EP0090691B1 - Blast gun for flat jets containing solid abrasive particles - Google Patents

Blast gun for flat jets containing solid abrasive particles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0090691B1
EP0090691B1 EP83400484A EP83400484A EP0090691B1 EP 0090691 B1 EP0090691 B1 EP 0090691B1 EP 83400484 A EP83400484 A EP 83400484A EP 83400484 A EP83400484 A EP 83400484A EP 0090691 B1 EP0090691 B1 EP 0090691B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
jet
nozzle
flat
abrasive particles
water
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP83400484A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0090691A1 (en
Inventor
Jean Spitz
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
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Publication of EP0090691A1 publication Critical patent/EP0090691A1/en
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Publication of EP0090691B1 publication Critical patent/EP0090691B1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C7/00—Equipment for feeding abrasive material; Controlling the flowability, constitution, or other physical characteristics of abrasive blasts
    • B24C7/0084—Equipment for feeding abrasive material; Controlling the flowability, constitution, or other physical characteristics of abrasive blasts the abrasive material being fed in a mixture of liquid and gas
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C5/00—Devices or accessories for generating abrasive blasts
    • B24C5/02—Blast guns, e.g. for generating high velocity abrasive fluid jets for cutting materials
    • B24C5/04—Nozzles therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C7/00—Equipment for feeding abrasive material; Controlling the flowability, constitution, or other physical characteristics of abrasive blasts
    • B24C7/0046—Equipment for feeding abrasive material; Controlling the flowability, constitution, or other physical characteristics of abrasive blasts the abrasive material being fed in a gaseous carrier

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a sandblasting nozzle with a flat jet and containing abrasive solid particles.
  • It relates in particular to a blasting nozzle with water under high or very high pressure used for cleaning heavily fouled surfaces or covered with oxides, paint, various deposits.
  • a sandblasting device of this type includes an inlet device which generates a jet inside a vacuum chamber.
  • a pipe which brings a mixture of air and abrasive also opens into this room.
  • the vacuum allows the suction of the abrasive which is then incorporated into the water of the jet.
  • the invention relates to a sandblasting nozzle comprising a body, an internal channel, means for connecting a high-pressure water inlet pipe to the internal channel, this channel opening into an ejection nozzle capable of generating a single flat water jet inside a vacuum chamber, a supply pipe being provided on the body to deliver a mixture of air and abrasive particles in the vacuum chamber, an outlet device provided on the body, the water jet having an angle opening a in the plane of the jet, the outlet device comprising, in planes perpendicular to the flat water jet, two small side walls on either side of the flat jet and, in planes approximately perpendicular to the plane of the flat jet, two large walls, the outlet member being an integral part of the vacuum chamber.
  • a blasting nozzle of this type relates to a flat projector for a mixture of a pressurized liquid and solid particles.
  • a nozzle coaxial with a mouthpiece having an inlet for solid particles produces a jet of liquid which widens inside the mouthpiece and comes into contact with the internal walls of the latter near the free front side of this mouthpiece.
  • the walls of the mouth which constitute an outlet member, are mutually parallel and form a large angle with the opening angle of the jet. There is therefore a large volume of air between the walls of the mouth and the periphery of the jet according to the plane of this jet.
  • the jet is bent at the outlet of the organ. This results in vortices and turbulence which disturb the operation of the device.
  • GB-A-1 510 AD 1910 an apparatus for the projection of sand consisting of a central tube through which the sand is brought, and two lateral tubes inclined at an angle equal to the axis of the central tube.
  • the sand is sucked in by the air flow which opens out from the side pipes.
  • the outlet nozzle is circular at its rear part and rectangular at its mouth.
  • the jets are cylindrical and not flat.
  • the water jets will meet the outlet member. This will result in turbulence and vortices which will disturb the operation.
  • the present invention relates to a sandblasting nozzle which overcomes the drawbacks listed above. More specifically, its purpose is to create a sandblasting nozzle making it possible to obtain a suction of the particles stably at a high pressure and for an extremely rapid jet such as that which one wishes to obtain in the case of an application. nuclear decontamination. During operation, there should be no shock between the jet and the outlet member. The jet must be flat, regular, stable, without disturbance or vortex flow.
  • a nozzle according to the invention makes it possible to suck the abrasive particles efficiently, so as to allow as high a yield as possible. Clogging of the nozzle is avoided because the jet is extremely fast, especially when very high pressure is used.
  • the jet obtained is regular and stable, without disturbance or vortex flow. There is no shock between the jet and the outlet member. In other words, an air layer is created between the periphery of the jet and the lower orifice of the outlet member. As a secondary advantage, this results in an absence of wear of the output member, which avoids having to frequently replace this member.
  • Figures 1 and 2 There is shown in Figures 1 and 2 a first embodiment of a sandblasting nozzle 2 produced according to the invention.
  • Figure 1 is a sectional view of this sandblasting nozzle
  • Figure 2 is a perspective view of the outlet member which is an integral part of the sandblasting nozzle.
  • the nozzle 2 comprises a body 4 of cylindrical shape. Inside the body 4 there is a circular chamber 6 which has a cylindrical part extended by a conical part which widens. The angle of the conical part 8 is approximately equal to the ejection angle of the flat jet nozzle 18. At one end of the body 4 is made an internal thread in which the inlet block 10 is screwed high pressure water. The block 10 is immobilized relative to the body 4 by a lock nut 12. An internal thread 14 allows the connection of the connector of the high pressure water supply pipe (not shown). This pipe brings water into the internal channel 16 which itself opens onto an ejection nozzle 18 screwed into the block 10. The nozzle 18 has an outlet orifice 20. The section of this orifice is determined so as to produce a flat spray.
  • Such an ejection nozzle is known.
  • SOCOFREN markets ejection nozzles which can be used to carry out the invention.
  • the ejection nozzle 18 is screwed onto the inlet block 10.
  • a lock nut 22 makes it possible to block it in rotation relative to the body 10.
  • An O-ring 24 provides sealing between the body 10 and the nozzle eject 18.
  • the outlet member 26 At the other end of the body 4 is the outlet member 26. It is screwed onto an external thread of the body 4. It has for this purpose a knurled portion 26a. A lock nut 28 ensures its locking in rotation relative to the body 4.
  • the outlet member 26 which has two diverging side walls, substantially opening a, located in planes perpendicular to the flat jet and two converging walls 26c forming an angle ⁇ .
  • the interior 9 of the outlet member 26 is an integral part of the vacuum chamber.
  • the sanding device 2 also includes a pipe 29 for supplying the abrasive particles.
  • the pipe 29 is terminated by an inlet connector 30 screwed onto the body 4.
  • the connector 30 opens out inside the suction chamber 6. It is arranged, in the embodiment of FIG. 1, perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the body 4.
  • the combination of the angles a and ⁇ and of the section of the outlet orifice 26 are defined so that there is sufficient depression in the chamber 9 which drives the abrasive particles and directs them so that the bombardment of the walls and of the outlet member is nonexistent when the regularity of the abrasive grains is constant.
  • the abrasive particles are introduced via line 29 carrying a gas-abrasive particle mixture, the gas possibly being air.
  • the ejection nozzle 18 and the outlet member 26 must be positioned angularly with respect to each other, so that the flat jet is aligned with the orifice of the member 26. This angular positioning can be easily carried out by means of the locknuts 22 and 28 which allow the ejection nozzle 18 and the outlet member 26 to be blocked respectively in any position.
  • Water is brought under pressure by the nozzle of the ejection nozzle 18 inside the vacuum chamber 6.
  • This vacuum allows the suction, inside the chamber 6, of the air mixture and abrasive particles brought in via line 29.
  • the abrasive particles mix with the water jet and the mixed jet, that is to say the air-solid particles-water mixture, passes through the outlet nozzle 26.
  • the nozzle ejection 18 of known embodiment gives a flat jet.
  • the thinner plane of the outlet member 26 approximately coincides with the median plane of the high pressure flat water jet.
  • the interior of the outlet member 26 is an integral part of the vacuum chamber 6.
  • the inlet section of the air-solid particle mixture is increased while achieving an arrival of this mixture parallel to the axis of the body 4.
  • an additional part comprising a cavity forming an elbow allows the fitting of a connection inlet for the mixture.
  • This part is fixed, for example by screws, to the body 4.
  • This added part has a long resistance to wear by abrasion in the elbow, due to the thickness of its walls.
  • FIG. 3 shows a second improved embodiment of the sanding device of the invention.
  • This sanding nozzle 102 differs from the sanding nozzle 2 shown in FIG. 1 in that the supply line for the air-abrasive particle mixture is disposed in the axis of the body 104, while the ejection nozzle 118 , which is unique, is arranged laterally to this pipe.
  • the parts which have the same function as that of the nozzle 2 in FIG. 1 have been designated by the same reference numbers increased by 100. Their description will therefore not be repeated in detail.
  • the angle formed by the median plane of the flat water jet delivered by the nozzle 120 and the axis of the supply line for the air-solids mixture must be as small as possible.
  • the arrival of water under high pressure is done by the cylindrical body 104.
  • This pipeline supply is fixed in this body 104 to the thread 114.
  • a conduit 116 brings the water under high pressure to the ejection nozzle 118 screwed into the body 104.
  • a lock nut 122 allows the rotation of the nozzle 118. It is thus possible to position this nozzle so that the longitudinal axis of the nozzle 120 is aligned with the orifice of the outlet member 126.
  • the angular position of the nozzle 118 can be adjusted by means a locknut 122.
  • the vacuum chamber essentially consists of the interior 109 of the member 126.
  • connection 130 In the axis of the body 104 is screwed the connection 130 of arrival of the air-abrasive particles mixture.
  • An insert 132 disposed in a bore 134 of the body 104 channels the air-abrasive particles mixture until it meets the jet of water under high pressure.
  • An O-ring 136 provides a sealed connection between the end piece 130 and the insert 132. It is important to note that the connector 130 is applied directly to the flange 132a of the insert 132 when the latter is cylindrical.
  • the wall 126c of the outlet member 126 is substantially parallel to the median plane of the flat jet coming from the ejection nozzle 118.
  • the wall 126c ' is substantially parallel, in turn, to the axis of the air-abrasive particles mixture from insert 132.
  • the embodiment of Figure 3 has a double advantage.
  • the arrival of the air-abrasive particles mixture takes place axially without pressure loss by taking advantage of the initial speed of the mixture.
  • the angle between the axis of the supply line of the air-abrasive particles mixture and the axis of the water jet is small (less than 15 °). This eliminates the risk of clogging.
  • the axial arrival of the air-solids mixture makes it possible to use a forced supply of compressed air which increases the possibilities of transporting the abrasive particles as well as the speed of ejection of the final air-water-solid particles mixture.
  • the sanding nozzle of the invention described with reference to the figures has been designed so as to minimize the risk of clogging. These are particularly important when the solid abrasive used is a soluble abrasive such as boron trioxide B 2 0 3 , which is particularly advantageous in radioactive decontamination.
  • the abrasive particles When a water-soluble abrasive is used, the abrasive particles are in solid form during the sanding operation, which allows them to fulfill their role of abrasive. They then dissolve in water. This allows the metal particles from the removal of the contaminated layer to be separated by filtering on one side and the water containing the dissolved abrasive particles on the other hand. Solid particles, metallic or otherwise, are treated, then conditioned and stored. The effluents are treated before their rejection by possible recycling.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)

Description

La présente invention a pour objet une buse de sablage à jet plat et contenant des particules solides abrasives.The present invention relates to a sandblasting nozzle with a flat jet and containing abrasive solid particles.

Elle se rapporte en particulier à une buse de sablage à eau sous haute ou très haute pression utilisée pour le nettoyage de surfaces fortement encrassées ou recouvertes d'oxydes, de peinture, de dépôts divers.It relates in particular to a blasting nozzle with water under high or very high pressure used for cleaning heavily fouled surfaces or covered with oxides, paint, various deposits.

Pendant le fonctionnement de centrales nucléaires, et des unités de retraitement des combustibles nucléaires, certains éléments sont exposés à un rayonnement. Une pellicule radioactive mince se forme sur la surface de ces éléments et il est nécessaire d'éliminer cette pellicule. Ceci ne peut être obtenu par l'utilisation d'eau sous pression seule, cart cette dernière ne permet pas l'élimination des oxydes. On utilise donc des dispositifs de sablage à eau sous haute pression dans lesquels le jet d'eau contient des particules abrasives.During the operation of nuclear power plants, and nuclear fuel reprocessing units, certain elements are exposed to radiation. A thin radioactive film forms on the surface of these elements and it is necessary to remove this film. This cannot be obtained by the use of pressurized water alone, since the latter does not allow the elimination of oxides. High pressure water blasting devices are therefore used in which the water jet contains abrasive particles.

Un dispositif de sablage de ce type comporte un dispositif d'entrée qui engendre un jet à l'intérieur d'une chambre à dépression. Une canalisation qui amène un mélange d'air et d'abrasif débouche également dans cette chambre. La dépression permet l'aspiration de l'abrasif qui est alors incorporé dans l'eau du jet.A sandblasting device of this type includes an inlet device which generates a jet inside a vacuum chamber. A pipe which brings a mixture of air and abrasive also opens into this room. The vacuum allows the suction of the abrasive which is then incorporated into the water of the jet.

Plus précisément, l'invention concerne une buse de sablage comprenant un corps, un canal intérieur, des moyens pour relier une canalisation d'entrée d'eau à haute pression au canal intérieur, ce canal débouchant dans une buse d'éjection apte à engendrer un seul jet d'eau plat à l'intérieur d'une chambre à vide, une canalisation d'amenée étant prévue sur le corps pour délivre un mélange d'air et de particules abrasives dans la chambre à vide, un dispositif de sortie prévu sur le corps, le jet d'eau ayant une ouverture d'angle a dans le plan du jet, le dispositif de sortie comportant, dans des plans perpendiculaires au jet d'eau plat, deux petites parois latérales de part et d'autre du jet plat et, dans des plans approximativement perpendiculaires au plan du jet plat, deux grandes parois, l'organe de sortie faisant partie intégrante de la chambre à dépression.More specifically, the invention relates to a sandblasting nozzle comprising a body, an internal channel, means for connecting a high-pressure water inlet pipe to the internal channel, this channel opening into an ejection nozzle capable of generating a single flat water jet inside a vacuum chamber, a supply pipe being provided on the body to deliver a mixture of air and abrasive particles in the vacuum chamber, an outlet device provided on the body, the water jet having an angle opening a in the plane of the jet, the outlet device comprising, in planes perpendicular to the flat water jet, two small side walls on either side of the flat jet and, in planes approximately perpendicular to the plane of the flat jet, two large walls, the outlet member being an integral part of the vacuum chamber.

On connait déjà de FR-A-2 369 008 une buse de sablage de ce type. Ce document concerne un projecteur plat pour un mélange d'un liquide sous pression et de particules solides. Une buse coaxiale à une embouchure comportant une admission pour des particules solides produit un jet de liquide qui s'élargit à l'intérieur de l'embouchure et vient en contact des parois internes de cette dernière à proximité du côté frontal libre de cette embouchure. Toutefois, les parois de l'embouchure, qui constituent un organe de sortie, sont parallèles entre elles et forment un angle important avec l'angle d'ouverture du jet. Il existe par conséquent un volume d'air important entre les parois de l'embouchure et le pourtour du jet selon le plan de ce jet. En outre, le jet est infléchi au niveau de la sortie de l'organe. Il en résulte des tourbillons et des turbulences qui perturbent le fonctionnement du dispositif.We already know from FR-A-2 369 008 a blasting nozzle of this type. This document relates to a flat projector for a mixture of a pressurized liquid and solid particles. A nozzle coaxial with a mouthpiece having an inlet for solid particles produces a jet of liquid which widens inside the mouthpiece and comes into contact with the internal walls of the latter near the free front side of this mouthpiece. However, the walls of the mouth, which constitute an outlet member, are mutually parallel and form a large angle with the opening angle of the jet. There is therefore a large volume of air between the walls of the mouth and the periphery of the jet according to the plane of this jet. In addition, the jet is bent at the outlet of the organ. This results in vortices and turbulence which disturb the operation of the device.

On connait également de GB-A-1 510 A.D. 1910 un appareil pour la projection de sable se composant d'un tube central par lequel le sable est amené, et de deux tubes latéraux inclinés d'un angle égal par rapport à l'axe du tube central. Le sable est aspiré par le courant d'air qui débouche des tuyaux latéraux. La buse de sortie est circulaire à sa partie arrière et rectangulaire à son embouchure.There is also known from GB-A-1 510 AD 1910 an apparatus for the projection of sand consisting of a central tube through which the sand is brought, and two lateral tubes inclined at an angle equal to the axis of the central tube. The sand is sucked in by the air flow which opens out from the side pipes. The outlet nozzle is circular at its rear part and rectangular at its mouth.

Dans ce dispositif, les jets sont cylindriques et non pas plats. De plus, au cours du fonctionnement, les jets d'eau rencontreront l'organe de sortie. Il en résultera donc des turbulences et des tourbillons qui perturberont le fonctionnement.In this device, the jets are cylindrical and not flat. In addition, during operation, the water jets will meet the outlet member. This will result in turbulence and vortices which will disturb the operation.

La présente invention a pour objet une bbuse de sablage qui remédie aux inconvénients énumérés ci-dessus. Plus précisément, elle a pour objet de créer une buse de sablage permettant d'obtenir une aspiration des particules de manière stable à une pression élevée et pour un jet extrêmement rapide tel que celui que l'on souhaite obtenir dans le cas d'une application à la décontamination nucléaire. Au cours du fonctionnement, il ne doit pas exister de choc entre le jet et l'organe de sortie. Le jet doit être plat, régulier, stable, sans perturbation ni écoulement tourbillonnaire.The present invention relates to a sandblasting nozzle which overcomes the drawbacks listed above. More specifically, its purpose is to create a sandblasting nozzle making it possible to obtain a suction of the particles stably at a high pressure and for an extremely rapid jet such as that which one wishes to obtain in the case of an application. nuclear decontamination. During operation, there should be no shock between the jet and the outlet member. The jet must be flat, regular, stable, without disturbance or vortex flow.

Ces objectifs sont atteints, conformément à l'invention, grâce au fait que les deux petites parois de l'organe de sortie forment entre elles un angle divergent, cet angle étant égal à l'angle d'ouverture a du jet d'eau plat, et au fait que lesdites grandes parois forment entre elles un angle convergent.These objectives are achieved, in accordance with the invention, thanks to the fact that the two small walls of the outlet member form a divergent angle between them, this angle being equal to the opening angle a of the flat water jet , and to the fact that said large walls form a converging angle between them.

En conséquence de ces caractéristiques, une buse conforme à l'invention permet d'aspirer les particules abrasives de manière efficace, de manière à permettre un rendement aussi élevé que possible. L'engorgement de la buse est évité parce que le jet est extrêmement rapide, particulièrement lorsque l'on utilise une pression très élevée. Le jet obtenu est régulier et stable, sans perturbation ni écoulement tourbillonnaire. Il n'existe pas de choc entre le jet et l'organe de sortie. En d'autres termes, une couche d'air est créée entre le pourtour du jet et l'orifice inférieur de l'organe de sortie. A titre d'avantage secondaire, il en résulte une absence d'usure de l'organe de sortie, ce qui évite d'avoir à remplacer fréquemment cet organe.As a consequence of these characteristics, a nozzle according to the invention makes it possible to suck the abrasive particles efficiently, so as to allow as high a yield as possible. Clogging of the nozzle is avoided because the jet is extremely fast, especially when very high pressure is used. The jet obtained is regular and stable, without disturbance or vortex flow. There is no shock between the jet and the outlet member. In other words, an air layer is created between the periphery of the jet and the lower orifice of the outlet member. As a secondary advantage, this results in an absence of wear of the output member, which avoids having to frequently replace this member.

D'autres particularités et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la de scription qui suit, d'exemples de réalisation de l'invention qui se réfère aux dessins annexés, sur lesquels:

  • - la figure 1 représente une vue en coupe d'un premier mode de réalisation du dispositif de sablage de l'invention comportant une buse d'éjection unique disposée axialement et une amenée d'abrasifs latérale;
  • - la figure 2 représente une vue en perspective de la buse de sortie du dispositif de la figure 1,
  • - la figure 3 représente un deuxième mode de réalisation du dispositif de sablage de l'invention comportant une amenée d'abrasif axiale et une buse d'éjection unique disposée latéralement.
Other features and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the following description, of embodiments of the invention which refers to the appended drawings, in which:
  • - Figure 1 shows a sectional view of a first embodiment of the sanding device of the invention comprising a single ejection nozzle disposed axially and a side abrasive supply;
  • - Figure 2 shows a perspective view of the outlet nozzle of the device of FIG. 1,
  • - Figure 3 shows a second embodiment of the sanding device of the invention comprising an axial abrasive supply and a single ejection nozzle disposed laterally.

On a représenté sur les figures 1 et 2 un premier exemple de réalisation d'une buse de sablage 2 réalisée conformément à l'invention. La figure 1 est une vue en coupe de cette buse de sablage, tandis que la figure 2 est une vue en perspective de l'organe de sortie qui est partie intégrante de la buse de sablage.There is shown in Figures 1 and 2 a first embodiment of a sandblasting nozzle 2 produced according to the invention. Figure 1 is a sectional view of this sandblasting nozzle, while Figure 2 is a perspective view of the outlet member which is an integral part of the sandblasting nozzle.

La buse 2 comporte un corps 4 de forme cylindrique. A l'intérieur du corps 4 on trouve une chambre 6 circulaire qui comporte une partie cylindrique prolongée par une partie conique qui va en s'évasant. L'angle de la partie conique 8 est approximativement égal à l'angle d'éjection de la buse à jet plat 18. A l'une des extrémités du corps 4 est pratiqué un filetage intérieur dans lequel est vissé le bloc d'arrivée 10 de l'eau sous haute pression. Le bloc 10 est immobilisé par rapport au corps 4 par un contre-écrou 12. Un filetage intérieur 14 permet le branchement du raccord de la canalisation d'amenée d'eau sous haute pression (non représentée). Cette canalisation amène l'eau dans le canal intérieur 16 qui débouche lui-même sur une buse d'éjection 18 vissée dans le bloc 10. La buse 18 comporte un orifice de sortie 20. La section de cet orifice est déterminée de manière à produire un jet plat. Une buse d'éjection de ce genre est connue. A titre d'exemple, la Société SOCOFREN commercialise des bures d'éjection qui peuvent être utilisées pour réaliser l'invention. La buse d'éjection 18 est vissée sur le bloc d'arrivée 10. Un contre-écrou 22 permet de la bloquer en rotation par rapport au corps 10. Un joint torique 24 assure l'étanchéité entre le corps 10 et la buse d'éjection 18.The nozzle 2 comprises a body 4 of cylindrical shape. Inside the body 4 there is a circular chamber 6 which has a cylindrical part extended by a conical part which widens. The angle of the conical part 8 is approximately equal to the ejection angle of the flat jet nozzle 18. At one end of the body 4 is made an internal thread in which the inlet block 10 is screwed high pressure water. The block 10 is immobilized relative to the body 4 by a lock nut 12. An internal thread 14 allows the connection of the connector of the high pressure water supply pipe (not shown). This pipe brings water into the internal channel 16 which itself opens onto an ejection nozzle 18 screwed into the block 10. The nozzle 18 has an outlet orifice 20. The section of this orifice is determined so as to produce a flat spray. Such an ejection nozzle is known. As an example, SOCOFREN markets ejection nozzles which can be used to carry out the invention. The ejection nozzle 18 is screwed onto the inlet block 10. A lock nut 22 makes it possible to block it in rotation relative to the body 10. An O-ring 24 provides sealing between the body 10 and the nozzle eject 18.

A l'autre extrémité du corps 4 se trouve l'organe de sortie 26. Il est vissé sur un filetage extérieur du corps 4. Il comporte à cet effet une partie moletée 26a. Un contre-écrou 28 permet d'assurer son blocage en rotation par rapport au corps 4.At the other end of the body 4 is the outlet member 26. It is screwed onto an external thread of the body 4. It has for this purpose a knurled portion 26a. A lock nut 28 ensures its locking in rotation relative to the body 4.

L'organe de sortie 26, qui présente deux parois latérales divergentes, sensiblement d'ouverture a, situées dans des plans perpendiculaires au jet plat et deux parois convergentes 26c formant un angle β. L'intérieur 9 de l'organe de sortie 26 fait partie intégrante de la chambre à dépression.The outlet member 26, which has two diverging side walls, substantially opening a, located in planes perpendicular to the flat jet and two converging walls 26c forming an angle β. The interior 9 of the outlet member 26 is an integral part of the vacuum chamber.

Le dispositif de sablage 2 comporte encore une canalisation 29 pour l'amenée des particules abrasives. La canalisation 29 est terminée par un raccord d'arrivée 30 vissé sur le corps 4. Le raccord 30 débouche à l'intérieur de la chambre d'aspiration 6. Il est disposé, dans l'exemple de réalisation de la figure 1, perpendiculairement à l'axe longitudinal du corps 4.The sanding device 2 also includes a pipe 29 for supplying the abrasive particles. The pipe 29 is terminated by an inlet connector 30 screwed onto the body 4. The connector 30 opens out inside the suction chamber 6. It is arranged, in the embodiment of FIG. 1, perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the body 4.

La combinaison des angles a et β et de la section de l'orifice de sortie 26 sont définies pour qu'il se produise dans la chambre 9 une dépression suffisante qui entraîne les particules abrasives et les oriente de telle manière que le bombardement des parois et de l'organe de sortie soit inexistant lorsque la regularite des grains d'abrasif est constante. Les particules abrasives sont introduites par la canalisation 29 véhiculant un mélange gaz-particules abrasives, le gaz pouvant être de l'air.The combination of the angles a and β and of the section of the outlet orifice 26 are defined so that there is sufficient depression in the chamber 9 which drives the abrasive particles and directs them so that the bombardment of the walls and of the outlet member is nonexistent when the regularity of the abrasive grains is constant. The abrasive particles are introduced via line 29 carrying a gas-abrasive particle mixture, the gas possibly being air.

La buse d'éjection 18 et l'organe de sortie 26 doivent être positionnés angulairement l'un par rapport à l'autre, de telle manière que le jet plat soit aligné avec l'orifice de l'organe 26. Ce positionnement angulaire peut être effectué facilement au moyen des contre-écrous 22 et 28 qui permettent de bloquer respectivement la buse d'éjection 18 et l'organe de sortie 26 en une position quelconque.The ejection nozzle 18 and the outlet member 26 must be positioned angularly with respect to each other, so that the flat jet is aligned with the orifice of the member 26. This angular positioning can be easily carried out by means of the locknuts 22 and 28 which allow the ejection nozzle 18 and the outlet member 26 to be blocked respectively in any position.

Le fonctionnement de la buse de sablage representée sur la figure 1 est le suivant.The operation of the sandblasting nozzle shown in Figure 1 is as follows.

On amène l'eau sous pression par l'ajutage de la buse d'éjection 18 à l'intérieur de la chambre à dépression 6. Cette dépression permet l'aspiration, à l'intérieur de la chambre 6, du mélange d'air et de particules abrasives amené par la canalisation 29. Les particules abrasives se mélangent au jet d'eau et le jet mixte, c'est-à-dire le mélange air-particules solides-eau, traverse la buse de sortie 26. La buse d'éjection 18 de réalisation connue, donne un jet plat. Le plan de plus faible épaisseur de l'organe de sortie 26 coïncide approximativement avec le plan médian du jet d'eau plat sous haute pression. L'intérieur de l'organe de sortie 26 fait partie intégrante de la chambre à dépression 6.Water is brought under pressure by the nozzle of the ejection nozzle 18 inside the vacuum chamber 6. This vacuum allows the suction, inside the chamber 6, of the air mixture and abrasive particles brought in via line 29. The abrasive particles mix with the water jet and the mixed jet, that is to say the air-solid particles-water mixture, passes through the outlet nozzle 26. The nozzle ejection 18 of known embodiment, gives a flat jet. The thinner plane of the outlet member 26 approximately coincides with the median plane of the high pressure flat water jet. The interior of the outlet member 26 is an integral part of the vacuum chamber 6.

Selon une variante de réalisation (non représentée) de la buse de sablage de la figure 1, on augmente la section d'entrée du mélange air-particules solides tout en réalisant une arrivée de ce mélange parallèle à l'axe du corps 4. A cet effet, une pièce supplémentaire comportant une cavité formant un coude permet le montage d'un raccord d'arrivée du mélange. Cette pièce est fixée, par exemple par des vis, sur le corps 4. Cette pièce rapportée présente une longue résistance à l'usure par abrasion dans le coude, par suite de l'épaisseur de ses parois.According to an alternative embodiment (not shown) of the sandblasting nozzle of FIG. 1, the inlet section of the air-solid particle mixture is increased while achieving an arrival of this mixture parallel to the axis of the body 4. A for this purpose, an additional part comprising a cavity forming an elbow allows the fitting of a connection inlet for the mixture. This part is fixed, for example by screws, to the body 4. This added part has a long resistance to wear by abrasion in the elbow, due to the thickness of its walls.

On a représenté sur la figure 3 un deuxième mode de réalisation perfectionné du dispositif de sablage de l'invention. Cette buse de sablage 102 se distingue de la buse de sablage 2 représentée sur la figure 1 en ce que la canalisation d'amenée du mélange air-particules abrasives est disposée dans l'axe du corps 104, tandis que la buse d'éjection 118, qui est unique, est disposée latéralement à cette canalisation. Sur la figure 3, les pièces qui ont la même fonction que celle de la buse 2 de la figure 1 ont été désignées par les mêmes numéros de référence augmentés de 100. Leur description ne sera en conséquence pas reprise en détail.FIG. 3 shows a second improved embodiment of the sanding device of the invention. This sanding nozzle 102 differs from the sanding nozzle 2 shown in FIG. 1 in that the supply line for the air-abrasive particle mixture is disposed in the axis of the body 104, while the ejection nozzle 118 , which is unique, is arranged laterally to this pipe. In FIG. 3, the parts which have the same function as that of the nozzle 2 in FIG. 1 have been designated by the same reference numbers increased by 100. Their description will therefore not be repeated in detail.

Dans le cas de la buse 102, l'angle formé par le plan médian du jet d'eau plat délivré par l'ajutage 120 et l'axe de la canalisation d'amenée du mélange air-solides doit être aussi faible que possible.In the case of the nozzle 102, the angle formed by the median plane of the flat water jet delivered by the nozzle 120 and the axis of the supply line for the air-solids mixture must be as small as possible.

L'arrivée de l'eau sous haute pression se fait par le corps 104 cylindrique. Cette canalisation d'amenée est fixée dans ce corps 104 sur le filetage 114. Un conduit 116 amène l'eau sous haute pression à la buse d'éjection 118 vissée dans le corps 104. Un contre-écrou 122 permet le positionnement en rotation de la buse d'éjection 118. On peut ainsi positionner cette buse de telle manière que l'axe longitudinal de l'ajutage 120 soit aligné avec l'orifice de l'organe de sortie 126. La position angulaire de la buse 118 peut être réglée au moyen d'un contre-écrou 122.The arrival of water under high pressure is done by the cylindrical body 104. This pipeline supply is fixed in this body 104 to the thread 114. A conduit 116 brings the water under high pressure to the ejection nozzle 118 screwed into the body 104. A lock nut 122 allows the rotation of the nozzle 118. It is thus possible to position this nozzle so that the longitudinal axis of the nozzle 120 is aligned with the orifice of the outlet member 126. The angular position of the nozzle 118 can be adjusted by means a locknut 122.

On remarque que dans ce mode de réalisation, la chambre à dépression est constituée essentiellement par l'intérieur 109 de l'organe 126.Note that in this embodiment, the vacuum chamber essentially consists of the interior 109 of the member 126.

Dans l'axe du corps 104 est vissé le raccord 130 d'arrivée du mélange air-particules abrasives. Un insert 132 disposé dans un alésage 134 du corps 104 canalise le mélange air-particules abrasives jusqu'à sa rencontre avec le jet d'eau sous haute pression. Un joint torique 136 assure une liaison étanche entre l'embout 130 et l'insert 132. Il est important de noter que le raccord 130 vient s'appliquer directement sur la collerette 132a de l'insert 132 lorsque celui-ci est cylindrique.In the axis of the body 104 is screwed the connection 130 of arrival of the air-abrasive particles mixture. An insert 132 disposed in a bore 134 of the body 104 channels the air-abrasive particles mixture until it meets the jet of water under high pressure. An O-ring 136 provides a sealed connection between the end piece 130 and the insert 132. It is important to note that the connector 130 is applied directly to the flange 132a of the insert 132 when the latter is cylindrical.

La paroi 126c de l'organe de sortie 126 est sensiblement parallèle au plan médian du jet plat issu de la buse d'éjection 118. La paroi 126c' est sensiblement parallèle, quant à elle, à l'axe du mélange air-particules abrasives issu de l'insert 132.The wall 126c of the outlet member 126 is substantially parallel to the median plane of the flat jet coming from the ejection nozzle 118. The wall 126c 'is substantially parallel, in turn, to the axis of the air-abrasive particles mixture from insert 132.

La forme de réalisation de la figure 3 présente un double avantage. L'arrivée du mélange air-particules abrasives se fait axialement sans perte de charge en profitant de la vitesse initiale du mélange. D'autre part, l'angle entre l'axe de la canalisation d'amenée du mélange air-particules abrasives et l'axe du jet d'eau est faible (inférieure à 15°). On élimine ainsi les risques de bouchage. En outre, l'arrivée axiale du mélange air-solides permet d'utiliser une alimentation forcée par air comprimé qui augmente les possiblités de transport des particules abrasives ainsi que la vitesse d'éjection du mélange air- eau-particules solides final.The embodiment of Figure 3 has a double advantage. The arrival of the air-abrasive particles mixture takes place axially without pressure loss by taking advantage of the initial speed of the mixture. On the other hand, the angle between the axis of the supply line of the air-abrasive particles mixture and the axis of the water jet is small (less than 15 °). This eliminates the risk of clogging. In addition, the axial arrival of the air-solids mixture makes it possible to use a forced supply of compressed air which increases the possibilities of transporting the abrasive particles as well as the speed of ejection of the final air-water-solid particles mixture.

La buse de sablage de l'invention décrite en référence aux figures a été conçue de manière à éviter au maximum les risques de bouchage. Ceux-ci sont particulièrement importants lorsque l'abrasif solide utilisé est un abrasif soluble tel que le trioxyde de bore B203, ce qui est particulièrement intéressant en décontamination radio-active.The sanding nozzle of the invention described with reference to the figures has been designed so as to minimize the risk of clogging. These are particularly important when the solid abrasive used is a soluble abrasive such as boron trioxide B 2 0 3 , which is particularly advantageous in radioactive decontamination.

En effet, dans le cas des procédés de sablage connus, les particules abrasives se mêlent aux particules contaminées provenant de la couche mince qui existe sur la partie contaminée. Cela a pour conséquence d'augmenter le coût du conditionnement et du stockage de ces effluents.In fact, in the case of known sanding methods, the abrasive particles mix with the contaminated particles coming from the thin layer which exists on the contaminated part. This has the consequence of increasing the cost of packaging and storing these effluents.

Quand on utilise un abrasif soluble dans l'eau, les particules abrasives se présentent sous forme solide pendant l'opération de sablage, ce qui leur permet de remplir leur rôle d'abrasif. Elles se dissolvent ensuite dans l'eau. Ceci permet de séparer par filtrage d'un côté les particules métalliques provenant de l'enlèvement de la couche contaminée et d'autre part l'eau contenant les particules d'abrasif qui été dissoutes. Les particules solides, métalliques ou autres, sont traitées puis conditionnées et stockées. Les effluents sont traités avant leur rejet par un éventuel recyclage.When a water-soluble abrasive is used, the abrasive particles are in solid form during the sanding operation, which allows them to fulfill their role of abrasive. They then dissolve in water. This allows the metal particles from the removal of the contaminated layer to be separated by filtering on one side and the water containing the dissolved abrasive particles on the other hand. Solid particles, metallic or otherwise, are treated, then conditioned and stored. The effluents are treated before their rejection by possible recycling.

Enfin, on estime que la nature hydrophile des particules abrasives utilisées joue un rôle important pour le bon fonctionnement d'une buse de sablage conforme à l'invention. En effet, il semble que les particules s'entourent de fines gouttelettes d'eau qui, en combinaison avec la forme particulière de la buse mentionnée précédemment, conduisent à l'absence d'usure de l'organe de sortie 26 qui a pu être observée au terme des essais qui ont été réalises.Finally, it is estimated that the hydrophilic nature of the abrasive particles used plays an important role for the proper functioning of a sandblasting nozzle according to the invention. Indeed, it seems that the particles surround themselves with fine water droplets which, in combination with the particular shape of the nozzle mentioned above, lead to the absence of wear of the outlet member 26 which may have been observed at the end of the tests which were carried out.

Claims (3)

1. Sand blasting nozzle, particularly for the decontamination of radioactive parts by means of a jet formed from a mixture of water and abrasive particles, comprising a body (4), an inner duct (16), means (14, 114) for connecting a pipe for the supply of water under high pressure to said inner duct (16), which issues into a discharge nozzle (18,118) able to produce a single flat water jet within a vacuum chamber (6, 8, 9, 109), a supply pipe (29, 129) being provided on body (4) for supplying a mixture of air and abrasive particles to said vacuum chamber (6, 8, 9, 109), a discharge device (26, 126) provided on body (4), the water jet having an aperture angle (a) in the plane of the jet, the discharge device (26) having, in planes perpendicular to the flat jet, two small side walls (26b) on either side of the flat jet and, in planes approximately perpendicular to the plane of the flat jet, two large walls (26c), said discharge member (26) forming an integral part of the vacuum chamber, characterized in that the two small walls (26b) form between them a divergent angle, which is equal to the aperture angles (a) of the flat water jet and in that said large walls (26c) form a convergent angle between them.
2. Sand blasting nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that said intake pipe (29) has its axis parallel to the axis of the discharge nozzle (118) and in that it is connected to the vaccum chamber of said discharge nozzle by an elbow.
3. Sand blasting nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that the discharge nozzle (18) is located in the axis of the vacuum chamber (6, 8, 9) and the discharge member (26) and in that pipe (29, 30) for the supply of particles issues laterally into said vacuum chamber.
EP83400484A 1982-03-15 1983-03-09 Blast gun for flat jets containing solid abrasive particles Expired EP0090691B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8204336A FR2523019B1 (en) 1982-03-15 1982-03-15 FLAT JET SANDBLASTING NOZZLE CONTAINING SOLID ABRASIVE PARTICLES, AND METHOD FOR IMPLEMENTING A SANDBLASTING NOZZLE FOR RADIOACTIVE DECONTAMINATION
FR8204336 1982-03-15

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EP0090691A1 EP0090691A1 (en) 1983-10-05
EP0090691B1 true EP0090691B1 (en) 1987-11-04

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EP (1) EP0090691B1 (en)
DE (1) DE3374282D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2523019B1 (en)

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EP0110529A2 (en) * 1982-10-22 1984-06-13 Flow Industries Inc. High velocity fluid abrasive jet
EP0110529A3 (en) * 1982-10-22 1985-10-16 Flow Industries Inc. High velocity fluid abrasive jet
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GB2191127A (en) * 1986-06-02 1987-12-09 Laing & Sons Ltd James Grit-blasting nozzle
US5462605A (en) * 1992-08-03 1995-10-31 Szuecs; Johann Apparatus and method for treating sensitive surface, in particular of sculpture
US5283990A (en) * 1992-11-20 1994-02-08 Church & Dwight Co., Inc. Blast nozzle with inlet flow straightener
DE4428752A1 (en) * 1994-08-13 1996-02-15 Balduf Oberflaechentechnik Gmb Blasting nozzle for surface treatment with solid particles

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4633623A (en) 1987-01-06
DE3374282D1 (en) 1987-12-10
FR2523019A1 (en) 1983-09-16
FR2523019B1 (en) 1985-11-08
EP0090691A1 (en) 1983-10-05

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