EP0730498B1 - Surface treatment nozzle and method and device for surface treatment using such a nozzle - Google Patents

Surface treatment nozzle and method and device for surface treatment using such a nozzle Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0730498B1
EP0730498B1 EP95902800A EP95902800A EP0730498B1 EP 0730498 B1 EP0730498 B1 EP 0730498B1 EP 95902800 A EP95902800 A EP 95902800A EP 95902800 A EP95902800 A EP 95902800A EP 0730498 B1 EP0730498 B1 EP 0730498B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
section
nozzle
cross
surface treatment
solid particles
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP95902800A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0730498A1 (en
Inventor
Thierry Mollard
Philippe Cotella
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CAE Electronics Ltd
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CAE Electronics Ltd
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C5/00—Devices or accessories for generating abrasive blasts
    • B24C5/02—Blast guns, e.g. for generating high velocity abrasive fluid jets for cutting materials
    • B24C5/04—Nozzles therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/02—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops, or having an outlet of particular shape
    • B05B1/04—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops, or having an outlet of particular shape in flat form, e.g. fan-like, sheet-like
    • B05B1/042—Outlets having two planes of symmetry perpendicular to each other, one of them defining the plane of the jet
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/14—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas designed for spraying particulate materials
    • B05B7/1481—Spray pistols or apparatus for discharging particulate material
    • B05B7/1486—Spray pistols or apparatus for discharging particulate material for spraying particulate material in dry state

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a treatment nozzle surface, as well as a method and a device surface treatment using such a nozzle, for example to strip one or more layers of paint or other coating arranged on a surface, in particular a exterior surface of an airplane.
  • the present invention relates to a surface treatment nozzle intended to project solid particles entrained in a gas flow under pressure, this nozzle having a single inlet for receive the solid particles mixed with the gas flow under pressure and a single outlet to project the solid particles, the outlet having a slit shape elongated which has a longitudinal axis and extends along this longitudinal axis between two ends, the nozzle comprising a channel having, in the direction of flow of solid particles, first a convergent section which communicates with the nozzle entrance, then a section divergent which opens to the outside of the nozzle through the slot outlet and which has a section over its entire length of flattened shape parallel to said outlet slot, the divergent section also having two side edges which extend along said section each diverge to one end of the outlet slot.
  • a nozzle of this type is disclosed in the document GB-A-2 191 127.
  • This known nozzle has the disadvantage, however that the effectiveness of surface treatment is not equally distributed over the entire width of the nozzle, this efficiency being very high in the center of the nozzle and low on the sides of the nozzle spray.
  • the nozzle disclosed in the aforementioned document has a section discontinuity which can induce rapid wear of the nozzle and which generates turbulence further disrupting the effectiveness of pickling, especially when the nozzle is used with speeds of important gases, and in particular supersonic velocities in the divergent section.
  • the object of the present invention is in particular to avoid these disadvantages.
  • a treatment nozzle surface of the type mentioned above is basically characterized in that the channel has variations of progressive section over its entire length, in that the converging section has a downstream end which has a flattened section parallel to the slot outlet, and in that the diverging section has, at least towards the exit slot, two lateral sections widened respectively in the vicinity of the two lateral edges, these two side parts of enlarged section being separated by at least part of a narrower section.
  • the surface treatment nozzle according to the invention when the surface treatment nozzle according to the invention is moved over a surface, by example perpendicular to its exit slot, in projecting solid particles onto this surface, nozzle leaves behind a treated trace of which all dots have received particles which exhibit substantially the same kinetic energy and have been exposed for a time substantially identical to said particles.
  • the surface treatment is of the same quality over the entire width of the processed trace.
  • the surface treatment nozzle according to the invention it is in particular possible to strip a layer paint that covers an underlying surface made up by a base layer, a composite material or another material without in any way damaging said underlying surface.
  • the present invention also relates to a surface treatment device comprising a nozzle as defined above and supply means to send solid particles to the nozzle entrance mixed with the pressurized gas flow, with a flow sufficient for the gas flow to be supersonic in the divergent section.
  • the present invention also relates to a surface treatment device comprising a nozzle as defined above and positioning means to move the nozzle essentially in translation the along an area to be treated.
  • This process applies in particular to the pickling of surfaces.
  • the projected particles can be starch-based or plastic-based particles.
  • the surface treatment method according to the invention is particularly suitable for stripping a surface very precise or sensitive to attack, for example example an exterior surface of an airplane.
  • the surface treatment nozzle of Figures 1 to 3 has a central channel which extends longitudinally between an inlet 3 and an outlet 4.
  • the inlet orifice 3 of the channel comprises a housing 3 1 which is adapted to receive one end of a supply duct which brings to the channel of the nozzle a flow of pressurized gas transporting solid particles with possibly liquid droplets.
  • This housing 3 1 is not strictly speaking part of the central channel of the nozzle, since it is not in contact with the flow of gas under pressure or with the solid particles transported by this flow of gas.
  • the central channel of the nozzle comprises, in the direction of flow of the solid particles, first a convergent section 6, then a divergent section 7.
  • the nozzle inlet 3 has a cross section circular, and the converging section 6 has a section which varies continuously between a circular section at its upstream end, and a flattened section, in particular elliptical, at its downstream end, i.e. at the level of the neck 5 which separates the converging section 6 from the section divergent 7.
  • the converging section 6 flattens gradually between its upstream end and its end downstream.
  • outlet orifice 4 of the nozzle is an elongated slot
  • divergent section 7 has itself a flattened section parallel to the exit slot 4.
  • the divergent section 7 has, in the vicinity of col 5, an elliptical section which corresponds exactly at the section of the downstream end of the section converge 6.
  • This elliptical section gradually deforms towards the exit slot 4 by widening slightly in the direction of the longitudinal axis 12 of the exit slot, up to a width l given at the exit slot, and increasing thick in the vicinity of the lateral edges 7 1 of the divergent section 7, until forming enlarged lateral parts 4 1 of thickness e at the ends of the outlet slot 4.
  • the ratio l / e can for example be greater than 2.
  • the divergent section 7 could possibly also include a progressive widening in its center, until it also forms an enlarged part 4 2 at the center of the outlet slot 4, this enlarged central part being separated from the lateral parts widened 4 1 by parts of narrower section.
  • the neck 5 between the converging section 6 and the section divergent 7 is formed by the line of intersection between the interior surfaces of said converging sections and divergent, so that the central channel of the nozzle does not has no section discontinuity, i.e. no surface forming an abrupt obstacle to the flow of compressed gas or sudden enlargement.
  • the channel of the nozzle preferably has a non-angular section, even at the side edges 7 1 of the converging section 7, where the section of the channel has a small radius of curvature.
  • the surface treatment nozzle of the invention can be produced in various ways.
  • this nozzle is produced by molding two parts 1 1 and 1 2 , from a metallic material of very hardness, these two parts being assembled according to a joint plane 1 3 parallel to the axis longitudinal 12 of the outlet slot 4, by means of screws 2.
  • nozzle 1 To treat a surface 8, for example to strip an outer surface of an airplane, we have nozzle 1 above of the surface 8, so that the longitudinal axis 12 of the outlet slot 4 of the nozzle is arranged parallel to said surface 8. At the same time that we project solid particles on the surface 8 to strip it, i.e. for example to remove paint that covers said surface 8, the nozzle 1 is displaced essentially by translation in a direction 9 (in one direction or in the other of this direction) parallel to the surface 8 and in general, but not exclusively, perpendicular to the axis longitudinal 12 of the outlet slot 4.
  • the movement of the nozzle 1 can possibly have oscillations parallel to the surface 8 and perpendicular to direction 9, but nozzle 1 is then always moves in translation, that is to say with its axis 12 always in the same direction.
  • the nozzle In addition to its translational movement, it goes from so that the nozzle can be moved from time to time causing a rotation of its axis 12, especially during repositioning maneuvers.
  • the displacement of the treatment nozzle of surface 1 produces a pickled trace 10 which is suitably treated over its entire width, without any aggression of the underlying material from surface 8 to the center of the trace 10.
  • the projected particles may in particular be particles based on matter plastic or starch-based particles, for example wheat starch particles.
  • the surface treatment nozzle 1 according to the invention can in particular be used in the treatment device surface 20 shown in FIG. 5.
  • This device comprises a working head 21 forming an enclosure which is open towards the surface to treat 8, the outlet of the nozzle 1 opening inside of this enclosure.
  • the working head 21 is kept applied to the surface 8, or near surface 8, and it is also moved along surface 8 by a system of positioning 22 which can be of any known type.
  • the positioning system 22 has a guide beam 23 which can be fixed during the operation of the nozzle 1, a carriage 24 movable along the guide beam 23, one arm articulated robotic 25 which is fixed to the carriage 24, and compressed air cylinders 26 which hold the working head 21 against surface 8.
  • the guide beam 23 can be mounted at the end of an articulated boom carried by a vehicle (not shown).
  • the inlet 3 of the nozzle 1 is supplied with compressed gas, especially in compressed air, loaded with solid particles, by a supply conduit 30 which is connected on the one hand to a compressor 31, and on the other hand to a feed hopper 32 containing a reserve of solid particles.
  • the working head 21 is also connected to a suction duct 33 to collect the solid particles after their projection, this conduit suction 33 being connected to a suction turbine 34 via a collection hopper 35 which receives the solid particles sucked up.
  • Solid particles collected in the hopper 35 can be recycled to the feed hopper 32, in which case they preferably pass through a system of separation 36 which can for example separate by sieving the particles too large or too small, by centrifugation excessively heavy particles, possibly by magnetization metallic particles, to send these particles separated in waste at 37.
  • the separation system 36 can in addition to receiving new solid particles from a reserve 38.
  • the compressor 31 feeds the nozzle 1 with sufficient gas flow for the gas flow in nozzle 1 becomes sonic at the neck 5 then supersonic in the divergent section 7.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)

Abstract

Surface treatment nozzle for projecting solid particles carried along in a pressurized gas stream. Said nozzle comprises a channel having, in the direction of flow of the solid particles, firstly a converging section (6), then a diverging section (7) which opens from the nozzle as an outlet slot (4) and whose cross section is flattened parallel to said outlet slot, at least in the vicinity thereof. The channel cross section varies gradually along its entire length; the converging section (6) comprises an upstream end (5) flattened parallel to the outlet slot, the diverging section having two lateral portions of enlarged cross section (41).

Description

La présente invention concerne une buse de traitement de surface, ainsi qu'un procédé et un dispositif de traitement de surface utilisant une telle buse, par exemple pour décaper une ou plusieurs couches de peinture ou d'un autre revêtement disposées sur une surface, notamment une surface extérieure d'un avion.The present invention relates to a treatment nozzle surface, as well as a method and a device surface treatment using such a nozzle, for example to strip one or more layers of paint or other coating arranged on a surface, in particular a exterior surface of an airplane.

En particulier, la présente invention est relative à une buse de traitement de surface destinée à projeter des particules solides entraínées dans un flux de gaz sous pression, cette buse étant dotée d'une entrée unique pour recevoir les particules solides mélangées au flux de gaz sous pression et d'une sortie unique pour projeter les particules solides, la sortie ayant une forme de fente allongée qui présente un axe longitudinal et s'étend selon cet axe longitudinal entre deux extrémités, la buse comportant un canal présentant, dans le sens de l'écoulement des particules solides, d'abord un tronçon convergent qui communique avec l'entrée de la buse, puis un tronçon divergent qui débouche à l'extérieur de la buse par la fente de sortie et qui présente sur toute sa longueur une section de forme aplatie parallèlement à ladite fente de sortie, le tronçon divergent présentant en outre deux bords latéraux qui s'étendent le long dudit tronçon divergent chacun jusqu'à une extrémité de la fente de sortie.In particular, the present invention relates to a surface treatment nozzle intended to project solid particles entrained in a gas flow under pressure, this nozzle having a single inlet for receive the solid particles mixed with the gas flow under pressure and a single outlet to project the solid particles, the outlet having a slit shape elongated which has a longitudinal axis and extends along this longitudinal axis between two ends, the nozzle comprising a channel having, in the direction of flow of solid particles, first a convergent section which communicates with the nozzle entrance, then a section divergent which opens to the outside of the nozzle through the slot outlet and which has a section over its entire length of flattened shape parallel to said outlet slot, the divergent section also having two side edges which extend along said section each diverge to one end of the outlet slot.

Une buse de ce type est divulguée dans le document GB-A-2 191 127.A nozzle of this type is disclosed in the document GB-A-2 191 127.

Cette buse connue présente toutefois l'inconvénient que l'efficacité du traitement de surface n'est pas également répartie sur toute la largeur de la buse, cette efficacité étant très grande au centre de la buse et faible sur les côtés du jet de la buse.This known nozzle has the disadvantage, however that the effectiveness of surface treatment is not equally distributed over the entire width of the nozzle, this efficiency being very high in the center of the nozzle and low on the sides of the nozzle spray.

Ainsi, lors d'opérations de décapage par exemple, lorsqu'une telle buse de traitement de surface est déplacée au-dessus d'une surface recouverte de peinture en projetant des particules solides, elle laisse derrière elle une trace décapée en forme de bande dont la ligne médiane a subi un très fort décapage, du fait qu'elle a été exposée le plus longtemps au décapage et qu'elle a reçu les particules solides de plus forte énergie, et dont les bords sont peu ou mal décapés, du fait qu'ils ont été exposés peu de temps aux particules solides projetées et qu'ils ont reçu les particules solides projetées de plus faible énergie.So, during stripping operations for example, when such a surface treatment nozzle is moved above a surface covered with paint while projecting solid particles, it leaves behind a trace stripped in the form of a strip whose midline has undergone very strong pickling, because it was exposed the most long at pickling and that it received the particles solids of higher energy, and whose edges are little or poorly stripped, because they were exposed to projected solid particles and they received the particles projected lower energy solids.

Cet inconvénient oblige :

  • soit à déplacer la buse de traitement de surface avec une vitesse suffisamment faible pour que les bords de la trace décapée soient convenablement décapés, ce qui ralentit le processus de décapage et risque en outre d'abímer la surface qui porte la peinture au centre de la trace décapée, si cette surface est sensible aux agressions, notamment si cette surface est constituée par un matériau composite ou par une couche de fond elle-même déposée sur un matériau solide,
  • soit à repasser sur les bords des traces déjà décapées, pour décaper convenablement ces bords, ce qui ralentit aussi le processus de décapage.
This drawback requires:
  • either to move the surface treatment nozzle with a sufficiently low speed so that the edges of the etched mark are suitably etched, which slows down the etching process and also risks damaging the surface which carries the paint in the center of the pickled trace, if this surface is sensitive to attack, in particular if this surface consists of a composite material or of a base layer itself deposited on a solid material,
  • either iron on the edges of traces already pickled, to properly strip these edges, which also slows down the pickling process.

De plus, la buse divulguée dans le document susmentionné présente une discontinuité de section qui peut induire une usure rapide de la buse et qui génère des turbulences perturbant encore l'efficacité du décapage, notamment lorsque la buse est utilisée avec des vitesses de gaz importantes, et en particulier des vitesses supersoniques dans le tronçon divergent.In addition, the nozzle disclosed in the aforementioned document has a section discontinuity which can induce rapid wear of the nozzle and which generates turbulence further disrupting the effectiveness of pickling, especially when the nozzle is used with speeds of important gases, and in particular supersonic velocities in the divergent section.

La présente invention a notamment pour but d'éviter ces inconvénients.The object of the present invention is in particular to avoid these disadvantages.

A cet effet, selon l'invention, une buse de traitement de surface du type mentionné ci-dessus est essentiellement caractérisée en ce que le canal présente des variations de section progressives sur toute sa longueur, en ce que le tronçon convergent comporte une extrémité d'aval qui présente une section aplatie parallèlement à la fente de sortie, et en ce que le tronçon divergent présente, au moins vers la fente de sortie, deux parties latérales de section élargie respectivement au voisinage des deux bords latéraux, ces deux parties latérales de section élargie étant séparées par au moins une partie de section plus étroite.For this purpose, according to the invention, a treatment nozzle surface of the type mentioned above is basically characterized in that the channel has variations of progressive section over its entire length, in that the converging section has a downstream end which has a flattened section parallel to the slot outlet, and in that the diverging section has, at least towards the exit slot, two lateral sections widened respectively in the vicinity of the two lateral edges, these two side parts of enlarged section being separated by at least part of a narrower section.

Ainsi, lorsque la buse de traitement de surface selon l'invention est déplacée au-dessus d'une surface, par exemple perpendiculairement à sa fente de sortie, en projetant sur cette surface des particules solides, cette buse laisse derrière elle une trace traitée dont tous les points ont reçu des particules qui présentent sensiblement la même énergie cinétique et ont été exposés pendant un temps sensiblement identique auxdites particules. Par conséquent, le traitement de la surface est de même qualité sur toute la largeur de la trace traitée.So when the surface treatment nozzle according to the invention is moved over a surface, by example perpendicular to its exit slot, in projecting solid particles onto this surface, nozzle leaves behind a treated trace of which all dots have received particles which exhibit substantially the same kinetic energy and have been exposed for a time substantially identical to said particles. By therefore, the surface treatment is of the same quality over the entire width of the processed trace.

Grâce à la buse de traitement de surface selon l'invention, il est notamment possible de décaper une couche de peinture qui recouvre une surface sous-jacente constituée par une couche de fond, un matériau composite ou un autre matériau sans détériorer aucunement ladite surface sous-jacente.Thanks to the surface treatment nozzle according to the invention, it is in particular possible to strip a layer paint that covers an underlying surface made up by a base layer, a composite material or another material without in any way damaging said underlying surface.

Dans des modes de réalisation avantageux, on a recours en outre à l'une et/ou à l'autre des dispositions suivantes :

  • le tronçon convergent comporte une extrémité d'amont qui présente une section circulaire ;
  • le tronçon divergent comporte, sur sensiblement toute sa longueur, lesdites deux parties latérales de section élargie ;
  • le tronçon divergent présente, au moins au voisinage de sa fente de sortie, une partie centrale de section élargie séparée de chaque partie latérale de section élargie par une partie de section plus étroite, de façon à optimiser encore l'égalisation de l'énergie cinétique des particules projetées par la buse sur toute la largeur de la fente de sortie.
In advantageous embodiments, use is also made of one and / or the other of the following arrangements:
  • the converging section has an upstream end which has a circular section;
  • the diverging section comprises, over substantially its entire length, said two lateral parts of enlarged section;
  • the diverging section has, at least in the vicinity of its outlet slot, a central part of enlarged section separated from each lateral part of enlarged section by a part of narrower section, so as to further optimize the equalization of the kinetic energy particles projected by the nozzle over the entire width of the outlet slot.

La présente invention a également pour objet un dispositif de traitement de surface comportant une buse telle que définie précédemment et des moyens d'alimentation pour envoyer à l'entrée de la buse les particules solides mélangées au flux de gaz sous pression, avec un débit suffisant pour que le flux de gaz soit supersonique dans le tronçon divergent.The present invention also relates to a surface treatment device comprising a nozzle as defined above and supply means to send solid particles to the nozzle entrance mixed with the pressurized gas flow, with a flow sufficient for the gas flow to be supersonic in the divergent section.

La présente invention a encore pour objet un dispositif de traitement de surface comportant une buse telle que définie précédemment et des moyens de positionnement pour déplacer la buse essentiellement en translation le long d'une surface à traiter.The present invention also relates to a surface treatment device comprising a nozzle as defined above and positioning means to move the nozzle essentially in translation the along an area to be treated.

La présente invention a aussi pour objet un procédé de traitement d'une surface par projection de particules solides entraínées dans un flux de gaz sous pression, dans lequel :

  • les particules sont projetées au moyen d'une buse telle que définie ci-dessus,
  • on alimente la buse avec le mélange de particules solides dans le flux de gaz sous pression à un débit suffisant pour que le flux de gaz soit supersonique dans le tronçon divergent,
  • l'axe longitudinal de la fente de sortie est disposé sensiblement parallèlement à la surface à traiter,
  • et la buse est déplacée essentiellement en translation selon une direction qui est parallèle à la surface à traiter, et qui peut être éventuellement sensiblement perpendiculaire à l'axe longitudinal de la fente de sortie de la buse.
The present invention also relates to a method of treating a surface by spraying solid particles entrained in a flow of gas under pressure, in which:
  • the particles are sprayed by means of a nozzle as defined above,
  • the nozzle is supplied with the mixture of solid particles in the pressurized gas flow at a rate sufficient for the gas flow to be supersonic in the divergent section,
  • the longitudinal axis of the outlet slot is disposed substantially parallel to the surface to be treated,
  • and the nozzle is moved essentially in translation in a direction which is parallel to the surface to be treated, and which may possibly be substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the outlet slot of the nozzle.

Ce procédé s'applique notamment au décapage des surfaces.This process applies in particular to the pickling of surfaces.

Par exemple, les particules projetées peuvent être des particules à base d'amidon ou à base de matière plastique.For example, the projected particles can be starch-based or plastic-based particles.

Le procédé de traitement de surface selon l'invention est particulièrement adapté au décapage d'une surface de forme très précise ou sensible aux agressions, par exemple une surface extérieure d'un avion.The surface treatment method according to the invention is particularly suitable for stripping a surface very precise or sensitive to attack, for example example an exterior surface of an airplane.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaítront au cours de la description suivante de certaines de ses formes de réalisation, données à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, en regard des dessins joints.Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear during the following description of some of its embodiments, given as of nonlimiting examples, with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Sur les dessins :

  • la figure 1 est une vue en coupe d'une buse de traitement de surface selon une forme de réalisation de l'invention, la coupe étant prise selon la ligne I-I des figures 2 et 3,
  • la figure 2 est une vue en élévation depuis l'arrière de la buse de la figure 1,
  • la figure 3 est une vue en élévation depuis l'avant de la buse de la figure 1,
  • le figure 3A est une vue similaire à la figure 3, pour une variante de la buse des figures 1 à 3,
  • la figure 4 est une vue partielle en perspective de la buse des figures 1 à 3, en cours de fonctionnement,
  • et la figure 5 est une vue schématique d'un dispositif de traitement de surface incluant une buse telle que celle des figures 1 à 3.
In the drawings:
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a surface treatment nozzle according to an embodiment of the invention, the section being taken along line II of FIGS. 2 and 3,
  • FIG. 2 is an elevation view from the rear of the nozzle of FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 3 is an elevation view from the front of the nozzle of FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 3A is a view similar to FIG. 3, for a variant of the nozzle of FIGS. 1 to 3,
  • FIG. 4 is a partial perspective view of the nozzle of FIGS. 1 to 3, during operation,
  • and FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a surface treatment device including a nozzle such as that of FIGS. 1 to 3.

La buse de traitement de surface des figures 1 à 3 comporte un canal central qui s'étend longitudinalement entre un orifice d'entrée 3 et un orifice de sortie 4.The surface treatment nozzle of Figures 1 to 3 has a central channel which extends longitudinally between an inlet 3 and an outlet 4.

L'orifice d'entrée 3 du canal comporte un logement 31 qui est adapté à recevoir une extrémité d'un conduit d'alimentation qui amène jusqu'au canal de la buse un flux de gaz sous pression transportant des particules solides avec éventuellement des gouttelettes de liquide. Ce logement 31 ne fait pas à proprement parler partie du canal central de la buse, puisqu'il n'est pas en contact avec le flux de gaz sous pression ni avec les particules solides transportées par ce flux de gaz.The inlet orifice 3 of the channel comprises a housing 3 1 which is adapted to receive one end of a supply duct which brings to the channel of the nozzle a flow of pressurized gas transporting solid particles with possibly liquid droplets. This housing 3 1 is not strictly speaking part of the central channel of the nozzle, since it is not in contact with the flow of gas under pressure or with the solid particles transported by this flow of gas.

A partir du logement 31, le canal central de la buse comporte, dans le sens de l'écoulement des particules solides, d'abord un tronçon convergent 6, puis un tronçon divergent 7.From the housing 3 1 , the central channel of the nozzle comprises, in the direction of flow of the solid particles, first a convergent section 6, then a divergent section 7.

L'orifice d'entrée 3 de la buse présente une section circulaire, et le tronçon convergent 6 présente une section qui varie continûment entre une section circulaire à son extrémité d'amont, et une section aplatie, notamment elliptique, à son extrémité d'aval, c'est-à-dire au niveau du col 5 qui sépare le tronçon convergent 6 du tronçon divergent 7. Ainsi, le tronçon convergent 6 s'aplatit progressivement entre son extrémité d'amont et son extrémité d'aval.The nozzle inlet 3 has a cross section circular, and the converging section 6 has a section which varies continuously between a circular section at its upstream end, and a flattened section, in particular elliptical, at its downstream end, i.e. at the level of the neck 5 which separates the converging section 6 from the section divergent 7. Thus, the converging section 6 flattens gradually between its upstream end and its end downstream.

Par ailleurs, l'orifice de sortie 4 de la buse est une fente allongée, et le tronçon divergent 7 présente lui-même une section aplatie parallèlement à la fente de sortie 4.Furthermore, the outlet orifice 4 of the nozzle is an elongated slot, and the divergent section 7 has itself a flattened section parallel to the exit slot 4.

Plus précisément, dans l'exemple particulier qui est représenté sur les dessins, le tronçon divergent 7 présente, au voisinage du col 5, une section elliptique qui correspond exactement à la section de l'extrémité d'aval du tronçon convergent 6.More specifically, in the particular example which is shown in the drawings, the divergent section 7 has, in the vicinity of col 5, an elliptical section which corresponds exactly at the section of the downstream end of the section converge 6.

Cette section elliptique se déforme progressivement vers la fente de sortie 4 en s'élargissant légèrement dans la direction de l'axe longitudinal 12 de la fente de sortie, jusqu'à une largeur l donnée au niveau de la fente de sortie, et en augmentant d'épaisseur au voisinage des bords latéraux 71 du tronçon divergent 7, jusqu'à former des parties latérales élargies 41 d'épaisseur e au niveau des extrémités de la fente de sortie 4.This elliptical section gradually deforms towards the exit slot 4 by widening slightly in the direction of the longitudinal axis 12 of the exit slot, up to a width l given at the exit slot, and increasing thick in the vicinity of the lateral edges 7 1 of the divergent section 7, until forming enlarged lateral parts 4 1 of thickness e at the ends of the outlet slot 4.

Le rapport l/e peut être par exemple supérieur à 2.The ratio l / e can for example be greater than 2.

Eventuellement, comme représenté sur la figure 3A, le tronçon divergent 7 pourrait éventuellement comporter aussi un élargissement progressif en son centre, jusqu'à former également une partie élargie 42 au centre de la fente de sortie 4, cette partie centrale élargie étant séparée des parties latérales élargies 41 par des parties de section plus étroite.Optionally, as shown in FIG. 3A, the divergent section 7 could possibly also include a progressive widening in its center, until it also forms an enlarged part 4 2 at the center of the outlet slot 4, this enlarged central part being separated from the lateral parts widened 4 1 by parts of narrower section.

Le col 5 entre le tronçon convergent 6 et le tronçon divergent 7 est constitué par la ligne d'intersection entre les surfaces intérieures desdits tronçons convergents et divergents, de sorte que le canal central de la buse ne comporte aucune discontinuité de section, c'est-à-dire aucune surface formant un obstacle brusque à l'écoulement de gaz comprimé ou un élargissement brusque.The neck 5 between the converging section 6 and the section divergent 7 is formed by the line of intersection between the interior surfaces of said converging sections and divergent, so that the central channel of the nozzle does not has no section discontinuity, i.e. no surface forming an abrupt obstacle to the flow of compressed gas or sudden enlargement.

De plus, le canal de la buse comporte de préférence une section non anguleuse, même au niveau des bords latéraux 71 du tronçon convergent 7, où la section du canal présente un faible rayon de courbure.In addition, the channel of the nozzle preferably has a non-angular section, even at the side edges 7 1 of the converging section 7, where the section of the channel has a small radius of curvature.

La buse de traitement de surface de l'invention peut être réalisée de diverses façons. Dans l'exemple particulier représenté sur les dessins, cette buse est réalisée par moulage de deux pièces 11 et 12, en un matériau métallique de grande dureté, ces deux pièces étant assemblées selon un plan de joint 13 parallèle à l'axe longitudinal 12 de la fente de sortie 4, au moyen de vis 2.The surface treatment nozzle of the invention can be produced in various ways. In the particular example shown in the drawings, this nozzle is produced by molding two parts 1 1 and 1 2 , from a metallic material of very hardness, these two parts being assembled according to a joint plane 1 3 parallel to the axis longitudinal 12 of the outlet slot 4, by means of screws 2.

Lorsque la buse de traitement de surface de l'invention est en fonctionnement, on amène des particules solides dans un courant de gaz comprimé, par exemple de l'air comprimé sous 2 à 3 bars, à l'entrée du tronçon convergent 6.When the surface treatment nozzle of the invention is in operation, we bring solid particles in a stream of compressed gas, for example air compressed at 2 to 3 bars, at the entrance to the converging section 6.

Cet écoulement gazeux chargé de particules solides est accéléré dans le tronçon convergent 6, et en général devient sonique au niveau du col 5 puis supersonique juste en aval, de sorte qu'il continue à être accéléré dans le tronçon divergent 7.This gas flow charged with solid particles is accelerated in the converging section 6, and in general becomes sonic at neck 5 then just supersonic downstream so that it continues to be accelerated in the divergent section 7.

Pour traiter une surface 8, par exemple pour décaper une surface extérieure d'un avion, on dispose la buse 1 au-dessus de la surface 8, de façon que l'axe longitudinal 12 de la fente de sortie 4 de la buse soit disposé parallèlement à ladite surface 8. En même temps qu'on projette des particules solides sur la surface 8 pour la décaper, c'est-à-dire par exemple pour enlever de la peinture qui recouvre ladite surface 8, on déplace la buse 1 essentiellement en translation selon une direction 9 (dans un sens ou dans l'autre de cette direction) parallèle à la surface 8 et en général, mais non exclusivement, perpendiculaire à l'axe longitudinal 12 de la fente de sortie 4.To treat a surface 8, for example to strip an outer surface of an airplane, we have nozzle 1 above of the surface 8, so that the longitudinal axis 12 of the outlet slot 4 of the nozzle is arranged parallel to said surface 8. At the same time that we project solid particles on the surface 8 to strip it, i.e. for example to remove paint that covers said surface 8, the nozzle 1 is displaced essentially by translation in a direction 9 (in one direction or in the other of this direction) parallel to the surface 8 and in general, but not exclusively, perpendicular to the axis longitudinal 12 of the outlet slot 4.

Le mouvement de la buse 1 peut éventuellement comporter des oscillations parallèlement à la surface 8 et perpendiculairement à la direction 9, mais la buse 1 se déplace alors toujours en translation, c'est-à-dire avec son axe 12 toujours dans la même direction.The movement of the nozzle 1 can possibly have oscillations parallel to the surface 8 and perpendicular to direction 9, but nozzle 1 is then always moves in translation, that is to say with its axis 12 always in the same direction.

En plus de son mouvement de translation, il va de soi que la buse peut subir de temps à autre des mouvements entraínant une rotation de son axe 12, notamment lors de manoeuvres de repositionnement.In addition to its translational movement, it goes from so that the nozzle can be moved from time to time causing a rotation of its axis 12, especially during repositioning maneuvers.

Ainsi, le déplacement de la buse de traitement de surface 1 produit une trace décapée 10 qui est convenablement traitée sur toute sa largeur, sans aucune agression du matériau sous-jacent de la surface 8 au centre de la trace 10.Thus, the displacement of the treatment nozzle of surface 1 produces a pickled trace 10 which is suitably treated over its entire width, without any aggression of the underlying material from surface 8 to the center of the trace 10.

De préférence, et notamment lorsque la surface à traiter 8 doit conserver une forme extrêmement précise ou est formée en un matériau délicat (matériau composite ou couche de fond par exemple), les particules projetées peuvent être notamment des particules à base de matière plastique ou des particules à base d'amidon, par exemple des particules à base d'amidon de blé.Preferably, and in particular when the surface to treat 8 must keep an extremely precise shape or is made of a delicate material (composite material or base layer for example), the projected particles may in particular be particles based on matter plastic or starch-based particles, for example wheat starch particles.

La buse de traitement de surface 1 selon l'invention peut notamment être utilisée dans le dispositif de traitement de surface 20 représenté sur la figure 5.The surface treatment nozzle 1 according to the invention can in particular be used in the treatment device surface 20 shown in FIG. 5.

Ce dispositif comporte une tête de travail 21 formant une enceinte qui est ouverte vers la surface à traiter 8, la sortie de la buse 1 débouchant à l'intérieur de cette enceinte.This device comprises a working head 21 forming an enclosure which is open towards the surface to treat 8, the outlet of the nozzle 1 opening inside of this enclosure.

La tête de travail 21 est maintenue appliquée sur la surface 8, ou au voisinage de la surface 8, et elle est également déplacée le long de la surface 8 par un système de positionnement 22 qui peut être de tout type connu.The working head 21 is kept applied to the surface 8, or near surface 8, and it is also moved along surface 8 by a system of positioning 22 which can be of any known type.

Dans l'exemple représenté, le système de positionnement 22 comporte une poutre de guidage 23 qui peut être fixe pendant le fonctionnement de la buse 1, un chariot 24 déplaçable le long de la poutre de guidage 23, un bras articulé robotisé 25 qui est fixé au chariot 24, et des vérins à air comprimé 26 qui maintiennent la tête de travail 21 contre la surface 8.In the example shown, the positioning system 22 has a guide beam 23 which can be fixed during the operation of the nozzle 1, a carriage 24 movable along the guide beam 23, one arm articulated robotic 25 which is fixed to the carriage 24, and compressed air cylinders 26 which hold the working head 21 against surface 8.

Eventuellement, la poutre de guidage 23 peut être montée à l'extrémité d'une flèche articulée portée par un véhicule (non représenté).Optionally, the guide beam 23 can be mounted at the end of an articulated boom carried by a vehicle (not shown).

L'entrée 3 de la buse 1 est alimentée en gaz comprimé, notamment en air comprimé, chargé de particules solides, par un conduit d'alimentation 30 qui est relié d'une part à un compresseur 31, et d'autre part à une trémie d'alimentation 32 contenant une réserve de particules solides.The inlet 3 of the nozzle 1 is supplied with compressed gas, especially in compressed air, loaded with solid particles, by a supply conduit 30 which is connected on the one hand to a compressor 31, and on the other hand to a feed hopper 32 containing a reserve of solid particles.

De préférence, la tête de travail 21 est également reliée à un conduit d'aspiration 33 pour collecter les particules solides après leur projection, ce conduit d'aspiration 33 étant relié à une turbine d'aspiration 34 par l'intermédiaire d'une trémie de collecte 35 qui reçoit les particules solides aspirées.Preferably, the working head 21 is also connected to a suction duct 33 to collect the solid particles after their projection, this conduit suction 33 being connected to a suction turbine 34 via a collection hopper 35 which receives the solid particles sucked up.

Les particules solides collectées dans la trémie 35 peuvent être recyclées vers la trémie d'alimentation 32, auquel cas elles traversent de préférence un système de séparation 36 qui peut par exemple séparer par tamisage les particules trop grosses ou trop petites, par centrifugation les particules trop lourdes, éventuellement par aimantation les particules métalliques, pour envoyer ces particules séparées au rebut en 37. Le système de séparation 36 peut en outre recevoir des particules solides neuves depuis une réserve 38.Solid particles collected in the hopper 35 can be recycled to the feed hopper 32, in which case they preferably pass through a system of separation 36 which can for example separate by sieving the particles too large or too small, by centrifugation excessively heavy particles, possibly by magnetization metallic particles, to send these particles separated in waste at 37. The separation system 36 can in addition to receiving new solid particles from a reserve 38.

De préférence le compresseur 31 alimente la buse 1 avec un débit de gaz suffisant pour que l'écoulement de gaz dans la buse 1 devienne sonique au niveau du col 5 puis supersonique dans le tronçon divergent 7.Preferably the compressor 31 feeds the nozzle 1 with sufficient gas flow for the gas flow in nozzle 1 becomes sonic at the neck 5 then supersonic in the divergent section 7.

Claims (11)

  1. Surface treatment nozzle adapted for projecting solid particles carried in a gas stream under pressure, this nozzle being provided with a single inlet (3) to receive the solid particles mixed to the gas stream under pressure and a single outlet (4) to project the solid particles, the outlet (4) having the shape of an elongated slot which has a longitudinal axis (12) and extends along this longitudinal axis between two ends, the nozzle including a channel (6, 7) having, in the direction of flow of the solid particles, first a converging section (6) which communicates with the inlet (3) of the nozzle, and a diverging section (7) which opens outside the nozzle through the outlet slot (4) and which has along its entire length a cross-section of flattened shape which is parallel to said outlet slot, the diverging section additionally having two lateral edges (71) which extend along said diverging section each until reaching an end of the outlet slot,
    characterised in that the channel (6, 7) has progressive variations of cross-section along its entire length, in that the converging section (6) has a downstream end (5) which has a cross-section which is flattened parallel to the outlet slot (4), and in that the diverging section (7) has, at least towards its outlet slot (4), two lateral parts of widened cross-section (41) respectively in the vicinity of the two lateral edges (71), these two lateral parts of widened cross-section being separated by at least one part of narrower cross-section.
  2. Nozzle according to claim 1, in which the converging section includes an upstream end which has a circular cross-section.
  3. Nozzle according to any one of claims 1 and 2, in which the diverging section (7) has, substantially along its entire length, said two lateral parts of widened cross-section (41).
  4. Nozzle according to any one of claims 1 to 3, in which the diverging section (7) additionally has, at least in the vicinity of its outlet slot (4), a central part of widened cross-section (42) which is separated from each lateral part of widened cross-section (41) by means of a part of narrower cross-section.
  5. Device for surface treatment including a surface treatment nozzle according to any one of the preceding claims, and feeding means for supplying at the inlet (3) of the nozzle, solid particles mixed to the gas stream under pressure, with a sufficient flow rate to enable the gas stream to be supersonic in the diverging section (7).
  6. Device for surface treatment, including a surface treatment nozzle according to any one of claims 1 to 4, and positioning means (22) to move the nozzle essentially in translation along a treated surface (8).
  7. Process for surface (8) treatment by projecting solid particles carried in a gas stream under pressure, in which:
    the particles are projected by means of a nozzle provided with a single inlet (3) to receive the solid particles mixed to the gas stream under pressure and a single outlet (4) for projecting the solid particles, the outlet (4) having the shape of an elongated slot which has a longitudinal axis (12) and extends along this longitudinal axis between two ends, the nozzle including a channel (6, 7) having, in the direction of flow of the solid particles, first a converging section (6) which communicates with the inlet (3) of the nozzle, and a diverging section (7) which opens outside the nozzle by means of the outlet slot (4) and which has along its entire length a cross-section of flattened shape parallel to said outlet slot, the channel (6, 7) having variations of progressive cross-section along its length, the converging section (6) having a downstream end (5) which has a cross-section which is flattened parallel to the outlet slot (4), and the diverging section (7) having two lateral edges (71) which extend along said diverging section each up to an end of the outlet slot (4), the diverging section (7) including at least towards its outlet slot (4), two parts of widened cross-section (41) respectively in the vicinity of the two lateral edges (71), these two parts of widened cross-section being separated by at least one part of narrower cross-section,
    the nozzle is supplied with the mixture of solid particles in the gas stream under pressure at a flow rate which is sufficient to enable the gas stream to be supersonic in the diverging section (7),
    the longitudinal axis (12) of the outlet slot (4) is disposed substantially parallel to the treatment surface (8),
    and the nozzle is essentially moved in translation along a direction (9) which is parallel to the surface treatment (8).
  8. Process for surface treatment according to claim 7, in which the direction (9) of translation of nozzle (1) is substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (12) of the outlet slot of the nozzle.
  9. Process for surface treatment according to any one of claims 7 and 8, in which the surface treatment is a stripping.
  10. Process for surface treatment according to claim 9, in which the particles which are projected are selected from: starch base particles and plastic material base particles.
  11. Process for surface treatment according to any one of claims 9 and 10, in which the surface to be stripped is the outside surface of a plane.
EP95902800A 1993-11-26 1994-11-25 Surface treatment nozzle and method and device for surface treatment using such a nozzle Expired - Lifetime EP0730498B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9314190A FR2712826A1 (en) 1993-11-26 1993-11-26 Surface treatment nozzle, and surface treatment method using such a nozzle.
FR9314190 1993-11-26
PCT/FR1994/001380 WO1995014536A1 (en) 1993-11-26 1994-11-25 Surface treatment nozzle and method and device for surface treatment using such a nozzle

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0730498A1 EP0730498A1 (en) 1996-09-11
EP0730498B1 true EP0730498B1 (en) 1998-04-08

Family

ID=9453275

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95902800A Expired - Lifetime EP0730498B1 (en) 1993-11-26 1994-11-25 Surface treatment nozzle and method and device for surface treatment using such a nozzle

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0730498B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE164785T1 (en)
AU (1) AU1192395A (en)
CA (1) CA2177250A1 (en)
DE (1) DE69409542T2 (en)
FR (1) FR2712826A1 (en)
WO (1) WO1995014536A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AUPP860999A0 (en) * 1999-02-10 1999-03-04 Southern Rubber Pty Ltd Ultra high pressure liquid jet nozzle
US6293857B1 (en) 1999-04-06 2001-09-25 Robert Pauli Blast nozzle
GB2372718B (en) * 2001-01-04 2004-07-14 Workinter Ltd Nozzle intended for the concentrated distribution of a fluid for scouring of surfaces
CN103774529A (en) * 2014-01-20 2014-05-07 南通东南公路工程有限公司 Plate type spreading mechanism

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR737521A (en) * 1932-03-17 1932-12-13 Quiet sprayer for air humidification by steam
GB606036A (en) * 1945-01-01 1948-08-05 Alick Clarkson Venturi cleaning nozzle
US2605596A (en) * 1949-11-10 1952-08-05 William C Uhri Method of cleaning surfaces
FR1087496A (en) * 1952-08-11 1955-02-24 Nozzle usable in particular for projecting abrasive materials entrained by an air jet
US2971250A (en) * 1952-12-19 1961-02-14 Spraying Systems Co Spray nozzle with contoured orifice and method of contouring the orifice
US4771580A (en) * 1984-10-29 1988-09-20 Hardblast Australia Pty. Ltd. Nozzle for sand blasting
GB2191127A (en) * 1986-06-02 1987-12-09 Laing & Sons Ltd James Grit-blasting nozzle
FR2622814A1 (en) * 1987-11-05 1989-05-12 Collard Catherine Water spray (diffuser) characterised by the possibility of rapid cleaning without interruption of the water jet
DE9209724U1 (en) * 1992-07-20 1992-11-26 Pocanschi, Adrian, Dr.-Ing., 7000 Stuttgart Jet nozzle

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69409542T2 (en) 1998-10-29
CA2177250A1 (en) 1995-06-01
DE69409542D1 (en) 1998-05-14
EP0730498A1 (en) 1996-09-11
FR2712826A1 (en) 1995-06-02
ATE164785T1 (en) 1998-04-15
WO1995014536A1 (en) 1995-06-01
AU1192395A (en) 1995-06-13

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