EP0060230B1 - Structure portante en congloméré ou en béton armé, en particulier antisismique, pour des constructions planes, ainsi que pour des voûtes ou des arcs, obtenue au moyen d'éléments modulaires - Google Patents

Structure portante en congloméré ou en béton armé, en particulier antisismique, pour des constructions planes, ainsi que pour des voûtes ou des arcs, obtenue au moyen d'éléments modulaires Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0060230B1
EP0060230B1 EP82830050A EP82830050A EP0060230B1 EP 0060230 B1 EP0060230 B1 EP 0060230B1 EP 82830050 A EP82830050 A EP 82830050A EP 82830050 A EP82830050 A EP 82830050A EP 0060230 B1 EP0060230 B1 EP 0060230B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
elements
vertical
modular
mortar
grooves
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP82830050A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0060230A1 (fr
Inventor
Rocco Palamara
Gianni Palamara
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Individual
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Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT82830050T priority Critical patent/ATE15706T1/de
Publication of EP0060230A1 publication Critical patent/EP0060230A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0060230B1 publication Critical patent/EP0060230B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/42—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities
    • E04B2/54—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities the walls being characterised by fillings in all cavities in order to form a wall construction
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/28—Walls having cavities between, but not in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts kept in distance by means of spacers, all parts being solid
    • E04B2/40—Walls having cavities between, but not in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts kept in distance by means of spacers, all parts being solid the walls being characterised by fillings in all cavities in order to form a wall construction
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
    • E04C1/39—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings characterised by special adaptations, e.g. serving for locating conduits, for forming soffits, cornices, or shelves, for fixing wall-plates or door-frames, for claustra
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0256—Special features of building elements
    • E04B2002/0265—Building elements for making arcuate walls

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a load-bearing conglomerate structure, in particular anti-seismic, for flat constructions as well as for arches, or arches, obtained by means of modular elements, such as to support any stress without the intervention of said elements.
  • this frame should be a real conglomerate network, or reinforced concrete, and, in particular, that the uprights and crossbeams should be reciprocally correlated in size with respect to a specific construction.
  • the network would also have to be continuous and compact, which would suppose that the modular elements were provided with means for sealing the conglomerate as well as with means which would promote the creep of the mortar in all the points of the network.
  • a network which has all the characteristics indicated would represent, in the opinion of the Applicants, a considerable contribution to the solution of the problem.
  • this network should be such as to support in itself any stress on the wall, without the contribution of modular elements, the function of which would remain that of insulating and closing elements.
  • the very modular elements could be made with any material whatsoever, such as clay, concrete, conglomerate and similia, but also in pressed wood and, above all, in synthetic resins, such as polystyrene.
  • the network whose supposed characteristics were described earlier, would be even more suitable if the possibility were given to proceed with its construction, either in the case of a structure with flat surfaces, or in the case of an arch, or an arc, using the same modular elements that are used for works with flat surfaces.
  • the arch and arch constructions could be made in the same way and with lighter materials, cheaper and easier to transport and handle.
  • Patents US 2186 712 (STAMM) and 2 736 188 (WILHELM) relate to blocks for which no introduction of mortar is planned after their assembly.
  • US Patent 4,075,808 relates to a construction system with blocks to be fitted together to form a network.
  • the blocks are not present. not attempt characteristics such as to ensure a correlation in size between the uprights and the crosspieces; the latter seem to have a completely negligible dimension compared to the former. No suitable correlation nor any precaution at the moment of the introduction of the mortar being planned, namely an introduction under pressure or else in the presence of a retarder, it does not seem that the structure can, in itself, be sufficient to support any stress on the wall without the contribution of the modular elements.
  • the latter must therefore necessarily be made of clay, or conglomerate, or similar material.
  • the PEARL system does not seem to provide, moreover, for additional modular elements such as for hanging transverse walls, or partition walls, or even half-dimensional elements, or else elements to be modified on site (to membrane) to create passages in relation to the requirements that arise. All these characteristics not being foreseen, it cannot be said that the PEARL system could provide a structure independent of the modular elements in relation to the stresses on the work.
  • German patent DE-PS 677 922 (JOHNER) relates to hollow blocks placed side by side so as to form ventilation passages with air mattresses between the junction surfaces;
  • German patent DE-PS 841339 (SPRING) relates to elements for building affecting the shape of an H, which must be used as permanent formwork;
  • German patent DE-PS 816 452 (TEUBNER) relates to elements for building with interlockings in order to make the superposition and the positioning side by side of the blocks faster. It does not appear that these patents can indicate a bearing structure as described at the beginning of this description.
  • French Patent 465 102 (WAGON) moreover relates to various blocks, full or hollow, made of any material whatsoever and which "by their conformations and their arrangements, tend to achieve in their implementation voids and hollows necessary for the location and construction of a reinforced concrete frame, or of any other kind, composed of uprights and crosspieces to which they serve as formwork and permanent filling in the making of the walls of OJ buildings.
  • Several of these tasks are the same as the Applicants are pursuing, including that of obtaining view faces which carry a decoration and which, in any case, do not need plastering.
  • WAGON specifies, with reference to its figure 4, that "the horizontal holes a and the vertical holes b serve to provide ventilation and the air mattress inside the walls • , while «the vertical holes c and the vertical and horizontal grooves d are arranged to receive the rebar with their ligatures joining them together as well as the concrete of the framework, as shown in Figures 2 and 3 •.
  • the work does not appear waterproof to the mortar; it only penetrates into the holes c and into the grooves d, but cannot penetrate under pressure.
  • the framework network is only coated with mortar, but does not appear to be a real structure, since the only openings which have a certain amplitude (b) are provided for air mattresses. Furthermore, no means is indicated which promotes creep and adhesion of the mortar. Finally, since a real bearing structure is missing, it does not appear that the conditions exist for blocks made of materials other than concrete to be limited to serving as formwork, especially if one would like to use this structure in regions hit by the earthquake.
  • British Patents GB-PS 508 987 (ENSOR) -176 031 (DEYES) and 827508 (ANTHONY) refer to building blocks comprising structures which do not appear to have any similarity to that which the Applicants propose.
  • the invention therefore proposes to indicate a supporting structure for masonry works with flat surfaces, or else for arches, or arches, formed by a network in conglomerate, or reinforced concrete, which can be carried out in both cases with the same modular elements, able to support any stress without the direct contribution of these, the sleepers and the uprights of the structure being consequently correlated in size reciprocal, being made compact and continuously along the entire structure, constituted by peripheral walls, transverse, by partition walls, etc., and in which the view faces do not need plastering when the work is accomplished.
  • Figure 1 shows, at the time of their superposition, two modular elements 1 according to the invention, which can be used either for works with flat surfaces, or for arched or arched structures.
  • On the upper and lower side of the elements are recognized longitudinal parts 2, 2 'molded in an arc of circumference, whose radii R, R' are equal.
  • Said parts 2, 2 ′ are provided with grooves 3 parallel to each other, the dimensions of which are perfectly equal.
  • the elements 1 can thus be geometrically coupled, while the grooves 3 ensure engagement of the elements with sealing.
  • the elements 1 are also provided with upper 4 and lower 4 ′ horizontal channels, as well as vertical channels 5 which are mutually parallel to each other.
  • the median line of each element comes to correspond to the vertical plane of junction of two elements of the upper layer and, respectively, of the lower layer and the vertical channels 5 are aligned along a single vertical straight line, starting from the base and to the top of the structure.
  • the horizontal channels 4, 4 ' are in turn aligned along a single horizontal straight line. The sleepers and uprights thus form a continuous and uninterrupted network.
  • Each of the planes 6 has a groove 7; similar grooves 7 'are provided in the sides of the channels 4, 4'. On both sides of the grooves 7, parallel troughs 8 are provided. Troughs 8 'similar are provided along the surfaces of the upper 4 and lower 4' horizontal channels. The grooves 7, 7 'and the troughs 8, 8' promote the creep of the mortar at the time of its introduction into the structure, as well as better adhesion of the latter with the elements.
  • the vertical joining surfaces of the elements 1 have inclined planes 9; along the vertical edges thereof are provided grooves 10 and, alternatively, on the surface opposite of the element, corresponding ribs are provided, which ensure a mutual engagement with sealing with the mortar.
  • a similar cavity corresponds on the opposite vertical surface of the element 1.
  • the mortar therefore also penetrates into the free passages 18 ′ which are formed by placing the elements side by side. Unlike the free passages formed by superposition, and which enlarge the spacing between the channels 4, 4 ′, these passages are not continuous along the same straight line, since below them is the bottom of the channels 4 (fig. 4 and 5); they still ensure the uninterrupted continuity of the structure per se, since there is no obstacle preventing the flow of mortar inside a passage of any kind.
  • the parts 2, 2 'with the grooves 3, the grooves 10 and the corresponding ribs therefore ensure, in the masonry structure obtained by dry assembly of the said elements, the sealing of the mortar along its entire periphery.
  • the waterproofing will be ensured even when use is made - as will be described with reference to Figures 11-18 - of additional modular elements for hanging cross walls, or transverse load-bearing walls, or else fence element, etc.
  • the presence of the grooves 7, 7 'and the troughs 8, 8' promotes the creep of the mortar and the adhesion of the latter to the modular elements 1, as well as the compactness of the structure.
  • Figure 2 shows a variant of the element 1 of Figure 1.
  • This element 1 can be used only for masonry works with flat surfaces. It has the same characteristics of element 1 except that in the supports. The difference therefore consists only in that the upper and lower horizontal surfaces do not affect, from the outer edges, the. shape of an arc of circumference, but that of horizontal support planes.
  • In proximity to these planes 12, 12 ′ there are provided, alternatively, upper grooves 13 and corresponding lower ribs (not shown in the figure); there are also found on a vertical surface the same grooves 10 and, alternatively, corresponding ribs (not shown in the drawing) on the opposite vertical surface.
  • the grooves and ribs ensure the watertightness of the structure during the geometric coupling of the elements. All the other characteristics which have been described with reference to the element in FIG. 1 are here the same.
  • Figure 3 shows a masonry structure made with modular elements 1; we see corners made with modular elements 14, similar to that of Figure 11; transverse walls hung with modular elements 15, similar to that of FIG. 13; cross walls hung with modular elements 16, similar to that of FIG. 14.
  • the structure is closed at the ends with modular elements 17, the dimension of which is reduced to half, similar to that of FIG. 15, and 17 ' , similar to that of figure 16.
  • the figure aims to underline the fact that even an irregular profile work is comparable to a single waterproof container with mortar.
  • Figures 4 and 5 are cross sections along X and Y of Figure 3. They are intended to emphasize the location of an upper layer X of the modular elements relative to a lower layer Y, as well as the use of the same additional elements which has been described with reference to FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 6 shows the continuity of the structure: the crosspieces 18 of the mortar network which has formed in the horizontal channels 4, 4 ′ enlarged by the planes 6 are continuous: the uprights 19 of the mortar network which has formed in the vertical channels 5 are continuous.
  • the crosspieces 18 and the uprights 19 are further aligned, respectively, along the same straight line; the crosspieces 18 and the uprights 19 are intimately linked since the channels 4, 4 ′ and 5 intersect.
  • iron bars 20', 20 can be passed for the reinforcement of the structure. Bars can not pass through the free vertical junction passages which are formed by the side-by-side location of the elements. However, the mortar penetrates there and binds intimately with the crosspieces 18 and the uprights 19.
  • Either the channels 4, 4 ′, or the free passages which form by superposition and by location side by side of the modular elements are precalculated in size according to the kind of network necessary for the structure.
  • the mortar can be introduced even under pressure.
  • the grooves 7, 7 'and the troughs 8, 8' promote the creep of the mortar, especially when it is introduced by gravity.
  • the mortar can come out of the elements; this avoids the plastering of the structure and makes it possible to provide decorations on the modular elements.
  • FIG. 8 shows a structure with flat surfaces produced with modular elements 1.
  • Figure 9 shows the modular elements 1 used for the construction of a vault.
  • the radius R of the parts 2 being equal to the radius R 'of the parts 2' and the grooves 3 being equal between them in size, not only is the structure sealed, but also the possibility of offset between two superimposed elements.
  • the height of the superimposed element 1 is proportional to its width as a function of the number of teeth which must be used to offset the elements in height until reaching the top of the vault.
  • Figure 10 shows an assembled vault with modular elements 1 according to the invention.
  • FIG 11 there is shown a modular element 1 for hanging the work at the corners.
  • the arched parts near the corner are here suitably provided for support in this part of the structure.
  • FIG. 12 shows a modular element 1 of dimension reduced to half, which is used to respect the location of an upper layer with a lower layer, while maintaining the necessary offset of the elements with respect to the junctions.
  • Figure 13 shows a modular element for hanging three walls. It can be seen that the element has an open transverse passage for coupling with the longitudinal passages of the elements to be placed at its sides.
  • the modular element shown in Figure 14 is similar to that of Figure 13; however, the transverse passage is open on one side only for the attachment of a cross wall.
  • Figure 15 shows a modular element similar to that of Figure 12; it is used for the closing of the work.
  • FIG. 18 The modular element of FIG. 18 is used, as well as the elements which have been described, when ventilation passages are desired.
  • the ventilation passages are arranged alongside a single channel provided for the formation of the network.
  • said ventilation passages are on the other hand arranged in a single straight line; on their side we recognize the channels planned for the formation of the network.
  • FIG. 17 shows a modular element which the Applicants indicate as "membrane element " . Indeed, all the surfaces included between the grooves 23, 23 'are membranes which can be broken with a hammer blow to open passages in the direction of network sleepers according to requirements.
  • This element is a variant to elements 1, l 'in Figures 1 and 2. It can contribute considerably to the speed of construction, without in any way affecting the characteristics indicated above. .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
  • Sanitary Device For Flush Toilet (AREA)
  • Artificial Fish Reefs (AREA)
  • Moulds, Cores, Or Mandrels (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
EP82830050A 1981-03-09 1982-03-09 Structure portante en congloméré ou en béton armé, en particulier antisismique, pour des constructions planes, ainsi que pour des voûtes ou des arcs, obtenue au moyen d'éléments modulaires Expired EP0060230B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT82830050T ATE15706T1 (de) 1981-03-09 1982-03-09 Tragkonstruktion aus einem konglomerat oder armiertem beton, insbesondere gegen erdbeben, fuer ebene sowie gewoelbte oder bogenfoermige konstruktionen, hergestellt aus modul-elementen.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT4797881 1981-03-09
IT47978/81A IT1218259B (it) 1981-03-09 1981-03-09 Mattone da costruzione atto a ricevere colate cemantizie per formare reticolo

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0060230A1 EP0060230A1 (fr) 1982-09-15
EP0060230B1 true EP0060230B1 (fr) 1985-09-18

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EP82830050A Expired EP0060230B1 (fr) 1981-03-09 1982-03-09 Structure portante en congloméré ou en béton armé, en particulier antisismique, pour des constructions planes, ainsi que pour des voûtes ou des arcs, obtenue au moyen d'éléments modulaires

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4485604A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
EP (1) EP0060230B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) ATE15706T1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE3266274D1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IN (1) IN157971B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IT (1) IT1218259B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

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DE3568363D1 (en) * 1985-09-26 1989-03-30 Rolf Scheiwiller Set of elements for composite constructions
ATE60103T1 (de) * 1987-03-20 1991-02-15 Rolf Scheiwiller Bausatz zur erstellung von verbundbauwerken.
ATE61826T1 (de) * 1987-04-22 1991-04-15 Rolf Scheiwiller Pflastersteinsatz zur verlegung einer bogenpflasterung.
US5191744A (en) * 1990-05-17 1993-03-09 Bowes Keith D Construction element
EP0799353A4 (en) * 1994-12-20 1999-01-07 Mary Rowena Ginn CONSTRUCTION PANELS
US5617686A (en) * 1995-06-07 1997-04-08 Gallagher, Jr.; Daniel P. Insulating polymer wall panels
US5699640A (en) * 1996-03-26 1997-12-23 Southeast Walls, Inc. Foam building block
AUPQ257999A0 (en) 1999-07-07 1999-09-23 Kassis, Fahim Locrete
US7305803B2 (en) * 2000-09-18 2007-12-11 Daniel Correa Block construction system
US7096636B1 (en) * 2001-11-20 2006-08-29 Jeremiah F. Neill Modular building block system
US6665994B1 (en) * 2002-06-07 2003-12-23 John Robert Ruggeri Self-aligning building blocks
US20040026679A1 (en) * 2002-08-01 2004-02-12 Terrels Christopher J. Post and railing construction
US20040206028A1 (en) * 2002-08-01 2004-10-21 Terrels Christopher J. Railing system and support assembly
US7243473B2 (en) * 2002-08-06 2007-07-17 Terrels Christopher J Post assembly and trim ring
US7370452B2 (en) * 2002-09-16 2008-05-13 Rogers Melissa B Mat assembly for heavy equipment transit and support
USD662410S1 (en) 2003-08-01 2012-06-26 Railing Dynamics, Inc. Insert for concealing a fastener hole
ITRM20030387A1 (it) * 2003-08-06 2005-02-07 Giovanni Palamara Sistema murario a moduli combinabili.
US20050224777A1 (en) * 2004-04-13 2005-10-13 Terrels Christopher J Connector fitting for railing components
USD521656S1 (en) 2004-09-28 2006-05-23 Terrels Christopher J Adjustable cladding assembly
US20060156656A1 (en) * 2005-01-19 2006-07-20 Robinson Gerald M Aggregate log and method of building construction
US20070039478A1 (en) * 2005-08-22 2007-02-22 Main Power Electrical Factory Ltd. Coffee machine brew head
US20070245659A1 (en) * 2006-04-05 2007-10-25 West David E Insulated concrete form and mold for making same
FR2900173B1 (fr) * 2006-04-24 2008-07-18 Klein Agglomeres Soc Par Actio Ensemble d'elements calibres en beton utilisable pour les constructions
US7731160B2 (en) 2007-09-28 2010-06-08 Railing Dynamics, Inc. Post and railing assembly with support bracket covers
US8266862B2 (en) * 2010-05-13 2012-09-18 Chien-Hua Huang Prefabricated wall/floor panel
PL220759B1 (pl) * 2010-08-03 2015-12-31 Hch Spółka Z Ograniczoną Odpowiedzialnością Zestaw elementów budowlanych do stawiania budowli na sucho
MX2010013375A (es) * 2010-12-06 2012-06-11 Arturo Ramon Alvarez Moysen Sistema para la constuccion de muros utilizando bloques provistos con medios de acoplamiento.
AU2010257397B2 (en) * 2010-12-23 2015-11-19 Adbri Masonry Pty Ltd An interlocking masonry block
CA2852645C (en) 2011-06-06 2017-07-18 Christopher GENEST Masonry block system
US8863464B2 (en) * 2012-10-04 2014-10-21 Joe Balducci, JR. Interlocking masonry unit
US10358817B2 (en) 2017-03-21 2019-07-23 Anchor Wall Systems, Inc. Building block, wall constructions made from building blocks, and methods
TWI737950B (zh) * 2018-12-18 2021-09-01 詹廣志 屋頂調溫的空心磚
US11603665B2 (en) * 2018-12-18 2023-03-14 Kuan-Chih Jang Hollow brick with holding ribs
TWI755578B (zh) 2018-12-18 2022-02-21 詹廣志 屋頂調溫的空心磚
USD945643S1 (en) 2019-11-26 2022-03-08 ASURO Co., LTD. Concrete building block
US11008752B1 (en) * 2020-10-05 2021-05-18 Juan Diego Castro Insulating superblocks for constructing modular superblock assemblies
US12276102B2 (en) * 2022-07-15 2025-04-15 Philip Louis Bell Interlocking construction block system

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IN157971B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1986-08-09
EP0060230A1 (fr) 1982-09-15
IT8147978A0 (it) 1981-03-09
IT1218259B (it) 1990-04-12
US4485604A (en) 1984-12-04
DE3266274D1 (en) 1985-10-24
ATE15706T1 (de) 1985-10-15

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