EP0057371A2 - Procédé pour l'extinction des arcs de coupure et disjoncteur de puissance à haute tension - Google Patents

Procédé pour l'extinction des arcs de coupure et disjoncteur de puissance à haute tension Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0057371A2
EP0057371A2 EP82100347A EP82100347A EP0057371A2 EP 0057371 A2 EP0057371 A2 EP 0057371A2 EP 82100347 A EP82100347 A EP 82100347A EP 82100347 A EP82100347 A EP 82100347A EP 0057371 A2 EP0057371 A2 EP 0057371A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure
switching
chamber
extinguishing
quenching chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP82100347A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0057371B1 (fr
EP0057371A3 (en
Inventor
Hold Dr.Rer.Nat. Dienemann
Ekkehard Dr.-Ing. Anke
Heinz Dr.-Ing. Hänisch
Harald Dr.-Ing. Mencke
Helmut Dr.Sc.Nat. Hess
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
VEB ELEKTROPROJEKT UND ANLAGENBAU BERLIN TE BERLIJ
Original Assignee
Institut "prueffeld fur Elektrische Hochleistungstechnik"
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DD22731981A external-priority patent/DD160363A3/de
Priority claimed from DD23344481A external-priority patent/DD218709A2/de
Priority claimed from DD23344381A external-priority patent/DD218708A2/de
Application filed by Institut "prueffeld fur Elektrische Hochleistungstechnik" filed Critical Institut "prueffeld fur Elektrische Hochleistungstechnik"
Publication of EP0057371A2 publication Critical patent/EP0057371A2/fr
Publication of EP0057371A3 publication Critical patent/EP0057371A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0057371B1 publication Critical patent/EP0057371B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/64—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid wherein the break is in gas

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for extinguishing a switching arc in a gas-filled quenching chamber of electrical switches and has the aim of high switching powers with a switching path with a possible extinguishing of the switching arc without re-ignition of the switching arc by the recurring voltage with a low energy expenditure within the zero crossing of the current to realize.
  • Quenching methods are known for extinguishing the switching arc, in which the switching arc is flowed or blown through by a gas or by gas mixtures (for example air, sulfur hexafluoride). After the contacts have been separated, the switching arc to be extinguished by blowing is formed.
  • the switching section can be blown before or after contact contacting and can take place transversely or along the axis of the switching arc.
  • the pressurized extinguishing gas required for this is either taken from a container filled with compressed gas (DD-PS 29 033) or the extinguishing gas flow is generated by the piston within the switch itself, which is connected to a movable contact of the switching section (e.g. DS-AS 21 44 215).
  • Blowing the switching path changes the plasma state of the burning switching arc.
  • the conductivity is reduced by cooling the arc plasma, so that the switching arc is extinguished in the zero crossing of the current. So that the recurring voltage does not cause the switching arc to re-ignite, the contact distance is selected accordingly and at the same time the dielectric strength of the switching path is determined by the type of gas and the level of the gas pressure.
  • Another way to reduce the risk of the switching arc re-igniting is to divide the switching path into a power disconnection point and a voltage disconnection point.
  • the switching capacity can be achieved by several switching sections in series. As a result, each switching path must bear a certain voltage value immediately after the Stroianull crossing.
  • Another known method uses a vacuum chamber with an internal pressure of 10 -3 to 10 -8 Torr for quenching the switching arc.
  • the switching arc burns under vacuum in the metal vapor and leads under the effect. of their own magnetic field, mostly circular motion.
  • the metal vapor condenses on the metal screens provided for this purpose, which in the zero crossing of the current with the reduced Iadunes carrier density present here leads to the extinguishing of the switching arc.
  • the hearing wants to remedy this.
  • the invention which is defined in more detail in the claims, achieves the object of specifying a method which makes it possible to extinguish a switching arc which burns between the contacts of a switch and occurs in a quenching chamber which is filled with a gas, which, due to the high filling pressure, no longer follows the ideal gas laws.
  • the temperature of the plasma must always be lower than the critical temperature of the non-ideal plasma.
  • the associated isotherm has a turning point. The permissible size of the temperature increase depends essentially on the
  • Xenon can be used as the extinguishing gas.
  • a pressure increase to at least 1800 MPa with a temperature increase to a maximum of 12000 K must be carried out and the negative pressure pulse to be applied during the switching process must lead to a reduction in the pressure to at least 1500 MPa.
  • the invention also provides for the use of caesiun. as extinguishing gas.
  • This gas requires a pressure increase to at least 20 MPa with a temperature increase to a maximum of 9500 K and the negative pressure pulse to be applied must lower the pressure in the quenching chamber to at least 10 MPa during the switching process.
  • a defined pressure increase can be brought about in the quenching chamber at the time of initiation of a switch-off process after the quenching chamber has previously been kept under a comparatively low static pressure of a few 0.1 MPa are brought into the extinguishing chamber by encificat stored, high-voltage switching medium via a controllable quick valve through a channel preferably located in the fixed contact or by ignition of an explosive element introduced, for example, by the fixed contact.
  • a further increase in the pressure in the quenching chamber is caused by the switching arc occurring after the contact separation.
  • a movable impact and thrust body indirectly connected to the spring force accumulator is moved into the switch-on position.
  • the extinguishing kemmer is kept under a comparatively small static pressure after each switch-off process and during the switch-on process, a sufficient dielectric strength of the switching path is ensured, since the volume of the extinguishing during the switch on process kanmer shrinks, which results in an increase in pressure.
  • the negative pressure pulse applied to the non-ideal plasma can be brought about by increasing the volume of the quenching chamber and / or by a defined reduction in pressure in the quenching chamber by the Volume is increased by moving one or both contacts out of the arcing chamber by expanding the switching medium via a fast, controllable outflow valve.
  • the defined pressure reduction through expansion of the switching medium via the fast, controllable outflow valve essentially serves to provide a high-voltage circuit breaker using the method according to the invention, which controls all internationally defined switching cases. Then, for example, in order to be able to switch small (inductive) currents without tearing off the stron, it is necessary to lower the plasma pressure in the arcing chamber in a defined manner. The result of this is that the opening time of the fast, controllable outflow valve is determined as a function of the stationary pressure in the arcing chamber.
  • an extinguishing chamber not shown, is filled with a gas under a defined pressure.
  • the single-atom gas Xenon (Xe) finds Anuendang. The one in the Löschkamner.
  • the pressure prevailing before a training process is at values of that of the XE gas behaves like an ideal or non-ideal gas.
  • the pressure and the temperature of the gas increase with a slight increase in volume of the fire extinguishing cask caused by the actuation of the movable contact, also not shown.
  • the pressure increase must lead to a value at which the energy delivered by the switching arc to the gas ensures the operating point for the subsequent process step above the instability range of the gas and, in the event of a sudden drop in pressure which is subsequently initiated, the required magnitude of reducing the electrical conductivity of the arc plasma is ensured.
  • the intended pressure increase should lead to a pressure of 3000 MPa with a temperature increase up to 10 4 K (see FIG. 1).
  • a negative pressure pulse is applied at a defined point in time after the switching arc arises, which causes the pressure in the quenching chamber to reach a value of 2000 Mpa.
  • the electrical conductivity of the gas drops spontaneously to a value below the instability range, with all the dynamic state changes in the state of the instability running.
  • a phacon transition takes place, the mott transition from a plasma with a high degree of ionization to one with a low degree of ionization.
  • the danit cerbunleme loitability occurs in larger sizes, also taking into account a Bnersieu by the switching arc itself.
  • the occurring sbron limitation as sloge of Reducing the conductivity of the arc plasma causes the switching arc to go out at zero current and then not to re-ignite.
  • the contacts 1, 2 are separated in the high-voltage circuit breaker according to FIG. 2, without appreciably increasing the volume of the arcing chamber 3.
  • the resulting switching arc increases the pressure and temperature up to the necessary output values.
  • a controlled increase in volume is then initiated, which is achieved by moving the movable contact 2 out of the arcing chamber 3.
  • the arcing chamber 3 which can be subjected to high pressure, there is a selected switching medium (e.g. gas) at an initial pressure P 1 and a temperature T 1 .
  • the quenching chamber volume V 1 (x) is dependent on the position of the movable contact 2.
  • the movable contact 2 is driven by a volume V 2 in that the pressure P 2 can be adjusted with a control valve 4.
  • This controllable Volulnew V 2 is located in a high-pressure drive part 5.
  • gas is withdrawn from a high-pressure reservoir 7 via a further valve 6 when the control valve 4 is closed, so that P 2 > P 1 .
  • the volume of the quenching chamber 3 is increased again by moving the movable contact 2 out of the quenching chamber 3.
  • a defined pressure reduction in the quenching chamber 3 is provided by expansion of the switching medium via the fast, controllable outflow valve 12, the opening duration of which is determined as a function of the stationary pressure in the release chamber 3.
  • the switching medium can either be removed from the high-pressure storage tank 7 or can be removed from a further high-pressure container (not shown further). This, in turn, can be refilled by renewed compression of the switching medium with a compressor, which reuses the collected switching medium from a container, also not shown, after it flows out through the fast, controllable outflow valve 12.
  • a defined pressure increase is brought about in the quenching chamber 3 at the time the switch-off process is initiated, in that a high-pressure vessel 14 gospeichor- tes, high-voltage switching medium is introduced via a controllable quick valve 15 through the channel 16 located in the fixed contact 1 into the arcing chamber 3, so that it is possible with the help of the controllable quick valve 15 to briefly apply the switching path depending on the current to be switched.
  • the inflowing switching medium within the arcing chamber 3 impinges on the movable contact 2 and causes the movable contact 2 to accelerate out of the arcing chamber 3 1 when the control valve 4 is in the open state.
  • FIG. 4 shows a high-voltage circuit breaker which also provides a compressed gas drive for the switch-on process, this switch-on process can also be carried out by a spring energy storage drive, since the arcing chamber 3 is only under one Pressure of some 0.1 MPa.
  • a fixed contact 1 introduces an explosive element 17 in the form of a tablet through a transport vessel 13, which is ignited at a defined point in time. After ignition, a short-term pressure increase occurs depending on the explosive narrowing and the movable contact 2 is accelerated out of the fire chamber 3.
  • des GmbHvirgabges is usually a fast, controllable Ausstrköm mixture of explosive gases and valve 19 the mixture of explosive gases and originally Lich switching medium in the extinguishing chamber 3 quickly let out and replaced by a new switching medium. This gas exchange process is initiated by opening. of the fast, controllable outflow valve 19.
  • the check valve 20 is set such that when the pressure in the arcing chamber 3 is reduced to a predetermined pressure, for example a few 0.1 MPa, the check valve 20 opens. After a period of time determined from experiments for the overall exchange and flushing process, the fast, controllable outflow valve 19 is closed, so that a very high-voltage-proof switching medium is again in the arcing chamber 3.
  • a predetermined pressure for example a few 0.1 MPa
  • the switch-on process takes place via a spring force storage drive 21 in that the movable contact 2 is moved into the switch-on position with the aid of the force transmission element 22.

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  • Circuit Breakers (AREA)
EP19820100347 1981-01-30 1982-01-19 Procédé pour l'extinction des arcs de coupure et disjoncteur de puissance à haute tension Expired EP0057371B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DD227319 1981-01-30
DD22731981A DD160363A3 (de) 1981-01-30 1981-01-30 Verfahren zur loeschung eines lichtbogens in einer gasgefuellten loeschkammer eines elektrischen schalters
DD23344481A DD218709A2 (de) 1981-09-21 1981-09-21 Verfahren zur loeschung eines schaltlichtbogens in elektrischen schaltern
DD233443 1981-09-21
DD23344381A DD218708A2 (de) 1981-09-21 1981-09-21 Verfahren zur loeschung eines schaltlichtbogens in elektrischen schaltern
DD233444 1981-09-21

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0057371A2 true EP0057371A2 (fr) 1982-08-11
EP0057371A3 EP0057371A3 (en) 1982-09-15
EP0057371B1 EP0057371B1 (fr) 1986-04-16

Family

ID=27179836

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19820100347 Expired EP0057371B1 (fr) 1981-01-30 1982-01-19 Procédé pour l'extinction des arcs de coupure et disjoncteur de puissance à haute tension

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0057371B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3270535D1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0080690A2 (fr) * 1981-12-01 1983-06-08 VEB Elektroprojekt und Anlagenbau Berlin Procédé pour éteindre l'arc dans des disjoncteurs haute tension de puissance élevée
CN113406455A (zh) * 2021-07-07 2021-09-17 福州大学 一种低压交流电弧微观状态的宏观表征方法

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2824775A1 (de) * 1977-06-06 1979-01-11 V Elektrotech I V I Lenina Verfahren zur unterbrechung von gleichstrom und anordnung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2824775A1 (de) * 1977-06-06 1979-01-11 V Elektrotech I V I Lenina Verfahren zur unterbrechung von gleichstrom und anordnung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0080690A2 (fr) * 1981-12-01 1983-06-08 VEB Elektroprojekt und Anlagenbau Berlin Procédé pour éteindre l'arc dans des disjoncteurs haute tension de puissance élevée
EP0080690A3 (en) * 1981-12-01 1985-05-15 Institut "Pruffeld Fur Elektrische Hochleistungstechnik" Method of extinguishing the arc in high-voltage high-power circuit breakers
CN113406455A (zh) * 2021-07-07 2021-09-17 福州大学 一种低压交流电弧微观状态的宏观表征方法
CN113406455B (zh) * 2021-07-07 2022-03-15 福州大学 一种低压交流电弧微观状态的宏观表征方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3270535D1 (en) 1986-05-22
EP0057371B1 (fr) 1986-04-16
EP0057371A3 (en) 1982-09-15

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