EP0088836A1 - Tournevis électrique - Google Patents

Tournevis électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0088836A1
EP0088836A1 EP82301241A EP82301241A EP0088836A1 EP 0088836 A1 EP0088836 A1 EP 0088836A1 EP 82301241 A EP82301241 A EP 82301241A EP 82301241 A EP82301241 A EP 82301241A EP 0088836 A1 EP0088836 A1 EP 0088836A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrically driven
driver
driven screw
gear
screw
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP82301241A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0088836B1 (fr
Inventor
Katsuyuki Totsu
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT82301241T priority Critical patent/ATE22406T1/de
Priority to DE8282301241T priority patent/DE3273401D1/de
Priority to EP82301241A priority patent/EP0088836B1/fr
Publication of EP0088836A1 publication Critical patent/EP0088836A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0088836B1 publication Critical patent/EP0088836B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B23/00—Details of, or accessories for, spanners, wrenches, screwdrivers
    • B25B23/14—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers
    • B25B23/141—Mechanical overload release couplings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B21/00—Portable power-driven screw or nut setting or loosening tools; Attachments for drilling apparatus serving the same purpose
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B21/00—Portable power-driven screw or nut setting or loosening tools; Attachments for drilling apparatus serving the same purpose
    • B25B21/004—Portable power-driven screw or nut setting or loosening tools; Attachments for drilling apparatus serving the same purpose of the ratchet type

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an electrically driven screw-driver and more particularly to an electrically driven screw driver which is very compact in size and convenient in portability and in which only a prefastening, or screwing step may be carried out by the mechanical force of an electric motor while a finishing step may be performed manually.
  • Electrically driven screw-drivers may mostly be classified into two types, namely one which is directly connected to a commercial current source (100 V) and the other in which a current is supplied to a motor after reduction of its voltage with a transformer. In either case, a connection cord is indispensable for connecting the motor to the electric power source.
  • These screw-drivers may utilize a higher electric output but may be operated portably in only. the range of an extensible cord length.
  • these types of electrically driven screw-drivers may be essentially used for an assembling process in a factory.
  • Another type of electrically driven screw-driver which is of a charging type including a battery-replacement type.
  • This type of screw-driver has a disadvantage of a lower output but has an advantage of portability due to the absence of a connecting cord.
  • the conventional charging type of the screw-driver requires a possibly highest output of a motor and therefore a charging unit of a large capacity, resulting in a big and inconvenient appliance.
  • there have been no screw-driver of a charging type which are small enough to be portable in a pocket, convenient in handling and resistant to a severe operational condition.
  • the portable screw-driver must be sized and designed for balancing a necessary operational capacity and a sufficient electric power to provide a corresponding output (or a battery size).
  • the operational capacity must be so large that the appliance becomes inevitably too big to be carried by one hand.
  • the inventor has studied for eliminating the disadvantages of the conventional charging type of portable screw-driver in the prior art and for developing a very compact, light but convenient electrically driven screw-driver, and has now found out after strict analysis of an operational procedure of the electrically driven screw-driver (hereinafter referred to merely a "screw-driver" for sinplification) that a screw may be fastened into an object, which has already been threaded for receiving the screw, almost without load for about 90% of the fastening procedure and that only a finishing step of about 10% requires an instantaneously strong fastening force.
  • screw-driver for sinplification
  • a so-called tapping screw which is screwed into an object without a threaded hole, may be gradually moved into the object against a considerable resistance while simultaneously making a thread.
  • most of the working amount is directed to the tapping step and a relatively small working amount is directed to a finishing step requiring a strong fastening force.
  • the single fastening procedure has two steps as described hereinabove, it has been found out that about 90% of the total working amount required in the prefastening or screwing step is advantageously performed mechanically, while the remaining 10% in the finishing step of the strong fastening may well be performed manually without a mechanical force.
  • an extent of output to be required in the tapping work as described hereinabove may be sufficiently supplied from a charging battery of a relatively small capacity by combination of a small motor and a suitable reduction system.
  • the finishing step requires much more fastening force, resulting in a big appliance with a higher power source if the fastening force is supplied electrically and mechanically.
  • the conventional portable screw-driver has always utilized a mechanical and electrical force for performing the whole procedure or two steps of operation as described hereinbefore, thus never producing a very compact and light screw-driver which is portable in a pocket. It will be appreciated from the foregoing that if only the prefastening or screwing step occupying most of the total work is performed mechanically but the finishing step requiring a strong fastening force (which is consumed in a very short time) is carried out manually, the mechanical size and the battery capacity may be correspondingly reduced, thereby producing a truly compact and light portable screw-driver. It has been found out, however, that there are a number of problems to be solved in order to embody the idea as described hereinabove.
  • the driver bit it is absolutely necessary for the driver bit to be automatically discontinued on the spot for its rotation upon reaching the predetermined fastening torque (or the predetermined opposite resistance), in order to terminate the screwing step on the optimum timing.
  • the opposite resistance may be varied depending on materials to be fastened such as steel, wood or plastics, it will be appreciated that the fastening torque is difficult to be controlled on the optimum value for automatic discontinuation.
  • the first problem may be solved by providing a ratchet mechanism (capable of transmitting a rotation in only the unidirection but preventing the same in the other direction) at a portion of a chuck having a removable driver bit. Further, it has been confirmed that the ratchet mechanism is conveniently provided with a switching means for preventing the transmission of rotation power in the opposite direction upon either of the forward or reverse rotation of the screw-driver.
  • a torque controlling system having a clutch mechanism at a so-called planetary reduction system which comprises planetary gears operatively connected to a pinion gear, which in turn is connected to an output shaft of an electric motor, and an internal gear meshing with the planetary gears.
  • a general purpose of the invention is to provide an electrically driven screw-driver which is useful in a general fastening operation and is very compact and light, as well as portable in a pocket.
  • the electrically driven screw-driver is characterized in that a ratchet device is mounted to a portion of a chucking shaft provided with a removable driver bit, said chucking shaft being connected to an output shaft of an electric ' motor through a planetary reduction system and that a torque controlling mechanism having a clutch function is mounted to the planetary reduction system.
  • the ratchet device may comprise a ratchet gear provided at a shaft portion of a chuck, a pair of pawls oppositely arranged for holding the ratchet gear threrebetween, and an operating ring for engaging and disengaging either one of said pawls with the ratchet gear through its circumferential rotation and selective pressing of the pair of pawls.
  • the planetary reduction system may comprise planetary gears capable of self-rotating and revolving round through a power transmitted from a pinion gear connected to the output shaft of the electric motor, an internal gear meshing with the planetary gears and providing an orbit for their revolution, and cylindrical casing for rotatably receiving the internal gear.
  • the cylindrical casing is at its end provided with a recess for receiving a reversible switch for the electric motor, operation of said reversible switch being associated with engaging and disengaging operations of the pawls with the ratchet gear through the operational ring of the ratchet device.
  • the cylindrical casing is provided with a hole for receiving a steel ball while the internal gear at its circumference is provided with a notch located oppositely to the hole of the cylindrical casing and further a pressing means is provided for seating the steel ball in the hole onto the notch with a predetermined pressure.
  • the pressing means may comprise a plate spring engaging at its end with the cylindrical casing, and a sliding element which slides on the plate spring to adjust steplessly the pressure of the plate spring on the steel ball.
  • a cylindrical element having a flange is fitted into the cylindrical casing, said flange of the cylindrical element being provided with a hole for receiving the steel ball and further the internal gear at its one side is provided with a flange oppositely to the hole of the cylindrical element, said flange of the internal gear being provided with a radially extending protrusion.
  • a pressing means is arranged for urging the steel ball in the hole of the cylindrical element against the flange of the internal gear with a predetermined pressure.
  • the pressing means may comprise a pressing ring fitted into the cylindrical element, a coil spring inserted between the pressing ring and the electric motor, and pressing element for axially urging the electric motor against the force of the coil spring.
  • the pinion gear connected to the output shaft of the electric motor is supported elastically in the axial direction.
  • a numeral reference 10 represents an electrically driven screw-driver (hereinafter referred to merely a "screw-driver” for simplification), an outer casing 12 of which is shaped in the pistol form as a whole.
  • a charging battery 16 which may be put thereinto from the bottom.
  • the charging battery 16 is connected electrically through a reversible switch 20 to a motor 18 accommodated in a body portion of the outer casing. Further, a connection of the charging battery 16 to a plug of a charging appliance (not shown) introduced into a commercial electric source allows repeated chargings.
  • the planetary reduction system 22 comprises essentially an internal gear 24 of a ring element which is provided on its inner surface with a gear and planetary gears 26 coacting with the inner surface of the internal gear 24 for self-rotating while revolving round.
  • Three planetary gears 26 may be provided, each of which is mounted to a shaft 30 arranged at an apex of regular triangle which is imaginatively drawn on a disc 28.
  • the disc 28 at its center is provided fixedly with an axially extending output shaft 32.
  • Each of the three planetary gears 26 coacts with a pinion gear 36 which is in turn fixed to a rotating shaft 34 of the motor 18.
  • the output shaft 32 is rotatably inserted into and supported by a plain bearing 40 which is fixed near a bottom center of a cylindrical casing 38 encircling the planetary reduction system 22.
  • the rotation power is transmitted through the pinion gear 36, the planetary gears 26 and the disc 28 to the output shaft 32.
  • the system may work well as a reduction device.
  • the internal gear 24 is somewhat smaller in its outer diameter than an inner diameter of the casing 38 and is rotatably received therein. Further, the internal gear 24 is provided at its outer circumference with at least one notch 42 while the cylindrical casing 38 is provided at its corresponding position to the notch 42 with a hole 44 in order to fix the internal gear 24 to the cylindrical casing 38.
  • a steel ball 46 of a predetermined diameter as shown in Figure 2, which ball is elastically supported by a plate spring 48 arranged in parallel to the cylindrical casing 38 for preventing the removal of the steel ball 46 from the hole 44.
  • a slider 50 is arranged in slidable contact with the upper surface of the plate spring 48.
  • the slider 50 may be smoothly guided in the axial direction by a sliding groove (not shown) for preventing the same from slipping out of the outer casing 12. It will be appreciated from Fig. 2 that when the slider 50 is moved axially toward the right the plate spring 48 urges the steel ball 46 more-strongly into the notch 42, whereas the movement of the slider 50 toward the left may release the pressure gradually and steplessly.
  • ratchet device connected to the output shaft 32 of the reducer will now be described in detail with reference to Fig. 1 and Fig. 4.
  • the output shaft 32 is provided with a well-known quick-chuck 54 for convenient mounting and removal of the driver bit 52.
  • a sleeve portion, where the quick-chuck 54 is put onto the output shaft 32, is provided at its end with a ratchet gear 56, as shown in Fig. 4.
  • the ratchet gear 56 supports a pair of pawls 58 of triangular plate pieces, each of which swings on a shaft 60 in the axially outward direction.
  • the ratchet gear 56 is held between the pair of pawls 58, 58, their sharp edges of which mesh with the former.
  • a pawl-pressing level 64 of an arc shape is arranged circumferentially and slidably over a predetermined angle, while the outer casing 12 is provided with a turnable cylindrical cap 66 of a pot type into which the lever 64 is received.
  • the pressing lever 64 is determined in such a size that the top end thereof may contact either one of the pawls 58 in the extreme limit of its turning angle and urge the contacted pawl 58 swingably toward the opposite direction relative to the arrows A and B against the elastic force applied by the wire spring 62, as shown in Fig. 4.
  • a suitable click stop mechanism may be provided for ensuring reliable stoppage of the cap 66 at each position for forward, fixed or reverse rotation.
  • the anticlockwise sliding movement of the lever 64 urges the pawl 58 (the left side in Fig. 4) swingably in the anticlockwise direction, thereby disengaging the sharp edge of the pawl 58 from the ratchet gear 56.
  • the ratchet gear 56 is turned clockwise, then the other pawl 58 (the right side in Fig. 4) swings anticlockwise against the elastic force applied by the wire spring 62 and is disengaged from one tooth of the ratchet gear 56, thereby allowing one tooth of the ratchet gear to move clockwise and unidirectionally. Then, the pawl 58 is engaged with the next tooth under the elastic action of the wire spring 62.
  • the ratchet mechanism is set to a forward turning position and the slider 50 is adjusted to give a suitable pressure on the steel ball, thus starting a fastening operation.
  • resistance to the fastening increases gradually to reach the predetermined value of the torque.
  • the load due to the resistance from the driver bit 52 is transmitted successively through the output shaft 32, the disc 28, the planetary gears 26, the internal gear 24 and the steel ball 46 to the cylindrical casing 38. If the load exeeds the radial pressure on the steel ball 46 applied by the plate spring 48, the ball 46 is forcibly removed from the notch 42, thereby releasing the fixation of the internal gear 24 relative to the cylindrical casing 38.
  • the finishing step of fastening is completed by turning the gripping part 14 manually, because the driver bit 52 is operatively associated with the ratchet mechanism in the forward direction.
  • the turning angle of the gripping part 14 is in the order of 30°, but the ratchet mechanism allows the fastening step of any angle to be completed by the repeated movement of the gripping part while keeping the driver bit 52 fitted into a slot of screw.
  • strongly fastened screw may be unfastened manually at first by changing the turning direction of the ratchet mechanism and then withdrawn mechanically by the electric motor.
  • Figures 5 and 6 show another embodiment of the screw-driver according to the invention.
  • an operating element 69 for a power switch 68 is arranged above the gripping part 14 of the outer casing 12, while a reversible switch 20 for the motor 18 connected in series to the power switch 68 is received in a recess 71 formed in the cylindrical casing at its end.
  • the reversible switch 20 is arranged between a pair of operational pieces 70, 70 provided within the cylindrical cap 66, as shown in Fig. 5, so that the engaging and disengaging operation of the pawls 58 with the ratchet gear 56 may be associated with the switching operation of the reversible switch 20.
  • a double reduction system which comprises a power transmitting gear 72 arranged at the shaft of the disc 28, a second planetary gear 74 meshing with the gear 72, and a disc 76 fixed to the output shaft 32 and supporting the second planetary gear 74.
  • a cylindrical casing 38 Within the cylindrical casing 38 is fitted a cylindrical element 78 having a flange 77 adjacent to the internal gear 24.
  • the flange 77 is provided with a hole 80 into which is received a steel ball 82, while the internal gear 24 at its one side is provided with a flange 84 on which is extented an axial protrusion 86.
  • a pressing ring 88 Into the cylindrical element 78 is fitted a pressing ring 88. Between the ring 88 and the motor 18 is arranged a coil spring 90.
  • a cap 92 Onto the outer casing 12 is screwed a cap 92, rotation of which permits the steel ball 82 in the hole 80 to be urged against the flange 84 of the internal gear 24 through the motor 18, the coil spring 90 and the ring 88.
  • a coil spring 94 Over the shaft 34 of the motor 18 is arranged a coil spring 94 for supporting the pinion gear 36 elastically to the axial direction.
  • the cylindrical cap 77 is turned to preset the ratchet mechanism and the reversible switch 20 at the forward turning position, while the cap 92 is adjusted to have a desired pressure on the steel ball 82.
  • the power switch 68 is turned on for starting the fastening operation.
  • the resistance increases gradually to reach the predetermined value of torque.
  • the load due to the resistance is transmitted from the driver bit 52 through the output shaft 32 and disc 76 to the second planetary gear 74 (in this case, the load is enough heavy to be transmitted to the second planetary gear 74 rather than to the transmission gear 72) and further from the second planetary gear 74 through the internal gear and the protrusion 86 to the steel ball 82.
  • the capacity and number of the charging batteries may be small, resulting in a very compact and light appliance, which is very convenient in portability.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Details Of Spanners, Wrenches, And Screw Drivers And Accessories (AREA)
  • Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)
EP82301241A 1982-03-11 1982-03-11 Tournevis électrique Expired EP0088836B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT82301241T ATE22406T1 (de) 1982-03-11 1982-03-11 Elektrisch betaetigter schraubenzieher.
DE8282301241T DE3273401D1 (en) 1982-03-11 1982-03-11 An electrically driven screw-driver
EP82301241A EP0088836B1 (fr) 1982-03-11 1982-03-11 Tournevis électrique

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP82301241A EP0088836B1 (fr) 1982-03-11 1982-03-11 Tournevis électrique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0088836A1 true EP0088836A1 (fr) 1983-09-21
EP0088836B1 EP0088836B1 (fr) 1986-09-24

Family

ID=8189602

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82301241A Expired EP0088836B1 (fr) 1982-03-11 1982-03-11 Tournevis électrique

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0088836B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE22406T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3273401D1 (fr)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2145359A (en) * 1983-07-15 1985-03-27 Holland Letz Felo Werkzeug Manual screw-driving tool
FR2589097A1 (fr) * 1985-10-24 1987-04-30 Black & Decker Inc Tournevis motorise
EP0222658A1 (fr) * 1985-10-24 1987-05-20 Black & Decker Inc. Tournevis motorisé avec verrouillage de la broche
EP0293706A1 (fr) * 1987-06-05 1988-12-07 Deutsche Gardner-Denver GmbH & Co Outil de vissage
DE4128651A1 (de) * 1991-08-29 1993-03-04 Gardena Kress & Kastner Gmbh Elektroschrauber
GB2343855A (en) * 1998-11-23 2000-05-24 Ching Chou Lin Gear transmission cartridge
WO2000071299A2 (fr) * 1999-05-25 2000-11-30 Alexander James Cameron Dunbar Tournevis actionne avec systeme automatique de chargement de vis ou de boulons
WO2005051606A1 (fr) * 2003-11-27 2005-06-09 Robert Bosch Gmbh Perçeuse-visseuse manuelle
EP3005963A1 (fr) 2014-10-08 2016-04-13 Medartis Holding AG Machine-outil electrique, notamment tournevis electrique, a utiliser en chirurgie

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6273200B1 (en) 1999-07-07 2001-08-14 Black & Decker Inc. Screwdriver with manuel spindel lock
CN110576405B (zh) * 2019-08-15 2020-12-08 江西万上实业有限公司 一种装配用螺丝钉枪

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2179724A (en) * 1937-11-03 1939-11-14 Independent Pueumatic Tool Co Nut or screw setting attachment for electric tools
DE1078958B (de) * 1958-04-24 1960-03-31 Hanns Fickert Elektroschraubenzieher
US3491616A (en) * 1968-07-01 1970-01-27 Jean Paul Albert Electric ratchet wrench
DE2513648A1 (de) * 1975-03-27 1976-09-02 Holland Letz Felo Werkzeug Ratschen-schraubendreher
US4078589A (en) * 1976-05-10 1978-03-14 Miller Walter L Battery driven screwdriver
FR2396626A1 (fr) * 1977-07-07 1979-02-02 Totsu Katsuyuki Appareil de fixation pour le serrage de vis ou analogues
EP0026738A1 (fr) * 1979-09-17 1981-04-08 Bernard Lecureux Tournevis

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2179724A (en) * 1937-11-03 1939-11-14 Independent Pueumatic Tool Co Nut or screw setting attachment for electric tools
DE1078958B (de) * 1958-04-24 1960-03-31 Hanns Fickert Elektroschraubenzieher
US3491616A (en) * 1968-07-01 1970-01-27 Jean Paul Albert Electric ratchet wrench
DE2513648A1 (de) * 1975-03-27 1976-09-02 Holland Letz Felo Werkzeug Ratschen-schraubendreher
US4078589A (en) * 1976-05-10 1978-03-14 Miller Walter L Battery driven screwdriver
FR2396626A1 (fr) * 1977-07-07 1979-02-02 Totsu Katsuyuki Appareil de fixation pour le serrage de vis ou analogues
EP0026738A1 (fr) * 1979-09-17 1981-04-08 Bernard Lecureux Tournevis

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2145359A (en) * 1983-07-15 1985-03-27 Holland Letz Felo Werkzeug Manual screw-driving tool
FR2589097A1 (fr) * 1985-10-24 1987-04-30 Black & Decker Inc Tournevis motorise
EP0222658A1 (fr) * 1985-10-24 1987-05-20 Black & Decker Inc. Tournevis motorisé avec verrouillage de la broche
US4754669A (en) * 1985-10-24 1988-07-05 Black & Decker Inc. Motor driven screwdriver with spindle lock
EP0293706A1 (fr) * 1987-06-05 1988-12-07 Deutsche Gardner-Denver GmbH & Co Outil de vissage
DE4128651A1 (de) * 1991-08-29 1993-03-04 Gardena Kress & Kastner Gmbh Elektroschrauber
GB2343855A (en) * 1998-11-23 2000-05-24 Ching Chou Lin Gear transmission cartridge
GB2343855B (en) * 1998-11-23 2000-10-04 Ching Chou Lin Gear transmission cartridge
WO2000071299A2 (fr) * 1999-05-25 2000-11-30 Alexander James Cameron Dunbar Tournevis actionne avec systeme automatique de chargement de vis ou de boulons
FR2794047A1 (fr) * 1999-05-25 2000-12-01 Alexander James Cameron Dunbar Tournevis actionne avec un systeme automatique de chargement pour des vis ou des boulons
WO2000071299A3 (fr) * 1999-05-25 2001-04-19 Alexander James Cameron Dunbar Tournevis actionne avec systeme automatique de chargement de vis ou de boulons
WO2005051606A1 (fr) * 2003-11-27 2005-06-09 Robert Bosch Gmbh Perçeuse-visseuse manuelle
EP3005963A1 (fr) 2014-10-08 2016-04-13 Medartis Holding AG Machine-outil electrique, notamment tournevis electrique, a utiliser en chirurgie

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE22406T1 (de) 1986-10-15
EP0088836B1 (fr) 1986-09-24
DE3273401D1 (en) 1986-10-30

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