EP0076748B1 - Assemblage combustible pour un réacteur nucléaire - Google Patents

Assemblage combustible pour un réacteur nucléaire Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0076748B1
EP0076748B1 EP82401781A EP82401781A EP0076748B1 EP 0076748 B1 EP0076748 B1 EP 0076748B1 EP 82401781 A EP82401781 A EP 82401781A EP 82401781 A EP82401781 A EP 82401781A EP 0076748 B1 EP0076748 B1 EP 0076748B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tubes
guide
spacer
neutron capture
grids
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP82401781A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0076748A1 (fr
Inventor
Joseph Leclercq
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Areva NP SAS
Original Assignee
Framatome SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=9262724&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0076748(B1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Framatome SA filed Critical Framatome SA
Publication of EP0076748A1 publication Critical patent/EP0076748A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0076748B1 publication Critical patent/EP0076748B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C3/00—Reactor fuel elements and their assemblies; Selection of substances for use as reactor fuel elements
    • G21C3/30—Assemblies of a number of fuel elements in the form of a rigid unit
    • G21C3/32—Bundles of parallel pin-, rod-, or tube-shaped fuel elements
    • G21C3/326—Bundles of parallel pin-, rod-, or tube-shaped fuel elements comprising fuel elements of different composition; comprising, in addition to the fuel elements, other pin-, rod-, or tube-shaped elements, e.g. control rods, grid support rods, fertile rods, poison rods or dummy rods
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C3/00—Reactor fuel elements and their assemblies; Selection of substances for use as reactor fuel elements
    • G21C3/30—Assemblies of a number of fuel elements in the form of a rigid unit
    • G21C3/32—Bundles of parallel pin-, rod-, or tube-shaped fuel elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C3/00—Reactor fuel elements and their assemblies; Selection of substances for use as reactor fuel elements
    • G21C3/30—Assemblies of a number of fuel elements in the form of a rigid unit
    • G21C3/32—Bundles of parallel pin-, rod-, or tube-shaped fuel elements
    • G21C3/334—Assembling, maintenance or repair of the bundles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fuel assembly for a nuclear reactor consisting of a bundle of parallel fuel rods, the spacing of which is maintained by spacer grids transverse to the rods and support tubes replacing certain fuel rods.
  • the support tubes or guide tubes of a length greater than the length of the fuel rods, ensure in cooperation with two transverse end plates the maintenance of the grids, the rigidity of the assembly, the guidance of the control rods and resumption of axial forces.
  • the axial forces pass only through the guide tubes while, throughout the common area of the assembly located between the extreme grids, the axial force also passes through the rods.
  • Such assemblies of great length, with square section, constitute the core, in pressurized water nuclear reactors for example.
  • the end plates of such assemblies are generally made of stainless steel while the spacer grids arranged at regular intervals along the length of the assembly are generally made of a nickel alloy, or of a zirconium alloy.
  • the various parts namely the end plates, the spacer grids and the guide tubes, constituting the framework of the assembly inside which the fuel rods are placed.
  • materials such as stainless steel or nickel alloys are materials with high neutron capture, so that the performance of fuel assemblies comprising a large mass of these materials is reduced accordingly.
  • zirconium alloys used cannot be welded to stainless steel and to nickel alloys respectively constituting the end plates and the grids of the assembly.
  • Such an assembly comprises a mass of material with a strong neutron capture reduced compared to previously known assemblies, but its manufacture requires numerous and complex operations, since it is necessary to weld in each of the cells spacer grids inside which tubes pass.
  • guides, sleeves made of stainless steel insert the guide tubes into these sleeves, then crimp the guide tube into the sleeve, by inserting tools inside the guide tubes.
  • the zirconium alloy tubes grow and expand less than the steel parts generally used for the end pieces, so that it is necessary to provide, when designing the assembly, possibility of differential elongation of the assembly in service.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to propose a fuel assembly for a nuclear reactor consisting of a bundle of parallel fuel rods, the spacing of which is maintained by transverse grids with respect to the rods and support tubes replacing some rods fuel, these support tubes, or guide tubes, of a length greater than the fuel rods ensuring with two transverse end plates, the maintenance of the grids, the rigidity of the assembly, the resumption of the axial forces as well as the guidance reactor control rods, the end plates being made of a material with a strong neutron capture, such as stainless steel, this fuel assembly being of a structure allowing easier and less expensive manufacture, and ensuring good resistance with respect to the axial forces.
  • the fuel assembly according to the invention comprises at least two guide tubes made of metallurgically compatible material with that of the spacer grids rigidly fixed to the plates and to the spacer grids to ensure the connection of the various parts constituting the assembly, the connections between these guide tubes, the extreme spacers and the end plates allowing, in the zones comprised between the end plates and the extreme grids, the resumption of the axial forces only by these guide tubes and the other guide tubes, made of material with low neutron capture, being secured only to one of the end plates sliding mounted in the other end plate and simply engaged in the cells of the spacer grids so as to be able to move relative thereto, under the effect of expansion.
  • the spacer grids are made of the same material with a strong neutron capture as the end plates, for example made of stainless steel, as well as the two guide tubes fixed to these grids.
  • the spacer grids are made of a material with low neutron capture, for example made of Zircaloy, as well as the two guide tubes fixed to these grids, and these two guide tubes are fixed to the plates. end by mechanical connections, for example by screwing.
  • a fuel assembly is seen consisting of a bundle of parallel fuel rods 1, the spacing of which is maintained by means of spacer grids 2 regularly spaced along the length of the fuel assembly and constituting, as it is visible in FIG. 2, a square mesh network where some of the locations of the fuel rods 1 are occupied by guide tubes 5.
  • the guide tubes 5 are of a length greater than the length of the bars 1, so that these guide tubes can be fixed to the end plates 3 to ensure the rigidity of the assembly.
  • the tubes 5 serve both to maintain the rigidity of the assembly and to guide the absorbent bars constituting the control bar associated with the assembly.
  • the guide tube 6 is a stainless steel tube and its connection to the spacer grids 9 and 10 and to the upper nozzle 8 is carried out by direct welding on these parts.
  • the tube 7 is made of zirconium alloy called “Zircaioy with low neutron capture.
  • This tube 7 is simply engaged in the spacers 9 and 10 and in the upper nozzle 8, inside openings allowing the longitudinal displacement of the tube 7 relative to these spacer grids and this upper nozzle, when the tube 7 undergoes an elongation under the effect of the irradiation and the temperature in the reactor.
  • the entire assembly includes four stainless steel guide tubes such as tube 6 and 20 zirconium alloy tubes such as tube 7.
  • the tubes 7 are fixed at their lower part to the lower end of the assembly, by a mechanical connection.
  • the construction of the assembly is very easy, since the four stainless steel tubes can be welded directly to the end fittings and to the spacer plates, without requiring any intermediate parts.
  • the free sliding of the zirconium tubes in the openings made in the upper end piece and in the spacer grids makes it possible to absorb the expansion of the zirconium tubes under irradiation, without there being any elongation of the assembly.
  • the stainless steel tube 11 is welded at its upper part to the end piece 13 and to each of the spacer grids such as 18 arranged at regular intervals along the height of the assembly.
  • the guide tube 12 of zirconium alloy with low neutron capture is simply engaged in openings of the spacer grids such as 16 and 18 and in the upper end piece 15.
  • the tube 11 carries at its lower end a stopper 19 made of stainless steel which allows its fixing by screws to the lower end plate 20.
  • the lower extreme grid 60 is linked to the lower end piece 20 by a sleeve 61 to which it is welded.
  • the guide tube 11 is inserted into this sleeve.
  • the sleeve is immobilized on the end plate during the fixing of the tube.
  • the lower part of the zirconium alloy tube 12 is fixed to the lower plate 20 by means of a zirconium alloy stopper 23 closing the lower end of the tube 12 and allowing the tube 12 to be fixed by screw to the end piece lower 20.
  • the other twenty tubes used are zirconium alloy tubes such as tube 12, fixed only on the lower end piece 20.
  • the stainless steel tip 13 is of square section which allows to have a perfect engagement of this tip in the grid 16 and an extremely resistant fixing of the tip on the grid 16 and the plate upper end 15, without interfering with the fuel rods.
  • the end pieces 14 have a square section allowing perfect engagement in the cells of the grid 16.
  • FIG. 6 an embodiment of the connections between the stainless steel guide tubes and the end piece is seen by direct welding of these tubes on the upper end piece 15 and on the upper spacer grid 16, without the use of a sleeve 13.
  • the tubes 12 in Zircaloy are however engaged in sleeves 14 identical to those described with reference to Figure 4, ensuring the connection between the plate and the upper end and the upper spacer grid.
  • This embodiment of the assembly makes it possible to reduce the mass of stainless steel and therefore the absorption of neutrons by the structures of this assembly.
  • FIG. 7 we can see the upper part of a guide tube 24 made of stainless steel, ensuring the rigidity of the assembly, in the case of an easily removable fuel assembly, as described in the patent of the company FRAMATOME FR-A-2 368 785.
  • the upper end of the guide tubes comprises a flared portion of prismatic shape 25 which can be introduced into a housing 26 formed in the lower part of the upper end piece 27, for fixing the tube to this end piece, thanks to a hollow socket 28 and comprising a threaded part 29 which screws into a corresponding threaded part formed on the inner surface of the part 25 of the guide tube.
  • the sleeve 28 is engaged in an opening passing through the plate 27 and comprising a shoulder 31 and an upper part 32 of larger diameter than the lower part in which the housings 33 are formed, for blocking the rotation of the sleeve by expansion of the ferrule constituting the upper part.
  • the other twenty guide tubes are made of zirconium alloy and are fixed only to the lower end of the assembly by plug and by screw as described with reference to FIG. 4.
  • the tubes of zirconium alloy are on the other hand, introduced into openings of the spacer grids and of the upper end piece, allowing their displacement, in the event of expansion of these tubes.
  • Zircaloy guide tubes of sufficient length so that these tubes open as close as possible to the upper face of the upper end piece of the assembly. These tubes are thus maintained and guided more efficiently.
  • FIG. 8 an alternative embodiment of the fixing of a guide tube made of stainless steel is seen. dable, in the case of an easily removable assembly.
  • the fixing of a cylindrical end-piece 36 is carried out comprising an upper end 39 of prismatic shape engaged in an opening of corresponding shape formed in the upper end-piece 38.
  • a socket 37 can be fixed as before inside the end piece 36 for fixing the upper plate 38 relative to this end piece 36.
  • the end piece 36 is moreover fixed by welding to the spacer grids such as 40 and the stainless steel guide tube 41 is fixed by welding to the end of the end piece 36, immediately below the first spacer grid 40 .
  • connection between the upper plate and the first spacer grid 40 is therefore reinforced by the fact that it is produced by end pieces 36 of larger diameter than the guide tubes 41, which, as well as on Figure 4, may have a square section.
  • the shell constituting the upper part of the sleeve 37 can be deformed so as to come by expansion in the housings 43 and to block the sleeve in rotation.
  • FIG. 9 an alternative mounting can be seen for the zirconium alloy guide tubes 44 or these are guided and maintained at their upper part by a sleeve 45 fixed to the upper plate of the assembly 47 by the through a socket 48 which also serves to hold and guide the upper part of the tube 44.
  • the sleeve 45 has an upper part 46 whose external surface is of prismatic shape for its engagement in an opening of corresponding shape of the plate 47.
  • the sleeve 45 is also connected by welding to the upper spacer grid 49 and thus achieves the connection between the upper end plate 47 and this spacer grid 49.
  • the tubes 44 are connected at their lower part to the lower end plate of the assembly and are engaged in openings of the different grids of the assembly so that their guidance is ensured, while maintaining possibilities of displacement zirconium tubes with respect to these spacer grids, in the longitudinal direction.
  • FIG. 10 a variant of the guide tubes made of zirconium alloy 50 can be seen, where these have at their upper part a opening 51 in which the lower part of the sleeve 45 fixed on the plate comes into engagement. upper end 47 by means of a socket 48 as described with reference to FIG. 9.
  • This type of mounting of the guide tubes of zirconium alloy allows, for the same inside diameter of the guide tubes, and the same outside diameter of the sleeves 45, to use sleeves having a greater thickness, since their inside diameter can be made weaker, since it is no longer used for the passage of guide tubes.
  • FIG. 11 there is shown a fuel assembly according to a second embodiment of the invention.
  • the spacer grids 65, 66, 67 are made of zirconium alloy (Zircaloy).
  • the guide tubes are also of the same alloy.
  • the connection of the guide tube 68 to the upper end piece 15 takes place in a similar manner to that shown in FIG. 7, that is to say by using a hollow bush 74 screwing into a corresponding tapped part practiced inside. of the guide tube.
  • connection of the guide tubes 68 to the end piece can be done according to all the embodiments shown in Figures 7, 8, 9,10 provided that we take the precaution to use materials allowing to carry out the necessary welded connections.
  • the free-mounted guide tubes 69 are also made of Zircaloy and are introduced into a blind bore 70 of the lower end plate 20 and into a bore 71 of the upper plate.
  • This bore 71 has at its upper end a circular projection 73 intended to immobilize the guide tube.
  • FIG. 12 shows an embodiment of the connection between the grid 65 and the end piece 15 according to which, in this part, the guide tube 68 is reinforced and has an outer section greater than its normal section, on a height between its upper end and the lower level of the extreme grid 65.
  • This section may be circular or square, in a manner identical to that which has been shown in FIG. 5.
  • the guide tubes have the same reinforcements in their lower part, between the end grid and the lower end piece.
  • the device according to the invention makes it possible to simplify the structure and manufacture of the assembly, to reduce the longitudinal deformation of the latter under irradiation, in particular in the embodiment according to which the spacer grids are made of stainless steel and to obtain a very resistant structure, despite the use of a small mass of material with high neutron capture.
  • the fact of having only a reduced number of connections between the guide tubes and the grids makes it possible to improve the thermohydraulic conditions since the cells adjacent to the rods mounted freely in the grid are very well irrigated.
  • the fuel assembly according to the invention can be used in all nuclear reactors where the fuel is in the form of long bars forming bundles of parallel bars connected together by spacer grids and end plates.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Monitoring And Testing Of Nuclear Reactors (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
EP82401781A 1981-10-05 1982-09-30 Assemblage combustible pour un réacteur nucléaire Expired EP0076748B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8118670 1981-10-05
FR8118670A FR2514188B1 (fr) 1981-10-05 1981-10-05 Assemblage combustible pour un reacteur nucleaire

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0076748A1 EP0076748A1 (fr) 1983-04-13
EP0076748B1 true EP0076748B1 (fr) 1985-02-20

Family

ID=9262724

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82401781A Expired EP0076748B1 (fr) 1981-10-05 1982-09-30 Assemblage combustible pour un réacteur nucléaire

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US4522782A (cs)
EP (1) EP0076748B1 (cs)
JP (1) JPS5872097A (cs)
KR (1) KR910001635B1 (cs)
DE (1) DE3262441D1 (cs)
ES (1) ES8404092A1 (cs)
FR (1) FR2514188B1 (cs)
YU (1) YU217882A (cs)
ZA (1) ZA826793B (cs)

Families Citing this family (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2574579B1 (fr) * 1984-12-06 1987-02-13 Fragema Framatome & Cogema Assemblage de combustible pour reacteur nucleaire
US4699758A (en) * 1985-04-02 1987-10-13 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Reusable locking tube in a reconstitutable fuel assembly
FR2589614B1 (fr) * 1985-08-09 1988-01-08 Fragema Framatome & Cogema Assemblage combustible nucleaire a structure de maintien et dispositif anti-envol
US4820475A (en) * 1985-09-12 1989-04-11 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Burnable absorber rod push out attachment joint
US4699760A (en) * 1985-11-12 1987-10-13 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Fuel assembly skeleton with structural and non-structural top nozzle/guide thimble joints
FR2620557B1 (fr) * 1987-09-11 1990-01-12 Framatome Sa Assemblage combustible nucleaire a fractionnement de debit
FR2670944B1 (fr) * 1990-12-21 1994-04-08 Framatome Squelette d'assemblage combustible nucleaire.
ES2076624T3 (es) * 1992-07-14 1995-11-01 Siemens Ag Elemento de combustion con atornillamiento racional de la placa de cubierta en tubos o barras.
JP3414435B2 (ja) * 1993-04-20 2003-06-09 三菱原子燃料株式会社 燃料集合体の上部ノズルの取付方法
FR2759483B1 (fr) * 1997-02-12 1999-04-30 Zircotube Procede de fabrication d'un tube-guide d'un assemblage de combustible d'un reacteur nucleaire, mandrin de formage d'un tube-guide et tube-guide obtenu
US6522710B2 (en) * 2001-07-03 2003-02-18 Westinghouse Electric Company Llc Fastened spacer for grid of a nuclear reactor with associated method
US20050238131A1 (en) * 2004-04-21 2005-10-27 Hellandbrand Patrick A Jr Grid insert for the lowermost grid in a fuel assembly
FR2878461B1 (fr) * 2004-11-30 2007-02-09 Franco Belge Combustibles Installation de soudage de squelettes d'assemblages de combustible nucleaire, procede de programmation, procedes de soudage de squelette et de realisation d'assemblage correspondants.
US10124472B2 (en) * 2012-04-16 2018-11-13 Bwxt Mpower, Inc. Lower end fitting locknut for nuclear fuel assembly

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DE1294574B (de) * 1965-12-03 1969-05-08 Westinghouse Electric Corp Auswechselbares Kernreaktor-Brennelement, bestehend aus mehreren Brennstaeben
US3719560A (en) * 1969-04-29 1973-03-06 Westinghouse Electric Corp Fuel assembly for a nuclear reactor using zirconium alloy clad fuel rods
US3791466A (en) * 1969-05-19 1974-02-12 Westinghouse Electric Corp Low parasitic capture fuel assembly structure
US3954560A (en) * 1970-05-06 1976-05-04 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Nuclear fuel assembly
US3801453A (en) * 1972-02-11 1974-04-02 Transfer Systems Fuel assembly for power generating nuclear reactor
SE365333B (cs) * 1972-06-22 1974-03-18 Asea Atom Ab
US3992259A (en) * 1973-06-25 1976-11-16 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Fuel assembly for a nuclear reactor
US4030975A (en) * 1973-06-25 1977-06-21 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Fuel assembly for a nuclear reactor
DE2413464C3 (de) * 1974-03-20 1980-06-12 Kraftwerk Union Ag, 4330 Muelheim Kernreaktorbrennelement
US3971575A (en) * 1974-11-29 1976-07-27 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Releasable locking device
US4078967A (en) * 1976-07-26 1978-03-14 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Holddown device for nuclear fuel assembly
FR2368785A1 (fr) * 1976-10-20 1978-05-19 Framatome Sa Assemblage combustible aisement demontable pour reacteur nucleaire
FR2390804A1 (fr) * 1977-05-13 1978-12-08 Commissariat Energie Atomique Assemblage de combustible nucleaire
FR2426310A1 (fr) * 1978-05-19 1979-12-14 Framatome Sa Assemblage combustible aisement demontable pour reacteur nucleaire
US4284475A (en) * 1979-01-26 1981-08-18 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Wear sleeve for control rod guide tube
US4323428A (en) * 1979-11-07 1982-04-06 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Reconstitutable fuel assembly for a nuclear reactor
US4376092A (en) * 1979-12-10 1983-03-08 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Nuclear fuel assembly wear sleeve
FR2493024B1 (fr) * 1980-10-29 1986-08-29 Franco Belge Combustibles Dispositif de liaison demontable pour la realisation des assemblages combustibles des reacteurs nucleaires a eau legere

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2514188B1 (fr) 1985-08-16
ES516185A0 (es) 1984-04-01
YU217882A (en) 1990-04-30
KR840002142A (ko) 1984-06-11
JPS5872097A (ja) 1983-04-28
ES8404092A1 (es) 1984-04-01
EP0076748A1 (fr) 1983-04-13
JPH0221759B2 (cs) 1990-05-16
US4522782A (en) 1985-06-11
KR910001635B1 (ko) 1991-03-16
DE3262441D1 (en) 1985-03-28
ZA826793B (en) 1983-07-27
FR2514188A1 (fr) 1983-04-08

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