EP0088906A1 - Appareil pour le contrôle de la hiérarchie des émetteurs pour l'usage efficace d'un canal commun par une pluralité des usagers - Google Patents

Appareil pour le contrôle de la hiérarchie des émetteurs pour l'usage efficace d'un canal commun par une pluralité des usagers Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0088906A1
EP0088906A1 EP83101542A EP83101542A EP0088906A1 EP 0088906 A1 EP0088906 A1 EP 0088906A1 EP 83101542 A EP83101542 A EP 83101542A EP 83101542 A EP83101542 A EP 83101542A EP 0088906 A1 EP0088906 A1 EP 0088906A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
channel
time delay
time
station
stations
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP83101542A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0088906B1 (fr
Inventor
Donald Ernest Heins
Robert Clanrye Mcgraffin
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International Business Machines Corp
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International Business Machines Corp
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Publication date
Application filed by International Business Machines Corp filed Critical International Business Machines Corp
Publication of EP0088906A1 publication Critical patent/EP0088906A1/fr
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Publication of EP0088906B1 publication Critical patent/EP0088906B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/40—Bus networks
    • H04L12/407—Bus networks with decentralised control
    • H04L12/413—Bus networks with decentralised control with random access, e.g. carrier-sense multiple-access with collision detection [CSMA-CD]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/24—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to R.F. communications frequency spectrum management. Specifically, in the art of personal communications, an apparatus is provided to permit efficient use of a common channel by a plurality of local users while avoiding interference between users.
  • the R.F. communications spectrum is managed under current law to provide the equitable use of the radio frequency spectrum for members of the public.
  • Current regulations for local geographic users permit the use of a single channel of the communications radio spectrum by multiple parties. This therefore requires time limitations now set to be two minutes, on users assigned to a common frequency, and a brief waiting period is imposed before using the frequency to be certain the channel is clear before a user commences transmission.
  • Two way digital radio has also been used to provide communications between a base station and plurality of subservient or "slave" stations.
  • a controller at each base station is used to determine when a base station may commence transmission.
  • the base station interrogates or "polls" each slave station when the channel is clear thus determining whether a signal is to be sent.
  • the polling takes up channel time which is wasted if the polled stations do not have traffic to send.
  • the present invention will provide management of a communications channel which implements the digital communication concepts embodied in the study.
  • an apparatus for establishing a transmit hierarchy at each master station in a communications system wherein a plurality of transmit-receive master stations for transmitting messages to a slave station utilize a common channel apparatus comprising:
  • a plurality of base stations communicates with a plurality of terminals assigned to a particular base station over a common channel.
  • an apparatus comprising :
  • the slave stations may also include a hierarchy control similar to that at each base station.
  • the slave stations are arranged to detect an absence of energy on the channel for a minimum time as the criteria for permitting transmission to the master station.
  • the slave stations monitor for a period of time equivalent to the time required for a base station message packet, a slave station response time, and slave message packet length before enabling transmission.
  • the system includes a plurality of base master stations M M 2 , M n connected to a common communications channel, wnich in a preferred embodiment is a single frequency of the radio spectrum.
  • the master stations each include a controller which monitors the traffic on the channel.
  • a master station When a master station generates a request to transmit a packet of digital data to a slave station, a request to transmit, RTT, command enables the master station to monitor traffic on the channel.
  • the traffic on the channel is monitored for a period of time equivalent to the time AC1, to transmit the longest message at the slowest baud rate. If a 1200 bits per second rate is used, a message length of 256 bytes requires 1.8 seconds. Therefore, the station must monitor traffic for at least this amount of time. Additional to this basic AC1, is a tolerance time AT, which corresponds to the maximum tolerance between time delays of all master stations. Also AR, the response time of a slave station to a request to transmit from a base station is added to the required listening time. Therefore, the total time for listening to the channel to determine whether it is clear is :
  • a subsequent shorter time delay is initiated at the conclusion of the above time delay. Additional, shorter time delays are initiated in response to a continued detection of traffic on the channel. If N time delays are intiated without an indication that the channel is clear for at least one time delay the cycle is repeated beginning with the longest time interval AC1 + AR + AT.
  • the station which first generates the RTT signal is the first to acquire the channel.
  • this hierarchy is demonstrated.
  • traffic from a station is present on the channel.
  • Station M 1 generates an RTT command at Tl and station M 2 generates an RTT command at T2.
  • Each station M l' M 2 will generate a series of time delays ACN. It is clear that station M 1 will detect during period ACN2 the absence of RF energy for a complete time delay before station M 2 detects for one complete time delay the absence of RF energy. Therefore, at the conclusion of ACN2, M 1 acquires the channel and begins transmitting.
  • the secondary, slave stations need not be controlled according to the above master station control system.
  • the slave stations in a preferred embodiment may transmit after detecting the channel to be clear for a minimum amount of time ABTD. If during a time delay ABTD, RF energy is detected on the channel, subsequent time delays ABTD will be issued until a clear channel is detected during one of the time delays.
  • the time delay will as in the case of the time delay for the base station be equal to the minimum message length time plus the response time for a slave station to respond to an interrogation by a master station.
  • the slave station Once the slave station has acquired the channel, it initiates a bid message containing its address and network identification should there be a plurality of networks comprising master-slave combinations on the same channel.
  • the master station will then answer the bid message with a command to the slave station to transmit. This master station response will also serve to silence other slave stations and master stations requiring them to initiate further time delays, thus holding the channel for the slave station.
  • the slave station responds to the command transmitting its message. Once the master station receives the message an acknowledgement is sent to the originating slave station. If the master station does not acknowledge receipt of the message, the slave station will once again attempt to gain access to the channel by instituting additional time delays and sensing the channel for traffic.
  • the above system permits the use of a plurality of networks each of which may employ different modulation techniques and remain compatible. Access to the channel only depends on detecting the absence of RF energy for a predetermined time.
  • the above system also permits a base station under limited circumstances specified by appropriate regulation to maintain access by transmitting radio frequency energy into the channel. Thus, for public safety services such as fire or police activities, other stations can be silenced while emergency traffic is handled by the base station.
  • the master stations M 1 , M 2 , and M n are arranged in a hierarchy for channel access, absent some emergency condition, in which the first to generate a request to transmit, RTT, is given priority.
  • a controller for each master station which utilizes this hierarchy is shown more particularly in Figure 3.
  • FIG. 3 there is shown a schematic drawing of a controller for each master station.
  • Message data is assembled in a data packet at data receiver and control network 14.
  • shift register 32 is cleared by circuitry (not shown) but which is well known to those skilled in the art.
  • a RTT signal is applied to enable summation network 25 initiating a time delay of TD + TD1 + TD2 + TD3 + TDn.
  • the RTT signal is provided until a CTS, clear to send, signal is produced.
  • This time delay is the composite output signal of time delay generators 19-23 and represents a logical 0.
  • the time delays provided by generators 19-23 are additive, each succeeding time delay beginning where the preceding time delay ends.
  • the composite time delay is provided by summation network 25. This composite time delay is equivalent to ACN1 of Figure 2.
  • the output of summation network 25 is maintained at logic zero.
  • a logic 1 is applied to one input of AND gates 27 and 28.
  • the remaining inputs of AND gates 27 and 28 are connected, respectively, to the output of carrier detector latch 13, and through inverter 29 to carrier detector latch 13.
  • the carrier detector latch 13 is connected to a radio frequency receiver 11 which continuously monitors the receive frequency.
  • the carrier detector latch 13 is reset at the beginning of ACN1 by a signal from AND gate 27 through O R gate 31.
  • the latch is ready to be set by an indication from receiver 11 that RF energy is on the channel constituting a busy channel.
  • the carrier latch 13 is set, and AND gate 28 is not enabled, thus inhibiting transmitter 16 from sending data.
  • the AND gate 27 provides at the conclusion of a time period generated by summation network 25 an input signal to shift register 32.
  • Shift register 32 has a plurality of stages which depending on the number of input signals received, will disable one or more time delay generators 20-23 through inverters 37-39.
  • Clock pulses are provided by clock pulse generator 18 which gate a logic 1 produced by AND gate 27 into the shift register 32.
  • the clock pulses are also applied to AND gates 27 and 28 to provide clocked output. Succeeding logic 1s produced by AND gate 27 will result in additional gating of logic Is into the shift register 32 thus disabling additional time delay generators.
  • AND gate 27 also resets the latch 13 at the beginning of a subsequent, shorter time delay.
  • AND gate 27 At the conclusion of the time delay, produced as a result of a detection of RF energy during the preceding time delay, either AND gate 27 or AND gate 28 will produce a signal depending upon whether carrier latch 13 has detected RF energy during the time delay. If AND gate 27 continues to be enabled, time delay generators 20-23 will all be sequentially disabled, and OR gate 35 will produce a RESET signal for shift register 32 thus permitting the longest time delay to be initiated if the RTT signal remains.
  • detector latch 13 will remain reset. The absence of an indication from carrier detector latch 13 will permit an enabling signal from AND gate 28 to be generated at the conclusion of a time delay produced by summation network 25.
  • OR gate 35 will reset the shift register 32 in response to a CTS signal. The data receiver and control network 14 upon receipt of a CTS signal removes the RTT signal from summation circuit 25.
  • a bid time delay is produced by time delay generator 39 in response to a transmit command and latch 41 is reset.
  • the bid time delay elapses after ABTD seconds.
  • RF energy is detected by detector 40 and latch 41 is set in response to the detected RF energy.
  • Gate 42 will provide an enabling signal to transmitter 44 when an absence of RF energy occurrs during the bid time delay.
  • the enabling signal will key transmitter 44 into operations transmitting data in data assemble 45.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Small-Scale Networks (AREA)
EP83101542A 1982-03-11 1983-02-18 Appareil pour le contrôle de la hiérarchie des émetteurs pour l'usage efficace d'un canal commun par une pluralité des usagers Expired EP0088906B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US06/357,222 US4466096A (en) 1982-03-11 1982-03-11 Apparatus and method for providing transmitter hierarchy control for efficient channel management
US357222 1982-03-11

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0088906A1 true EP0088906A1 (fr) 1983-09-21
EP0088906B1 EP0088906B1 (fr) 1986-08-06

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EP83101542A Expired EP0088906B1 (fr) 1982-03-11 1983-02-18 Appareil pour le contrôle de la hiérarchie des émetteurs pour l'usage efficace d'un canal commun par une pluralité des usagers

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4466096A (fr)
EP (1) EP0088906B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS58166848A (fr)
DE (1) DE3365051D1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0140609A2 (fr) * 1983-10-28 1985-05-08 Honeywell Inc. Isolateur d'erreur pour communications par lignes bus bidirectionnelles
WO1987007797A1 (fr) * 1986-06-09 1987-12-17 Christian Rovsing A/S Af 1984 Procede de couplage d'un transmetteur de donnees a une ligne de signaux et appareil permettant de realiser ledit procede
US4847835A (en) * 1984-11-07 1989-07-11 Inria Institute National De Recherche En Informatique Et An Automatique Process and device for the transmission of messages between different stations through a location distribution network
FR2640832A1 (fr) * 1988-12-15 1990-06-22 Europ Rech Electr Lab Procede d'optimisation d'emission d'autorisation d'acces a un reseau comportant des canaux ouverts

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS58119247A (ja) * 1982-01-08 1983-07-15 Hitachi Ltd デ−タ通信方式
US4560985B1 (en) * 1982-05-07 1994-04-12 Digital Equipment Corp Dual-count, round-robin ditributed arbitration technique for serial buses
US4596012A (en) * 1983-05-25 1986-06-17 Reed Lockwood W Master controller succession system for bus control access for data-communications local area networks
US4538259A (en) * 1983-07-05 1985-08-27 International Business Machines Corporation System for digitized voice and data with means to compensate for variable path delays
US4528663A (en) * 1983-12-09 1985-07-09 Zenith Electronics Corporation Peak load access in a two-way CATV contention system
FR2558667B1 (fr) * 1984-01-19 1987-03-20 Minisystemes Procede de transmission de donnees numeriques, reseau et module mettant en oeuvre le procede
US4757460A (en) * 1985-06-14 1988-07-12 Zenith Electronics Corporation Communications network with individualized access delays
US5239630A (en) * 1990-07-02 1993-08-24 Digital Equipment Corporation Shared bus arbitration apparatus having a deaf node
US5230044A (en) * 1990-07-02 1993-07-20 Digital Equipment Corporation Arbitration apparatus for shared bus
GB2262862B (en) * 1991-12-23 1996-05-22 Motorola Israel Ltd Method and apparatus for contending for access to a communication channel
US5320717A (en) * 1993-03-09 1994-06-14 Moltech Invent S.A. Bonding of bodies of refractory hard materials to carbonaceous supports
US5553072A (en) * 1995-01-30 1996-09-03 Northrop Grumman Corporation Communication apparatus and method
DE69734260T2 (de) * 1996-05-28 2006-07-13 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd., Kadoma Zugriffskontrollverfahren in einem Kommunikationssystem
WO2008104981A2 (fr) * 2007-03-01 2008-09-04 Sandlinks Systems Ltd. Ensemble de lecteurs extrêmement légers pour des applications de localisation et rfid actives
WO2011099907A1 (fr) * 2010-02-15 2011-08-18 Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) Macrodiversité utilisant des valeurs de vraisemblance

Citations (6)

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DE2249670A1 (de) * 1972-10-11 1974-05-02 Licentia Gmbh Anordnung zum vermindern der wahrscheinlichkeit der gleichzeitigen belegung eines uebertragungskanals
US3825897A (en) * 1973-09-24 1974-07-23 Electronic Surveillance Corp L Transmitter control circuit for alarm system
US4063220A (en) * 1975-03-31 1977-12-13 Xerox Corporation Multipoint data communication system with collision detection
GB2006491A (en) * 1977-07-02 1979-05-02 Ml Eng Plymouth Data transmission system
US4199663A (en) * 1978-11-06 1980-04-22 The Boeing Company Autonomous terminal data communications system
EP0022170A2 (fr) * 1979-06-29 1981-01-14 International Business Machines Corporation Procédé pour atteindre la communication des paquets de données dans un réseau de bus à répartition locale et réseau de bus à répartition locale

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US3553656A (en) * 1969-06-03 1971-01-05 Gen Electric Selector for the dynamic assignment of priority on a periodic basis
US3701109A (en) * 1970-11-09 1972-10-24 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Priority access system
JPS5325202B2 (fr) * 1972-08-29 1978-07-25
US4016539A (en) * 1973-09-12 1977-04-05 Nippon Electric Company, Ltd. Asynchronous arbiter
JPS5721140A (en) * 1980-07-15 1982-02-03 Ricoh Co Ltd Communication system

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2249670A1 (de) * 1972-10-11 1974-05-02 Licentia Gmbh Anordnung zum vermindern der wahrscheinlichkeit der gleichzeitigen belegung eines uebertragungskanals
US3825897A (en) * 1973-09-24 1974-07-23 Electronic Surveillance Corp L Transmitter control circuit for alarm system
US4063220A (en) * 1975-03-31 1977-12-13 Xerox Corporation Multipoint data communication system with collision detection
GB2006491A (en) * 1977-07-02 1979-05-02 Ml Eng Plymouth Data transmission system
US4199663A (en) * 1978-11-06 1980-04-22 The Boeing Company Autonomous terminal data communications system
EP0022170A2 (fr) * 1979-06-29 1981-01-14 International Business Machines Corporation Procédé pour atteindre la communication des paquets de données dans un réseau de bus à répartition locale et réseau de bus à répartition locale

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0140609A2 (fr) * 1983-10-28 1985-05-08 Honeywell Inc. Isolateur d'erreur pour communications par lignes bus bidirectionnelles
EP0140609A3 (en) * 1983-10-28 1988-01-07 Sperry Corporation Error isolator for bi-directional communications buses
US4847835A (en) * 1984-11-07 1989-07-11 Inria Institute National De Recherche En Informatique Et An Automatique Process and device for the transmission of messages between different stations through a location distribution network
WO1987007797A1 (fr) * 1986-06-09 1987-12-17 Christian Rovsing A/S Af 1984 Procede de couplage d'un transmetteur de donnees a une ligne de signaux et appareil permettant de realiser ledit procede
FR2640832A1 (fr) * 1988-12-15 1990-06-22 Europ Rech Electr Lab Procede d'optimisation d'emission d'autorisation d'acces a un reseau comportant des canaux ouverts
WO1990007240A1 (fr) * 1988-12-15 1990-06-28 Laboratoire Europeen De Recherches Electroniques Avancees Procede d'optimisation d'emission d'autorisation d'acces a un reseau comportant des canaux ouverts
EP0377361A1 (fr) * 1988-12-15 1990-07-11 THOMSON CONSUMER ELECTRONICS R&D FRANCE SNC Procédé d'optimisation d'émission d'autorisation d'accès à un réseau comportant des canaux ouverts
US5371494A (en) * 1988-12-15 1994-12-06 Laboratoire Europeen De Recherches Electroniques Avancees Method for optimizing the transmission of authorization of access to a network comprising open channels

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS58166848A (ja) 1983-10-03
DE3365051D1 (en) 1986-09-11
JPH037171B2 (fr) 1991-01-31
US4466096A (en) 1984-08-14
EP0088906B1 (fr) 1986-08-06

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