EP0082053B1 - Radiating system comprising two stacked antennas working in the same frequency band - Google Patents

Radiating system comprising two stacked antennas working in the same frequency band Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0082053B1
EP0082053B1 EP82402217A EP82402217A EP0082053B1 EP 0082053 B1 EP0082053 B1 EP 0082053B1 EP 82402217 A EP82402217 A EP 82402217A EP 82402217 A EP82402217 A EP 82402217A EP 0082053 B1 EP0082053 B1 EP 0082053B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
dipoles
antennas
coupler
junction box
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP82402217A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0082053A1 (en
Inventor
René Chesneau
Gérard Cotelle
Michel Destrade
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Thales SA
Original Assignee
Thomson CSF SA
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Publication date
Application filed by Thomson CSF SA filed Critical Thomson CSF SA
Priority to AT82402217T priority Critical patent/ATE25305T1/en
Publication of EP0082053A1 publication Critical patent/EP0082053A1/en
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Publication of EP0082053B1 publication Critical patent/EP0082053B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/42—Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H01Q21/26—Turnstile or like antennas comprising arrangements of three or more elongated elements disposed radially and symmetrically in a horizontal plane about a common centre

Definitions

  • the current. invention relates to a radiating assembly comprising two superimposed antennas, working in the same frequency range, one of which is transmitting and the other receiving, each antenna comprising four vertical dipoles arranged according to the vertices of a square and being associated with a 3 dB coupler on a first port from which a power cable is connected, and a junction box for coupling a second and a third conjugate port of the coupler to the dipoles of the antenna in question.
  • Such radiating assemblies are known where the dipoles of the antennas are arranged around a hollow cylindrical mast which serves as a support for the antennas and through which passes the cables connecting the junction box, located with the coupler at the foot of the mast, to the dipoles located at the top of the mast (GB-A-608 506).
  • These known assemblies comprise four cables per antenna to connect the dipoles of the antenna in question to its junction box, and the connections of the ends of the cables are made by coaxial plugs; at the level of these coaxial plugs, and mainly of those which are fixed to the mast and are used to connect the dipoles, the mast-dipole mechanical connections bring about risks of intermodulation for the transmitting antenna; moreover the support mast, by its presence, reduces the decoupling between the two antennas.
  • the present invention aims to remedy these drawbacks.
  • the invention proposes for this to replace the mast with a support randome and to have the junction box and the coupler at 3 dB of each antenna at the level of this antenna. This has the advantage of no longer requiring a very reduced number of plugs since, compared with the prior art discussed above, the cables between the antenna and the junction box are replaced by very short conductors which can be soldered; this therefore results in a significant reduction in the risks of intermodulation. Furthermore, the removal of the metal mast promotes decoupling between the two antennas.
  • a radiating assembly comprising two concentric antennas, and not superimposed, one of which is horizontally polarized and the other of which is a complementary antenna vertically polarized; in this assembly the horizontally polarized antenna is arranged around a support mast and the complementary antenna, although its dipoles rest on a radome, is mechanically fixed to the support mast.
  • a radiating assembly comprising two superimposed antennas of vertical axis XX, one of which is transmitting and the other receiving, the two antennas being intended to work in the same frequency range and each comprising four vertical dipoles arranged according to the vertices of a square, and in which, each antenna is associated with a 3 dB coupler, a first access of which is connected to a power cable and a junction box for coupling a second and a third access combined from the coupler to dipoles of the antenna considered, is characterized in that, for each antenna, the coupler and the junction box associated with this antenna are arranged at the level of this antenna, substantially along the axis XX, and the dipoles are fixed on the junction box and in that a cylindrical, vertical radome, on the inner wall of which the dipoles are fixed, constitutes the support of the two antennas.
  • FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view of a radiating assembly according to the invention.
  • This assembly comprises a pylon 3 whose lower end rests on the ground, T.
  • a rigid radome 4 inside which are fixed one above the other two antennas, one transmitter, 2, and the other receiver, 1.
  • the radome consists of a hollow cylinder closed at its upper end; this radome will be described in more detail using FIG. 4.
  • the antennas 1 and 2 are fixed to the wall of the radome; these are two VHF antennas operating in the frequency band from 108 to 156 MHz. Each of these two antennas has four vertical dipoles arranged in a square; in FIG.
  • FIG. 2 shows, in a view in schematic space, the arrangement of the two antennas 1, 2. These two antennas are identical and are deduced from each other by a translation of length 1.3 A ( ⁇ : length wave corresponding to the average frequency of the frequency range in which the two antennas work) along a vertical axis XX which passes through the center of each antenna.
  • the antenna 1, for example, has four dipoles 11 to 14 arranged along the four vertices of a square ABCD; these dipoles have a height equal to ⁇ / 2 and have, at each of their ends, a curved, horizontal part, directed towards the axis XX and of length substantially equal to ⁇ / 20.
  • the diagonals of the square ABCD have a length of approximately ⁇ / 2.5.
  • connection elements 5 and 6 are made so as to supply the dipoles of each antenna with phase shifts of 0.90, 180, 270 °, the dipoles on the opposite sides of the square being fed with 180 ° phase shifts relative to each other.
  • FIG. 3 is a detailed representation of the antenna 1 of Figures 1 and 2, it being understood that the antenna 2 is identical to the antenna 1, which will be said, on the occasion of Figure 3, will also be valid for the antenna 2.
  • the connection element 5 comprises a junction box 50, a 3 dB coupler, 51, and a balancing load 52.
  • the junction box 50 consists of a metallic cube, with an edge approximately equal to ⁇ / 30 (this cube is therefore shown very enlarged); the axis XX crosses this cube passing through the midpoints of two of its opposite faces.
  • This cu be is drilled right through a hole, 50a, of cylindrical shape and axis XX; the power cable 10 arrives from the underside of the cube at the entrance to the hole 50a, its outer conductor is welded to the cube while its inner conductor passes through the hole 50a to open on the upper face of the cube and be connected to the first access of the 3 db coupler, 51; the balancing load 52 is connected to the conjugate port of the first port of the 3 dB coupler.
  • the other two conjugate ports of the 3 dB coupler therefore have a phase shift in the antenna working frequency range.
  • the inner conductor of this coaxial cable is electrically connected to the lower part of the dipole; this lower part comprises a foot, 11 c, welded to the junction box and a vertical element 11b of length ⁇ / 4 terminated by a horizontal element, 11e, directed towards the axis XX and which ,. as indicated during the description of FIG. 2, has a length of approximately ⁇ / 20.
  • the outer conductor of the coaxial cable coming from the junction box 5 and supplying the dipole 11, is connected to the upper part of this dipole; this upper part consists of a vertical element, 11 a, of length equal to ⁇ / 4 and of a horizontal element, 11 d, placed at its upper end and of length equal to ⁇ / 20.
  • connection of the dipole 13 to the coaxial cable coming from the junction box 50 is a cross connection with respect to the connection of the dipole 11, that is to say that the inner conductor of the coaxial cable is connected to the upper part of the dipole and either at the lower part and that it is the external conductor of the coaxial connection cable which is electrically connected to the lower part of the dipole; in this dipole 13 the lower part connected to the coaxial connection cable comprises a vertical element of length equal to ⁇ / 4, terminated by a horizontal element facing the axis XX of length substantially equal to N20; as for the upper part of the dipole 13 it is constituted by a vertical element of length ⁇ / 4 extended horizontally, in the direction of the axis XX, by an element of length substantially equal to ⁇ / 20; a hollow cylindrical base connects the upper part of the dipole 13 to the junction box 50.
  • the internal conductors of the holes drilled in the junction box are electrically insulated from the walls of these holes and are also isolated from the external conductors by which they exit from the junction box and are made so as to thus constitute coaxial lines of characteristic impedance equal to 50 ohms for holes 50a, 50d and 50e and of approximately 100 ohms for holes 50b and 50c.
  • the balancing load 52 it is a 50 ohm resistor, connected between the access of the coupler 51 conjugate of the first access to which the cable 10 ends and the earth of the antenna taken in one point of the junction box 50.
  • the coupler 51 it is a conventional coupler constituted by two U-shaped lines coupled together and each having a length of ⁇ / 4.
  • This embodiment according to FIG. 3 requires only two coaxial connection plugs: a cable connection plug 10 and a connection plug for the balancing load 52, all the other connections being made either by welding or, for the T-shaped connections of the coaxial cables inside the junction box, by screwing the vertical conductor of the T into the horizontal conductor of the T; this reduced number of coaxial connection plugs ensures a minimum risk of intermodulation for the transmitting antenna which is identical to antenna 1.
  • this symmetrical embodiment of the elements of FIG. 3 provides an omnidirectional radiation diagram in azimuth for each of the two antennas.
  • the horizontal parts of length substantially equal to ⁇ / 20 arranged at the ends of the dipoles make it possible to 'give the antennas a diagram of radiation in elevation which does not include cancellation in the vicinity of the vertical, that is to say according to the axis XX.
  • FIG. 4 is a partial view to explain the mounting of the antennas inside the radome 4.
  • This radome 4 consists of two half-shells 40, 41 intended to be assembled edge to edge using screws.
  • Each of the two antennas 1, 2 is first assembled with its connection element 5, 6 consisting, as has been seen with the aid of the preceding figure, of a junction box, of a 3 dB coupler and a balancing charge.
  • the junction box constitutes the central element to which the dipoles of the antenna are connected on the one hand and the coupler, the balancing load and the power cable on the other hand. If we consider the antenna 1, the dipoles 11 and 12 are then fixed on the wall of the half-shell 40 where holes are provided for this purpose for a forecourt fixing.
  • the half-shells 40 and 41 are then brought into contact; these half-shells have lips on their edge; when these half-shells are joined together, their lips come into contact and screws make a mechanical connection between these lips. Holes drilled for this purpose in the dipoles 13 and 14 and in the half-shell 41 then allow the forecourt fixing of these dipoles 13 and 14 to the half-shell 41.
  • the radiating assembly which has served as an example for the foregoing description is a radiating assembly intended for a VHF station operating from 108 to 156 MHz; it has a total height of around 5 m and a diameter of around 1 m at the level of the radome.
  • the decoupling between the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna is greater than 55 dB; as for the radiation diagram in site it does not include cancellation near the vertical (axis XX) but a field value which is of the order of -20 dB compared to the maximum field, this being due to the horizontal elements , such as 11d, 11 e, located at the ends of the dipoles.
  • the radome 4 is made of polyester laminate and has a thickness which increases towards its base to reach a value of 15 mm at this point.
  • the present invention is not limited to the example described, this is how, for example, the horizontal elements terminating the dipoles can be omitted insofar as the radiation pattern in elevation of the antennas can include a cancellation in the vicinity of the vertical of the antenna.
  • the junction boxes may not be made in the form of cubes but in the form of a cylinder or a sphere; it is sufficient that these junction boxes have a symmetry with respect to the axis XX, so that the radiation pattern in azimuth of the antennas remains omnidirectional.
  • junction boxes 5, 6 can even be constituted by simple closed boxes inside which pass the coaxial conductors necessary for the connections between the outputs of the directional couplers and the dipoles of the antenna: It should also be noted that the dipoles The thin ones which have been described with steep figures can be replaced by much thicker dipoles, of various shapes, in order to increase the bandwidth of the antenna.
  • the present invention is intended, in particular, for radiating assemblies of VHF and UHF stations.

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  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

1. A radiating system comprising two superimposed antennas (1, 2) having a vertical axis XX and one of which is a transmitter (2) and the other a receiver (1) antenna, the two antennas being intended to operate within the same frequency range and each comprising four vertical dipoles (11-14, 21-24) arranged at the corners of a square (A, B, C, D), and wherein each antenna is associated with a 3 dB coupler (51) a first terminal of which is connected to a feed cable (10) and with a junction box (50) for coupling second and third conjugate terminals of the coupler to the dipoles of the respective antenna, characterized in that, for each antenna, the coupler (51) and the junction box (50) associated with this antenna are arranged at the level of this antenna substantially along the axis XX, and the dipoles are affixed on the junction box (50), and in that a cylindrical vertical radome (4) on the innar wall of which the dipoles are affixed, forms the carrier of the two antennas.

Description

La présente. invention se rapporte à un ensemble rayonnant comportant deux antennes superposées, travaillant dans une même gamme de fréquences, dont l'une est émettrice et l'autre réceptrice, chaque antenne comportant quatre dipôles verticaux disposés selon les sommets d'un carré et étant associée à un coupleur à 3 dB sur un premier accès duquel est branché un câble d'alimentation, et à une boîte de jonction pour coupler un deuxième et un troisième accès conjugués du coupleur aux dipôles de l'antenne considérée.The current. invention relates to a radiating assembly comprising two superimposed antennas, working in the same frequency range, one of which is transmitting and the other receiving, each antenna comprising four vertical dipoles arranged according to the vertices of a square and being associated with a 3 dB coupler on a first port from which a power cable is connected, and a junction box for coupling a second and a third conjugate port of the coupler to the dipoles of the antenna in question.

De tels ensembles rayonnants sont connus où les dipôles des antennes sont disposés autour d'un mât cylindrique creux qui sert de support aux antennes et à travers lequel passant les câbles reliant la boîte de jonction, située avec le coupleur au pied du mât, aux dipôles situés au haut du mat (GB-A-608 506). Ces ensembles connus comportent quatre câbles par antenne pour relier les dipôles de l'antenne considérée à sa boîte de jonction, et les connexions des extrémités des câbles se font par fiches coaxiales; au niveau de ces fiches coaxiales, et principalement de celles qui sont fixées au mât et servent à brancher les dipôles, les liaisons mécaniques mâtdipôles amènent des risques d'intermodula- tion pour l'antenne émission; de plus le mât support, de par sa présence, diminue le découplage entre les deux antennes.Such radiating assemblies are known where the dipoles of the antennas are arranged around a hollow cylindrical mast which serves as a support for the antennas and through which passes the cables connecting the junction box, located with the coupler at the foot of the mast, to the dipoles located at the top of the mast (GB-A-608 506). These known assemblies comprise four cables per antenna to connect the dipoles of the antenna in question to its junction box, and the connections of the ends of the cables are made by coaxial plugs; at the level of these coaxial plugs, and mainly of those which are fixed to the mast and are used to connect the dipoles, the mast-dipole mechanical connections bring about risks of intermodulation for the transmitting antenna; moreover the support mast, by its presence, reduces the decoupling between the two antennas.

La présente invention a pour but de remédier à ces inconvénients. L'invention, telle qu'elle est caractérisée dans les revendications, propose pour cela de remplacer le mât par un randome support et de disposer la boîte de jonction et le coupleur à 3 dB de chaque antenne au niveau de cette antenne. Ceci a l'avantage de ne plus nécessiter qu'un nombre très réduit de fiches étant donné que, par rapport à l'art antérieur dont il a été question plus haut, les câbles entre l'antenne et la boîte de jonction sont remplacés par des conducteurs très courts qui peuvent être soudés; il en résulte donc une réduction importante des risques d'intermodulation. Par ailleurs la suppression du mât métallique favorise le découplage entre les deux antennes.The present invention aims to remedy these drawbacks. The invention, as characterized in the claims, proposes for this to replace the mast with a support randome and to have the junction box and the coupler at 3 dB of each antenna at the level of this antenna. This has the advantage of no longer requiring a very reduced number of plugs since, compared with the prior art discussed above, the cables between the antenna and the junction box are replaced by very short conductors which can be soldered; this therefore results in a significant reduction in the risks of intermodulation. Furthermore, the removal of the metal mast promotes decoupling between the two antennas.

Il est à remarquer que, par le document DE-B-1 011 012, il est connu d'utiliser un radôme cylindrique à l'intérieur duquel les éléments rayonnants "correspondent, au moins en partie, par leur forme, à la paroi interne du radôme et/ou en sont très proches". Mais dans ce document il n'est ni question de coupleur et de boîte de jonction disposés au niveau des éléments rayonnants, ni du fait que le radôme pourrait servir de support aux éléments rayonnants.It should be noted that, by document DE-B-1 011 012, it is known to use a cylindrical radome inside which the radiating elements "correspond, at least in part, by their shape, to the internal wall radome and / or are very close to it. " But in this document there is no question of coupler and junction box arranged at the radiating elements, nor of the fact that the radome could serve as a support for the radiating elements.

Il est également à noter que, dans le document DE-B-1 297 707, est décrit un ensemble rayonnant comportant deux antennes concentriques, et non pas superposées, dont l'une est à polarisation horizontale et dont l'autre est une antenne complémentaire à polarisation verticale; dans cet ensemble l'antenne à polarisation horizontale est disposée autour d'un mât porteur et l'antenne complémentaire, bien que ses dipôles reposent sur un radôme, est fixée mécaniquement au mât porteur.It should also be noted that, in document DE-B-1 297 707, a radiating assembly is described comprising two concentric antennas, and not superimposed, one of which is horizontally polarized and the other of which is a complementary antenna vertically polarized; in this assembly the horizontally polarized antenna is arranged around a support mast and the complementary antenna, although its dipoles rest on a radome, is mechanically fixed to the support mast.

Selon l'invention un ensemble rayonnant comportant deux antennes superposées d'axe vertical XX, dont l'une est émettrice et l'autre réceptrice, les deux antennes étant destinées à travailler dans un même gamme de fréquences et comportant chacune quatre dipôles verticaux disposés selon les sommets d'un carré, et dans lequel, à chaque antenne est associé un coupleur à 3 dB dont un premier accès est relié à un câble d'alimentation et une boîte de jonction pour coupler un deuxième et un troisième accès conjugués du coupleur aux dipôles de l'antenne considérée, est caractérisé en ce que, pour chaque antenne, le coupleur et la boîte de jonction associés à cette antenne sont disposés au niveau de cette antenne, sensiblement selon l'axe XX, et les dipôles sont fixés sur la boîte de jonction et en ce qu'un radôme cylindrique, vertical, sur la paroi intérieure duquel sont fixés les dipôles, constitue le support des deux antennes.According to the invention a radiating assembly comprising two superimposed antennas of vertical axis XX, one of which is transmitting and the other receiving, the two antennas being intended to work in the same frequency range and each comprising four vertical dipoles arranged according to the vertices of a square, and in which, each antenna is associated with a 3 dB coupler, a first access of which is connected to a power cable and a junction box for coupling a second and a third access combined from the coupler to dipoles of the antenna considered, is characterized in that, for each antenna, the coupler and the junction box associated with this antenna are arranged at the level of this antenna, substantially along the axis XX, and the dipoles are fixed on the junction box and in that a cylindrical, vertical radome, on the inner wall of which the dipoles are fixed, constitutes the support of the two antennas.

La présente invention sera mieux comprise et d'autres caractéristiques apparaîtront à l'aide de la description ci-après et des figures s'y rapportant qui représentent:

  • - la figure 1 une vue schématique en coupe d'un ensemble rayonnant selon l'invention,
  • - la figure 2, une vue schématique des deux antennes de l'ensemble rayonnant sélon la figure 1,
  • ― la figure 3, une vue détaillée d'une des deux antennes de la figure 2,
  • - la figure 4, une vue schématique partielle de l'ensemble rayonnant selon l'invention, montrant comment il est assemblé.
The present invention will be better understood and other characteristics will appear with the aid of the description below and of the figures relating thereto which represent:
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a radiating assembly according to the invention,
  • FIG. 2, a schematic view of the two antennas of the radiating assembly according to FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 3, a detailed view of one of the two antennas in FIG. 2,
  • - Figure 4, a partial schematic view of the radiating assembly according to the invention, showing how it is assembled.

Dans le but faciliter le compréhension de l'assemblage des différentes pièces constitutives de l'ensemble rayonnant qui va être décrit, les rapports entre les dimensions de ces différentes pièces ne sont pas respectés sur les figures, en particulier en ce qui concerne les pièces qui seront désignées par les repères 50 et 60; mais, à l'intérieur de la description, les dimensions réelles seront indiquées.In order to facilitate the understanding of the assembly of the different constituent parts of the radiating assembly which will be described, the relationships between the dimensions of these different parts are not observed in the figures, in particular with regard to the parts which will be designated by references 50 and 60; but, within the description, the actual dimensions will be indicated.

La figure 1 est une vue en coupe verticale d'un ensemble rayonnant selon l'invention. Cet ensemble comporte un pylone 3 dont l'extrémité inférieure repose sur le sol, T. Sur ce pylône est placé un radome rigide 4 à l'intérieur duquel sont fixées l'une au-dessus de l'autre deux antennes, l'une émettrice, 2, et l'autre réceptrice, 1. Le radome est constitué par un cylindre creux fermé à son extrémité supérieure; ce radome sera décrit plus en détail à l'aide de la figure 4. Les antennes 1 et 2 sont fixées à la paroi du radome; ce sont deux antennes VHF fonctionnant dans la bande de fréquences allant de 108 à 156 MHz. Chacune de ces deux antennes comporte quatre dipôles verticaux disposés en carré; sur la figure 1 n'apparaissent que trois de ces dipôles par antenne: les dipôles 11, 14 et 13 pour l'antenne 1 et les dipôles 21, 24 et 23 pour l'antenne 2. L'alimentation de chacune des deux antennes est assurée par un simple câble 10,20 qui est relié à l'antenne à travers un élément de raccordement 5, 6 dont les différentes parties seront décrites à l'aide de la figure 3.Figure 1 is a vertical sectional view of a radiating assembly according to the invention. This assembly comprises a pylon 3 whose lower end rests on the ground, T. On this pylon is placed a rigid radome 4 inside which are fixed one above the other two antennas, one transmitter, 2, and the other receiver, 1. The radome consists of a hollow cylinder closed at its upper end; this radome will be described in more detail using FIG. 4. The antennas 1 and 2 are fixed to the wall of the radome; these are two VHF antennas operating in the frequency band from 108 to 156 MHz. Each of these two antennas has four vertical dipoles arranged in a square; in FIG. 1, only three of these dipoles appear per antenna: the dipoles 11, 14 and 13 for antenna 1 and the dipoles 21, 24 and 23 for the antenna 2. The supply of each of the two antennas is ensured by a simple cable 10,20 which is connected to the antenna through a connection element 5, 6 the different parts of which will be described using Figure 3.

La figure 2 montre, en vue dans l'espace schématique, la disposition des deux antennes 1, 2. Ces deux antennes sont identiques et se déduisent l'une de l'autre par une translation de longueur 1,3 À (À: longueur d'onde correspondant à la fréquence moyenne de la gamme de fréquences dans laquelle travaillent les deux antennes) le long d'un axe vertical XX qui passe par le centre de chaque antenne. L'antenne 1, par exemple, comporte quatre dipôles 11 à 14 disposés selon les quatre sommets d'un carré ABCD; ces dipôles ont une hauteur égale à λ/2 et présentent, à chacune de leurs extrémités, une partie recourbée, horizontale, dirigée vers l'axe XX et de longueur sensiblement égale à À/20. Les diagonales du carré ABCD ont une longueur d'environ λ/2,5. Comme cela apparaîtra sur la figure 3, les éléments de raccordement 5 et 6 sont réalisés de manière à assurer l'alimentation de dipôles de chaque antenne avec des déphasages de 0,90, 180, 270°, les dipôles des côtés opposés du carré étant alimentés avec des déphasages de 180° l'un par rapport à l'autre.FIG. 2 shows, in a view in schematic space, the arrangement of the two antennas 1, 2. These two antennas are identical and are deduced from each other by a translation of length 1.3 A (À: length wave corresponding to the average frequency of the frequency range in which the two antennas work) along a vertical axis XX which passes through the center of each antenna. The antenna 1, for example, has four dipoles 11 to 14 arranged along the four vertices of a square ABCD; these dipoles have a height equal to λ / 2 and have, at each of their ends, a curved, horizontal part, directed towards the axis XX and of length substantially equal to λ / 20. The diagonals of the square ABCD have a length of approximately λ / 2.5. As will appear in FIG. 3, the connection elements 5 and 6 are made so as to supply the dipoles of each antenna with phase shifts of 0.90, 180, 270 °, the dipoles on the opposite sides of the square being fed with 180 ° phase shifts relative to each other.

La figure 3 est une représentation détaillée de l'antenne 1 des figures 1 et 2, étant entendu que l'antenne 2 est identique à l'antenne 1, ce qui sera dit, à l'occasion de la figure 3, sera valable aussi pour l'antenne 2. Comme le montre la figure 3 l'élément de raccordement 5 comporte une boîte de jonction 50, un coupleur à 3 dB, 51, et une charge d'équilibrage 52. La boîte de jonction 50 est constituée par un cube métallique, d'arête environ égale à λ/30 (ce cube est donc représenté très grossi); l'axe XX traverse ce cube en passant par les milieux de deux de ses faces opposées. Ce cu be est percé de part en part d'un trou, 50a, de forme cylindrique et d'axe XX; le câble d'alimentation 10 arrive par la face inférieure du cube à l'entrée du trou 50a, son conducteur extérieur est soudé sur le cube tandis que son conducteur intérieur traverse le trou 50a pour déboucher sur la face supérieure du cube et être raccordé au premier accès du coupleur à 3 db, 51; sur l'accès conjugué du premier accès du coupleur à 3 dB est branchée la charge d'équilibrage 52. Les deux autres accès conjugués du coupler à 3 dB présentent donc, dans la gamme des fréquences de travail de l'antenne, un déphasage de 90° entre leurs signaux respectifs; l'un de ces accès indiqué 0° est relié à un conducteur qui pénètre dans un trou 50e cylindrique, parallèle au trou 50a. Ce trou 50e débouche dans un autre trou cylindrique 50b percé perpendiculairement à lui et dirigé vers les dipôles 11 et 13. Le conducteur relié à l'accès 0° du coupleur à 3 dB et qui pénétrait dans le trou 50e, se divise en deux pour aller alimenter respectivement les dipôles 11 et 13 en. formant le conducteur intérieur d'un câble coaxial dont le conducteur extérieur est d'abord la paroi d'un trou 50b, puis, à partir de chacune des extrémités de ce trou, un conducteur cylindrique creux qui est soudé sur la boîte de jonction. Pour le dipôle 11 le conducteur intérieur de ce câble coaxial est relié électriquement à la partie inférieure du dipôle; cette partie inférieure comporten un pied, 11 c, soudé sur la boîte de jonction et un élement vertical 11b de longueur λ/4 terminé par un élément horizontal, 11e, dirigé vers l'axe XX et qui,. comme il a été indiqué à l'occasion de la description de la figure 2, a une longueur d'environ λ/20. Le conducteur extérieur du câble coaxial provenant de la boîte de jonction 5 et alimentant le dipôle 11, est relié à la partie supérieure de ce dipôle; cette partie supérieure est constituée d'un élément vertical, 11 a, de longueur égale à λ/4 et d'un élément horizontal, 11 d, placé à son extrémité supérieure et de longueur égale à λ/20. Le raccordement du dipôle 13 au câble coaxial provenant de la boîte de jonction 50 est un raccordement croisé par rapport au raccordement du dipôle 11, c'est-à-dire que le conducteur intérieur du câble coaxial est relié à la partie supérieure du dipôle et non plus à la partie inférieure et que c'est le conducteur extérieure du câble coaxial de raccordement qui est relié électriquement à la partie inférieure du dipôle; dans ce dipôle 13 la partie inférieure reliée au câble coaxial de raccordement comporte un élément vertical de longueur égale à λ/4, terminé par un élément horizontal tourné vers l'axe XX de longueur égale sensiblement à N20; quant à la partie supérieure du dipôle 13 elle est constituée par un élément vertical de longueur λ/4 prolongé horizontalement, en direction de l'axe XX, par un élément de longueur sensiblement égale à À/20; un pied cylindrique creux relie la partie supérieure du dipôle 13 à la boîte de jonction 50.Figure 3 is a detailed representation of the antenna 1 of Figures 1 and 2, it being understood that the antenna 2 is identical to the antenna 1, which will be said, on the occasion of Figure 3, will also be valid for the antenna 2. As shown in FIG. 3, the connection element 5 comprises a junction box 50, a 3 dB coupler, 51, and a balancing load 52. The junction box 50 consists of a metallic cube, with an edge approximately equal to λ / 30 (this cube is therefore shown very enlarged); the axis XX crosses this cube passing through the midpoints of two of its opposite faces. This cu be is drilled right through a hole, 50a, of cylindrical shape and axis XX; the power cable 10 arrives from the underside of the cube at the entrance to the hole 50a, its outer conductor is welded to the cube while its inner conductor passes through the hole 50a to open on the upper face of the cube and be connected to the first access of the 3 db coupler, 51; the balancing load 52 is connected to the conjugate port of the first port of the 3 dB coupler. The other two conjugate ports of the 3 dB coupler therefore have a phase shift in the antenna working frequency range. 90 ° between their respective signals; one of these accesses indicated 0 ° is connected to a conductor which enters a cylindrical hole 50e, parallel to the hole 50a. This hole 50e opens into another cylindrical hole 50b drilled perpendicularly to it and directed towards the dipoles 11 and 13. The conductor connected to the 0 ° access of the 3 dB coupler and which penetrated into the hole 50e, is divided in two to go to supply the dipoles 11 and 13 respectively. forming the inner conductor of a coaxial cable whose outer conductor is first the wall of a hole 50b, then, from each of the ends of this hole, a hollow cylindrical conductor which is welded to the junction box. For dipole 11 the inner conductor of this coaxial cable is electrically connected to the lower part of the dipole; this lower part comprises a foot, 11 c, welded to the junction box and a vertical element 11b of length λ / 4 terminated by a horizontal element, 11e, directed towards the axis XX and which ,. as indicated during the description of FIG. 2, has a length of approximately λ / 20. The outer conductor of the coaxial cable coming from the junction box 5 and supplying the dipole 11, is connected to the upper part of this dipole; this upper part consists of a vertical element, 11 a, of length equal to λ / 4 and of a horizontal element, 11 d, placed at its upper end and of length equal to λ / 20. The connection of the dipole 13 to the coaxial cable coming from the junction box 50 is a cross connection with respect to the connection of the dipole 11, that is to say that the inner conductor of the coaxial cable is connected to the upper part of the dipole and either at the lower part and that it is the external conductor of the coaxial connection cable which is electrically connected to the lower part of the dipole; in this dipole 13 the lower part connected to the coaxial connection cable comprises a vertical element of length equal to λ / 4, terminated by a horizontal element facing the axis XX of length substantially equal to N20; as for the upper part of the dipole 13 it is constituted by a vertical element of length λ / 4 extended horizontally, in the direction of the axis XX, by an element of length substantially equal to λ / 20; a hollow cylindrical base connects the upper part of the dipole 13 to the junction box 50.

De la même façon l'accès conjugué de l'acces indiqué 0° et qui est marqué -90°, est relié, par un conducteur qui traverse la boîte de jonction 50, aux dipôles 12 et 14. La connexion sur ces dipôles se fait de la même façon que pour les dipôles 11 et 13, c'est-à-dire que le conducteur provenant du coupleur traverse un trou 50d parallèle au trou 50e puis se divise en T dans un trou 50c pour être relié électriquement à la partie supérieure du dipôle 12 et à la partie inférieure du dipôle 14; un conducteur extérieur entoure ce conducteur pro- venanat de l'accès -90° du coupleur 51, il est constitué par les parois des trous 50d et 50c et par des cylindres creux prolongeant le trou 50c en direction des dipôles 12 et 14; ce conducteur extérieur est relié électriquement à la partie inférieure du dipôle 12 et à la partie supérieure du dipôle 14.In the same way the combined access of the access indicated 0 ° and which is marked -90 °, is connected, by a conductor which crosses the junction box 50, to the dipoles 12 and 14. The connection on these dipoles is made in the same way as for dipoles 11 and 13, that is to say that the conductor coming from the coupler crosses a hole 50d parallel to the hole 50e then divides in T in a hole 50c to be electrically connected to the upper part dipole 12 and at the bottom of dipole 14; an outer conductor surrounds this conductor coming from the -90 ° access of the coupler 51, it is constituted by the walls of the holes 50d and 50c and by hollow cylinders extending the hole 50c in the direction of the dipoles 12 and 14; this external conductor is electrically connected to the lower part of the dipole 12 and to the upper part of the dipole 14.

Il est à noter que les conducteurs intérieurs des trous percés dans la boîte de jonction sont isolés électriquement des parois de ces trous et sont également isolés des conducteurs extérieurs par .lesquels ils sortent de la boîte de jonction et sont réalisés de manière à constituer ainsi des lignes coaxiales d'impédance caractéristique égale à 50 ohms pour les trous 50a, 50d et 50e et d'environ 100 ohms pour les trous 50b et 50c.It should be noted that the internal conductors of the holes drilled in the junction box are electrically insulated from the walls of these holes and are also isolated from the external conductors by which they exit from the junction box and are made so as to thus constitute coaxial lines of characteristic impedance equal to 50 ohms for holes 50a, 50d and 50e and of approximately 100 ohms for holes 50b and 50c.

Pour ce qui est de la charge d'équilibrage 52 il s'agit d'une résistance de 50 ohms, branchée entre l'accès du coupleur 51 conjugué du premier accès auquel aboutit le câble 10 et la masse de l'antenne prise en un point de la boîte de jonction 50. Quant au coupleur 51 il s'agit d'un coupleur classique constitué par deux lignes en U couplées entre elles et ayant chacune une longueur de À/4.As for the balancing load 52, it is a 50 ohm resistor, connected between the access of the coupler 51 conjugate of the first access to which the cable 10 ends and the earth of the antenna taken in one point of the junction box 50. As for the coupler 51 it is a conventional coupler constituted by two U-shaped lines coupled together and each having a length of λ / 4.

Cette réalisation selon la figure 3 ne nécessite que deux fiches coaxiales de raccordement: une fiche de raccordement du câble 10 et une fiche de raccordement de la charge d'équilibrage 52, l'ensemble des autres raccordements se faisant soit par soudure, soit, pour les raccordements en forme de T des câbles coaxiaux à l'intérieur de la boîte de jonction, par vissage du conducteur vertical du T dans le conducteur horizontal du T; ce nombre réduit de fiches coaxiales de raccordement assure un minimum de risque d'intermodu- lation pour l'antenne émission qui est identique à l'antenne 1.This embodiment according to FIG. 3 requires only two coaxial connection plugs: a cable connection plug 10 and a connection plug for the balancing load 52, all the other connections being made either by welding or, for the T-shaped connections of the coaxial cables inside the junction box, by screwing the vertical conductor of the T into the horizontal conductor of the T; this reduced number of coaxial connection plugs ensures a minimum risk of intermodulation for the transmitting antenna which is identical to antenna 1.

Par ailleurs cette réalisation symétrique des éléments de la figure 3 assure un diagramme de rayonnement omnidirectionnel en azimut pour chacune des deux antennes. Les parties horizontales de longueur sensiblement égale à λ/20 disposé aux extrémités des dipôles permettent de' donner aux antennes un diagramme de rayonnement en site qui ne comporte pas d'annulation au voisinage de la verticale c'est-à-dire selon l'axe XX.Furthermore, this symmetrical embodiment of the elements of FIG. 3 provides an omnidirectional radiation diagram in azimuth for each of the two antennas. The horizontal parts of length substantially equal to λ / 20 arranged at the ends of the dipoles make it possible to 'give the antennas a diagram of radiation in elevation which does not include cancellation in the vicinity of the vertical, that is to say according to the axis XX.

Sur la figure 3 apparaissent des trous filetés, tels que 15, qui sont percés dans les éléments verticaux des dipôles; ces trous filetés sont destinés à la fixation de l'antenne et cette fixation va être décrite à l'aide de la figure 4.In Figure 3 appear threaded holes, such as 15, which are drilled in the vertical elements of the dipoles; these threaded holes are intended for fixing the antenna and this fixing will be described with the aid of FIG. 4.

La figure 4 est une vue partielle permettant d'expliquer le montage des antennes à l'intérieur du radome 4. Ce radome 4 est constitué de deux demi-coques 40, 41 prévues pour être assemblées bord à bord à l'aide de vis. Chacune des deux antennes 1, 2 est d'abord assemblée avec son élément de raccordement 5, 6 constitué, comme il a été vu à l'aide de la figure précédente, d'une boîte de jonction, d'un coupleur à 3 dB et d'une charge d'équilibrage. Dans cet assemblage la boîte de jonction constitue l'élément central sur lequel sont raccordés d'une part les dipôles de l'antenne et d'autre part le coupleur, la charge d'équilibrage et le câble d'alimentation. Si l'on considère l'antenne 1, les dipôles 11 et 12 sont alors fixés sur la paroi de la demi-coque 40 où des trous sont prévus à cet effet pour une fixation parvis. Les demi-coques 40 et 41 sont alors amenées en contact; ces demi-coques comportent des lèvres sur leur bord; quand ces demi-coques sont réunies, leurs lèvres viennent en contact et des vis réalisent une liaison mécanique entre ces lèvres. Des trous percés à cet effet dans les dipôles 13 et 14 et dans la demi-coque 41 permettent alors la fixation parvis de ces dipôles 13 et 14 sur la demi-coque 41.Figure 4 is a partial view to explain the mounting of the antennas inside the radome 4. This radome 4 consists of two half-shells 40, 41 intended to be assembled edge to edge using screws. Each of the two antennas 1, 2 is first assembled with its connection element 5, 6 consisting, as has been seen with the aid of the preceding figure, of a junction box, of a 3 dB coupler and a balancing charge. In this assembly, the junction box constitutes the central element to which the dipoles of the antenna are connected on the one hand and the coupler, the balancing load and the power cable on the other hand. If we consider the antenna 1, the dipoles 11 and 12 are then fixed on the wall of the half-shell 40 where holes are provided for this purpose for a forecourt fixing. The half-shells 40 and 41 are then brought into contact; these half-shells have lips on their edge; when these half-shells are joined together, their lips come into contact and screws make a mechanical connection between these lips. Holes drilled for this purpose in the dipoles 13 and 14 and in the half-shell 41 then allow the forecourt fixing of these dipoles 13 and 14 to the half-shell 41.

L'ensemble rayonnant qui a servi-d'exempte à la description qui précède est un ensemble rayonnant destiné à une station VHF fonctionnant de 108 à 156 MHz; il présente une hauteur totale de 5 m environ et un diamètre de l'ordre de 1 m au niveau du radome. Dans cette réalisation le découplage entre l'antenne émettrice et l'antenne réceptrice est supérieur à 55 dB; quant au diagramme de rayonnement en site il ne comporte pas d'annulation au voisinage de la verticale (axe XX) mais une valeur de champ qui est de l'order de -20 dB par rapport au champ maximum, ceci étant dû aux éléments horizontaux, tels que 11d, 11 e, situés aux extrémités des dipôles.The radiating assembly which has served as an example for the foregoing description is a radiating assembly intended for a VHF station operating from 108 to 156 MHz; it has a total height of around 5 m and a diameter of around 1 m at the level of the radome. In this embodiment, the decoupling between the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna is greater than 55 dB; as for the radiation diagram in site it does not include cancellation near the vertical (axis XX) but a field value which is of the order of -20 dB compared to the maximum field, this being due to the horizontal elements , such as 11d, 11 e, located at the ends of the dipoles.

Dans la réalisation ayant servi d'exemple à la description le radome 4 est réalisé en stratifié de polyester et a une épaisseur qui va en augmentant vers sa base pour atteindre à cet endroit une valeur 15 mm.In the embodiment which served as an example in the description, the radome 4 is made of polyester laminate and has a thickness which increases towards its base to reach a value of 15 mm at this point.

La présente invention n'est pas limitée à l'exemple décrit c'est ainsi que, par exemple, les éléments horizontaux terminant les dipôles peuvent être supprimés dans la mesure où le diagramme de rayonnement en site des antennes peut comporter une annulation au voisinage de la verticale de l'antenne. De même les boîtes de jonction peuvent ne pas être réalisées sous la forme de cubes mais sous la forme de cylindre ou de sphère; il suffit que ces boîtes de jonction présentent une symétrie par rapport à l'axe XX, de manière que le diagramme de rayonnement en azimut des antennes reste omnidirectionnel. Les boîtes de jonction 5, 6 peuvent même être constituées par de simple boîtes fermées à l'intérieur desquelles passent les conducteurs coaxiaux nécessaires aux liaisons entre les sorties des coupleurs directifs et les dipôles de l'antenne: Il est à noter également que les dipôles minces qui ont été décrits à raide des figures peuvent être remplacés par des dipôles beaucoup plus épais, de formes diverse, afin d'augmenter la largeur de bande de l'antenne.The present invention is not limited to the example described, this is how, for example, the horizontal elements terminating the dipoles can be omitted insofar as the radiation pattern in elevation of the antennas can include a cancellation in the vicinity of the vertical of the antenna. Similarly, the junction boxes may not be made in the form of cubes but in the form of a cylinder or a sphere; it is sufficient that these junction boxes have a symmetry with respect to the axis XX, so that the radiation pattern in azimuth of the antennas remains omnidirectional. The junction boxes 5, 6 can even be constituted by simple closed boxes inside which pass the coaxial conductors necessary for the connections between the outputs of the directional couplers and the dipoles of the antenna: It should also be noted that the dipoles The thin ones which have been described with steep figures can be replaced by much thicker dipoles, of various shapes, in order to increase the bandwidth of the antenna.

La présente invention est destinée, en particulier, aux ensembles rayonnants des stations VHF et UHF.The present invention is intended, in particular, for radiating assemblies of VHF and UHF stations.

Claims (5)

1. A radiating system comprising two superimposed antennas (1, 2) having a vertical axis XX and one of which is a transmitter (2) and the other a receiver (1) antenna, the two antennas being intended to operate within the same frequency range and each comprising four vertical dipoles (11-14, 21-24) arranged at the corners of a square (A, B, C, D), and wherein each antenna is associated with a 3 dB coupler (51) a first terminal of which is connected to a feed cable (10) and with a junction box (50) for coupling second and third conjugate terminals of the coupler to the dipoles of the respective antenna, characterized in that, for each antenna, the coupler (51) and the junction box (50) associated with this antenna are arranged at the level of this antenna substantially along the axis XX, and the dipoles are affixed on the junction box (50), and in that a cylindrical vertical radome (4) on the inner wall of which the dipoles are affixed, forms the carrier of the two antennas.
2. Radiating system according to claim 1, characterized in that each dipole (11-14, 21-24) has a height of substantially λ/2 (À: wavelength corresponding to the mean frequency of the frequency range) and in that the distance between the two antennas is about λ.
3. Radiating system according to claim 2, characterized in that the dipoles (11-14, 21-24) are curved at each of their ends to present a horizontal element (11d, 11e) directed toward the axis XX.
4. Radiating system according to claim 3, characterized in that, in order to obtain a field along the axis XX of the order of -20 dB with respect to the maximum field, the length of the horizontal element of the dipoles is of the order of λ/20.
5. Radiating system according to claim 1, characterized in that the junction box (50) is a metallic block which is substantially symmetrical with respect to the axis XX and whereacross the connection between the coupler and the antenna associated therewith passes.
EP82402217A 1981-12-15 1982-12-03 Radiating system comprising two stacked antennas working in the same frequency band Expired EP0082053B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT82402217T ATE25305T1 (en) 1981-12-15 1982-12-03 RADIATION SYSTEM WITH TWO ANTENNAS PLACED ON TOP OF ONE OTHER WORKING IN THE SAME FREQUENCY RANGE.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8123439A FR2518321A1 (en) 1981-12-15 1981-12-15 RADIANT ASSEMBLY WITH TWO SUPERPOSED ANTENNAS WORKING IN THE SAME RANGE OF FREQUENCIES
FR8123439 1981-12-15

Publications (2)

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EP0082053A1 EP0082053A1 (en) 1983-06-22
EP0082053B1 true EP0082053B1 (en) 1987-01-28

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EP82402217A Expired EP0082053B1 (en) 1981-12-15 1982-12-03 Radiating system comprising two stacked antennas working in the same frequency band

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EP (1) EP0082053B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE25305T1 (en)
BR (1) BR8207215A (en)
DE (1) DE3275336D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2518321A1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2634598B1 (en) * 1988-07-22 1990-10-05 Thomson Lgt AN OMNIDIRECTIONAL ANTENNA, IN PARTICULAR FOR THE TRANSMISSION OF BROADCASTING OR TELEVISION SIGNALS IN THE UHF BAND, AND RADIATION SYSTEM IN THE FORM OF A GROUPING OF THESE ANTENNAS
US5764195A (en) * 1996-07-24 1998-06-09 Hazeltine Corporation UHF/VHF multifunction ocean antenna system
EP1385231A1 (en) * 1996-09-26 2004-01-28 Texas Instruments Incorporated An antenna array
ITRM20100339A1 (en) * 2010-06-22 2011-12-23 Albino Benedettini "APPARATUS TO OMNIDIRECTIONAL ANTENNA FOR DIGITAL TERRESTRIAL"

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2471515A (en) * 1944-07-25 1949-05-31 Rca Corp Antenna
DE1011012B (en) * 1956-01-31 1957-06-27 Telefunken Gmbh Antenna arrangement with a protective cover made of insulating material
FR1196945A (en) * 1956-11-28 1959-11-26 Budavox Budapesti Hiradastechn TV antenna
DE1297707B (en) * 1962-06-29 1969-06-19 Rohde & Schwarz Antenna arrangement consisting of one antenna each for horizontally and vertically polarized radiation
NL296766A (en) * 1962-08-17
FR1410924A (en) * 1963-10-10 1965-09-10 Siemens Ag Distributor device for consumer elements supplied in phase quadrature, in particular for antennas
DE2711978A1 (en) * 1977-03-18 1978-09-21 Inst Rundfunktechnik Gmbh VHF transmitter aerial with omnidirectional characteristics - has self-supporting plastics base body carrying the reflecting surface

Also Published As

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ATE25305T1 (en) 1987-02-15
FR2518321A1 (en) 1983-06-17
EP0082053A1 (en) 1983-06-22
BR8207215A (en) 1983-10-18
FR2518321B1 (en) 1985-05-17
DE3275336D1 (en) 1987-03-05

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