EP0067120B1 - Watch case - Google Patents
Watch case Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0067120B1 EP0067120B1 EP82810207A EP82810207A EP0067120B1 EP 0067120 B1 EP0067120 B1 EP 0067120B1 EP 82810207 A EP82810207 A EP 82810207A EP 82810207 A EP82810207 A EP 82810207A EP 0067120 B1 EP0067120 B1 EP 0067120B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- glass
- watch
- crystal
- gasket
- members
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B37/00—Cases
- G04B37/04—Mounting the clockwork in the case; Shock absorbing mountings
- G04B37/05—Fixed mountings for pocket or wrist watches
- G04B37/057—Fixed mountings for pocket or wrist watches for shaped watches
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B39/00—Watch crystals; Fastening or sealing of crystals; Clock glasses
- G04B39/02—Sealing crystals or glasses
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B37/00—Cases
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B37/00—Cases
- G04B37/14—Suspending devices, supports or stands for time-pieces insofar as they form part of the case
- G04B37/1486—Arrangements for fixing to a bracelet
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B45/00—Time pieces of which the indicating means or cases provoke special effects, e.g. aesthetic effects
- G04B45/0069—Cases and fixed parts with a special shape
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a watch case, and it relates more precisely to the means for fixing the crystal to the upper part of the middle part of a watch case.
- Swiss patent CH-A-592,911 describes a waterproof watch case, of rectangular shape, in which the crystal is held by two parallel slides formed on two opposite sides of the box. These slides form dihedral angles, the upper surface of which rests against the oblique edge of the glass.
- a seal positioned by a flange is placed in the upper opening of the middle part then the glass is engaged laterally in the slides. During the lateral engagement movement of the glass, the seal is gradually compressed. It then exerts on the ice an axial pressure which presses it firmly against the upper surface of the slides.
- the box retains the glass by its edge, the seal in the assembled state of the box is always offset radially and inwardly relative to the contact surface between the glass and the fasteners.
- This offset does not pose a problem with relatively thick and rigid glass, but the bending stress which it generates can impose on very thin glass a deformation at the location of the contact surfaces resulting in poor sealing at the level of edges of the glass not fitted with fasteners.
- the object of the invention is to propose a new watch case structure of the aforementioned type, in which the crystal can be engaged laterally in fixing members forming grooves and in which the crystal is not held by its edge but by its upper face, this structure being particularly well suited to the fixing of very thin glass, and to the protection against shocks of their vulnerable areas, such as for example their corners when it is shaped ice polygonal.
- the watch case 1 includes in particular a thin glass 2, for example made of sapphire, mounted on the upper part of the middle so that portions 3 of its periphery extend up to at the very edge of the middle.
- This crystal 2 is secured to the middle by means of fixing members 4 forming grooves in which the crystal can be engaged laterally, in the direction of arrow 5 for example.
- the fastening members 4 here constitute claws arranged at the corners of the box 1 of rectangular shape, and to protect the crystal, in particular in the event of the watch falling on a hard surface, they extend laterally. beyond the edges of the glass 2.
- the pair in FIG. 2 shows that the groove made in the fixing member 4 is defined by two facing surfaces 6 and 7 between which the glass 2 is engaged.
- the upper surface 6 of the groove bears against the upper face 8 of the glass 2, by means of a thin pellet 9 of an elastic material placed in the interval, the effect of which is to avoid breaking ice by absorbing possible shocks.
- the fixing member 4, overhanging the glass 2, also protects it in the event of direct impact.
- a seal 10 is applied against the underside 11 of the glass 2, but only after it has been engaged in the groove.
- the seal 10 is placed on a bearing surface 24 which represents the upper part of the casing circle 12, behind the flange 13.
- the casing circle 12 also has at its lower part a bearing surface 25 which collaborates with a corresponding surface of the base 14 in such a way that the placement of the base 14 on the middle part 15, for example by means of screws 16 causes a pushing of the casing circle 12 towards the glass 2, in the direction arrow 17, which thus ensures uniform application of the seal 10 against the underside 11 of the glass 2.
- the contact area 18 between the seal 12 and the glass 2 is located opposite the contact area between this crystal and the upper surface 6 of the groove, so as to impose only axial compression on the crystal at this location and avoid any deformation of the edges of the crystal which are not held by fixing members 4.
- the connecting members 4 are integrated into the middle part 15 and they have a portion which, projecting beyond the side walls of the latter, forms horns for the fitting of a bracelet by means of a spring bar engaged in passages 19.
- the bottom of the grooves of the fastening members 4, represented by the lines in broken lines 20, has a profile in an arc of a circle, the glass 2 then being engaged therein, from a insertion position represented by the dashed lines 21, by a rotation in the direction of the arrow 22.
- Figure 4 shows a mounting box in which the claws of Figures 1 to 3, arranged at the corners of the box, are replaced by rectilinear slides 23, extending continuously between two opposite edges of the middle, in two directions D i , D 2 . These directions can be both converging, as shown in the figure, and parallel.
Abstract
Description
La présente invention concerne une boîte de montre, et elle se rapporte plus précisément aux moyens de fixation de la glace à la partie supérieure de la carrure d'une boîte de montre.The present invention relates to a watch case, and it relates more precisely to the means for fixing the crystal to the upper part of the middle part of a watch case.
On connait à l'heure actuelle un certain nombre de dispositifs qui permettent de fixer de manière étanche et amovible une glace plane à la partie supérieure de la carrure, cette glace s'étendant au moins sur une portion de sa périphérie jusqu'au bord même de la carrure, sur lequel elle repose par sa face inférieure.At the present time, a certain number of devices are known which make it possible to tightly and removably fix a flat lens to the upper part of the middle part, this lens extending at least over a portion of its periphery to the very edge. of the middle part, on which it rests by its underside.
Par exemple, le brevet suisse CH-A-592 911 décrit une boîte de montre étanche, de forme rectangulaire, dans laquelle la glace est maintenue par deux coulisses parallèles formées sur deux côtés opposés de la boîte. Ces coulisses forment des angles dièdres dont la surface supérieure vient s'appuyer contre la tranche oblique de la glace. Au moment du montage, un joint d'étanchéité positionné par un réhaut est placé dans l'ouverture supérieure de la carrure puis la glace est engagée latéralement dans les coulisses. Pendant le mouvement d'engagement latéral de la glace, le joint d'étanchéité est progressivement comprimé. Il exerce ensuite sur la glace une pression axiale qui la plaque fermement contre la surface supérieure des coulisses.For example, Swiss patent CH-A-592,911 describes a waterproof watch case, of rectangular shape, in which the crystal is held by two parallel slides formed on two opposite sides of the box. These slides form dihedral angles, the upper surface of which rests against the oblique edge of the glass. At the time of assembly, a seal positioned by a flange is placed in the upper opening of the middle part then the glass is engaged laterally in the slides. During the lateral engagement movement of the glass, the seal is gradually compressed. It then exerts on the ice an axial pressure which presses it firmly against the upper surface of the slides.
Cette disposition présente toutefois un certain nombre de désavantages, dont celui de risquer de provoquer une déterioration ou un déplacement du joint au moment où l'on fait glisser sur lui la glace, en appuyant sur elle pour l'engager dans les coulisses. Cette difficulté a été résolue dans un autre type de boîte de montre, décrite dans la demande de brevet EP-A-0 006 077 au nom de la demanderesse, dans laquelle la glace est prise, sur deux côtés opposés, dans des parties saillantes de la boîte, entre lesquelles elle est engagée par le dessus, en comprimant un joint d'étanchéité, puis retenue par des goupilles cylindriques introduites latéralement dans des passages correspondants formés par moitié dans la boîte et par moitié dans la tranche de la glace.However, this arrangement has a certain number of disadvantages, including that of risking causing deterioration or displacement of the seal when the glass is slid over it, by pressing on it to engage it behind the scenes. This difficulty has been resolved in another type of watch case, described in patent application EP-A-0 006 077 in the name of the applicant, in which the crystal is taken, on two opposite sides, in projecting parts of the box, between which it is engaged from above, compressing a seal, then retained by cylindrical pins introduced laterally in corresponding passages formed half in the box and half in the edge of the ice.
Dans une autre solution décrite dans la demande de brevet EP-A-0 015 242 au nom de la demanderesse, la glace, biseautée, est engagée latéralement dans une queue d'aigle que comporte la carrure. Elle est ensuite bloquée lors du montage du fond, par pression de ce dernier contre un joint d'étanchéité en contact avec la glace. Cette pression a pour effet de maintenir les biseaux de la glace en appui contre les flancs de la queue d'aigle.In another solution described in patent application EP-A-0 015 242 in the name of the plaintiff, the beveled glass is engaged laterally in an eagle tail comprising the middle part. It is then blocked during mounting of the base, by pressing the latter against a seal in contact with the glass. This pressure has the effect of keeping the bevels of the ice resting against the sides of the eagle's tail.
Ces différentes solutions ont en commun le fait que la tranche de la glace participe à sa fixation sur la carrure, ce qui limite à l'évidence leur possibilité d'utilisation avec des glaces très minces, d'une épaisseur comprise entre 0,5 et 0,8 mm par exemple.These different solutions have in common the fact that the edge of the crystal participates in its fixing to the middle part, which obviously limits their possibility of use with very thin glasses, with a thickness of between 0.5 and 0.8 mm for example.
Du fait que dans ces solutions, la boîte retient la glace par sa tranche, le joint d'étanchéité à l'état assemblé de la boîte est toujours décalé radialement et vers l'intérieur par rapport à la surface de contact entre la glace et les organes de fixation. Ce décalage ne pose pas de problème avec des glaces relativement épaisses et rigides, mais la contrainte de flexion qu'il engendre peut imposer à des glaces très minces une déformation à l'endroit des surfaces de contact se traduisant par une mauvaise étanchéité zu niveau des bords de la glace non munis d'organes de fixation.Because in these solutions, the box retains the glass by its edge, the seal in the assembled state of the box is always offset radially and inwardly relative to the contact surface between the glass and the fasteners. This offset does not pose a problem with relatively thick and rigid glass, but the bending stress which it generates can impose on very thin glass a deformation at the location of the contact surfaces resulting in poor sealing at the level of edges of the glass not fitted with fasteners.
C'est pourquoi l'objet de l'invention est de proposer une nouvelle structure de boîte de montre du type susmentionné, dans laquelle la glace peut être engagée latéralement dans des organes de fixation formant des rainures et dans laquelle la glace est maintenue non pas par sa tranche mais par sa face supérieure, cette structure étant particulièrement bien adaptée à la fixation de glaces très minces, et à la protection contre les chocs de leurs zones vulnérables, comme par exemple leurs coins lorsqu'il s'agit de glaces de forme polygonale.This is why the object of the invention is to propose a new watch case structure of the aforementioned type, in which the crystal can be engaged laterally in fixing members forming grooves and in which the crystal is not held by its edge but by its upper face, this structure being particularly well suited to the fixing of very thin glass, and to the protection against shocks of their vulnerable areas, such as for example their corners when it is shaped ice polygonal.
On connaît certes déjà, par le brevet FR-A-1 214 293, une boîte dans laquelle la glace comporte un bord annulaire engagé sous un épaulement de la carrure. Cet épaulement recouvre le bord sur tout le tour. La glace est serrée contre l'épaulement par la force qu'exerce le fond sur un cercle d'engageage, un joint d'étanchéité étant intercalé entre ce dernier et la glace. La solution décrite implique nécessairement l'usage d'un verre organique et conduit à une montre épaisse.It is certainly already known, from patent FR-A-1 214 293, a box in which the crystal has an annular edge engaged under a shoulder of the middle part. This shoulder covers the edge all around. The glass is pressed against the shoulder by the force exerted by the bottom on a engagement circle, a seal being interposed between the latter and the glass. The solution described necessarily involves the use of an organic glass and leads to a thick watch.
L'invention sera bien comprise à la lecture de la description suivante, faite en référence aux dessins joints, parmi lesquels:
- - la figure 1 est une vue de dessus d'une boîte de montre selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention;
- - la figure 2 est une vue en coupe selon la ligne 11-11 de la boîte de la figure 1;
- - les figures 3 et 4 représentent de façon analogue à celle de la figure 1 deux autres modes de réalisation de l'invention.
- - Figure 1 is a top view of a watch case according to a first embodiment of the invention;
- - Figure 2 is a sectional view along line 11-11 of the box of Figure 1;
- - Figures 3 and 4 show similarly to that of Figure 1 two other embodiments of the invention.
Comme on le voit dans la figure 1, la boîte de montre 1 comporte notamment une glace 2 de faible épaisseur, par exemple en saphir, montée à la partie supérieure de la carrure de manière que des portions 3 de sa périphérie s'étendent jusqu'au bord même de la carrure. Cette glace 2 est assujettie à la carrure au moyen d'organes de fixation 4 formant des rainures dans lesquelles la glace peut être engagée latéralement, dans la direction de la flèche 5 par exemple. Les organes de fixation 4 constituent ici des griffes disposées aux coins de la boîte 1 de forme rectangulaire, et pour protéger la glace, notamment dans l'éventualité d'une chute de la montre sur une surface dure, ils s'étendent latéralement au-delà des bords de la glace 2.As can be seen in FIG. 1, the watch case 1 includes in particular a
La couple de la figure 2 montre que la rainure pratiquée dans l'organe de fixation 4 est définie par deux surfaces en regard 6 et 7 entre lesquelles est engagée la glace 2. La surface supérieure 6 de la rainure s'appuie contre la face supérieure 8 de la glace 2, par l'intermédiaire d'une pastille de faible épaisseur 9 d'un matériau élastique disposé dans l'intervalle, dont l'effet est d'éviter la rupture de la glace en amortissant des chocs éventuels. L'organe de fixation 4, surplombant la glace 2, la protège également en cas de choc direct.The pair in FIG. 2 shows that the groove made in the
Un joint d'étanchéité 10 vient s'appliquer contre la face inférieure 11 de la glace 2, mais seulement après que celle-ci ait été engagée dans la rainure. A cet effet, le joint 10 est posé sur une surface d'appui 24 que représente la partie supérieure du cercle d'encageage 12, derrière le réhaut 13. Le cercle d'encageage 12 présente également à sa partie inférieure une surface d'appui 25 qui collabore avec une surface correspondante du fond 14 de telle manière que la mise en place du fond 14 sur la carrure 15, par exemple au moyen de vis 16 provoque une poussée du cercle d'encageage 12 vers la glace 2, dans la direction de la flèche 17, qui assure ainsi une application uniforme du joint 10 contre la face inférieure 11 de la glace 2. De préférence, la zone de contact 18 entre le joint 12 et la glace 2 est située en regard de la zone de contact entre cette glace et la surface supérieure 6 de la rainure, pour n'imposer à la glace à cet endroit qu'une compression axiale et éviter toute déformation des bords de la glace non maintenus par des organes de fixation 4.A
De préférence, les organes de liaison 4 sont intégrés à la carrure 15 et ils présentent une portion qui, faisant saillie au-delà des parois latérales de cette dernière, forme des cornes pour la mise en place d'un bracelet au moyen d'une barrette à ressort engagée dans des passages 19.Preferably, the connecting
Pour le montage de la boîte selon l'invention, on comprendra qu'il suffit d'engager la glace 2 dans les rainures des organes de fixation 4 avant le serrage du fond 14 au moyen de vis 16, de manière que le joint 10 ne vienne pas gêner le passage de la glace 2 et qu'aucun effort autre qu'une légère poussée latérale ne doive être appliqué à celle-ci. Ensuite, le fond 14 est serré sur la carrure 15, entraînant le cercle d'encageage 12 et donc le joint 10 vers le haut, contre la glace 2. Compte tenu de la disposition des différentes pièces, une compression importante du joint pourra être ainsi obtenue sans risque de rupture pour la glace.For mounting the box according to the invention, it will be understood that it suffices to engage the
Dans le mode de réalisation de la figure 3, le fond des rainures des organes de fixation 4, représenté par les lignes en traits discontinus 20, présente un profil en arc de cercle, la glace 2 y étant alors engagée, à partir d'une position d'introduction représentée par les lignes en traits mixtes 21, par une rotation dans le sens de la flèche 22.In the embodiment of FIG. 3, the bottom of the grooves of the fastening
A titre de variante, la figure 4 montre une boîte de monte dans laquelle les griffes des figures 1 à 3, disposées aux coins de la boîte, sont remplacées par des glissières rectilignes 23, s'étendant de façon continue entre deux bords opposés de la carrure, selon deux directions Di, D2. Ces directions peuvent aussi bien être convergentes, comme indiqué dans la figure, que parallèles.Alternatively, Figure 4 shows a mounting box in which the claws of Figures 1 to 3, arranged at the corners of the box, are replaced by
Bien qu'elle ait été décrite en relation avec quelques modes de réalisation seulement, l'invention est susceptible de nombreuses modifications et variantes qui apparaîtront à l'homme du métier.Although it has been described in relation to only a few embodiments, the invention is susceptible of numerous modifications and variants which will appear to those skilled in the art.
Claims (6)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH3557/81 | 1981-06-01 | ||
CH355781A CH643425B (en) | 1981-06-01 | 1981-06-01 | WATCH BOX. |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0067120A1 EP0067120A1 (en) | 1982-12-15 |
EP0067120B1 true EP0067120B1 (en) | 1987-09-02 |
Family
ID=4258552
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP82810207A Expired EP0067120B1 (en) | 1981-06-01 | 1982-05-17 | Watch case |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US4490052A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0067120B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS57211577A (en) |
KR (1) | KR890000476B1 (en) |
CH (1) | CH643425B (en) |
DE (1) | DE3277142D1 (en) |
HK (1) | HK87192A (en) |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2128378B (en) * | 1982-08-24 | 1986-01-02 | Citizen Watch Co Ltd | Water-resisting structure for a watch |
CH657246GA3 (en) * | 1984-07-12 | 1986-08-29 | ||
CH660277GA3 (en) * | 1985-04-09 | 1987-04-15 | ||
CH676772B5 (en) * | 1989-05-29 | 1991-09-13 | Ebauchesfabrik Eta Ag | |
US5033035A (en) * | 1989-09-27 | 1991-07-16 | Mondaine Watch Ltd. | Watertight watch |
DE29714637U1 (en) * | 1997-06-16 | 1998-02-26 | Timehouse Handelsgesellschaft | Clocks |
SG82702A1 (en) * | 1999-09-28 | 2001-08-21 | Ebauchesfabrik Eta Ag | Timepiece including a movement mounted in a casing ring |
EP1950632B1 (en) * | 2007-01-29 | 2009-12-23 | Tissot S.A. | Watch with a polygonal bezel |
US20080267017A1 (en) * | 2007-04-25 | 2008-10-30 | Fuwausa Michelle J | Novel watchcase assembly |
EP2275882A1 (en) * | 2009-07-14 | 2011-01-19 | ETA SA Manufacture Horlogère Suisse | Device for assembling a clockwork movement |
Family Cites Families (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH581A (en) * | 1889-03-12 | 1889-10-26 | J H Landis & Cie | Sharpening and setting machine |
CH12898A (en) * | 1896-07-25 | 1897-03-31 | Ferdinand Thiel | Self-oiler for transmissions |
CH69202A (en) * | 1915-03-20 | 1915-10-01 | Courvoisier & Co L | Watch box |
US1446952A (en) * | 1919-07-14 | 1923-02-27 | Arthur W Wadsworth | Watchcase crystal |
US1722514A (en) * | 1926-02-18 | 1929-07-30 | Zullo Samuel | Watchcase |
FR653895A (en) * | 1927-05-05 | 1929-03-28 | Eterna Fab | Glass bezel with flange for timepieces and frames |
CH132072A (en) * | 1928-06-02 | 1929-03-31 | Charles Gay Fabrique De Chaine | Watch box. |
CH206230A (en) * | 1938-03-10 | 1939-07-31 | Solvil Des Montres Paul Ditish | Timepiece. |
CH207555A (en) * | 1938-10-10 | 1939-11-15 | Schmitz Werner | Waterproof watch box. |
CH347780A (en) * | 1958-07-02 | 1960-07-15 | A C Miserez S A | Shape wristwatch |
FR1214293A (en) * | 1958-10-28 | 1960-04-07 | Zuccolo Rochet Maillet | Watch case |
US3382666A (en) * | 1967-07-24 | 1968-05-14 | Sandberg Aaron L | Multiple time zone timepiece |
JPS517904Y2 (en) * | 1971-06-02 | 1976-03-02 | ||
CH583439B5 (en) * | 1973-11-09 | 1976-12-31 | Century Time Ltd | |
CH617563B (en) * | 1978-06-02 | Rado Montres Sa | WATERPROOF WATCH BOX WITH POLYGONAL GLASS. | |
CH632886GA3 (en) * | 1979-02-21 | 1982-11-15 | Piece of jewellery protected by a shielding of hard metal | |
EP0015242B1 (en) * | 1979-02-21 | 1991-09-18 | Montres Rado S.A. | Piece of jewelry protected by a hard-metal screen |
JPS56164188U (en) * | 1980-05-09 | 1981-12-05 | ||
CH642810B (en) * | 1981-12-02 | Rado Montres Sa | WATCH BOX. | |
FR2524992A1 (en) * | 1982-04-13 | 1983-10-14 | Omega Brandt & Freres Sa Louis | WATCH WATCH BOX |
-
1981
- 1981-06-01 CH CH355781A patent/CH643425B/en unknown
-
1982
- 1982-04-24 KR KR8201810A patent/KR890000476B1/en active
- 1982-05-17 DE DE8282810207T patent/DE3277142D1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-05-17 EP EP82810207A patent/EP0067120B1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-05-18 US US06/379,360 patent/US4490052A/en not_active Ceased
- 1982-06-01 JP JP57092238A patent/JPS57211577A/en active Granted
-
1986
- 1986-05-02 US US06/858,730 patent/USRE32617E/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1992
- 1992-11-05 HK HK871/92A patent/HK87192A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
HK87192A (en) | 1992-11-13 |
JPS57211577A (en) | 1982-12-25 |
CH643425B (en) | |
EP0067120A1 (en) | 1982-12-15 |
US4490052A (en) | 1984-12-25 |
JPH0125032B2 (en) | 1989-05-16 |
CH643425GA3 (en) | 1984-06-15 |
DE3277142D1 (en) | 1987-10-08 |
KR890000476B1 (en) | 1989-03-18 |
KR830010409A (en) | 1983-12-30 |
USRE32617E (en) | 1988-03-01 |
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