EP0075073B1 - Method and apparatus for the wet treatment of textile materials - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a method (corresponding to the preamble of claim 1) for washing textile goods and an apparatus for performing this method.

In a known method for rinsing textile goods (GB-A-237 422), the textile goods run in the form of an endless strand in the container during the rinsing process, the liquor outlet (in the lower region of the container) being open. Rinse liquor (fresh water) is sprayed onto both the strand of the textile goods rising from the lower container area and the - after passing through a pair of squeeze rollers - the strand of the textile goods running from top to bottom into the dwell zone. This method has the disadvantage of a large amount of washing liquor required.

A rinsing process is also known (EP-A-16350), in which a float-free dwell zone is also used, but the rinse liquor (fresh water) is applied to the textile material at most in an amount which it can carry when entering the dwell zone. Such a method is characterized by a substantial reduction in the amount of rinsing liquor required and thus in particular reduces the outlay for wastewater treatment.

Finally, the prior art includes a wet treatment device (US-A-3 599 447) which contains a dwelling zone in the lower part of a wet treatment container, over which a deflection zone with a driven transport roller is provided in the upper part of the container. An overflow or jet system is located between the deflection zone and the dwell zone, which supplies the textile material with liquor and forms a conveying connection between the deflection zone and the dwell zone during the wet treatment (for example a dyeing treatment).

The invention has for its object to develop a rinsing method of the type required in the preamble of claim 1 such that an optimum is achieved in terms of the time required for the rinsing process and in terms of the amount of washing liquor required.

This object is achieved by the characterizing features of claim 1.

In contrast to the prior art known from GB-A-237 422, in the rinsing process according to the invention there is no addition of rinsing liquor to the descending (i.e. running towards the dwelling zone) strand of the textile material. The part of the washing liquor supplied to the descending (leading to the dwelling zone) turns out to be considerably less effective (for the washing effect) than the part of the washing liquor which is fed to the ascending (leaving the dwelling zone) strand. This depends u. a. together with the fact that the dwell zone is kept free of liquor, so that washing liquor which is fed to the descending run of the textile material can only act on the textile material for a relatively short period of time. The exclusive addition of washing liquor to the ascending strand of the textile material results in a substantial reduction in the amount of washing liquor required compared to the process according to GB-A-237 422.

In contrast to the method according to EP-A-16350, in the method according to the invention, slightly more washing liquor is added to the ascending run of the textile material than the textile material can take with it during its upward movement. As a result, the excess part of the washing liquor runs downwards on the ascending strand of the textile goods, thus executing a countercurrent movement to the textile goods. As a result, the rinsing process is considerably intensified and the rinsing time is shortened considerably with a comparatively small additional amount of liquor.

Appropriate embodiments of the method according to the invention and the device used to carry out the method are the subject of the dependent claims and are explained in more detail in connection with the description of some exemplary embodiments illustrated in the drawing.

• Fig. 1 eine schematische Querschnittsansicht durch eine erste Ausführungsform des Naßbehandlungsbehälters,
• Fig. 2 eine Ausführungsart der Düseneinrichtung zum Aufbringen von Spülflotte,
• Fig. 3 eine Teil-Querschnittsansicht (ähnlich Fig. 1) zur Erläuterung einer zusätzlichen Luftaufblasung im Bereich der Düseneinrichtung,
• Fig. 4 eine Schemadarstellung zur Erläuterung der Aufheizung der frischen Spülflotte,
• Fig. 5 eine ganz schematisch gehaltene Querschnittsansicht durch ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel des Naßbehandlungsbehälters,
• Fig. 6 eine vereinfachte schematische Längsschnittansicht durch eine Naßbehandlungsbehälter-Ausführungsform mit mehreren Kammern für eine kontinuierliche Behandlung des Textilgutes,
• Fig. eine schematische Querschnittsansicht durch eine weitere Ausführungsform, die sowohl zum Färben als auch zum Spülen verwendet werden kann.

In the drawing shows

• 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view through a first embodiment of the wet treatment container,
• 2 shows an embodiment of the nozzle device for applying rinsing liquor,
• 3 shows a partial cross-sectional view (similar to FIG. 1) to explain an additional air inflation in the area of the nozzle device,
• 4 shows a diagram to explain the heating of the fresh washing liquor,
• 5 is a very schematic cross-sectional view through a second embodiment of the wet treatment container,
• 6 shows a simplified schematic longitudinal sectional view through a wet treatment container embodiment with several chambers for a continuous treatment of the textile material,
• Fig. A schematic cross-sectional view through a further embodiment, which can be used both for dyeing and for rinsing.

Of the device for carrying out the rinsing process, only the wet treatment container 1 is shown in FIG. 1 with the equipment parts necessary to explain the invention.

The container 1 contains, for example, four deflection and transport rollers 2 to 5 in its upper part, which are arranged parallel and at a distance one behind the other in the usual way and are at least partially wrapped around by the textile material 6 to be treated, as shown. at least some of these rollers 2 to 5 can be driven in a conventional manner by an external drive, so that the textile material 6 can be conveyed through the container 1 in the direction of the arrows 7.

The container 1 also has, in its lower half, a dwell zone 8 free of washing liquor for the textile material 6. In the example in FIG. 1, the dwell zone 8 is formed in that the container 1 approximately in its lower half in the form of a store for the textile material 6 is formed with bottom 1a curved downward. The dwell zone 8 has a textile material inlet end 8a in the area below the last deflection and transport roller 5 and a textile material outlet end 8b which is located at a sufficient distance below the first transport roller 2, viewed in the textile material conveying direction (arrow 7). In the area between this textile material outlet end 8b of the dwell zone 8 and this first deflection and transport roller 2 there is a zone in which a nozzle device 9 for spraying washing liquor onto the textile material 6 is arranged. As can be seen from the conveying direction (arrow 7) for the textile material 6, the rinsing liquor is applied to the ascending run 6a of the textile material, and only in this section, by this nozzle device 9. By means of generally known control devices, which are not illustrated in any more detail here, the amount of the washing liquor is dimensioned such that it exceeds the amount of liquor which can be carried by the textile material 6 during its upward movement (arrow 7).

The nozzle device 9 contains on both sides of the textile material 6 or 6a spray nozzles 10, 10a, which can be adapted according to the textile material to be treated, i.e. H. if strand-like textile material is treated, then in particular a ring nozzle which is wholly or at least largely encompassing the textile material is appropriate, while a correspondingly wide spray nozzle can be arranged on each textile material side when the textile material is spread out.

Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of the spray nozzles 10, 10a, between which the textile material 6 is passed in the spread state. Each of these spray nozzles is formed by a nozzle body which corresponds in length to the greatest possible width of the textile material and is arranged transversely to the textile material. Each nozzle body can either have a single nozzle slot extending over the entire working width (as known per se) or a number of individual nozzle openings 11 - as in the case of FIG. 2 - from which the washing liquor with relatively great pressure on the corresponding side of the textile material 6 is sprayed on.

If it is further assumed that spread textile material 6 is to be rinsed in the wet treatment container 1, then it is particularly expedient if - as illustrated in FIG. 3 - an air inflator is provided in front of and / or behind the nozzle device 9. In the case of FIG. 3, an air inflation nozzle set 12, 13 is arranged on both sides of the textile material 2 both in front of and behind the nozzle device 9 (in each case viewed in the textile material conveying direction - arrow 7). The task of these air inflation nozzle sets 12, 13 is primarily to keep the textile material 6 wide; however, the rinsing effect of the rinsing liquor can also be supported in this way.

In the wet treatment container 1, a transport device 14 supporting the textile material 6 is also provided in the area of the dwell zone 8, which has a sufficient distance from the downwardly curved floor 1 and to the end 8b of the dwell zone 8, that is to say in the area below the nozzle device 9 enough. In the example of FIG. 1, the aforementioned transport device in the dwell zone 8 is formed by a grate 14. This grate 14 is preferably made impermeable to the washing liquor in the region of the outlet end 8b of the dwell zone 8 (impermeable grate section 14a). The remaining grate section, on the other hand, is liquid-permeable and can be designed, for example, in the form of a conventional sliding grate. For the formation of the grate 14, there is also the possibility of at least partially executing it in the form of a roller grate (as indicated by dashed lines in the lower section at 14b).

• Es sei zunächst angenommen, daß der Naßbehandlungsbehälter 1 gemäß Fig. 1 eine einzige Kammer, nämlich die im Querschnitt veranschaulichte Kammer 15, besitzt, in der das Textilgut 6 diskontinuierlich in endlosem Umlauf gespült wird. Das in Richtung des Pfeiles 7 durch den Behälter 1 geförderte Textilgut 6 gelangt mit seinem aufsteigenden Trum 6a aus der von Spülflotte freien Verweilzone 8 in eine Zone, in der mit Hilfe der Düseneinrichtung 9 Spülflotte auf beiden Seiten auf das Textilgut 6 unter Druck aufgespritzt wird. Die Spülflotte wird dabei ausschließlich auf dieses aufsteigende Trum 6a des Textilgutes 6 sowie in einer Menge aufgebracht, die die vom Textilgut 6 bei seiner Aufwärtsbewegung mitnehmbare Flottenmenge übersteigt. Dies bedeutet, der die mitnehmbare Flottenmenge übersteigende Anteil der Spülflotte fließt im Gegenstrom zum aufsteigenden Textilguttrum nach unten und nimmt dabei den bereits gelösten Schmutz mit. Durch das Vorhandensein des undurchlässigen Rostabschnittes 14a gleitet der nach unten fließende Flottenmengenanteil auf diesem Rostabschnitt 14a nach unten, und zwar in steter Berührung mit dem sich hier abstützenden Abschnitt des Textilgutes 6, so daß hier ein weiterer Stoffaustausch stattfinden kann, der das Spülen des Textilgutes 6 begünstigt.

In the device described so far, textile material 6 can be wet treated with rinsing liquor using the following method:

• It is initially assumed that the wet treatment container 1 according to FIG. 1 has a single chamber, namely the chamber 15 illustrated in cross section, in which the textile material 6 is rinsed discontinuously in endless circulation. The textile material 6 conveyed in the direction of arrow 7 by the container 1, with its ascending run 6a, arrives from the dwell zone 8 free of washing liquor into a zone in which washing liquid is sprayed onto the textile material 6 under pressure with the aid of the nozzle device 9. The rinsing liquor is applied exclusively to this ascending strand 6a of the textile material 6 and in an amount which exceeds the quantity of liquor which can be carried by the textile material 6 during its upward movement. This means that the portion of the washing liquor that exceeds the amount of liquor that can be carried flows downwards in countercurrent to the ascending textile material strand and takes with it the loosened dirt. Due to the presence of the impermeable grate section 14a, the downward flowing amount of liquor on this grate section 14a slides downward, in constant contact with the section of the textile material 6 which is supported here, so that a further material exchange can take place here, which rinses the textile material 6 favored.

Depending on the need, the textile material 6 can be rinsed with cold or heated liquor, with water or. Fresh water comes into question.

If cold fresh water is used as the rinsing liquor, then it is sufficient to connect the nozzle device 9 to a corresponding connecting line to connect, whereby only the required pressure has to be observed.

Appropriate heating devices are required for the supply of hot washing liquor, for which devices known per se can be used. A particularly favorable and energy-saving embodiment is illustrated in FIG. 4 in a simple schematic representation, the same wet treatment container 1 as in FIG. 1 with the associated nozzle device 9 being used for the sake of simplicity. The wet treatment container 1 has at least one normally open washing liquor outlet 16 at its lower end (cf. also FIG. 1). The dirty, but still appropriately warm, dirty water or the corresponding washing liquor flows out of this outlet via a line 17 and through an indirect heat exchanger 18. Fresh rinsing liquor (preferably fresh water) is fed from a fresh water line 19 either directly or via an intermediate store 20 and a pump 21 to the heat exchanger 18, in which it is indirectly heated by the dirty rinsing liquor from the container 1, which results in extremely favorable heat recovery. As indicated by dashed lines, the heat exchanger 18 can be followed by a second heat exchanger 22, in which the fresh washing liquor to be added to the nozzle device 9 can possibly be heated to the required final temperature. A pressure measuring and setting device 24, a thermometer 25 and a metering valve 26 of conventional design can also be arranged in the liquor supply line 23 in the area between the second heat exchanger 22 and the nozzle device 9.

5 shows, in a further simplified schematic representation (cross-sectional view), another embodiment of a wet treatment container 1 ', which is approximately rectangular in cross-section, but in any case is designed with an approximately flat bottom 27. A plurality of deflection and transport rollers 28, 29 (only two are shown) can in turn be arranged in the upper part of this container 1 ', which guide the textile material 6' to be treated in the direction of arrow 7 'through the container 1' (at least through its upper part ) promote. In this case, the dwell zone 8 'for the textile material 6' is essentially formed by a transport element 30 which supports the textile material and which extends essentially transversely across the bottom 27 of the container 1 'and is formed, for example, by an endlessly rotating sieve belt, so that it is permeable to the washing liquor. This transport member 30 thus extends through the entire dwell zone 8 'to its end 8a' in the area below the nozzle device 9 ', which is formed in the same manner as described above in FIG. 1, and between this end 8a' and the end first deflection and transport roller 28 is arranged.

A further simplified longitudinal sectional schematic representation of a wet treatment container 31 is shown in FIG. 6. This wet treatment container has a plurality of chambers 34a to 34e which are successively traversed by the textile material 32 in the direction of the arrows 33. Each of these chambers 34a to 34e can be designed in the same manner as was explained above with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5, so that a cross-sectional representation of one of these chambers is unnecessary and also the device parts (including the nozzle devices) present therein Fig. 6 need not be illustrated. In any case, it can clearly be seen from the graphical representation in FIG. 6 that this wet treatment container 31 with its chambers 34a to 34e is particularly well suited for continuous rinsing treatment of the textile material 32, the textile material being fed into the container 31 into the first chamber 34a and is discharged from the container 31 from the last chamber 34e, and intensive rinsing treatment can take place in each of these chambers 34a to 34e.

Another particularly advantageous embodiment is illustrated in FIG. 7 in a greatly simplified manner. In this case, the wet treatment container 41 can have approximately the cross-sectional shape of a circle - as shown - or else an oval. In contrast to the previous exemplary embodiments, this embodiment of the device, in particular the container 41, is designed for an alternating or successive dyeing and rinsing treatment.

In the lower container part 41a, a sliding grate 14 'can be arranged at a short distance above the container bottom in a largely similar manner, as has been described in connection with FIG. 1. In this lower container part 41a, too, a downwardly curved store is formed, which forms a dwell zone 42 for the textile material 6 "and in which this textile material is supported on the sliding grate 14 '. This dwell zone 42 extends between its ends pointing approximately in the container circumferential direction 42a and 42b over most of the lower container part 41a.

A suitable number of deflection and transport rollers for the textile material 6 ″ can in turn be provided in the upper container part 41b. In the example in FIG. 7, two such deflection and transport rollers are provided, namely in the area above the dwell zone end 42b and at a sufficient distance above it slightly smaller in diameter deflecting roller 43 and a transport roller 44 arranged approximately in the middle, upper sector, which has a larger diameter than the deflecting roller 43. It is also important that in the area between the transport roller 44 and the lower container part 41a or the other end zone 42a, an overflow or jet system known per se is provided, which contains a conveying channel 46 for the textile material 6 ″. At the upper end 46a of this conveyor channel 46, ie relatively close below the loading facing it the point of contact between the transport roller 44 and the textile material 6 ", the system 45 has a liquor feed which, for the sake of simplicity, is only indicated by arrows 47. In the region above the upper conveyor channel end 46a, the transport roller 44 is also assigned a squeeze roller 48 which is held in a holder 49 is rotatably mounted, the holder 49 in turn being pivoted on an axis 50 in the direction of the double arrow 51. In this way, the squeeze roller 48 can be pivoted and pressed against the transport roller 44 when necessary, which will be explained in more detail later The nip roller 48 is pivoted away from the transport roller 44 when it is not required.

As has already been stated above, the device in this embodiment (FIG. 7) can be used both for dyeing treatment and for rinsing treatment, which usually takes place in succession for the same textile material 6 ". For this purpose, the textile material Conveying direction of the deflection and transport rollers 43, 44 reversible in such a way that the textile material 6 "is conveyed in the direction of the dashed arrows 7a during the dyeing operation and in the direction of the continuous arrows 7b during the flushing operation.

If one assumes that the wet treatment container 41 is initially set to dyeing operation, then the textile material 6 "is led out in the direction of the arrows 7a from the dwelling zone 42 at the end 42b and thereby reaches the transport roller 44 via the reversing roller 43 the squeeze roller 48 is moved away. From the transport roller 44, the textile material 6 "is conveyed into the conveying channel 46 of the overflow or jet system 45, with the conveying and passing of the textile material 6" through this conveying channel 46 by the supply of liquor ( Arrows 47) is also favorably supported, this system 45 forming a conveying connection from the transport roller to the other end 42a of the dwell zone 42.

If the textile material 6 "is to be rinsed simultaneously in the container 41 after dyeing, the liquor located in the lower container part 41a is first drained through the lower outlet 41a '; this outlet 41a' then remains open during the rinsing operation the direction of conveyance of the textile material of the transport roller 44 is then reversed in accordance with arrow 7b. After this changeover from dyeing and rinsing operation, the textile material 6 "is then pulled out of the dwelling zone 42 at the end 42a and, with its ascending strand, first through the conveying channel 46 of the Overflow or jet system 45 passed through, this rising strand of the textile material 6 ″ then being fed exclusively with washing liquor in the area of this system, specifically at the upper end 46a of the conveying channel 46 in accordance with the arrows 47. At the same time, however, the squeeze roller 48 is opposed during this washing operation pressed the circumference of the transport roller 44 so that rinsing liquor in this area from the text Oil 6 "is squeezed out, and this squeezed washing liquor runs down along the textile 6", whereby the mass transfer and thus the washing of the textile is intensified considerably.

In addition to the exemplary embodiments described above, there are of course further possibilities for modifications and further developments. For example, it is also possible in the embodiment according to FIG. 1 - viewed in the direction of material conveyance (arrow 7) - to assign a squeeze roller 35 to the deflecting roller 2 following the nozzle device 9 in such a way that the squeezed rinsing liquor flows downward, so to speak, in countercurrent to the ascending fabric 6 can; in this case, the squeeze roller 35 could also be assigned to the roller 2 essentially in a fixed manner (not pivotable). Furthermore, the spread textile material can also be kept wide in addition to inflating air or instead of this air inflating with the aid of appropriately directed nozzles or jet streams of the spray nozzles (e.g. 10, 10a), which is readily understandable when looking at FIG. If, on the other hand, the textile goods are not treated in the expanded state, but rather in the form of a strand with washing liquor, then the nozzle sets intended for inflating air can also be designed in such a way that the textile material strand is opened in the region of the application of the washing liquor by the additional air inflation, thereby penetrating the washing liquor in the textile material or in the textile material strand is supported in an extremely advantageous manner.

Finally, two working examples are briefly explained.

Example I

In a device approximately corresponding to FIG. 1, when washing textile goods, depending on the respective fabric quality, the conveyor speeds were between 20 and 40 m / min (in contrast, dyeing is carried out at conveyor speeds between 80 and 120 m / min). Here, rinsing liquid or rinsing liquor was sprayed onto the textile material in a ratio of 1: 5. H. 5 l or 5 kg of water were sprayed onto each 1 kg of goods or textile goods. Good results could be achieved - depending on the quality of the textile goods and possibly speed - with liquor ratios in the range of 1: 3 and 1:10.

Example 11

7, the textile material was first dyed and then - in the same treatment container - rinsed. During the dyeing process, the lower part of the container contained a dye bath in a known manner. The textile goods were conveyed in circulation and first passed over the deflection and transport rollers and from there washed into the conveyor channel of the overflow or jet system; this washing in was carried out with a large amount of dye liquor in order to convey the textile goods at the same time. After dyeing, the dyeing liquor was drained from the container and the conveying direction of the deflection and transport rollers was reversed, with the liquor outlet being open. Furthermore, it was considered expedient to reduce the conveying speed, which was between about 80 and 140 m / min during dyeing, to about 20 to 50 m / min for the rinsing. By reversing the conveying direction for the textile goods, the ascending run of the textile goods was first conveyed through the conveying channel of the overflow or jet system during washing, where a larger amount of washing liquor was fed to the textile goods - at the upper end of the conveying channel was when the textile could take with it on its upward movement. The weight ratio between the textile goods and the wash liquor to be applied was also in the range of about 1: 3 and 1:10 (with a favorable middle range in the ratio 1: 5). The result was a particularly intensive mass transfer in the delivery channel with an exceptionally good flushing performance.

In both working examples it was also observed that the amount of rinsing liquor required can still be considerably reduced if the deflection and transport roller first reached by the rising textile material strand is additionally assigned a squeeze roller.

Claims (7)

1. Method of rinsing textile material in a wet treatment tank (1, 41) in which the textile material (6, 6") subsequently passes at least one time a dwelling zone (8,42) which is free of rinsing fluid and a turning zone provided above the dwelling zone, rinsing fluid being applied to the textile material between the dwelling zone and the turning zone, characterised in that the rinsing fluid is applied exclusively to a rising strand (6a) of the textile material (6, 6") and in a quantity which exceeds the quantity of fluid which the textile material is capable of carrying with it in its movement.

2. Method according to claim 1, characterised in that the rinsing fluid is applied to the rising strand (6a) of textile material (6, 6") from both sides.

3. Method according to claim 1, characterised in that the textile material (6, 6") with rinsing fluid is in hank form or in flat form.

4. Apparatus for carrying out the method according to claim 1, following to a previous dyeing treatment, comprising a wet treatment tank (41) provided with a dwelling zone (42) in the lower part of the wet treatment tank, with a turning zone provided above the dwelling zone and containing a driven feed roller (44), and with an overflow or jet system (45) provided between the turning zone and the dwelling zone, said system supplying rinsing fluid to the textile material (6") and forming a feed connection between the turning zone and the dwelling zone during the dyeing treatment, characterised in that the rotational direction of the feed roller (44) is reversible and in that the overflow or jet system (45) provides a device for applying rinsing fluid to the rising strand of the textile material (6") during the rinsing treatment.

5. Apparatus for carrying out the method according claim 1, the wet treatment tank (1, 41) comprising at least a treatment (15', 34a ... 34e) for the textile material (6, 6"), each chamber being provided with a device for the application of rinsing fluid to the textile material, characterised in that each chamber (15) of the wet treatment tank (1, 41) in its lower part is formed as a bent storeroom which forms the dwelling zone (8, 42) and which contains a grill (14, 14b) supporting the textile material (6, 6") and extending to the downstream end (8b) of the dwelling zone in the region below the rinsing fluid application device (9, 45).

6. Apparatus for carrying out the method according claim 1, the wet treatment tank (1) comprising at least one rinsing fluid outlet (16) which is usually open, characterised in that the rinsing fluid application device (9) is connected with a supply line systems (19, 23) for fresh rinsing fluid, said system comprising a fluid pump (21), valve fittings (24, 25, 26) and at least one heat exchanger (18) which also is connected to the rinsing fluid outlet (16) for indirectly heating the rinsing fluid.

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