EP0071752B1 - Fire alarm system - Google Patents

Fire alarm system Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0071752B1
EP0071752B1 EP19820105866 EP82105866A EP0071752B1 EP 0071752 B1 EP0071752 B1 EP 0071752B1 EP 19820105866 EP19820105866 EP 19820105866 EP 82105866 A EP82105866 A EP 82105866A EP 0071752 B1 EP0071752 B1 EP 0071752B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
circuit
fire
output
detector
fire detector
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19820105866
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0071752A1 (en
Inventor
Hideo C/O Nohmi Bosai Kogyo Co. Ltd. Itoh
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nohmi Bosai Ltd
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Nohmi Bosai Kogyo Co Ltd
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Publication of EP0071752A1 publication Critical patent/EP0071752A1/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B25/00—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems
    • G08B25/01—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems characterised by the transmission medium
    • G08B25/04—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems characterised by the transmission medium using a single signalling line, e.g. in a closed loop

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fire alarm system having a plurality of fire detectors connected in parallel across a pair of lines wherein the fire deter .or, actuated by fire, includes means for sending an alarm signal and an identification signal to a central control panel which including circuits in response to the signal gives both a fire alarm and an identification of the actuated fire detector.
  • a plurality of fire detectors are connected in parallel across a pair of lines for every area, and the lines are shortcircuited when a physical phenomenon such as heat or smoke caused by fire has reached a predetermined value to transmit fire signals to the control panel at a central location. Therefore, the area where fire has broken out could be indicated only roughly by the control panel. In other words, it is not possible to indicate which fire detector has worked or the change of its output, and it is not possible to indicate the burning condition. Namely it is not possible to suitably control equipment for preventing or expelling the smoke, or to suitable control fire extinguishers.
  • the UK Patent application GB 2 030 336 describes an emergency alarm system including a plurality of fire detectors connected in parallel by a common cable to a monitor arranged in a central location.
  • a fire detector sends an identification signal to the monitor using DC-pulses signalling on the common cable when the fire detector is actuated by hand.
  • the monitor renders both an alarm signal and an identification signal of the actuated fire detector.
  • the disadvantages of the known emergency alarm system are both the requirement of two pairs of conductors (for power supply and signalling) in the common cable and two signals (alarm and identification signals) are derived from one signal, emitted from the actuated fire detector. Where the emergency alarm system encircles a large surveillance area, a large quantity of signal lines is necessary. Further, in cases of influences on the conductors by interfering electromagnetic fields the single signal transmitted through the conductors can be amended so that in the monitor false signals are derived from the amended signal.
  • the objects of the present invention are to reduce the wasteful use of the electrical conductors between the fire detectors and the central control panel, and to eliminate the undesired influence on the electrical signals by electromagnetic interfering fields.
  • the first mentioned case only one pair of conductors is used.
  • a fire alarm signal, a fire quantity signal and an identification signal are emitted from the actuated fire detector and are transmitted to the control panel at the central location, such that the area where fire has broken out, the quantity or condition of the fire and the actuated fire detector are indicated by the control panel.
  • the invention is characterized by the combination of the features defined in the characterizing portion of claim 1.
  • Fig. 1 symbols D 11 to D 1n and D n1 to D nn denote fire detectors that are connected in parallel across a pair of lines I 1 and I through to a pair of lines In to I covering every area, and Re denotes a control panel.
  • the fire detectors connected in parallel in each area have been constructed in the same way except for a decoder that is provided to generate an address signal specific to the detector. Therefore only the detector D 11 will be described below with reference to Figs. 2 and 3, in which reference numeral 1 denotes a fire detector circuit which consists of a fire detector portion 2, and a comparator 3 such as operational amplifier A that detects a predetermined output of the detector portion 2.
  • the fire detector portion 2 has an inner ion chamber CH, and an outer ion chamber CH 2 connected in series, and an FET which detects the change in potential at a middle point between the inner ion chamber and the outer ion chamber.
  • Reference numeral 4 denotes an inhibit circuit whose input is connected to the output of the comparator 3, and whose inhibit input is connected to a line voltage detector circuit 5 which detects a predetermined voltage drop across a pair of lines I, and I.
  • the detector circuit 5 consists of a transistor T i , a Zener diode Z,, and resistors R 1 , R 2 . Under the supervisory condition, the Zener diode Z, is rendered conductive, whereby the transistor T, is rendered conductive.
  • Reference numeral 6 denotes a latch circuit consisting of an RS flip-flop circuit, the set terminal being connected to the inhibit circuit 4, and the output terminal being connected to a switching circuit 7 and to a delay circuit 8.
  • the switching circuit 7 is connected across the pair of lines l 1 , I to produce fire signals, and consists of a Zener diode Z 2 having a Zener voltage smaller than that of the Zener diode Z i , and a transistor T 2 .
  • the base of the transistor T 2 which serves as an input terminal is connected to the output of the latch circuit 6.
  • the delay circuit 8 so works that the output of the latch circuit 6 is produced being delayed by a predetermined period of time, and consists of a resistor R 3 and a capacitor C,.
  • the output of the delay circuit 8 is sent to an astable multivibrator 11 via a Schmitt trigger inhibit circuit 9 and an OR circuit 10.
  • Reference numeral 12 denotes a counter which counts pulse outputs produced by the multivibrator 11, and 13 denotes a decoder which produces an output at a predetermined counted value of the counter 12. In the case of this detector D 11 , the output is produced when "1" is counted.
  • other detectors see Fig.
  • the decoder produces an output when "2" is counted.
  • the decoder produces an output when "n" is counted.
  • Reference numeral 14 denotes a latch circuit which consists of an RS flip-flop circuit, the set terminal thereof being connected to the output of the decoder 13, and the output terminal thereof being connected to the inhibit input of the inhibit circuit and to a clear terminal of the counter 12 via the OR circuit 15.
  • Reference numeral 16 denotes a switching circuit which is connected across the lines I 1 and I like the switching circuit 7, and which works to send the address and fire detection quantity signal of the detector D 11 .
  • the switching circuit 7 consists of a Zener diode Z 3 having a Zener voltage smaller than that of the Zener diode Z 2 , and a transistor T 3 , the base of the transistor T 3 which serves as an input terminal being connected to the output of the astable multivibrator 11.
  • Reference numeral 17 denotes a delay circuit which is connected to the output of the latch circuit 14, which consists of a resistor R 4 , a capacitor C 2 and a Schmitt trigger circuit B, and which has a delay time that is sufficiently longer than the time for sending address signals.
  • Reference numeral 18 denotes a nonstable multivibrator which operates responsive to the output of the delay circuit 17, and which has a pulse width and a period longer than the time for sending the fire detection quantity signals to the control panel Re via the multivibrator 11. The output of the astable multivibrator 18 is connected to the non-stable multivibrator 11 via a flip-flop circuit 19 and the OR circuit 10.
  • Reference numeral 20 denotes an analog-to-digital converter of which the analog input is connected to the source of the FET in the fire detector portion 2, of which the digital output is supplied to one input of a digital coincidence circuit 21, and of which the strobe input is connected to the output of the astable multivibrator 18.
  • the digital coincidence circuit 21 consists of a magnitude comparator, wherein another input for comparison is connected to the output of the counter 12, and the coincidence output is supplied to the clear terminal of the counter 12 via the OR circuit 15, and is also supplied to the reset terminal of the flip-flop circuit 19 via OR circuit 22.
  • Reference numeral 23 denotes a reset circuit which consists of resistors R 5 to R 7 , a capacitor C 3 , and a transistor T 4 , that are provided on the output side of the constant-voltage circuit 24.
  • the collector of the transistor T 4 which produces an output is connected to the clear terminal of the counter 12 and to the reset terminal of the flip-flop circuit 19 via the OR circuits 15 or 22, and to reset terminals of the latch circuits 6, 14.
  • Reference numeral 25 denotes a fire signal receiver circuit in the control panel Re, which consists of resistors R 8 to R 11 , a Zener diode Z 4 , a transistor T 5 which becomes conductive upon receipt of a fire signal from the fire detector, and a self- holding circuit made up of a transistor T s , a relay N, and a contact point n,.
  • Reference numeral 26 denotes a circuit which receives addresses and fire detection quantity signals, and which consists of resistors R 8 , R 12 to R 14 , a Zener diode Z 4 , and a transistor T 7 which is rendered conductive responsive to a pulse such as an address signal from the fire detector.
  • Reference numeral 27 denotes an alarm indicator circuit which indicates the section where fire has broken out, and which consists of a lamp L that will be turned on when a contact n 2 of a relay N is closed.
  • Reference numeral 28 denotes an AND circuit which consists of a contact n 3 of a relay N, a transistor T 8 of which the base is connected to the collector of the transistor T 7 , and a resistor R 15 , that are all connected in series
  • 29 denotes a counter which counts the number of pulses sent through the AND circuit 28 as address signals and fire detection quantity signals, and which assumes the form of a four-bit binary counter like the counter 12 in the detector
  • 30 denotes a pulse generator circuit which consists of resistors R 16 , R 17 , a capacitor C 4 and a contact n 4 of a relay N.
  • the pulse generator circuit 30 is connected to inputs of the AND circuit 32 via a flip-flop circuit 31 together with the output of the counter 29, such that only the number of pulses in the form of address signals is stored in a register 33 of a subsequent stage.
  • reference numeral 34 denotes a decoder which converts binary values stored in the register 33 into different values, e.g., which converts binary numbers into decimal numbers.
  • Reference numeral 35 denotes an address indicator circuit which indicates a detector that is operated by the output of the decoder 34, and which consists of numeral display tubes.
  • Reference numeral 36 denotes a timer circuit which produces a single pulse after a predetermined period of time has passed from the reception of a fire signal, an address signal or a fire detection quantity signal produced by the fire detector.
  • the timer circuit 36 consists of a monostable multivibrator M, of which the input is connected to the collector of the transistor T s , an OR circuit OR 1 of which the inputs are connected to the emitter of the transistor T and to the output of the vibrator M i , respectively, a timer T, and a monostable multivibrator M 2 .
  • the output of the timer circuit 36 is connected to the clear terminal of the counter 29 via OR circuit 37, connected to the reset terminal of the flip-flop circuit 31, and is connected to the set terminal of a flip-flop circuit 38.
  • the output of the flip-flop circuit 38 is connected to the inputs of an AND circuit 39 together with the output of the counter 29, such that the number of pulses in the form of fire detection quantity signals is temporarily stored in a register 40 in a subsequent stage.
  • reference numeral 41 denotes a decoder which converts binary numbers stored in the registers 40 into different values, e.g., which converts binary numbers into decimal numbers
  • 42 denotes a fire detection quantity indicator circuit which indicates a fire detection quantity depending upon the output of the decoder 41, and which consists of numeral display tubes
  • 43 denotes a pushbutton switch for restoration
  • 44 denotes a reset circuit which consists of resistor R, 8 to R 2o , a capacitor C s , and a transistor Tg.
  • the collector of the transistor Tg which produces output is connected to the flip-flop circuit 38 and to the reset terminal of the register 33, and is further connected to the clear terminal of the counter 29 and to the reset terminal of the register 40, respectively, via OR circuits 37 and 45, and another input of the OR circuit 45 is connected to the output of the timer circuit 36.
  • Fig. 2 if smoke produced by fire enters into the ion chamber CH 2 in the fire detector portion 2 of a fire detector D 11 among a multiplicity of fire detectors D 11 to D 1n connected in parallel across the lines I, and I, the source potential of FET rises, whereby the comparator 3 operatives at a predetermined value, and the output is sent to the inhibit circuit 4.
  • the line voltage detector circuit 5 is inoperative, and the inhibit input of the inhibit circuit 4 assumes the low level. Therefore, the output from the fire detector circuit 1 sets the flip-flop circuit which works as a latch circuit 6 via inhibit circuit 4, and is further transmitted to the switching circuit 7 and to the delay circuit 8.
  • the switching circuit 7 renders the transistor T 2 conductive. Therefore, a voltage Vq across the lines l 1 , and I is dropped to a value V F as determined by the Zener diode Z 2 , as shown in Fig. 4(a), and the thus obtained fire signal is sent to the control panel Re. Accordingly, the voltage drops across the resistor R s in the fire signal receiver circuit 25 in the receiver Re, whereby the transistor T 5 is rendered conductive, the monostable multivibrator M, in the timer circuit 36 is operated to energize the timer T through OR circuit OR, and to actuate the relay N so that its operation is maintained by the closure of its contact n i . Consequently, the contact n 2 in the alarm indicator circuit 27 is closed to turn the lamp L on. Thus, it is indicated that fire broke out in the area where the detectors D " , D 12 to D 1n are connected in parallel between the lines l 1 and I.
  • outputs of the latch circuit 6 delayed through the delay circuit 8 drive the astable multivibrator 11 via inhibit circuit 9 and OR circuit 10, such that pulse outputs are generated.
  • the pulses are counted by the counter 12.
  • the decoder 13 operates, whereby the flip-flop circuit that works as latch circuit 14 is set, the inhibit input of the inhibit circuit 9 assumes the high level, the astable multivibrator 11 is stopped through the OR circuit 10, the counter 12 is cleared through the OR circuit 15, and the output is sent to the delay circuit 17.
  • the transistor T 3 in the switching circuit 16 operates for a short period of time responsive to a pulse output from the multivibrator 11, and the voltage across the lines l 1 and I is dropped to V A as shown in Fig. 4(a), such that the address signal in the form of a pulse produced by the detector D 11 is sent to the receiver Re.
  • the transistor T 7 in the circuit 26 which receives address signals and fire detection quantity signals, operates responsive to the pulse and is turned on through the contact n 3 in the AND circuit 28 where the transistor T 8 has already been closed, and a pulse number "1" is counted in the counter 29.
  • the contact n 4 in the relay N is switched and the flip-flop circuit 31 is set.
  • the value counted by the counter 29 therefore is temporarily stored in the register 33 through AND circuit 32, and "1" is displayed on the numeral display tube of the address indicator circuit 35 through decoder 34, to indicate that the first detector has operated, i.e., to indicate that the fire detector D 11 has operated.
  • the timer T which operates after a predetermined period of time has passed produces an output which causes the monostable multivibrator M 2 to operate, and the flip-flop circuit 31 is reset by the pulse, the counter 29 is cleared through the OR circuit 37, and the flip-flop circuit 38 is set.
  • outputs of the latch circuit 14 delayed by the delay circuit 17 in the fire detector D 11 drive the non-stable multivibrator 18 so that it will periodically produce pulses having a long pulse width. Responsive to the pulses introduced through the flip-flop circuit 19 and the OR circuit 10, the astable multivibrator 11 and the analog-to-digital converter 20 are intermittently actuated.
  • the number of pulses generated by the multivibrator 11, i.e., the value counted by the counter 12, and the fire detection quantity of the fire detector portion 2, i.e., the output of the analog-to-digital converter 20, are compared in the digital coincidence circuit 21 which produces an output when the analog quantity produced by the fire detector portion 2 is in agreement with the value counted by the counter 12.
  • This output resets the flip-flop circuit 19 through OR circuit 22, stops the astable multivibrator 11 through OR circuit 10, and clears the counter 12 through OR circuit 15. Therefore, the astable multivibrator 11 produces pulses of a number corresponding to the fire detection quantity of the fire detection portion.
  • the flip-flop circuit 19 is set responsive to pulses generated successively from the astable multivibrator 18, to actuate the astable multivibrator 11 and the analog-to-digital converter 20. Being controlled by the digital coincidence circuit 21, therefore, the pulses are continuously produced by the astable multivibrator 11 in a number corresponding to the fire detection quantity of that time. Responsive to the thus produced pulses, the transistor T 3 in the switching circuit 16 operates for short periods of time, such that the voltage across the lines I, and I is dropped to V A twice and then thrice as shown in Fig. 4(a). Thus, fire detection quantity signals are sent to the receiver to indicate that the output of the fire detection portion 2 is increasing, for example, to 2 volts and then 3 volts.
  • the transistor T 7 in the circuit 26 which receives address signals and fire detection quantity signals, operates responsive to the pulses, whereby the transistor T s in the AND circuit 28 is intermittently rendered conductive twice, the timer circuit 36 is energized, the counter 29 counts the pulse number "2", the counted value is temporarily stored in the register 40 through AND circuit 39, and "2" is displayed on the numeral display tube of the detection quantity indicator circuit 42 via decoder 41, to indicate that the output of 2 volts is produced by the fire detection portion 2 in the fire detector D " .
  • the monostable multivibrator M 2 is then operated by the output of the timer T which operates after a predetermined time has passed, the counter 29 is cleared through OR circuit 37, and the register 40 is reset through OR circuit 45.
  • the fire detection quantity signals are then received by the receiver circuit 26, and "3" is displayed in the detection quantity indicator circuit 42, to indicate that the output produced by the fire detector D" has risen to 3 volts.
  • the above operation is performed repetitively, and the fire detection quantity produced by the detector D " is displayed on the control panel Re with the lapse of time.
  • the transistor T in their circuit 5 for detecting line voltage remains non-conductive, the inhibit input of the inhibit circuit 4 assumes the high level, and no output is transmitted from the fire detector circuit 1. Namely the detectors D 12 to D 1n remain in the inoperative condition.
  • the astable multivibrator 11 of the detector is stopped by the output of the decoder 13 under the condition in which two pulses are sent. Therefore, two pulses are sent through the switching circuit 16 as shown in Fig. 4(b).
  • n pulses are sent as shown in Fig. 4(c). In the control panel Re, therefore, the pulses are counted by the counter 29, and the address indicator circuit 35 indicates that the second detector or the n-th detector has operated.
  • a fire signal receiver circuit 25 (which is not shown) operates to indicate the area where fire has broken out, and the pulse number "1" produced by the detector as an address signal is detected by the circuit which receives address signals and fire detection quantity signals, whereby it is indicated that the first detector has operated. Moreover, the output of the detector is indicated relying upon the fire detection quantity signals that are introduced subsequently.
  • a button switch 43 for restoring the control panel Re is depressed for a short period of time, the reset circuit 23 in the detector and the reset circuit 44 in the control panel Re operate; i.e., the detector and the control panel are restored to normal condition.
  • ion chambers are employed as the fire detector portion 2 in the above-mentioned embodiment, it is of course allowable to employ a fire detector portion of the photoelectric type which detects the light scattered by the smoke or of the thermal type such as thermistors.
  • the invention is constructed and operates as mentioned above. Namely, the invention provides a fire alarm system which is capable of discriminating the operation of a fire detector in an area where a plurality of fire detectors are connected in parallel across the same lines, and which is also capable of detecting the change in the output produced by the detector as a result of the fire.

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  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fire Alarms (AREA)
  • Alarm Systems (AREA)
EP19820105866 1981-07-02 1982-07-01 Fire alarm system Expired EP0071752B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP10230581A JPS585896A (ja) 1981-07-02 1981-07-02 火災報知設備
JP102305/81 1981-07-02

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0071752A1 EP0071752A1 (en) 1983-02-16
EP0071752B1 true EP0071752B1 (en) 1986-12-10

Family

ID=14323888

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19820105866 Expired EP0071752B1 (en) 1981-07-02 1982-07-01 Fire alarm system

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EP (1) EP0071752B1 (xx)
JP (1) JPS585896A (xx)
DE (1) DE3274690D1 (xx)

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6065398A (ja) * 1983-09-20 1985-04-15 ホーチキ株式会社 火災警報装置
JPS59214997A (ja) * 1983-05-20 1984-12-04 ニツタン株式会社 火災警報装置
JPS6019299A (ja) * 1983-07-14 1985-01-31 沖電気防災株式会社 警報信号方式
DE3478654D1 (en) * 1984-06-05 1989-07-13 Siemens Ag Method of and device for identifying an alarm triggering sensor in a danger signalling device
JPS6154596A (ja) * 1984-08-25 1986-03-18 松下電工株式会社 自火報システム
SE9504260D0 (sv) * 1995-11-28 1995-11-28 Willy Weymann Detektor
GB2321747B (en) * 1997-01-30 2000-10-18 Rafiki Protection Limited Alarm system
FR2897968B1 (fr) 2006-02-24 2008-11-21 Airbus France Sas Systeme de detection d'incendie et aeronef equipe d'un tel systeme
CN104008625A (zh) * 2014-05-21 2014-08-27 关宏 一种图像智能火灾疏散系统

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1338470A (en) * 1970-10-21 1973-11-21 Preussag Ag Feuerschutz Method and apparatus for avoiding false fire alarms
DE2261179C3 (de) * 1972-12-14 1978-11-16 Preussag Ag Feuerschutz, 2060 Bad Oldesloe Meldeeinrichtung, insbesondere zur Brandmeldung
US4162483A (en) * 1977-04-01 1979-07-24 Intech Laboratories, Inc. Bilateral master station-plural satellite station signalling apparatus
GB2030336B (en) * 1978-09-06 1982-11-10 Wolsey Emergency Audio Communi Emergnecy alarm systems

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS6355120B2 (xx) 1988-11-01
JPS585896A (ja) 1983-01-13
DE3274690D1 (en) 1987-01-22
EP0071752A1 (en) 1983-02-16

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