EP0086121B1 - Electro-aimant à équipage mobile à aimant permanent à fonctionnement monostable - Google Patents

Electro-aimant à équipage mobile à aimant permanent à fonctionnement monostable Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0086121B1
EP0086121B1 EP83400065A EP83400065A EP0086121B1 EP 0086121 B1 EP0086121 B1 EP 0086121B1 EP 83400065 A EP83400065 A EP 83400065A EP 83400065 A EP83400065 A EP 83400065A EP 0086121 B1 EP0086121 B1 EP 0086121B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coil
magnet
electromagnet according
electromagnet
magnets
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP83400065A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0086121A1 (fr
Inventor
Gérard Koehler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Telemecanique SA
Original Assignee
La Telemecanique Electrique SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by La Telemecanique Electrique SA filed Critical La Telemecanique Electrique SA
Priority to AT83400065T priority Critical patent/ATE16222T1/de
Publication of EP0086121A1 publication Critical patent/EP0086121A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0086121B1 publication Critical patent/EP0086121B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
    • H01H51/22—Polarised relays
    • H01H51/2209—Polarised relays with rectilinearly movable armature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F7/1607—Armatures entering the winding
    • H01F7/1615—Armatures or stationary parts of magnetic circuit having permanent magnet
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/121—Guiding or setting position of armatures, e.g. retaining armatures in their end position
    • H01F7/122—Guiding or setting position of armatures, e.g. retaining armatures in their end position by permanent magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/02—Bases; Casings; Covers
    • H01H50/023—Details concerning sealing, e.g. sealing casing with resin
    • H01H2050/025—Details concerning sealing, e.g. sealing casing with resin containing inert or dielectric gasses, e.g. SF6, for arc prevention or arc extinction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
    • H01H51/22—Polarised relays
    • H01H51/2209—Polarised relays with rectilinearly movable armature
    • H01H2051/2218—Polarised relays with rectilinearly movable armature having at least one movable permanent magnet
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
    • H01H51/22—Polarised relays
    • H01H51/2227—Polarised relays in which the movable part comprises at least one permanent magnet, sandwiched between pole-plates, each forming an active air-gap with parts of the stationary magnetic circuit

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electromagnet with a moving element with permanent magnet and having a monostable operation.
  • the present invention also relates to a method for adjusting the magnetic conditions of the operation of such an electromagnet.
  • Known permanent magnet devices generally include one or more coils partially surrounding a magnetic circuit which itself comprises a fixed yoke and a movable armature.
  • This armature may consist of a permanent magnet carrying on its pole faces pole pieces projecting on either side of the magnetization axis of the magnet. These pole pieces constitute, with the ends of the fixed yoke, two airgap zones where magnetic forces develop which tend to move the armature towards one or the other of its extreme positions, depending on whether the coil is excited. in a suitable sense, or is not excited. (See for example documents PR-A-2466 844 and FR-A-2 388 386.)
  • Such an apparatus obviously operates in a bistable manner, since, in each of the extreme positions of the armature, the magnetic circuit is closed on the permanent magnet.
  • the present invention aims to produce an electromagnet of the aforementioned type with monostable operation which is of simple and economical construction and of perfectly reliable operation.
  • This position is a stable position, locked by placing the two magnets in series in the circuit formed by the cylinder head and the armature.
  • the armature is brought into its other extreme position and remains there as long as the coil is excited, to return to the rest position when the excitation ceases.
  • the cylinder head comprises two half-cylinder heads partially overlapping each by wrapping one end of the coil to cooperate with planar pole pieces, at least one of which has its cambered ends, said pole pieces being movable transverse to the axis of the movable magnet, and sliding inside the coil and the fixed magnet is secured between the parts of the half-cylinder heads which overlap.
  • the axis of the movable magnet is transverse to the axis of the fixed magnet.
  • the method for adjusting the magnetic conditions of the operation of this latter embodiment is characterized in that pulses of a field are selectively sent to the mobile magnet or to the fixed magnet. magnetic outside.
  • the axes of the magnets being mutually transverse, a field oriented to affect the fixed magnet does not affect the movable magnet and vice versa.
  • an electromagnet comprises a coil 1 comprising a coil 10 wound on a carcass 2 having an essentially rectangular axial cavity 3 in which a frame 4 is mounted to slide freely.
  • the frame 4 is shown in Figure 1 in the middle position, which does not correspond, as will be seen below to a stable operating position.
  • This armature comprises a permanent magnet 5 whose magnetic North-South axis is substantially perpendicular to the direction of sliding of the armature and which carries on its polar faces respective pole pieces 6 and 7 bonded to it.
  • the pole piece 7 has its ends 7a and 7b bent substantially at 90 ° to come opposite the ends 6a, 6b of the planar pole piece 6.
  • the entire frame, except for the ends of the pieces polar, is overmolded in a block 8 of plastic material.
  • Two half-yokes 9a, 9b each wrap one end of the coil 1 and partially overlap on the outside of the coil to clamp between them a permanent magnet 11.
  • the assembly is carried out by overmolding and all of your zone of covering the two half-cylinder heads is included in a block 12 of plastic material.
  • the axes of the movable magnet 5 and of the fixed magnet 11 are parallel to each other.
  • the polarity of the fixed magnet 11 is determined so that the armature 4 is biased towards one of its extreme positions when the coil is not excited. With the polarities indicated in Figure 1, this position will be the upper position (in the figure) of the armature - and will, by definition, be the rest position.
  • pole pieces 6 and 7 are dimensioned and positioned so that the two aforementioned contacts take place simultaneously.
  • the flow of the coil is closed in particular by the half-breech 9b which is polarized North, as is the pole piece 6.
  • the closed air gap 9b-6b is therefore the seat of repulsive forces. It is the same, for the same reason, of the air-gap 9a-7a.
  • the force applied to the armature 4 is therefore directed downwards and displaces this armature towards its extreme working position (FIG. 5). In this position, the forces of attraction have considerably increased by the closing of the air gaps 9b-7b and 9a-6a, while the forces of repulsion have decreased by the opening of the air gaps where they are exerted.
  • the surface of the fixed magnet 11 is larger than that of the movable magnet 5.
  • the axial cavity 3 in which the frame 4 slides consists of two half-shells 102a and 102b assembled along a plane passing through the axis of the coil 1. This assembly can be carried out in a sealed manner, for example by an interlocking also closing one end of the cavity 3.
  • these half-shells carry cheeks 102c so as to constitute the coil carcass 2.
  • the half-cylinder heads 9a and 9b pass through 1 a half-shell 102a. These half-yokes are flat so as not to interfere with the winding operation of the winding 10. They can thus be positioned with precision and sealed by overmolding. This leads to setting up the frame 4 at the time of assembly of the half-shells.
  • intermediate bolts 113a and 113b are respectively attached to the half-yokes 9a and 9b, by notching or otherwise, which enclose the fixed magnet 11 between them.
  • a spring 114 compressed in the working position has the shape of a flat ring embedded in the half-shell 102b and is prestressed on the half-shell 102a. It has a tongue 114a which projects radially inwards from the ring 114 and which is actuated by the end 7a.
  • an O-ring 115 is clamped in a groove made in an axial cylindrical projection 115a formed jointly by the two half-shells 102a, 102b.
  • the projection 115a and the seal 115 are intended to be fitted in a sealed manner in a recess 116a which has the body 116 of a pneumatic valve.
  • a control push-button 117 of this valve can thus be actuated by the end 7b of the pole piece 7, passing through an axial hole 115b of the coil carcass 2.
  • an overmolding (not shown) makes it possible to '' immobilize the valve body on the electromagnet and protect the winding, thus forming an electro-valve.
  • the airgap surfaces could have been increased in particular by thickenings in thickness 6a of the ends of the pole piece 6, owing to the fact that the reinforcement is put in place before the assembly of the half-shells.
  • the reinforcement is put in place before the assembly of the half-shells.
  • the pole faces of the movable magnet 5 and of the fixed magnet 11 which face each other have polarities of the same name, so as to minimize flux leakages in the air between these two permanent magnets.
  • the force obtained at rest is much lower than that obtained at work.
  • the electromagnet according to the invention which has as much force at rest as at work, or even more, therefore makes it possible to obtain exceptional performance.
  • the spring 114 is only used to obtain a higher release tension.
  • conventional, plunger and hermetic electromagnets there is a loss of performance due to the fact that the flux of the coil must pass through a sealed tube to reach the core.
  • FIGS 8 and 9 schematically show another relative arrangement of the magnets.
  • the armature 4 is unchanged, but there are two fixed magnets 211 a and 211 b located on either side of the axis of the coil. These magnets are inserted between the parts which overlap with two similar half-yokes 209a and 209b in the shape of a U fitting into each other, their bottoms being opposite to each other.
  • the polarities of the magnets 211 a and 211 b are chosen so that these magnets are magnetically coupled in parallel with each other, bringing opposite polarities to the two ends of the armature 4.
  • the axis of the fixed magnet 211 a or b is perpendicular to the axis of the coil and ( Figure 9) the axis of the fixed magnet 21 ta or b is perpendicular to the axis of the movable magnet 5.
  • This arrangement makes it possible to better occupy a volume having a small thickness.
  • screws 218 allow the two half-cylinder heads 209a and 209b to be assembled by precisely adjusting their spacing at the air gaps with the armature 4.
  • the fixed and mobile magnets are perpendicular to each other, it is possible to adjust the magnetic operating conditions of the assembled electromagnet by sending pulses of a strong magnetic field selectively in the axis of the movable magnet 5 or fixed magnets 211a-211b, so as to slightly modify the residual induction of these magnets.
  • FIG. 10 a variant of FIG. 8 is represented diagrammatically.
  • On each side of the coil there are two fixed magnets 311a1 ⁇ 311a2 and respectively 311b1 ⁇ 311b2, magnetically coupled in series by a plane intermediate yoke 313a and respectively 313b.
  • Figure 11 is similar to Figure 10, except that the four fixed magnets 411a1-411a2-411b1 and 411 b2 have their axes parallel to that of the coil, while the intermediate yokes 413a and 413b are double arched.
  • the fixed magnets can thus be even closer to the air gap zones.
  • the spacing of the half-cylinder heads 409a and 409b is dependent on the thickness of the magnets if appropriate measures are not taken.
  • magnets made by sintering and grinding it is difficult to obtain thicknesses of less than 2 mm.
  • the cost of such a magnet depends little on its volume for small parts.
  • magnets made from a flexible magnetic material in strip or sheet such as a strip of rubber incorporating anisotropically arranged ferrite powder.
  • the flexible magnets allow finally that the overlapping parts of the two half-cylinder heads have the shape of concentric cylinders leaving between them an annular space into which is introduced one or more sheets of magnetic rubber cambered in the shape of a tile, as shown in the section of Figure 12.
  • FIG. 13 shows in section an electromagnet similar to that of FIG. 7, but intended to actuate a power contact housed inside the closed cavity 3 where the armature 4 moves.
  • the half-shells 619a and 619b delimiting the axial cavity 3 do not have a coil cheek.
  • the half-cutasse 9b has a free face perpendicular to the axis of the coil 1 while the half-breech 9a is arched at right angles so that one of its faces is flush with the outside of the half-shell 619a, parallel to the axis of the coil 1.
  • an insulating stirrup 620 carrying a movable contact bridge 621 held by a spring 622 in a conventional manner.
  • Two fixed contacts 623 are carried by fixed Icmes 624 which pass through the half-shells. These crossings (not shown) can be made in the joint plane of the assembly of the half-shells as in the figure, or in a perpendicular plane.
  • the half-shells can be made of insulating material, or of a die-cast alloy, with isolation of the bushings of the fixed blades 624.
  • the electrical contact is thus protected from dust or aggressive atmospheres and there are no moving parts outside the cavity 3.
  • a gaseous atmosphere suitably chosen and determined pressure or a liquid such as oil, allows the use of less noble metals than silver, or to have better dielectric strength.
  • the coil 10 is broken down, in a conventional manner, into two concentric coils 610a and 610b.
  • One of the windings (610a) can for example be assigned to the call of the contactors, and the other (610b) to its maintenance by means of a switching not shown.
  • the electromagnet according to the invention makes it possible to have a greater restoring force than that given by the fixed and mobile magnets in opposition, by sending in the electromagnet a current of opposite direction to that of normal excitation. To do this, with a double winding, it suffices to send suddenly a capacitor discharge in the call winding, and then to cut the holding winding, with a time constant which is necessarily greater. Indeed, only the resultant in ampere turns influences the armature.
  • FIG. 13 only one fixed magnet 11 has been shown, parallel to the movable magnet 5. But it is understood that one of the arrangements shown in FIGS. 8 to 11 could also have been used. the same is true for Figure 7.
  • the invention is not limited to the examples described above, but it covers all the structures incorporating the provisions described in the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention applies to electromagnets having an H-frame with non-cambered pole pieces and with rotational movement, as described in patent FR-A-2 486 303, or with translation movement in a parallel direction. to the axis of the movable magnet.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
  • Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)
  • Walking Sticks, Umbrellas, And Fans (AREA)
  • Fittings On The Vehicle Exterior For Carrying Loads, And Devices For Holding Or Mounting Articles (AREA)
EP83400065A 1982-01-20 1983-01-12 Electro-aimant à équipage mobile à aimant permanent à fonctionnement monostable Expired EP0086121B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83400065T ATE16222T1 (de) 1982-01-20 1983-01-12 Monostabil arbeitender elektromagnet mit dauermagnetischem anker.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8200792 1982-01-20
FR8200792A FR2520152B1 (fr) 1982-01-20 1982-01-20 Electro-aimant a equipage mobile a aimant permanent a fonctionnement monostable

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0086121A1 EP0086121A1 (fr) 1983-08-17
EP0086121B1 true EP0086121B1 (fr) 1985-10-23

Family

ID=9270131

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83400065A Expired EP0086121B1 (fr) 1982-01-20 1983-01-12 Electro-aimant à équipage mobile à aimant permanent à fonctionnement monostable

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US4451808A (ru)
EP (1) EP0086121B1 (ru)
JP (1) JPS58128706A (ru)
AT (1) ATE16222T1 (ru)
CA (1) CA1192249A (ru)
DD (1) DD208262A5 (ru)
DE (2) DE3361039D1 (ru)
ES (1) ES519104A0 (ru)
FR (1) FR2520152B1 (ru)
IN (1) IN160983B (ru)
SU (1) SU1304759A3 (ru)
YU (1) YU44431B (ru)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3932274A1 (de) * 1988-09-29 1990-04-05 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Polarisierte elektromagnetische vorrichtung

Families Citing this family (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS59166343U (ja) * 1983-04-22 1984-11-07 オムロン株式会社 有極リレ−
EP0130423A3 (en) * 1983-06-30 1985-09-18 EURO-Matsushita Electric Works Aktiengesellschaft Polarized electromagnet and its use in a polarized electromagnetic relay
FR2554957B1 (fr) * 1983-11-16 1986-09-12 Telemecanique Electrique Electro-aimant a fonctionnement bistable, a aimant permanent
FR2554958B1 (fr) * 1983-11-16 1986-02-07 Telemecanique Electrique Electro-aimant bistable a plusieurs armatures comprenant un aimant permanent
FR2554960B1 (fr) * 1983-11-16 1987-06-26 Telemecanique Electrique Electro-aimant comprenant des culasses et une armature comportant un aimant permanent muni sur ses faces polaires, de pieces polaires debordant de l'axe de l'aimant, cet axe etant perpendiculaire a la direction du mouvement
FR2554959B1 (fr) * 1983-11-16 1987-06-26 Telemecanique Electrique Electro-aimant comportant un aimant permanent a mouvement de translation
FR2561436B1 (fr) * 1984-03-14 1986-11-21 Telemecanique Electrique Relais electromagnetique polarise avec interrupteur a simple coupure
FR2568056B1 (fr) * 1984-07-20 1987-01-23 Telemecanique Electrique Electroaimant polarise a trois etats et circuit pour sa commande
FR2569298B1 (fr) * 1984-08-20 1986-12-05 Telemecanique Electrique Electro-aimant polarise a fonctionnement bi- ou mono-stable
FR2575322B1 (fr) * 1984-12-21 1987-02-13 Telemecanique Electrique Electro-aimant, notamment a grandes surfaces d'entrefer
FR2586324B1 (fr) * 1985-08-16 1988-11-10 Telemecanique Electrique Electro-aimant a courant continu a mouvement de translation
JPS6379304A (ja) * 1986-06-02 1988-04-09 Fuji Electric Co Ltd 有極電磁石装置
JPH0752690B1 (ru) * 1986-12-26 1995-06-05
FR2616959B1 (fr) * 1987-06-19 1989-08-25 Koehler Gerard Relais bipolarise miniature protege
FR2618249B1 (fr) * 1987-07-16 1989-11-17 Telemecanique Electrique Electro-aimant a aimant permanent tenu par cage.
DE102010018755A1 (de) * 2010-04-29 2011-11-03 Kissling Elektrotechnik Gmbh Relais mit integrierter Sicherheitsbeschaltung
DE102010018738A1 (de) * 2010-04-29 2011-11-03 Kissling Elektrotechnik Gmbh Bistabiles Relais
DE202011004021U1 (de) * 2011-03-16 2012-07-09 Eto Magnetic Gmbh Elektromagnetische Aktuatorvorrichtung
DE202012009830U1 (de) * 2012-10-15 2012-11-15 Bürkert Werke GmbH Impulsmagnetventil

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FR2358006A1 (fr) * 1976-07-09 1978-02-03 Manuf Fse App Electr Dispositif formant electroaimant, tel que celui d'un relais
DE2816555A1 (de) * 1977-04-18 1978-10-19 Francaise App Elect Mesure Magnetkreisanordnung fuer einen elektromagneten fuer einen mit einem permanentmagneten als anker
FR2388386A1 (fr) * 1977-04-18 1978-11-17 Francaise App Elect Mesure Circuit magnetique d'un electro-aimant comportant une armature munie d'un aimant permanent
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FR2466844A1 (fr) * 1979-09-28 1981-04-10 Telemecanique Electrique Electro-aimant comportant un noyau-plongeur muni d'un aimant monostable ou bistable
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3932274A1 (de) * 1988-09-29 1990-04-05 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Polarisierte elektromagnetische vorrichtung
DE3932274C2 (de) * 1988-09-29 1999-08-05 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Polarisierte elektromagnetische Vorrichtung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH0239846B2 (ru) 1990-09-07
YU44431B (en) 1990-08-31
YU11983A (en) 1985-12-31
ES8400630A1 (es) 1983-10-16
EP0086121A1 (fr) 1983-08-17
SU1304759A3 (ru) 1987-04-15
DE3361039D1 (en) 1985-11-28
ES519104A0 (es) 1983-10-16
FR2520152B1 (fr) 1986-02-28
CA1192249A (en) 1985-08-20
US4451808A (en) 1984-05-29
IN160983B (ru) 1987-08-29
FR2520152A1 (fr) 1983-07-22
JPS58128706A (ja) 1983-08-01
DD208262A5 (de) 1984-03-28
DE86121T1 (de) 1983-11-24
ATE16222T1 (de) 1985-11-15

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