EP0083745B1 - Elongated outlet nozzle for a tundish - Google Patents
Elongated outlet nozzle for a tundish Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0083745B1 EP0083745B1 EP82111469A EP82111469A EP0083745B1 EP 0083745 B1 EP0083745 B1 EP 0083745B1 EP 82111469 A EP82111469 A EP 82111469A EP 82111469 A EP82111469 A EP 82111469A EP 0083745 B1 EP0083745 B1 EP 0083745B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- outlet nozzle
- breaking point
- predetermined breaking
- tundish
- pouring nozzle
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004831 Hot glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009182 swimming Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
- B22D41/50—Pouring-nozzles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
- B22D41/08—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like for bottom pouring
Definitions
- the invention relates to an extended pouring nozzle for intermediate containers in continuous casting plants, which consists of refractory material and which extends into the intermediate container.
- a pouring nozzle with these features is known from DE-A-2 626 986, in which the extension piece extending into the intermediate container is designed as a usable pipe socket. In this way it is to be ensured that a thin, solid metal skin forms away from the pouring opening during the casting process, by means of which refractory impurities or slag residues are to be retained, which may otherwise occur. This could immediately lead to the spout freezing or "blocking".
- the pipe socket Since the pipe socket is to be used up at least partially during use, and in practice this consumption depends on the factors of time and temperature acting on the pipe socket in the intermediate container, the degree of emptying of the intermediate container no longer remains directly controllable or can be influenced and is therefore possible more or less by chance, which strongly contradicts the economic principle of continuous casting.
- the pipe socket due to its material shrinkage due to its consumption, the pipe socket represents a potential slag generator, the pollutants of which enter the strand in finely divided form and thus adversely affect the casting quality.
- the invention has for its object to provide a pouring nozzle of the generic type, which ensures a largely trouble-free and time-controllable pouring phase during continuous casting.
- the object is achieved in that a predetermined breaking point is provided on the pouring nozzle at the level of the bottom of the intermediate container and that the pouring nozzle has two parts adjacent to the predetermined breaking point, of which the upper part rises in the metal band after the predetermined breaking point has been destroyed (cut off) and into the bath slag is swimming.
- the start of watering can be precisely controlled in time.
- the melt can flow away completely and unhindered.
- the separated extension piece of the pouring nozzle remains unreacted in the bath slag after rising.
- the separation can be carried out in a simple manner either by means of an iron rod or with a tightly wound cardboard tube of sufficient length through the plug cover hole, or also through an opening in the side wall of the intermediate container by light impact.
- an increase in the casting performance can be achieved not only in conventional systems, but in particular also in so-called multi-strand systems in which, as is known, twin and / or triple molds are combined to form a block.
- the continuous casting molds combined in the respective lifting tables can oscillate together from the start of casting, and the strands can also be pulled off together, since the continuous casting molds can be supplied with the same amount of metal almost synchronously and without interference.
- the pouring nozzle can consist of two parts, the predetermined breaking point being formed between the two parts by a refractory binder, the heat resistance of which is in the range of the liquidus temperature of the melt to be poured.
- the pouring nozzle can also be expediently formed in one piece.
- Fig. 1 a part of a continuous caster of conventional design is shown, in which a ladle 11 with a melt 10 made of steel and an intermediate container 12 is provided.
- a water-cooled continuous casting mold 16 is provided underneath the base spout 13, with an extended pouring nozzle 14 and slide 15.
- the extended pouring nozzle 14 which consists of a high alumina, refractory material, is composed of a lower part 17 and an upper part 18, which are preferably formed in one piece (Fig. 2).
- a predetermined breaking point in the form of a notch-shaped crusher ring 19 is formed at the transition point of the two parts 17, 18.
- the length of the lower part 17 of the pouring nozzle 14 corresponds essentially to that of a conventional pouring nozzle, one end of which protrudes about 20 to 30 mm above the bottom of the intermediate container in the installed state.
- the total length of the pouring nozzle 14, which is extended in this way, depends on the desired bath level, although in practice a length of approximately 200 mm should be sufficient for the upper part 18.
- Fig. 3 shows a further embodiment of an extended pouring nozzle 20, which, however, is formed in two parts in contrast to the previously described.
- the lower part 21 and the upper part 22 are connected to each other by a fire-resistant binder 23, which in turn forms a predetermined breaking point between the two parts and whose heat resistance lies in the range of the liquidus temperature of the melt to be cast. It is important that the predetermined breaking point is as possible then triggers when the desired bath level in the intermediate container is reached.
- a higher heat resistance of the binder used ensures a longer residence time of the melt before casting in the distributor, so that undesired metal companions can rise into the slag zone.
- Hot glue or other suitable carbon-containing burn-out materials can be used as the material for the binder, which automatically release the upper part 22 when the predetermined temperature is reached.
- a comparably good effect can also be achieved with the help of substances that expand due to their thermal properties during a fire and thus repel the upper extension piece.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
- Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
- Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
- Mold Materials And Core Materials (AREA)
- Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
- Cooling, Air Intake And Gas Exhaust, And Fuel Tank Arrangements In Propulsion Units (AREA)
- Particle Formation And Scattering Control In Inkjet Printers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine verlängerte Ausgußdüse für Zwischenbehälter in Stranggießanlagen, die aus feuerfestem Werkstoff besteht und die sich in den Zwischenbehälter erstreckt.The invention relates to an extended pouring nozzle for intermediate containers in continuous casting plants, which consists of refractory material and which extends into the intermediate container.
Eine Ausgußdüse mit diesen Merkmalen ist aus DE-A-2 626 986 bekannt, bei der das sich in den Zwischenbehälter erstreckende Verlängerungsstück als verbrauchbarer Rohrstutzen ausgebildet ist. Auf diese Weise soll sichergestellt werden, daß sich beim Angießen eine dünne, feste Metallhaut entfernt von der Ausgußöffnung bildet, durch die feuerfeste Verunreinigungen oder Schlackenreste zurückgehalten werden sollen, die andernfalls u. U. sofort zum Einfrieren oder »Blockieren« des Auslaufs führen könnten. Da sich der Rohrstutzen während der Benutzung wenigstens teilweise verbrauchen soll, und dieser Verbrauch in der Praxis nach Maßgabe der im Zwischenbehälter auf den Rohrstutzen einwirkenden Faktoren Zeit und Temperatur verläuft, bleibt der Grad der Entleerung des Zwischenbehälters nicht mehr direkt steuerbar bzw. beeinflußbar und ist daher mehr oder weniger zufallsbedingt, was dem wirtschaftlichen Prinzip des Stranggießens in hohem Maße widerspricht. Außerdem stellt der Rohrstutzen infolge seines verbrauchsbedingten Materialschwunds einen potentiellen Schlackenbildner dar, dessen Schadstoffe in feinstverteilter Form in den Strang eingehen und somit die Gußqualität in unerwünschter Weise beeinträchtigen.A pouring nozzle with these features is known from DE-A-2 626 986, in which the extension piece extending into the intermediate container is designed as a usable pipe socket. In this way it is to be ensured that a thin, solid metal skin forms away from the pouring opening during the casting process, by means of which refractory impurities or slag residues are to be retained, which may otherwise occur. This could immediately lead to the spout freezing or "blocking". Since the pipe socket is to be used up at least partially during use, and in practice this consumption depends on the factors of time and temperature acting on the pipe socket in the intermediate container, the degree of emptying of the intermediate container no longer remains directly controllable or can be influenced and is therefore possible more or less by chance, which strongly contradicts the economic principle of continuous casting. In addition, due to its material shrinkage due to its consumption, the pipe socket represents a potential slag generator, the pollutants of which enter the strand in finely divided form and thus adversely affect the casting quality.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Ausgußdüse der gattungsgemäßen Art zu schaffen, die eine weitgehende störungsfreie und zeitlich steuerbare Angießphase beim Stranggießen gewährleistet.The invention has for its object to provide a pouring nozzle of the generic type, which ensures a largely trouble-free and time-controllable pouring phase during continuous casting.
Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß an der Ausgußdüse auf Höhe des Bodens des Zwischenbehälters eine Sollbruchstelle vorgesehen ist und daß die Ausgußdüse der Sollbruchstelle benachbart zwei Teile aufweist, von denen das obere Teil nach dem Zerstören der Sollbruchstelle (Abtrennen) im Metallband aufsteigt und in der Badschlacke schwimmt.The object is achieved in that a predetermined breaking point is provided on the pouring nozzle at the level of the bottom of the intermediate container and that the pouring nozzle has two parts adjacent to the predetermined breaking point, of which the upper part rises in the metal band after the predetermined breaking point has been destroyed (cut off) and into the bath slag is swimming.
Mit Hilfe der Sollbruchstelle ist, z. B. nach Erreichen einer vorbestimmten Badspiegelhöhe, der Gießbeginn zeitlich exakt steuerbar. Infolge nur geringer Wärmeverluste kann die Schmelze ungehindert und vollständig abfließen. Das abgetrennte Verlängerungsstück der Ausgußdüse verbleibt nach dem Aufsteigen reaktionslos in der Badschlacke. Das Abtrennen kann auf einfache Weise entweder mittels Eisenstange oder mit einem stramm gewickelten Papprohr von ausreichender Länge durch das Stopfendeckelloch oder auch durch eine Öffnung in der Seitenwand des Zwischenbehälters durch leichten Stoß erfolgen.With the help of the predetermined breaking point, z. B. after reaching a predetermined bath level, the start of watering can be precisely controlled in time. As a result of only slight heat losses, the melt can flow away completely and unhindered. The separated extension piece of the pouring nozzle remains unreacted in the bath slag after rising. The separation can be carried out in a simple manner either by means of an iron rod or with a tightly wound cardboard tube of sufficient length through the plug cover hole, or also through an opening in the side wall of the intermediate container by light impact.
Durch den Einsatz der erfindungsgemäßen Ausgußdüse läßt sich eine Steigerung der Gießleistung nicht nur bei konventionellen Anlagen erzielen, sondern insbesondere auch bei sog. Vielstranganlagen, bei denen bekanntlich Zwillings- und/oder Drillingskokillen zu einem Block zusammengefaßt sind. Die in den jeweiligen Hubtischen zusammengefaßten Stranggieß-Kokillen können von Gießbeginn an gemeinsam oszillieren, und auch die Stränge können gemeinsam abgezogen werden, da die Stranggieß-Kokillen nahezu synchron mit gleichen Metallmengen störungsfrei versorgt werden können.By using the pouring nozzle according to the invention, an increase in the casting performance can be achieved not only in conventional systems, but in particular also in so-called multi-strand systems in which, as is known, twin and / or triple molds are combined to form a block. The continuous casting molds combined in the respective lifting tables can oscillate together from the start of casting, and the strands can also be pulled off together, since the continuous casting molds can be supplied with the same amount of metal almost synchronously and without interference.
Nach einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Er findung kann die Ausgußdüse aus zwei Teilen bestehen, wobei zwischen beiden Teilen die Sollbruchstelle durch feuerfestes Bindemittel gebildet ist, dessen Wärmestandfestigkeit im Bereich der Liquidustemperatur der zu vergießenden Schmelze liegt. Die Ausgußdüse kann aber zweckmäßigerweise auch einstückig ausgebildet sein.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the pouring nozzle can consist of two parts, the predetermined breaking point being formed between the two parts by a refractory binder, the heat resistance of which is in the range of the liquidus temperature of the melt to be poured. The pouring nozzle can also be expediently formed in one piece.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand der beigefügten Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigt
- Fig. 1 einen Teil einer Stranggießanlage mit einer Ausgußdüse gemäß der Erfindung in schematischer Darstellung;
- Fig. 2 eine vergrößerte Schnittdarstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Ausgußdüse; und
- Fig. 3 eine weitere Ausführungsform der Ausgußdüse.
- Figure 1 shows a part of a continuous caster with a pouring nozzle according to the invention in a schematic representation.
- 2 is an enlarged sectional view of the pouring nozzle according to the invention; and
- Fig. 3 shows another embodiment of the pouring nozzle.
In Fig. 1 ist ein Teil einer Stranggießanlage üblicher Bauart dargestellt, bei der eine Gießpfanne 11 mit einer Schmelze 10 aus Stahl und darunter ein Zwischenbehälter 12 vorgesehen ist. Unterhalb des Bodenausgusses 13, mit verlängerter Ausgußdüse 14 und Schieber 15 ist eine wassergekühlte Stranggieß-Kokille 16 vorgesehen.In Fig. 1 a part of a continuous caster of conventional design is shown, in which a
Die verlängerte Ausgußdüse 14, die aus einem stark tonerdehaltigen, feuerfesten Material besteht, setzt sich aus einem unteren Teil 17 und einem oberen Teil 18 zusammen, die vorzugsweise einstückig ausgebildet sind (Fig. 2). An der Übergangsstelle der beiden Teile 17, 18 ist eine Sollbruchstelle in Form eines kerbförmigen Brecherrings 19 ausgebildet. Die Länge des unteren Teils 17 der Ausgußdüse 14 entspricht im wesentlichen der einer herkömmlichen Ausgußdüse, deren eines Ende im eingebauten Zustand etwa 20 bis 30 mm über den Zwischenbehälterboden herausragt. Die Gesamtlänge der auf diese Weise verlängerten Ausgußdüse 14 richtet sich nach der gewünschten Badspiegelhöhe, wobei in der Praxis für das obere Teil 18 eine Länge von ca. 200 mm ausreichend sein dürfte.The extended
Fig. 3 zeigt eine weitere Ausführungsform einer verlängerten Ausgußdüse 20, die jedoch im Gegensatz zu der zuvor beschriebenen zweiteilig ausgebildet ist. Der untere Teil 21 und der obere Teil 22 sind durch ein feuerfestes Bindemittel 23 stumpfflächig miteinander verbunden, das wiederum eine Sollbruchstelle zwischen den beiden Teilen bildet und dessen Wärmestandfestigkeit im Bereich der Liquidustemperatur der zu vergießenden Schmelze liegt. Dabei kommt es darauf an, daß sich die Sollbruchstelle möglichst erst dann löst, wenn die gewünschte Badspiegelhöhe im Zwischenbehälter erreicht ist. Eine höhere Wärmestandfestigkeit des eingesetzten Bindemittels gewährleistet eine längere Verweilzeit der Schmelze vor dem Angießen im Verteiler, so daß unerwünschte Metallbegleiter in die Schlakkenzone aufsteigen können.Fig. 3 shows a further embodiment of an extended
Als Werkstoff für das Bindemittel können Heißkleber oder andere geeignete kohlenstoffhaltige Ausbrennstoffe verwendet werden, die bei Erreichen der vorbestimmten Temperatur den oberen Teil 22 selbsttätig freigeben. Eine vergleichbar gute Wirkung läßt sich auch mit Hilfe solcher Stoffe erzielen, die sich aufgrund ihrer thermischen Eigenschaften beim Brand ausdehnen und auf diese Weise das obere Verlängerungsstück abstoßen.Hot glue or other suitable carbon-containing burn-out materials can be used as the material for the binder, which automatically release the
Obwohl die vorliegende Erfindung ausschließlich im Zusammenhang mit einer schiebergesteuerten Stranggießanlage beschrieben worden ist, kann ihr Gegenstand selbstverständlich auch bei »offen« arbeitenden Anlagen eingesetzt werden.Although the present invention has only been described in connection with a slide-controlled continuous casting installation, its object can of course also be used in "open" installations.
Claims (3)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT82111469T ATE13496T1 (en) | 1981-12-24 | 1982-12-10 | EXTENDED SPOUT NOZZLE FOR INTERMEDIATE CONTAINER. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3151533A DE3151533C2 (en) | 1981-12-24 | 1981-12-24 | Extended pouring nozzle for intermediate container |
DE3151533 | 1981-12-24 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0083745A1 EP0083745A1 (en) | 1983-07-20 |
EP0083745B1 true EP0083745B1 (en) | 1985-05-29 |
Family
ID=6149827
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP82111469A Expired EP0083745B1 (en) | 1981-12-24 | 1982-12-10 | Elongated outlet nozzle for a tundish |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4479594A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0083745B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS5944141B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR840002672A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE13496T1 (en) |
BR (1) | BR8207485A (en) |
DE (1) | DE3151533C2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES8503538A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA829021B (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS60127057A (en) * | 1983-12-12 | 1985-07-06 | Tanaka Denshi Kogyo Kk | Continuous casting device |
DE3701701A1 (en) * | 1987-01-22 | 1988-08-04 | Didier Werke Ag | START TUBE FOR A MELTING VESSEL |
DE3922549A1 (en) * | 1989-07-08 | 1991-01-10 | Metacon Ag | DEVICE FOR LACQUEL-FREE POURING OF CONTINUOUS CASTING PLANTS |
FR2679162A1 (en) * | 1991-07-18 | 1993-01-22 | Siderurgie Fse Inst Rech | Device for jet (stream, runner) transfer of liquid metal, particularly from a continuous casting ladle towards a distributor |
US7418993B2 (en) * | 1998-11-20 | 2008-09-02 | Rolls-Royce Corporation | Method and apparatus for production of a cast component |
US6932145B2 (en) | 1998-11-20 | 2005-08-23 | Rolls-Royce Corporation | Method and apparatus for production of a cast component |
KR101304620B1 (en) * | 2010-12-28 | 2013-09-05 | 재단법인 포항산업과학연구원 | Nozzle of continuous flow casting apparatus |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2770856A (en) | 1952-12-04 | 1956-11-20 | Adam W Becker | Crucible and stopper therefor |
DE2626986A1 (en) | 1975-06-17 | 1977-01-13 | Foseco Trading Ag | INTERMEDIATE CONTAINER |
DE2653213A1 (en) | 1976-10-14 | 1978-04-20 | Daussan Et Compagnie S A | DEVICE FOR PREHEATING INTERMEDIATE CABLES |
JPS54155913A (en) | 1978-05-29 | 1979-12-08 | Pechiney Aluminium | Device to electrically connect sequence of high density electrolytic cells |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1921808A1 (en) * | 1969-04-29 | 1970-11-12 | Schloemann Ag | Method and device for regulating the flow of molten metal to continuous casting molds |
US4165026A (en) * | 1971-12-07 | 1979-08-21 | Foseco Trading A.G. | Tundish with expendable lining and easily removable nozzle |
GB1469513A (en) * | 1973-07-30 | 1977-04-06 | Foseco Trading Ag | Tundishes |
DE2852011A1 (en) * | 1978-12-01 | 1980-06-12 | Contherm Ind Und Huettenbedarf | Tundish, for continuous casting plant - has permanent refractory lining covered by double layer of thermal insulation and consumable inner panels |
GB2091399B (en) * | 1981-01-20 | 1984-02-22 | British Steel Corp | Tundish pouring apparatus and method of use |
-
1981
- 1981-12-24 DE DE3151533A patent/DE3151533C2/en not_active Expired
-
1982
- 1982-09-29 US US06/427,271 patent/US4479594A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1982-10-27 JP JP57187648A patent/JPS5944141B2/en not_active Expired
- 1982-12-06 ES ES517960A patent/ES8503538A1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-12-08 ZA ZA829021A patent/ZA829021B/en unknown
- 1982-12-10 EP EP82111469A patent/EP0083745B1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-12-10 AT AT82111469T patent/ATE13496T1/en active
- 1982-12-17 KR KR1019820005663A patent/KR840002672A/en unknown
- 1982-12-23 BR BR8207485A patent/BR8207485A/en unknown
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2770856A (en) | 1952-12-04 | 1956-11-20 | Adam W Becker | Crucible and stopper therefor |
DE2626986A1 (en) | 1975-06-17 | 1977-01-13 | Foseco Trading Ag | INTERMEDIATE CONTAINER |
DE2653213A1 (en) | 1976-10-14 | 1978-04-20 | Daussan Et Compagnie S A | DEVICE FOR PREHEATING INTERMEDIATE CABLES |
JPS54155913A (en) | 1978-05-29 | 1979-12-08 | Pechiney Aluminium | Device to electrically connect sequence of high density electrolytic cells |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
Title |
---|
"Feuerfeste Stoffe im Stranggießbereich, Vorträge, gehalten bei der Europäischen Tagung über feuerfeste Stoffe im Stranggießbereich", GEMEINSCHAFTSAUSSCHUSS FEUERFESTE STOFFE DES VEREINS DEUTSCHE R EISENHÜTT- ENLEUTE, 10 March 1982 (1982-03-10), Düsseldorf, pages 161 ff., XP055278588 |
"METACON automatisiert den Gießvorgang beim Strang- gießen", METACON-PROSPEKT, 1978 |
HERR ROLF W. VOSS ET AL.: "Offenkundige Vorbenutzung durch Gießversuche mit dem METACON-Schieber- verschluß C 51", WERK RUHRORT DER AUGUST THYSSEN-HÜTTE (HEUTE: THYSSEN AG, Düsseldorf |
HERRN DR. ING. GÜNTER, ALTLAND IN DEM BRIEF AN DIE METACON AG, 30 November 1981 (1981-11-30) |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE13496T1 (en) | 1985-06-15 |
JPS5944141B2 (en) | 1984-10-26 |
JPS58132358A (en) | 1983-08-06 |
EP0083745A1 (en) | 1983-07-20 |
ES517960A0 (en) | 1985-03-16 |
DE3151533A1 (en) | 1983-07-14 |
ES8503538A1 (en) | 1985-03-16 |
BR8207485A (en) | 1983-10-18 |
KR840002672A (en) | 1984-07-16 |
US4479594A (en) | 1984-10-30 |
DE3151533C2 (en) | 1983-11-24 |
ZA829021B (en) | 1983-09-28 |
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