EP0086504B1 - A process for generating mechanical power - Google Patents

A process for generating mechanical power Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0086504B1
EP0086504B1 EP83200018A EP83200018A EP0086504B1 EP 0086504 B1 EP0086504 B1 EP 0086504B1 EP 83200018 A EP83200018 A EP 83200018A EP 83200018 A EP83200018 A EP 83200018A EP 0086504 B1 EP0086504 B1 EP 0086504B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
steam
gas
gaseous fuel
turbine
temperature
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP83200018A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0086504A3 (en
EP0086504A2 (en
Inventor
Leonard Willem Ter Haar
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Original Assignee
Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV filed Critical Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Publication of EP0086504A2 publication Critical patent/EP0086504A2/en
Publication of EP0086504A3 publication Critical patent/EP0086504A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0086504B1 publication Critical patent/EP0086504B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K21/00—Steam engine plants not otherwise provided for
    • F01K21/04—Steam engine plants not otherwise provided for using mixtures of steam and gas; Plants generating or heating steam by bringing water or steam into direct contact with hot gas
    • F01K21/047—Steam engine plants not otherwise provided for using mixtures of steam and gas; Plants generating or heating steam by bringing water or steam into direct contact with hot gas having at least one combustion gas turbine

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for generating mechanical power by burning a gaseous fuel in the combustion chamber of a gas turbine and expanding the hot combustion gas in the gas turbine, comprising the steps of premixing the gaseous fuel with steam by vaporizing preheated water in the gaseous fuel stream and conducting the mixture thus formed into the combustion chamber, wherein the combustion gas expanded in the turbine is passed to a steam boiler arranged downstream, subsequently used to heat water which is at least partly used for the said premixing of gaseous fuel and steam, to a temperature in the range from 130 to 200°C by indirect heat exchange and subsequently leaves the steam boiler.
  • the expanded combustion gas from the gas turbine is fed directly to a stack (exhaust) in which several heat exchange operations are carried. Further, the water to be vaporized in the fuel stream is preheated in a heater preceding the gas turbine and in an exhaust heat exchanger.
  • the present invention therefore, provides a process for generating mechanical power by means of a gas turbine, wherein the turbine off- gas is used in a very efficient manner.
  • the process of the invention is characterized in that the mixture of gaseous fuel and steam is heated to a temperature in the range from 250 to 450°C by indirect heat exchange with a first branch stream of hot air originating from a compressor, wherein the heat exchange is at the end pressure of the compressor, the cooled first stream of compressed air being used to prepare the gaseous fuel, and wherein a second branch stream of hot air from the compressor is conducted to the combustion chamber of the turbine.
  • waste heat of a relatively low temperature level is put to good use.
  • the gaseous fuel By thoroughly premixing the gaseous fuel with steam it is ensured that in the combustion of said fuel in the combustion chamber of a gas turbine less nitrogen oxides are formed.
  • the same object can also be aimed at by injecting water or steam into the flame in the combustion chamber, but by thoroughly premixing steam and gaseous fuel up to 35% of steam be saved compared with the method in which steam is injected into the flame.
  • a quantity of 0.1-1.0 kg of steam per kg of gaseous fuel is mixed with said fuel and the mixture is passed to the combustion chamber of the turbine. Within the limits set the quantity of steam depends on the type of gaseous fuel.
  • a larger quantity of steam is advantageously mixed with the fuel than in the event of a fuel producing a less hot flame during combustion, such as carbon monoxide or synthesis gas generated by means of air.
  • the gaseous fuel can be mixed with the steam in any conceivable manner.
  • gaseous fuel having a temperature in the range from 40 to 100°C is preferably contacted with water having a temperature in the range from 80 to 200°C, at a pressure in the range from 10 to 30 bar.
  • the water and fuel are advantageously contacted with each other by spraying the water in the top of a column and allowing the gaseous fuel to rise from the bottom of the column so that fine droplets of water are vaporized in the rising gas stream when they drop down in the column.
  • the fuel/steam mixture leaves the column at the top. It has then a temperature in the range from 130 to 160°C.
  • the fuel/steam mixture is subsequently preferably further heated to a temperature in the range from 250 to 450°C by indirect heat exchange.
  • the offgas is now advantageously first introduced into a steam boiler in which it is used for generating steam at a temperature in the range from 450 to 500°C and a pressure in the range from 40 to 60 bar.
  • the off- gas leaves the steam boiler at a temperature in the range from 140 to 250°C and is subsequently preferably used for heating water to a temperature in the range from 130 to 200°C by indirect heat exchange.
  • Said water is advantageously at least partly used for vaporization in the gaseous fuel as described hereinbefore.
  • gaseous fuel for example methane, ethane and propane
  • a fuel obtained by partial oxidation of a fossil fuel for example hard coal, brown coal, petroleum or a petroleum fraction, with oxygen, air or oxygen-enriched air at a pressure of 10-100 bar.
  • any gas turbine is generally equipped with an air compressor designed for supplying a sufficient quantity of air at adequately high pressure (15-25 bar) in order to keep the outlet temperature of the combustion chamber within the temperatures permitted for the gas turbine, namely 900-1100°C, even without steam having been supplied to the fuel.
  • the extra excess air of the gas turbine compressor resulting from the addition of steam is preferably used for the partial oxidation of extra fossil fuel.
  • a larger quantity of gaseous fuel is then generated than is required for generating the maximum quantity of mechanical power for which the turbine has been designed.
  • This extra quantity of gaseous fuel is advantageously used for supplying heat to the inlet side of the steam boiler described hereinbefore in the course of complete combustion.
  • the offgas from the gas turbine is then advantageously heated by burning part of the gaseous fuel therein.
  • the offgas is preferably heated to a temperature that is 50 to 75°C higher than the desired temperature of the steam to be generated in the steam boiler arranged downstream by indirect heat exchange between the boiler feed water and the heated turbine offgas.
  • a quantity of 10 to 30% of the gaseous fuel can suitably be used for heating the turbine offgas.
  • This method makes it possible to produce steam at 80 bar and 550°C.
  • the mechanical power generated in the gas turbine is advantageously converted into electric power by means of a dynamo.
  • the steam produced in the steam boiler can also be used for electrical power generation by means of a steam turbine and a dynamo.
  • a fuel for example heavy oil
  • a gasification reactor 2 where said fuel is partially burnt by reaction with air supplied through a line 3, to form a raw gas mixture substantially consisting of H 2 , CO and N 2 .
  • the air stream from the line 3 originates from an air compressor 6 via lines 4 and 40, which compressor is an integral part of the apparatus.
  • the raw gas mixture leaves the reactor 2 via a line 7 at a temperature in the range from 1200 to 1400°C.
  • a waste heat boiler 8 It is cooled to a temperature in the range from 250 to 400°C in a waste heat boiler 8 by heat exchange with boiler feed water that is supplied via a line 9 at a temperature in the range from 150 to 300°C and is vaporized to steam in the boiler 8, which steam leaves the boiler 8 through a line 10 at a temperature in the range from 250 to 325°C.
  • the raw gas mixture leaves the boiler 8 via a line 11 and is further cooled in a heat exchanger 13 to a temperature in the range from 150 to 200°C by means of cold boiler feed water that is introduced via a line 14.
  • the raw gas mixture is subsequently passed via a line 15 to a soot-removing unit 16 where it is scrubbed with an aqueous stream that is supplied through a line 17.
  • the substantially clean gas mixture is discharged via a line 18 and an aqueous soot slurry that is drained from the apparatus through a line 19.
  • the substantially clean gas mixture is freed of the remaining solid impurities, mainly soot, in a scrubber 20.
  • This is effected by washing the mixture countercurrently to fresh water that is supplied via a line 21 and an aqueous recycle stream reaching the column 20 via a line 22.
  • the latter stream 22 is a branch stream of a stream 23 that is drawn off at the bottom of the column 20 and is split into the stream 17 and a recycle stream that is recycled to the column 20 via a line 24 and a cooler 25.
  • the gas mixture now substantially purified from solid impurities is discharged from the column 20 via a line 26 to a gas purification unit 27 where the gas mixture is freed of gaseous impurities, mainly H 2 S, at a temperature in the range from 40 to 150°C. It is discharged from the unit 27 via a line 28 and subsequently split into two streams by means of the lines 29 and 30.
  • the gas mixture stream in the line 30 is passed to a column 31 where said stream is sprinkled with droplets of water from a sprinkler 37 from which water vaporizes at low temperatures of 80-180°C. Said water is introduced into the apparatus through a line 32 and subsequently combined with a recycle water stream leaving the column 31 via a line 33.
  • the combined water stream is passed via a line 34 to a boiler 35 in which it is heated from a temperature in the range from 80 to 130°C to a temperature in the range from 120 to 180°C.
  • the stream leaves the boiler 35 through a line 36 in which it is passed to the sprinkler 37.
  • a quantity of the water sprinkled by the sprinkler 37 is vaporized and entrained by the rising gas mixture.
  • the gas mixture thus treated has a water vapour content in the range from 10 to 20% by volume and a temperature in the range from 120 to 140°C.
  • a heat exchanger 39 in which it is heated to a temperature in the range from 250 to 450° by heat exchange with hot air originating from the compressor 6 from which it is discharged via a line 40.
  • the compressed air from the line 40 is split into two branch streams.
  • the first stream is passed to the reactor 2 via the line 4 and the line 3.
  • the second stream is conducted to a combustion chamber 43 of a turbine 44 through a line 48.
  • the combustion chamber 43 the mixture of gaseous fuel and steam with compressed air from the air compressor 6 is ignited and the combustion gas thus formed, which has a temperature in the range from 900 to 1100°C and a pressure in the range from 10 to 20 bar, is expanded in the turbine 44 by which mechanical power is generated.
  • the expanded combustion gas is passed via line 45 to a boiler 35 at a temperature in the range from 500 to 550°C and substantially atmospheric pressure, in which boiler it is cooled by heat exchange with water that is supplied through a line 46, is vaporized and discharged as steam via a line 47.
  • a branch stream of the gas mixture is passed to the boiler 35 via the line 29 and completely burnt with the excess air in the gas turbine exhaust gas (45).
  • the offgas from the boiler 35 leaves the latter via line 49 at a temperature in the range from 125 to 150°C after heat exchange with water in the line 34. It leaves the apparatus via a stack 50.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
EP83200018A 1982-02-16 1983-01-05 A process for generating mechanical power Expired EP0086504B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL8200585 1982-02-16
NL8200585A NL191444C (nl) 1982-02-16 1982-02-16 Werkwijze voor het opwekken van mechanische energie en het genereren van stoom met behulp van een gasturbine.

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0086504A2 EP0086504A2 (en) 1983-08-24
EP0086504A3 EP0086504A3 (en) 1985-03-06
EP0086504B1 true EP0086504B1 (en) 1988-03-09

Family

ID=19839266

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83200018A Expired EP0086504B1 (en) 1982-02-16 1983-01-05 A process for generating mechanical power

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0086504B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS58150030A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AU (1) AU555824B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA1222382A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE3375936D1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL191444C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ZA (1) ZA83985B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4733528A (en) * 1984-03-02 1988-03-29 Imperial Chemical Industries Plc Energy recovery
US4597256A (en) * 1985-04-16 1986-07-01 International Power Technology, Inc. Method and apparatus for improved shutdown procedures in dual fluid Cheng cycle engines
DE3672535D1 (de) * 1985-06-04 1990-08-16 Ici Plc Waermerueckgewinnung.
JPS62203929A (ja) * 1986-03-04 1987-09-08 Mitsubishi Gas Chem Co Inc 酸化反応器オフガスからの動力化回収方法
EP0318706B1 (en) * 1987-11-30 1992-07-29 General Electric Company Water spray ejector system for steam injected engine
US5054279A (en) * 1987-11-30 1991-10-08 General Electric Company Water spray ejector system for steam injected engine
IE63440B1 (en) * 1989-02-23 1995-04-19 Enserch Int Investment Improvements in operating flexibility in integrated gasification combined cycle power stations
NL9201256A (nl) * 1992-07-13 1994-02-01 Kema Nv Steg-inrichting voor het opwekken van elektriciteit met bevochtigd aardgas.
DE4321081A1 (de) * 1993-06-24 1995-01-05 Siemens Ag Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Gas- und Dampfturbinenanlage sowie danach arbeitende GuD-Anlage
EP1065347B1 (en) * 1999-07-01 2007-03-07 General Electric Company Method for fuel gas moisturization and heating
US6502402B1 (en) 2000-11-09 2003-01-07 General Electric Company Fuel moisturization control

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3921389A (en) * 1972-10-09 1975-11-25 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Method and apparatus for combustion with the addition of water
JPS5949410B2 (ja) * 1975-06-20 1984-12-03 株式会社日立製作所 ガス化発電プラントの制御方法
DE3012172A1 (de) * 1980-03-28 1981-10-08 Kraftwerk Union AG, 4330 Mülheim Gasturbine mit durch dampfeinspritzung verringerter stickoxydemissio
US4537023A (en) * 1981-12-10 1985-08-27 Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc. Regenerative gas turbine cycle

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL191444C (nl) 1995-07-04
AU555824B2 (en) 1986-10-09
DE3375936D1 (en) 1988-04-14
JPH0475372B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1992-11-30
EP0086504A3 (en) 1985-03-06
ZA83985B (en) 1984-03-28
NL8200585A (nl) 1983-09-16
AU1138383A (en) 1983-08-25
NL191444B (nl) 1995-03-01
CA1222382A (en) 1987-06-02
EP0086504A2 (en) 1983-08-24
JPS58150030A (ja) 1983-09-06

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