of fee payment: 10 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 19920417 Year of fee payment: 10 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CH Payment date: 19920428 Year of fee payment: 10 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Payment date: 19920430 Year of fee payment: 10 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 19920611 Year of fee payment: 10 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Effective date: 19930422 Ref country code: AT Effective date: 19930422 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Effective date: 19930423 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LI Effective date: 19930430 Ref country code: CH Effective date: 19930430 Ref country code: BE Effective date: 19930430 |
|
| BERE | Be: lapsed |
Owner name: PAPETERIES DE CONDAT Effective date: 19930430 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Effective date: 19931101 |
|
| NLV4 | Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee | ||
| GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19930422 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Effective date: 19931229 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Effective date: 19940101 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST |
|
| EUG | Se: european patent has lapsed |
Ref document number: 83400796.5 Effective date: 19931110 |