EP0081551A1

EP0081551A1 - Coating for a hearth having an at least approximately circular cross-section.

Info

Publication number: EP0081551A1
Application number: EP82901961A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Wolfgang Hermann; Bernhard Ruter; Rainer Gorris; Herbert Nowak
Original assignee: Karrena GmbH; Rheinische Braunkohlenwerke AG
Current assignee: Karrena GmbH; Rheinbraun AG
Priority date: 1981-06-19
Filing date: 1982-06-16
Publication date: 1983-06-22
Also published as: DE3262211D1; ZA824072B; DE3124263A1; CA1194365A; AU554508B2; US4463690A; WO1982004473A1; BR8207755A; SU1269749A3; AU8587582A; EP0081551B1; JPS58500958A; DD210341A1

Abstract

Le revetement est subdivise radialement en au moins deux couches (11, 12, 13) et axialement en au moins deux parties. Une feuille (14) etanche au gaz est disposee entre les parties du revetement et comprend radialement au moins trois troncons (16, 17, 18) qui sont interconnectes de facon que le troncon interieur puisse etre enleve en direction axiale.The covering is subdivided radially into at least two layers (11, 12, 13) and axially into at least two parts. A gas-tight sheet (14) is arranged between the parts of the covering and comprises radially at least three sections (16, 17, 18) which are interconnected so that the interior section can be removed in the axial direction.

Description

Lining for a combustion chamber that is at least approximately round in cross section

The invention relates to a lining for a combustion chamber which is at least approximately round in cross section _/ which is divided into at least two layers in the radial direction and at least two sections in the axial direction, with a seal made of metallic material as a gas seal.

In general, the layers of such linings are made of different materials, which are selected in accordance with the temperature stresses and the expected thermal expansions in the respective layer. It is known to provide gas seals between the sections of such a liner extending in the axial direction, which are intended to prevent gases from entering the rear layers of the liner in an uncontrolled manner due to pressure differences and damaging the liner. Such damage can be caused mechanically by the formation of channels or other cavities. Damage due to chemical reaction is also conceivable. These gas seals are also called gas barriers.

It is known to use sheet metal as a gas seal. Difficulties have arisen here, however, which can be attributed to the fact that the sheets have a different coefficient of thermal expansion than the layers of the lining which are usually formed by ceramic material. The different thermal expansions can put so much strain on the sheets that cracks occur and the gas seal thus loses its effect *. Most of these cracks appear

OMPI

S --Λesr-sy WIIPPOO in the transition area between two adjacent layers of the lining.

The gas seals made from sheet metal were previously one-piece in the horizontal direction. Therefore, different thermal expansions of the individual lining layers in the axial direction in the area of the gas seals could not be compensated for, or only insufficiently. A further disadvantage was that the one-piece gas seals in the radial direction made it difficult, for example, to replace only the inner layer of the lining and / or that the gas seals were not only partially replaced in a damaged area.

It was therefore an object of the present invention to provide a gas seal for linings of the type mentioned at the outset, which adapts well to different thermal expansions in the individual layers and is therefore exposed to lower stresses and which also enables or enables repairs in parts of the lining simplified.

To achieve this object, it is proposed according to the invention that the gas seal is designed as a film and is divided in the radial direction into at least two parts which are detachably connected to one another in a manner that enables the removal of the inner part in the axial direction.

Since a metallic foil has a considerably lower stiffness than a metal sheet, a gas seal made of foil can adapt to the thermal expansions in the different radial areas of the lining much better. This eliminates the risk of excessive stress on the gas seal and the formation of cracks. The individual parts of the gas seal can also be

OMPI * due to the low material thickness of the film, simply connect by folding, bending or similar overlaps so that the overall thickness of the gas seal does not become too great in this connection area either. Thermal expansion of different magnitudes can also be compensated for in such a connection area. Due to the detachable connection of the gas sealing parts, assembly or replacement in the event of repairs are also made easier, for example when only part of a lining layer has to be replaced.

According to the invention, the subdivision of the seal into border regions between two adjacent layers of the lining is advantageously provided, since the seal can then be mounted or replaced together with the respective lining layer.

According to the invention, it is further proposed that the seal be divided in the circumferential direction into a plurality of sector-shaped parts which overlap with one another in the region of their radial edges. This ensures that there is good adaptability of the seal to the thermal expansions that occur in the circumferential direction. It is advantageous according to the invention if one of the two edges of a sector-shaped part lies above and one edge below the edge of an adjacent part and if at least one of the sector-shaped parts overlaps the adjacent parts with both edges. This makes it easy to mount the seal over the circumference of the lining.

The parts of the seal which are connected to one another in the boundary region between two layers of the lining can be bent over in the axial direction and can lie tightly against one another with their bent strips. The connection area between two parts of the gas seal is thus in one between two adjacent layers of the plane extending clothing and remains accessible even after the attachment of a further axial section of the lining, it also being advantageous that the connection area of the sealing parts is not directly loaded by the weight of the next section of the lining. It is favorable also in this hang Zusammen¬ when the bent-over strips of two benach¬ barter sealing parts protrude into ^'a formed between the layers of the lining gap z. B. can be formed by a mortar joint. This ensures that there is sufficient space in each case in the radial direction to accommodate the connection area between two sealing parts.

It is further proposed according to the invention that the free edge of an axially extending strip of one sealing part is folded over into a pocket into which the free edge of the axial strip of the other sealing part can be inserted. The two sealing parts are thus pushed into one another in the manner of a plug-in connection, so that additional bending during assembly or disassembly is not necessary.

It is advantageous according to the invention if the pocket is assigned to the outer sealing part and is angled upwards in the axial direction and that the axial strip of the inner sealing part can be pulled down out of the pocket.

In order to achieve a further improvement in the sealing effect in the connection area, the free edge of the strip inserted into the pocket can be folded by approximately 180 ° to form a sealing lip. In addition, it is also conceivable to fold the free edge of a strip folded over into a pocket toward the outside of the pocket in order to enlarge the free edge of the pocket

To give firmness. - 5 -

According to a further embodiment of the invention, a sealing part can be composed of a ring segment extending in the radial direction and a strip extending in the axial direction, which are connected to one another by folding. This enables a better adaptation of the film material to the arcuate course of the lining cross section.

It is also advantageous according to the invention if the end faces of the lining layers that delimit the sections project in a stepped manner in the axial direction, if adjacent layers are each assigned their own sealing part, which has a ring part that extends in a radial plane and a ring part that extends in the axial direction Has strips, and when adjacent sealing parts are telescopically inserted with their strips.

In this case, there is a step-like projection of the gas seal, so that the sections of the individual lining layers adjoining one another in the axial direction need not be at the same height. There is also a sufficiently large overlap area in the axial direction, so that the overlap area can be comparatively large and this ensures even better sealing without the sealing parts having to be folded together.

According to the invention, the outer edge of the seal can in each case be arranged between a support ring and a retaining ring which are screwed together or connected in some other way. The layers of the lining can also be mounted in sections on a ring console, the outer edge of the seal being held clampingly between the lining and the ring console. Some preferred embodiments of the invention are described in more detail below with reference to a drawing. In detail show:

1 shows a schematic longitudinal section through a furnace with a three-layer lining;

2 shows a section of a portion of the lining with a first embodiment of the gas seal;

3 shows a top view of the gas seal in the region of a lining layer, seen in the axial direction;

4 shows the gas seal according to FIG. 3, seen in the radial direction;

5 shows, as a partial section through the lining, a next embodiment of the gas seal;

6 in a modified embodiment the connection area between two parts of the gas seal;

7 shows a next embodiment of the gas seal in the connection area;

8 shows a further modified embodiment of the gas seal in the adjacent area between two layers of the lining;

9 shows an arrangement of the gas seal in the outer edge region of the lining.

First of all, the general structure of a furnace, which here has the form of a pressure reactor and is used to gasify carbon-containing material, will be described with reference to FIG. 1. Average temperatures of up to 1100 ° C. occur here, but peak values of up to 1500 ° C. can be reached. The operating pressure will generally be between 10 bar and 30 bar, although maximum values of over 100 bar are possible. Furthermore, such a pressure reactor can have an outside diameter of up to four

OMP Meters and have a length of up to ten meters or more.

The pressure reactor has an outer steel jacket 10 and a lining which is made of refractory building materials and forms three layers 11, 12 and 13. Each of these layers 11, 12 and 13 is the length of the pressure reactor, i. H. in the axial direction, divided into two sections, one of which lies above and the other below a gas seal generally designated by the reference number 14. Since the gas seal 14 has the task of preventing the penetration of gas into the outer part of the lining due to pressure differences that can occur between the lower and the upper part of the interior 15 during a reaction process, additional gas seals 14 are made as required must also be arranged in the higher area of the pressure reactor if such pressure differences are also to be expected there.

The figures 2 to 9 to be explained below show, on a much larger scale, different embodiments of the gas seal 14 on their own or in connection with the corresponding installation area between the layers 11, 12 and 13 of the lining.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 2, the gas seal is formed in the radial direction by three sealing parts 16, 17 and 18, of which the sealing part 16 between the two sections of the layer 11 adjoining one another in the axial direction, the part 17 between the two in the axial direction In the direction of adjoining sections of the layer 12 and the part 18 between the two axially adjacent sections of the layer 13 of the lining is arranged. The sealing part 16 can, as shown for example below in connection with FIGS. 3 and 4, be divided over the circumference into individual sector-shaped parts which overlap accordingly. Since the

Lining cross-section is circular - 6 -

Strips 16a of the sealing part 16 corresponding in the form of a circular arc, which also applies to the other strips of the sealing parts which extend in the axial direction and which are described in connection with the later exemplary embodiments.

The sealing part 16 consists as well as the sealing parts

17 and 18 and the sealing parts to be described in connection with the other exemplary embodiments made of a metal foil, the thickness of which is between 0.01 and 1 mm. In general, thicknesses between 0.05 and 0.3 mm will be used, although different foils can of course also be selected within a gas seal. As a material for the film, it is advisable to use high-temperature steels with relatively high alloy proportions or another high-temperature alloy.

The sealing part 17, which adjoins the sealing part 16 towards the outside, has at its two ends in each case a strip 17a bent over in the axial direction, one of which is bent downwards and overlaps with the strip 16a of the sealing part 16. The strip 17a, which is bent upwards on the outer side of the sealing part 17, overlaps with a strip 18a of the sealing part 18 which is bent downwards this is welded on. An annular seal 29 is inserted between the sealing part 18 and the support ring 19. On the top of the sealing part 18 is a retaining ring 21 which is screwed to the support ring 19.

The overlap between the sealing parts 16, 17 and

18 is designed such that the sealing parts can be separated from one another by pulling them off in the axial direction. If, for example, you only want to replace the lower section of the inner layer 11 of the lining, the sealing part 16 can be changed according to the pro i ^ ξ ^ -

OMPI Remove the soric catch of the upper section and the removal of the lower section of the layer 11 and replace it with a new sealing part 16 if necessary. The overlapping strips 16a and 17a or 17a and 18a also allow different thermal expansions to be compensated for in the axial direction. The film from which the sealing parts 16, 17 and 18 are made is shown both in FIG. 2 and in the following figures in a disproportionately large scale in relation to the thickness of the layers 11, 12 and 13, by which To be able to show overlap better. In practice, these overlap regions lie in a relatively narrow gap between two adjacent layers 11, 12 or 13 of the lining or between sections of the respective lining layers lying one above the other.

FIGS. 3 and 4 show which structure a gas seal can have in the circumferential direction. To simplify the illustration, FIG. 4 is shown in the manner of a settlement to FIG. 3. The sealing parts 22, which overlap in the circumferential direction, have strips 22a which are bent upwards in the axial direction and overlap in such a way that each of the two circumferential edges of each sealing part 22 has an edge above and an edge below ¬ is half of the edge of an adjacent part. Two of the sealing parts 22 overlap both edges of the adjacent sealing parts 22. These sealing parts are installed as the first and last part of the gas seal.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, the gas seal in the radial direction is also divided into three seal parts 23, 24 and 25. The inner sealing part 23 assigned to the layer 11 has a strip 23a bent upwards. The adjacent sealing part 24 has on its side facing the sealing part 23 an approximately V-shaped strip 24a which extends over the strip 23a of the sealing part 23 or into which the strip 23a can be inserted.

The sealing part 24 has at its outer edge a strip 24b which is first bent downwards and then outwards, the horizontal part of which overlaps the horizontal part of a strip 25a of the sealing part 25 which is shaped in the same way. This overlapping area is located in a groove-shaped recess 26 of approximately square cross-section, which is formed in the middle layer 12 of the lining and is filled with a sealing or filling compound in the form of mortar, fiber material or the like. In this embodiment there is a relatively large overlap area in the radial direction, in which correspondingly large thermal expansions can be compensated for to a sufficient extent.

The outer sealing part 25 is fastened in the same way as in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2 by means of a support ring 19, a seal 20 and a retaining ring 21.

6 shows a modified embodiment for the connection between two adjacent sealing parts 27 and 28. The sealing part 27 has a strip 27a bent over in the axial direction, the free edge of which in turn is bent through 180 ° to form a sealing lip 27b. As a result, the edge of the sealing part 27 can better adapt to the shape of a strip 28a of the sealing part 28 bent over into a V-shaped pocket. The free edge of the strip 28a, in turn, is outwardly bent back zu¬ to greater strength ^• to achieve in this field by 180 °. The connection is also established here by simply plugging the sealing parts 27 and 28 into one another.

OK.PI

WIPO In the embodiment according to FIG. 7, two sealing parts 29 and 39 are not in direct contact with one another, but are connected to one another by a connecting part 31. The sealing part 29 has a strip 29a bent upwards in the axial direction. The connecting part 31 is connected to the sealing part 30 by two folds 30a and 31a. Following the fold 31a, the connecting part 31 forms a second, likewise U-shaped part 31b, which runs at approximately a right angle to the fold 31a and surrounds the strip 29a of the sealing part 29. Here too, the connecting part 31 is designed and shaped such that the sealing part 29 can be inserted or removed in the axial direction. To improve the sealing effect in this area, a seal 32 can additionally be placed between the strips 29a and the U-shaped part 31b of the connecting part 31 surrounding them.

8 shows only the neighboring area between the two layers 11 and 12 of the lining. A layer 33 is assigned to the layer 11, which has a strip 33a which is bent upward approximately in the axial direction. The latter, in turn, is bent outwards at its free edge by 180 °. The same applies to a similarly shaped strip 34a of the sealing part 34 assigned to the layer 12. With the exception of the parts of the strips 33a and 34a bent back by 180 °, this embodiment of the gas seal is similar to the embodiment according to FIG. 2. It is now however, the overlap area in the axial direction is even larger. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 9, only the layer 11 of the lining is divided in the axial direction above and below the gas seal. In the area of the layers 12 and 13, the upper lining section is supported on console stones 35, which are enclosed in a support ring 36 with an L-shaped cross section. Instead of the console stones 35, a concrete ring that is continuous over the circumference or formed from segment-shaped parts can also be used. The support ring 36 lies over two seals 37 on a support bracket 38, which in turn is welded to the steel jacket 19.

A sealing part 39 assigned to the inner layer 11 and a sealing part 40 assigned to the other two layers 12 and 13 are connected to one another in the same way as, for example, the sealing parts 23 and 24 in the embodiment according to FIG. 5. The outer sealing part 40 is held clamped between the two seals 37. ^"

Claims

Patent claims

1. Lining for a combustion chamber which is at least approximated in cross section and which is divided in the radial direction into at least two layers and in the axial direction into at least two sections, with a seal made of metallic material as a gas seal, characterized in that the seal (14) is designed as a film and is divided in the radial direction into at least two parts (16 ^" , 17, 18) which are detachably connected to one another in a manner which enables the removal of the inner part in the axial direction.

2. Lining according to claim 1, characterized in that the subdivision of the seal (14) is provided in the border area between two adjacent layers (11, 12, 13) of the lining.

3. Lining according to claims 1 or 2, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the seal (14) is divided in the circumferential direction into a plurality of sector-shaped parts (22) which overlap each other in the region of their radial edges (Fig. 3 and 4) .

4. Lining according to claim 3, characterized in that each of the two edges of a sector-shaped part (22) has an edge above and an edge below the edge of an adjacent part and that at least one of the sector-shaped parts (22) has both edges overlaps the adjacent parts (22) (FIGS. 3 and 4).

5. A liner according to any one of the preceding claims, da¬ by in that the ^{'interconnected} in the boundary region between two layers (11, 12, 13) of the lining portions (16, 17, - 18) of the seal (14) in the axial direction are bent and rest with their bent strips (16a, 17a, 18a) sealingly against each other ^^ _j E (Fig. 2).

6. Lining according to claim 5, characterized in that the bent strips (16a, .17a, 18a) of two adjacent sealing parts (16, 17, 18) protrude into a gap formed between the layers (11, 12, 13) of the lining ( Fig. 2).

7. Lining according to claim 5 or 6, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the free edge of an axially extending strip (24a) of one sealing part (24) is folded into a pocket into which the free edge of the axial strip (23a ) of the other sealing part (23) can be inserted (FIG. 5).

8. Lining according to claim 1, characterized in that the pocket is assigned to the outer sealing part (24) and is angled upwards in the axial direction and that the axial strip (23a) of the inner sealing part (23) points downwards the bag can be pulled out (Fig. 5).

9. Lining according to claim 8, characterized in that the free edge of the strip (27a) inserted into the pocket is folded by approximately 180 ° to form a sealing lip (27b) (Fig. 6).

10. Lining according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the free edge of a strip folded over to form a pocket (28a) is in turn folded over to the outside of the pocket (FIG. 6).

11. Lining according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in each case a sealing part (30) is composed of a ring segment which extends in the radial direction and a strip (connecting part 31) which extends in the axial direction and is joined together by folding are connected (Fig. 7). 12. Lining according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the end faces of the lining layers (11, 12) delimiting the sections project in a stepped manner in the axial direction that adjacent layers (11,

12) each has its own sealing part (33, 34), which has a ring part extending in the radial plane and a strip (33a, 34a) extending in the axial direction, and that adjacent sealing parts (33, 34) with their Strips (33a, 34a) are telescopically placed one inside the other (Fig. 8).

13. Lining according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer edge of the seal (sealing part 18) is arranged between a support ring (19) and a retaining ring (21) and that the rings are screwed together (FIG. 2).

14. Lining according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the layers (12, 13) of the lining are each sectionally mounted on an annular support bracket (38) and that the outer edge of the seal (sealing part 40) between the lining and the support bracket (38) is held in a clamping manner (FIG. 9).