EP0076077A2 - Echangeurs de chaleur - Google Patents

Echangeurs de chaleur Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0076077A2
EP0076077A2 EP82304954A EP82304954A EP0076077A2 EP 0076077 A2 EP0076077 A2 EP 0076077A2 EP 82304954 A EP82304954 A EP 82304954A EP 82304954 A EP82304954 A EP 82304954A EP 0076077 A2 EP0076077 A2 EP 0076077A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat
fluid
heat sink
sink
duct
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP82304954A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0076077A3 (fr
Inventor
Alexander Douglas Bewley
Roger William Gent
Michael James Graveney
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
UK Secretary of State for Defence
Original Assignee
UK Secretary of State for Defence
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by UK Secretary of State for Defence filed Critical UK Secretary of State for Defence
Publication of EP0076077A2 publication Critical patent/EP0076077A2/fr
Publication of EP0076077A3 publication Critical patent/EP0076077A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F28D15/0241—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes the tubes being flexible
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D13/00—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches
    • A41D13/002—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches with controlled internal environment
    • A41D13/005—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches with controlled internal environment with controlled temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B21/00—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
    • F25B21/02—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects using Peltier effect; using Nernst-Ettinghausen effect

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to heat exchangers, and is particularly concerned with a lightweight heat exchanger for cooling a fluid medium employed in conditioning clothing apparatus.
  • Liquid conditioning clothing in which a cooled liquid is passed through a labyrinth of flexible tubing in a garment to cool a person, is described in UK Patent Specification 992929 and 1115414. More recently the application of conformable heat piping to conditioning clothing has been the subject of co-pending UK patent applications 8205747, and 8129022-8
  • the clothing which may be in vest or combination form, can be of particular value to the crew of military aircraft and other vehicles and to industrial personnel in hot environments.
  • Heat exchangers for such a garment are described in UK Patent Specifications 1376604 and 1550351, the latter employing a heat pump principle in order to effect cooling but also integrally incorporating a heating facility, and the former being a rechargable device not using external power but with a limited period of use.
  • the present invention provides a powered heat sink suitable for use with a liquid conditioning garment.
  • a heat sink for use with a fluid conditioning garment comprises a thermocouple adapted to be connected to a suitable power source, a heat source fluid duct in thermally conductive association with the cold junction of the thermocouple, a heat dump fluid duct in thermally conductive association with the hot junction of the thermocouple, and pump means for causing fluid to pass in the heat dump fluid duct, the heat source fluid duct being adapted for connection to a fluid conditioning garment.
  • the heat sink may incorporate a fluid pump, perhaps in tandem with the heat dump pump means, for pumping fluid through the fluid duct.
  • thermocouple relies on the Peltier or thermoelectric effect produced in a thermocouple, that is the production of cold and hot junctions when an electric current is passed through a non-homogeneous conductor, ie one in which there are junctions between dissimilar materials, in series. It has been found by the present inventor that a plurality of thermocouple modules, that is modules having an array of junctions and disposed so that the module has a hot face and a cold face, can be arranged in a device according to the present invention to give about 150 watts of cooling when air passed over the hot junction face is as hot as 40 0 C.
  • This amount of cooling is sufficient to reduce the temperature of the liquid used in one liquid conditioned garment of the type described in UK Patent Specifications 992929 and 1115414, from 28°C to 25 0 C, and that this amount of cooling in these air temperature conditions renders acceptable such a working environment.
  • the heat dump fluid is a gas, eg air, and the heat dump pump a fan.
  • the heat dump pump a fan.
  • it is a liquid arranged to dump heat in say an aircraft fuel tank.
  • the weight and bulk of the heat sink are a minimum, and it is a feature of the present invention that the said 150 watts of cooling can be obtained in a heat sink measuring no more than about 50 x 100 x 200 mm and weighing no more than about 1.5 kg, if the heat source fluid duct is an elongate heat exchanger surrounded on both elongate sides by an array of thermocouple modules, on the outer elongate sides of which are located the heat dump fluid ducts, and if, in the case of the heat dump fluid being air, the air fan is a tangential fan extending substantially the length of the heat source fluid duct.
  • Both the heat source and dump heat exchangers so formed preferably include corrugations formed of highly thermally conductive metal to maximise the heat transfer produced in a given volume. Similarly.heat transfer between the hot and cold faces of the thermocouples at the heat exchangers is maximised.
  • thermocouples are sandwiched between ceramic plates of high thermal conductivity and low electrical conductivity, such as berillium oxide, and a thermally conducting link between the plates and the heat exchangers may be effected if low melting point solder is used as the medium giving structural integrity to the device.
  • Thermocouple heat sinks in accordance with the invention may be employed in hybrid heat sink apparatus to take advantage of other available cooling and to save power.
  • the cabin air supply has been found to be capable of supplying cooling in many cases during flight without the need for a power input to an intermediate device such as the thermocouple heat sink.
  • a hybrid heat sink according to a feature of the invention may be a thermoelectric heat sink, a cabin air inlet heat exchanger, a pump and control means, the heat dump to a thermoelectric heat sink comprising a liquid heat exchange means, and the control means being arranged to permit working fluid to bypass the cabin air inlet heat exchanger.
  • the heat sink is to be employed with a heat pipe, particularly a sheet heat pipe in conformable, garment form of the type described, for example, in copending UK Patent applications 8205747, 8129022, 8129024, 8129025, 8129026, the heat source
  • the fluid duct may be arranged as a condenser, and have a condensate collector with an associated outlet for connection, via a pump, to the heat pipe.
  • the heat source fluid duct may also include an outlet for a vacuum pump.
  • thermoelectric heat sink comprises an elongate heat source liquid heat exchanger duct 10, two arrays of thermocouple modules 11, 11a, two banks of heat dump heat exchanger ducts 12, 12a, a tangential air fan 13, a liquid pump 14, a motor 15, and a housing 16.
  • the heat source duct 10 lies at the heart of a heat exchanger portion of the heat sink and the cold faces of the thermocouple module arrays 11, 11a are attached one array on either elongate side of the duct 10. To the outer, hot, faces of the module arrays 11, 11a are attached the banks of air ducts 12, 12a.
  • the elements 10, 11, 11a, 12, 12a form the heat exchanger portion of the heat sink which is mounted at a mouth of the housing 16.
  • the air ducts 12, 12a debouche onto the fan 13, from which therr is an exit in the housing 16.
  • the fan 13 and the pump 14, which is a centrifugal pump connected to pump liquid through the liquid duct 10, are drivably connected in line to the motor 15.
  • the liquid duct 10 contains metal corrugation 17 of the serrated plate fin type, and the air ducts 12, 12a metal corrugation 18 of the plain fin type.
  • the heat sink is illustrated as connected to a liquid conditioned suit (LCS) 20 of the type described in UK Patent Specification 1115414. It comprises a labyrinthe of flexible tubing 21 attached to a net fabric 22 in garment form, there being inlet manifolds 23 and outlet manifolds 24. As shewn in figure 1 the outlet manifold 24 of the suit is connected to the pump 14 of the heat sink, and the inlet manifold 23 of the suit is connected to the liquid ducts 10 of the heat sink.
  • LCD liquid conditioned suit
  • liquid coolant received at the pump 14 is urged through the liquid duct 10 and on to and through the garment 20 and back to the pump.
  • DC electrical power supplied to the thermocouple array, 11, 11a sets up cold faces adjacent the liquid duct 10 and hot faces adjacent the air ducts 12, 12a, and air drawn through the ducts 12, 12a by the fan 13 cools the hot faces while the cold faces cool the liquid in the duct 10.
  • a heat sink measuring 50 x 100 x 200 mm and weighing 1.5 kg and having 12 thermocouple modules of the type M1063 supplied by Marlow Industries Ltd, UK, is capable of cooling LCS liquid from 28 C to 25°C given an environmental air temperature of 40°C.
  • the liquid customarily employed is a water based solution known as Methanol B.
  • thermoelectric heat sink 30 is coupled to a cabin air inlet heat exchanger 31 together with a control valve 32 and a heat exchanger input pump 33 and heat exchanger 34. Via a coupling 35 the hybrid heat sink is connected to a LCG 36.
  • the heat sink 30 incorporates the working fluid pump (not shown), and its output is connected to the coupling 35. It is substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figures 1 and 2 except that in place of the air heat exchangers 12, 12a and fan 13 the heat dump comprises liquid heat exchangers (not shown) and a liquid pump (not shown).
  • the heat dump circuit heat exchanger is located in a bay accessible to shaded ambient air.
  • the cabin air inlet heat exchanger 31 comprises a coiled finned tube interposed in the path of incoming cabin air.
  • the control valve 32 is connected to the coupling 35 return and outputs thereof to both the cabin air inlet heat exchanger 31 inlet and the inlet to the thermoelectric heat sink 30.
  • the outlet of the heat exchanger 31 is also connected to the inlet of the sink 30.
  • the valve 32 is operable to pass working fluid through the two heat exchangers in series, or to bypass the cabin air inlet heat exchanger.
  • thermocouples in the thermoelectric heat exchanger 30 In operation of the hybrid heat sink in flight conditions etc when the cabin air inlet has cooling available, the electrical input to the thermocouples in the thermoelectric heat exchanger 30 is switched off, and the sink 31 is relied on to cool working fluid for the LCG 36. In hot situations during for example standby on the ground the heat exchanger 31 can be bypassed, the power to the thermocouples in the heat sink 30 switched on, and the latter relied upon to cool the working fluid.
  • a heat sink 40 is associated with a heat source 41 which is in conformable sheet heat pipe garment form of the type described in co-pending UK Patent application 8205747; that is to say that the garment 41 comprises a flexible reticulated structure 42 including a wicking element 43, and an impermeable flexible envelope 44 containing the structure, there being vapour flow channels within the envelope and substantially co-extensive with the wicking element.
  • Concentric vapour and liquid conduits 45, 46 respectively lead from the garment 41 via a connector 47 to the heat sink 40.
  • a liquid return pump 48 in the liquid conduit 46, and within the garment 41 the liquid conduit is connected to a diffuser 49 as described in co-pending UK Patent application 8129024, the diffuser comprising a perforated tube associated with the wicking element 43.
  • the heat sink 40 comprises a bank 50 of thermoelectric elements the cold faces of which are bonded to a condenser 51, and the hot faces of which are bonded to an air heat exchanger 52.
  • the air heat exchanger has an associated fan 53 and comprises a labyrinthe of metal sheet.
  • the condenser 51 has an outlet 54 for association with an evacuator, and the thermoelectric cell bank 50 is associated with a supply of electricity.
  • vapour from the conduit 45 condenses adjacent the cold faces of the bank 50 and is collected in the condenser, while the hot face of the bank 50 is being cooled by air drawn through the heat exchanger 52 by the fan 53.
  • the liquid collected in the condenser is returned by the pump to the garment 40.
  • the liquid includes freon, so that the vacuum required is less.
  • a further bank of thermoelectric elements is bonded to the lower faces of the condenser, with a further air heat exchanger bonded to the hot face thereof, the fan 53 being constructed to draw air through both heat exchangers.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Professional, Industrial, Or Sporting Protective Garments (AREA)
  • Central Heating Systems (AREA)
EP82304954A 1981-09-25 1982-09-21 Echangeurs de chaleur Withdrawn EP0076077A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8129052 1981-09-25
GB8129052 1981-09-25

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0076077A2 true EP0076077A2 (fr) 1983-04-06
EP0076077A3 EP0076077A3 (fr) 1983-08-10

Family

ID=10524741

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82304954A Withdrawn EP0076077A3 (fr) 1981-09-25 1982-09-21 Echangeurs de chaleur

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0076077A3 (fr)
GB (1) GB2106318A (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2348640A (en) * 1999-09-10 2000-10-11 Morgan Crucible Co Saline soluble fibres
EP1080648A2 (fr) * 1999-09-06 2001-03-07 Fisher & Paykel Limited Système de réfrigération personnel
US20110061839A1 (en) * 2009-09-17 2011-03-17 Munson Ryan R Portable Heating Pad
US8397517B2 (en) * 2005-12-30 2013-03-19 Paul Christopher Monk Heating/cooling system for a motorcycle rider
CN106666862A (zh) * 2017-01-19 2017-05-17 重庆屹东智能科技有限公司 一种便携式防护服

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB8706141D0 (en) * 1987-03-16 1987-04-23 Thorner D Treatment of damaged limb
CA2015621C (fr) * 1990-04-27 2000-04-11 Paul A. Browne Vetement presentant des proprietes d'echange thermique
CA2432860A1 (fr) * 2003-06-16 2004-12-16 Dupont Canada Inc. Systeme electronique personnel reparti de gestion de la chaleur

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1053537B (de) * 1958-02-28 1959-03-26 Siemens Reiniger Werke Ag Kuehlkissen
US3085405A (en) * 1961-04-06 1963-04-16 Westinghouse Electric Corp Thermoelectric air conditioning apparatus for a protective garment
US3088288A (en) * 1960-12-21 1963-05-07 Thore M Elfving Thermoelectric refrigeration system
US3212275A (en) * 1964-08-20 1965-10-19 American Radiator & Standard Thermoelectric heat pump
GB1115414A (en) * 1965-10-28 1968-05-29 Mini Of Technology Improvements in garments for controlling the temperature of the body
USRE26698E (en) * 1963-12-20 1969-10-28 Mole etal- thermoelectric apparatus
GB1222310A (en) * 1969-05-14 1971-02-10 Trw Inc Multi-chamber controllable heat pipe
FR2316557A1 (fr) * 1975-07-02 1977-01-28 Air Ind Perfectionnements apportes aux installations thermoelectriques et a leur procede de fabrication
GB1493345A (en) * 1974-11-05 1977-11-30 Secr Defence Inhospitable environment protective apparatus
FR2435678A1 (fr) * 1978-09-06 1980-04-04 Grandi Rene Appareil refrigerant portatif a fonctions multiples

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1053537B (de) * 1958-02-28 1959-03-26 Siemens Reiniger Werke Ag Kuehlkissen
US3088288A (en) * 1960-12-21 1963-05-07 Thore M Elfving Thermoelectric refrigeration system
US3085405A (en) * 1961-04-06 1963-04-16 Westinghouse Electric Corp Thermoelectric air conditioning apparatus for a protective garment
USRE26698E (en) * 1963-12-20 1969-10-28 Mole etal- thermoelectric apparatus
US3212275A (en) * 1964-08-20 1965-10-19 American Radiator & Standard Thermoelectric heat pump
GB1115414A (en) * 1965-10-28 1968-05-29 Mini Of Technology Improvements in garments for controlling the temperature of the body
GB1222310A (en) * 1969-05-14 1971-02-10 Trw Inc Multi-chamber controllable heat pipe
GB1493345A (en) * 1974-11-05 1977-11-30 Secr Defence Inhospitable environment protective apparatus
FR2316557A1 (fr) * 1975-07-02 1977-01-28 Air Ind Perfectionnements apportes aux installations thermoelectriques et a leur procede de fabrication
FR2435678A1 (fr) * 1978-09-06 1980-04-04 Grandi Rene Appareil refrigerant portatif a fonctions multiples

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1080648A2 (fr) * 1999-09-06 2001-03-07 Fisher & Paykel Limited Système de réfrigération personnel
EP1080648A3 (fr) * 1999-09-06 2003-08-13 Fisher & Paykel Limited Système de réfrigération personnel
GB2348640A (en) * 1999-09-10 2000-10-11 Morgan Crucible Co Saline soluble fibres
GB2348640B (en) * 1999-09-10 2001-02-21 Morgan Crucible Co High temperature resistant saline soluble fibres
US8397517B2 (en) * 2005-12-30 2013-03-19 Paul Christopher Monk Heating/cooling system for a motorcycle rider
US20110061839A1 (en) * 2009-09-17 2011-03-17 Munson Ryan R Portable Heating Pad
US8528833B2 (en) * 2009-09-17 2013-09-10 Ryan R. Munson Portable heating pad
CN106666862A (zh) * 2017-01-19 2017-05-17 重庆屹东智能科技有限公司 一种便携式防护服
CN106666862B (zh) * 2017-01-19 2019-03-26 重庆屹东智能科技有限公司 一种便携式防护服

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0076077A3 (fr) 1983-08-10
GB2106318A (en) 1983-04-07

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US5145001A (en) High heat flux compact heat exchanger having a permeable heat transfer element
US5300197A (en) Distillation apparatus with porous membrane and heat pump
US6557354B1 (en) Thermoelectric-enhanced heat exchanger
EP2238400B1 (fr) Caloducs intégrant des échangeurs thermiques à microcanaux
US4602679A (en) Capillary-pumped heat transfer panel and system
US4125122A (en) Direct energy conversion device
US20130213449A1 (en) Thermoelectric plate and frame exchanger
EP2313937B1 (fr) Modules thermoélectriques empilés
US4011104A (en) Thermoelectric system
Zilio et al. Active and passive cooling technologies for thermal management of avionics in helicopters: Loop heat pipes and mini-Vapor Cycle System
EP1261065A2 (fr) Gestion thermique par couverture et enveloppement de systèmes de batteries modulaires
Rosman et al. Performance of one-and two-row tube and plate fin heat exchangers
US5029638A (en) High heat flux compact heat exchanger having a permeable heat transfer element
EP0076077A2 (fr) Echangeurs de chaleur
US20180058295A1 (en) Thermoelectric heat energy recovery module
US5680768A (en) Concentric pulse tube expander with vacuum insulator
JPH11173701A (ja) 温度調節装置
US10876456B2 (en) Thermoelectric heat energy recovery module generator for application in a Stirling-electric hybrid automobile
US11147191B2 (en) Liquid cooling with outdoor chiller rack system
CN210809382U (zh) 一种新型空调衣
JP2006211780A (ja) 熱電発電装置
JP2004122857A (ja) 航空機搭載電子機器筐体及び航空機搭載電子機器温度調節装置
EP2287933B1 (fr) Pompe à chaleur pour environnements haute température
CN112770596B (zh) 一种应用于双电机控制器的集成热管散热水道结构
US20080271462A1 (en) Thermal electric hvac module

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): DE FR SE

PUAL Search report despatched

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): DE FR SE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19840111

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN

18D Application deemed to be withdrawn

Effective date: 19840918

RIN1 Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected)

Inventor name: BEWLEY, ALEXANDER DOUGLAS

Inventor name: GENT, ROGER WILLIAM

Inventor name: GRAVENEY, MICHAEL JAMES