EP0054214B1 - Method of dressing grinding wheels and device therefor - Google Patents

Method of dressing grinding wheels and device therefor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0054214B1
EP0054214B1 EP81110024A EP81110024A EP0054214B1 EP 0054214 B1 EP0054214 B1 EP 0054214B1 EP 81110024 A EP81110024 A EP 81110024A EP 81110024 A EP81110024 A EP 81110024A EP 0054214 B1 EP0054214 B1 EP 0054214B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
roller
grinding wheel
grinding
ratio
unit
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EP81110024A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0054214A1 (en
Inventor
Jaroslav Vlk
Johannes Woynowski
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Gebr Maegerle AG
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Gebr Maegerle AG
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Application filed by Gebr Maegerle AG filed Critical Gebr Maegerle AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B53/00—Devices or means for dressing or conditioning abrasive surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B53/00—Devices or means for dressing or conditioning abrasive surfaces
    • B24B53/06—Devices or means for dressing or conditioning abrasive surfaces of profiled abrasive wheels
    • B24B53/07—Devices or means for dressing or conditioning abrasive surfaces of profiled abrasive wheels by means of forming tools having a shape complementary to that to be produced, e.g. blocks, profile rolls

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for processing grinding wheels by means of a driven processing roller with relatively soft roll binding material and hard roll grain, wherein the grinding wheel is treated with sequentially different speed ratios between the circumferential speed of the wheel and the circumferential speed of the wheel, and also to an apparatus for carrying out this method.
  • the peripheral speed r ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ of the roller is equal to the peripheral speed r s " ro s of the grinding wheel.
  • the pressure between the roller and the grinding wheel increases the compressive strength of the binding agent on the grinding wheel and individual grains from the grinding wheel With this pressure, the grinding wheel is processed onto the negative form of the crushing roller.
  • the surface quality of the grinding wheel which corresponds to the grinding wheel grit, cannot be influenced. It is relatively rough and results in a correspondingly rough workpiece surface during the grinding process.
  • the second method known as roller diamond coating, which uses the former in addition, a diamond-coated preparation roller is used, a so-called diamond roller.
  • the diamond roller is moved at a different speed than the grinding wheel, so that due to its relative movement, the diamonds cut off the grinding wheel grains. With this method, the grinding wheel surface becomes much smoother than in the first method, depending on the relative speed ratio chosen.
  • the grinding wheel grain is cut with this method, which results in a relatively smooth grinding wheel surface.
  • the aim of the present invention is to further develop the above-mentioned method and the known device in such a way that, with the preparation roller provided, in addition to the processing of the grinding wheel, to a desired profile with a relatively smooth surface in the sense of roll diamond coating, said grinding wheel with the same roll afterwards can also be made sleek.
  • the grinding machine 1 comprises a stable support frame 3, on the upper side of which, the actual grinding machine bed 5, a machine table 7 is mounted so as to be longitudinally displaceable. Perched vertically, a stand 9 is arranged on a long side of the basically cube-shaped support frame 3, stably connected to the latter, on which a vertical support 11 is attached vertically, ie displaceably perpendicular to the machine table 7.
  • the vertical support 11 projects parallel to the table 7 above the latter and forms the support for a horizontal support 13 arranged horizontally displaceably thereon.
  • the horizontal support 13 is thus movable parallel to the plane of the table 7 and perpendicular to its one degree of freedom.
  • the grinding wheel 19 is of course rotatably mounted on the console 17 about an axis parallel to the table 7 and perpendicular to its degree of freedom, while the processing roller 21, in addition to its rotatable mounting, is designed to carry out a translational movement, preferably parallel to the stand 9, so that it can be brought into contact with the grinding wheel 19.
  • a carrier element 23 which projects downward beyond the bracket to such an extent that its end comes to lie at the height of the grinding wheel working area 25. At this end there is a water nozzle 27, directed towards the work area.
  • FIG. 1 makes no claim whatsoever to want to show construction features, but instead serves to define the definition of the representation of how the individual grinding machine assemblies are movable relative to one another.
  • FIG. 2 shows the arrangement according to FIG. 1 in a highly schematic manner.
  • the corresponding modules have the same position symbols.
  • the vertical support 11 guides the grinding wheel 19 to a workpiece 29 during the grinding process. This corresponds to the movement according to arrow A of Fig. 1.
  • the table 7 serves the horizontal support 13, which supports the console 17. This corresponds to the movement according to arrow B in FIG. 1.
  • the processing roller 21 in turn on the bracket 17 translationally, for example movable parallel to the carrier 9 according to the arrow C of FIG. 1, serves to reprocess a worn grinding wheel 19 with respect to its profile and also its surface quality.
  • a zero value specification 31 is arranged on a stationary assembly, be it on the stand 9 or on the support frame 3. It protrudes parallel to the stand 9 and is operatively connected to a zero value sensor 33 lying vertically above it, which at least in the vertical direction, i.e. is moved parallel to the stand 9 synchronously with the grinding wheel 19.
  • the zero value sensor 33 can be attached to the console 17 or directly to the vertical support 11.
  • the zero value specification 31 with a stop 35 for the sensor 33 is set such that the sensor 33 then touches the stop 35 when the grinding wheel 19 has ground the workpiece 29 down to its desired value.
  • this is shown in FIG. 2 in such a way that the zero sensor 33 projects down to the height of the grinding wheel working area 25 and thus the stop 35 is set exactly to the desired value height of the workpiece 29 being processed.
  • the original height is shown in dashed lines on the workpiece.
  • D was the shortest distance from the vertical support 11 to the grinding surface of the disc 19 before starting work X so, it is after the treatment X 'so , where X so ⁇ X ' so .
  • the difference between these two sizes corresponds to half the diameter reduction of the grinding wheel 19. If the grinding wheel 19 were now ground with unchanged setting of the zero value specification 31 and the zero value sensor 33, the workpiece 29 would be machined too little by half the diameter reduction.
  • the setpoint In order to always work the workpiece down to the same height, the setpoint, either the height of the zero value specification 31 must be reduced in accordance with the radius decrease of the grinding wheel 19, or the zero value sensor 33 must be placed on the new working area of the grinding wheel 19 or . can be adjusted by reducing the radius against the axis of rotation of the grinding wheel.
  • the preparation roller 21 must cover the distance between the roller periphery and the disc periphery before it comes into contact with the grinding wheel 19 for the first time, which is represented by the distance (X so -X RO ) according to FIG. 2.
  • the distance X will increase in such a way that the information about how much the wheel 19 has been processed in the immediately preceding preparation process must be stored for the preparation roller feed.
  • a water nozzle 27 is directed onto the working area 25 of the grinding wheel 19, as has already been explained with reference to FIG. 1. So that the alignment of its cooling jet always remains precisely aligned to this area 25, the nozzle 27 must be moved up with respect to the vertical support 11 by exactly the amount that the conditioning roller 21 has removed from the grinding wheel 19.
  • a signal flow diagram in FIG. 3 shows how the compensations for the grinding wheel removal can be carried out.
  • the information 1 is preferably in the form of electrical signals.
  • a sensor 38 a for detecting X RO a sensor 38 b for detecting X so and an input device 38 c for the roll feed are basically provided.
  • a first superposition unit 37 when a preparation process is triggered for the first time, for example with the buttons 36, the information I (X Ro ) and I (X so ) after being stored in memories 40 a , 40 b , the difference result ⁇ l of a second superposition unit 39 is compared fed.
  • this difference information ⁇ l is superimposed with the information I v (t), which is applied, for example, with the switch 36 a , and the result is fed to a converter unit 41, which converts this information into a mechanical displacement X R (t) for the processing roller 21.
  • the converter 41 is an electromechanical converter, for example an electric motor arrangement.
  • the information l v (t) is checked in principle in a unit 43 for an extreme point.
  • a switch unit 45 is closed, so that the instantaneous value of the information l v (t) is then entered into a storage unit 47. Since this instantaneous information corresponds to the radius decrease of the grinding wheel 19, and thus must be added to the original default value I (X so ) in a next preparation process, the output of the memory 47 is fed to the superposition unit 37.
  • the content of the memory 47 also corresponds to the information on how far both the water nozzle and the zero value setting must be compensated. The memory content is therefore supplied to at least one further converter 49, via which the said compensations are carried out.
  • the signal flow diagram shown in FIG. 1 is only intended to show a basic possibility of carrying out the necessary compensations and feed movements. It goes without saying that a large number of possible modifications can be made which aim at the same effect.
  • Fig. 4 the resulting grinding wheel roughness is qualitatively plotted against the ratio of the peripheral speed VR of the dieting roller 21 and the peripheral speed v s of the grinding wheel 19.
  • the aim must also be to achieve an optimum cutting ability corresponding to R M at the peripheral speed ratio 1 with the diamond roller. In terms of the method, this is now achieved by profiling the grinding wheel in a first preparation process with the peripheral speed ratio of at least almost 0.75 and then making it sleek with the ratio of at least almost 1. Since the profiling is carried out at a ratio of approx.
  • the subsequent cutting of the already finished wheel profile can subsequently be done with a ratio of at least almost 1 and with a small infeed, which is smaller than the excess of diamonds over the binder, can be reworked.
  • the binding agent never comes into contact with the grinding wheel and is not damaged. The diamonds will not fail due to damage to the binding agent.
  • the adjustment of the orbital speed ratios from point I in the ratio 0.75 to point II at ratio 1 is indicated by arrow a in FIG. 4.
  • the grinding machine according to FIG. 1 enables automatic execution of the method steps from points I and 11 (FIG. 4) and additionally, if desired, from point III.
  • FIG. 5 shows a functional block diagram for the automatic execution of the processing method described above.
  • a start switch 50 By closing a start switch 50, the grinding wheel drive 51 and, with the switch 53 closed, the roller feed drive 55 and the roller drive 57 are started.
  • the conditioning roller 59 is fed to the grinding wheel 61 in accordance with the roller feed path X R (t) (see FIG. 3).
  • a detector 63 By means of a detector 63, the portion of X R (t) is detected which is the diameter or. Radius decrease AD corresponds to the grinding wheel 61.
  • This value AD is checked in a first comparison unit 65 to determine whether it is greater or less than a predetermined threshold value .DELTA..D 1 .
  • roller drive 57 and the grinding wheel drive 51 are controlled via a first ratio control unit 67 in accordance with the circumferential speed ratio from point of FIG. 4, this unit 67 preferably continuously adjusting the circulating speeds ⁇ R, respectively, in accordance with AD. ⁇ S of role resp. Disc.
  • the diameter decrease AD is greater than the predetermined first threshold value ⁇ D 1 ; it is compared in a second comparison unit 69 with a second predetermined threshold value AD 2 and, if it is smaller than this threshold value, the two drive units 57 and 51 are controlled via a second ratio control unit 71 in accordance with the peripheral speed ratio of point II of FIG. 4 controlled.
  • the threshold value ⁇ D 1 thus corresponds to a predetermined profiling depth and the threshold value AD 2 corresponds to the grinding wheel dimension to be achieved when cutting.
  • a switchover unit 73 is actuated, which connects a control unit 77 for the grinding process to the grinding wheel drive 51 via a switch 75, and which opens the switch 53, so that the roller drive 57 and the roller feed drive 55 are stopped.
  • the preparation roll is now lifted off the grinding wheel.
  • the grinding process which is now triggered automatically and is controlled by the unit 77, causes the vertical support of the machine to be advanced by means of its drive group 79.
  • This feed movement is sensed by a detector 81, for example a potentiometer, and fed to a further comparison unit 83. If the vertical support feed reaches a predetermined threshold value V o , the profile grinding process is completed and the switchover unit 73 is reset. The control of the grinding machine drive by the unit 77 is interrupted again and with the closing switch 53 both the drive 55 for the roller infeed and the roller drive 57 are restarted. The grinding wheel drive always remains started. Since the decrease in diameter sensed by the detector 63 is now greater than AD 2 and a switch 85 has been closed when the threshold value V o for the vertical feed has been reached, the peripheral speed ratio of the roller and grinding wheel is controlled by a further ratio control unit 87, corresponding to the ratio of point 111 in FIG. 4.
  • a detector 81 for example a potentiometer
  • the switching unit 73 is triggered again, as a result of which the last preparation step on the grinding wheel is ended and the fine grinding process is started. Then when the final finished dimensions for the Workpiece whose processing is canceled by opening switch 50.
  • the two units 89 and 91 alternatively feed the corresponding control signals from the ratio control units 67 and 71 or 87 to the drives 57 and 51, or feed the control signals from the control unit 77 to the drive 51 during the grinding process.
  • the roller feed drive 55 as indicated by the return lines 93, is influenced by the control units 67, 71 and 87, depending on the peripheral speed ratio kept constant there. Depending on this ratio, the roll feed can take place only slowly or more quickly, as has been explained with reference to FIG. 4.
  • control functions described with reference to Fig. Can be carried out by conventional in e g-built function blocks in analog, digital, or hybrid technology.
  • a process computer is particularly suitable if additional monitoring, regulating and control functions are to be automated.
  • the described method allows with appropriate control, such as 4, also automatically with an infinitely adjustable speed of the preparation roller and / or grinding wheel, preferably with a diamond roller, to profile the grinding wheel and then make it sleek.
  • the same diamond roller can then be used in a further preparation process to prepare the grinding wheel for fine grinding.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Grinding Of Cylindrical And Plane Surfaces (AREA)
  • Grinding-Machine Dressing And Accessory Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)

Abstract

Methods and apparatus for preparing a grinding wheel and performing a grinding operation are provided in accordance with the teachings of the instant invention wherein a single treatment cylinder is employed to profile a grinding wheel. Initially, a circumferential speed relation which is smaller than one (1) is employed between the grinding wheel and treatment cylinder to cause initial profiling to occur in a manner to avoid damage to the binding material. Thereafter, when a desired minimum area of contact is achieved, the circumferential speed relationship is increased to approximately one (1) to achieve a profiling having a desired grinding efficiency. A rough grinding operation may then be commenced. Upon the completion of the rough grinding operation, profiling of the grinding wheel may be again established using a circumferential speed relationship which is small to achieve a fine grinding profile. Thereafter, a fine grinding operation may be performed.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Aufbereiten von Schleifscheiben mittels einer angetriebenen Aufbereitungsrolle mit relativ weichem Rollenbindematerial und harter Rollenkörnung, wobei man die Schleifscheibe mit sequentiell unterschiedlichen Geschwindigkeitsverhältnissen zwischen Rollenumfangsgeschwindigkeit und Scheibenumfangsgeschwindigkeit behandelt und ferner eine Vorrichtung zur Ausführung dieses Verfahrens.The present invention relates to a method for processing grinding wheels by means of a driven processing roller with relatively soft roll binding material and hard roll grain, wherein the grinding wheel is treated with sequentially different speed ratios between the circumferential speed of the wheel and the circumferential speed of the wheel, and also to an apparatus for carrying out this method.

Zur Aufbereitung von Schleifscheiben sind herkömmlicherweise zwei Verfahren bekannt, welche sich grundsätzlich durch das Umfangsgeschwindigkeitsverhältnis von Aufbereitungsrolle und Schleifscheibe, deren Auflagedruck sowie durch die dazu verwendeten Aufbereitungsrollen unterscheiden.Two methods are conventionally known for the preparation of grinding wheels, which differ fundamentally by the peripheral speed ratio of the preparation roller and grinding wheel, their contact pressure and the preparation rollers used for this purpose.

Beim sogenannten Crushieren mit einer Crushierrolle, ist die Umfangsgeschwindigkeit rµ·ωµ der Rolle gleich der Umfangsgeschwindigkeit rs"ros der Schleifscheibe. Durch einen genügend grossen Druck zwischen Rolle und Schleifscheibe wird die Druckfestigkeit des Bindungsmittels an der Schleifscheibe überschritten und einzelne Körner aus der Schleifscheibe ausgebrochen. Durch diesen Druck wird die Schleifscheibe auf die Negativform der Crushierrolle abgearbeitet. Dabei kann die Oberflächenbeschaffenheit der Schleifscheibe nicht beeinflusst werden, welche der Schleifscheibenkörnung entspricht. Sie ist relativ rauh und ergibt beim Schleifprozess eine entsprechend rauhe Werkstückoberfläche.In so-called crushing with a crushing roller, the peripheral speed rµ · ωµ of the roller is equal to the peripheral speed r s " ro s of the grinding wheel. The pressure between the roller and the grinding wheel increases the compressive strength of the binding agent on the grinding wheel and individual grains from the grinding wheel With this pressure, the grinding wheel is processed onto the negative form of the crushing roller. The surface quality of the grinding wheel, which corresponds to the grinding wheel grit, cannot be influenced. It is relatively rough and results in a correspondingly rough workpiece surface during the grinding process.

Beim als Rolldiamantieren bekannten zweiten Verfahren, welches das erstere ergänzend, verwendet wird, wird eine diamentenbesetzte Aufbereitungsrolle verwendet, eine sogenannte Diamantierrolle. Die Diamantierrolle wird im Gegensatz zum ersten Verfahren mit einer anderen Geschwindigkeit als die Schleifscheibe bewegt, so dass durch ihre Relativbewegung bedingt, die Diamanten die Schleifscheibenkörner abschneiden. Bei diesem Verfahren wird die Schleifscheibenoberfläche in Funktion des gewählten Relativgeschwindigkeitsverhältnisses wesentlich glatter als beim ersten Verfahren.In the case of the second method known as roller diamond coating, which uses the former in addition, a diamond-coated preparation roller is used, a so-called diamond roller. In contrast to the first method, the diamond roller is moved at a different speed than the grinding wheel, so that due to its relative movement, the diamonds cut off the grinding wheel grains. With this method, the grinding wheel surface becomes much smoother than in the first method, depending on the relative speed ratio chosen.

Aus der GB-PS 1 440868 ist ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung bekannt geworden, eine Schleifscheibe dadurch aufzubereiten, dass ihr Umfang wechselbeansprucht wird.From GB-PS 1 440868 a method and a device have become known for preparing a grinding wheel by changing the circumference of the grinding wheel.

Dies wird in einer Variante dadurch erreicht, dass das Umfangsgeschwindigkeitsverhältnis zwischen dem Schleifscheibenumfang und dem Umfang einer sich mit der Schleifscheibe in Kontakt befindlichen Aufbereitungsrolle alternierend, d.h. pendelnd, verändert wird.This is achieved in a variant in that the peripheral speed ratio between the grinding wheel circumference and the circumference of a conditioning roller which is in contact with the grinding wheel alternates, i.e. commuting, changing.

Dabei bleiben aber auch bei der Aufbereitung mit diesem sequentiell unterschiedlichen Umfangsgeschwindigkeitsverhältnis die Geschwindigkeiten von Schleifscheibe und Aufbereitungsrolle immer unterschiedlich, wodurch das hier beschriebene Verfahren eigentlich dem Rolldiamantieren zugeordnet werden kann.However, the speeds of the grinding wheel and the preparation roller always remain different even during the processing with this sequentially different peripheral speed ratio, as a result of which the method described here can actually be assigned to the roll diamond.

Insbesondere beim Einsatz einer Aufbereitungsrolle mit relativ weichem Rollenbindematerial und harter Körnung wird bei diesem Verfahren die Schleifscheibenkörnung geschnitten, was eine relativ glatte Schleifscheibenoberfläche ergibt.Especially when using a reprocessing roll with relatively soft roll binding material and hard grain, the grinding wheel grain is cut with this method, which results in a relatively smooth grinding wheel surface.

Die vorliegende Erfindung setzt sich nun zum Ziel, das eingangs genannte Verfahren und die bekannte Vorrichtung derart weiterzubilden, dass mit der vorgesehenen Aufbereitungsrolle nebst der Bearbeitung der Schleifscheibe auf ein erwünschtes Profil mit im Sinne des Rolldiamantierens relativ glatter Oberfläche, die genannte Schleifscheibe mit derselben Rolle danach auch schnittig gemacht werden kann.The aim of the present invention is to further develop the above-mentioned method and the known device in such a way that, with the preparation roller provided, in addition to the processing of the grinding wheel, to a desired profile with a relatively smooth surface in the sense of roll diamond coating, said grinding wheel with the same roll afterwards can also be made sleek.

Diese Aufgabe wird bei dem Verfahren bzw. der Vorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art durch die Merkmale der Ansprüche 1 bzw. 6 gelöst.This object is achieved in the method and the device of the type mentioned at the outset by the features of claims 1 and 6, respectively.

Beim Schnittigmachen mit dem Umfangsgeschwindigkeitsverhältnis von wenigstens nahezu 1 wird nicht, wie beim oben abgehandelten sog. Crushieren eine Profiländerung an der Schleifscheibe bewirkt, sondern das vorgängig erarbeitete Profil wird lediglich schnittig gemacht.When cutting with the circumferential speed ratio of at least almost 1, a profile change on the grinding wheel is not brought about, as in the so-called crushing dealt with above, but the profile previously worked out is merely made with a cut.

Die Erfindung wird anschliessend beispielsweise anhand von Figuren erläutert.The invention is subsequently explained, for example, using figures.

Es zeigen:

  • Fig.1 1 den grundsätzlichen Aufbau einer Schleifmaschine,
  • Fig.2 eine schematisierte Darstellung der Schleifmaschine gemäss Fig. 1, mit eingezeichneten Lagekoordinaten, relativ zueinander bewegter Baugruppen,
  • Fig.3 ein grundsätzliches Signalfluss-Diagramm für Kompensationsvorkehrungen bezüglich der in Fig. eingetragenen Lagekoordinaten,
  • Fig. 4 den qualitativen Verlauf der Schleifscheibenrauheit in Abhängigkeit vom Umlaufsgeschwindigkeitsverhältnis der Aufbereitungsrolle und der Schleifscheibe beim Aufbereitungsprozess,
  • Fig.5 ein Signalflussdiagramm für eine Schleifmaschinensteuerung zur automatischen Ausführung der Schleifscheibenaufbereitung.
Show it:
  • 11 shows the basic structure of a grinding machine,
  • 2 shows a schematic illustration of the grinding machine according to FIG. 1, with position coordinates drawn in, assemblies moving relative to one another,
  • 3 shows a basic signal flow diagram for compensation measures with regard to the position coordinates entered in FIG.
  • 4 shows the qualitative course of the grinding wheel roughness as a function of the rotational speed ratio of the preparation roller and the grinding wheel during the preparation process,
  • 5 shows a signal flow diagram for a grinding machine control for the automatic execution of the grinding wheel preparation.

Anhand von Fig. 1 sollen vorerst die grundsätzlich an einer Schleifmaschine 1 vorhandenen Baugruppen aufgezeigt werden.With reference to FIG. 1, the assemblies that are basically present on a grinding machine 1 are to be shown for the time being.

Die Schleifmaschine 1 umfasst einen stabilen Tragrahmen 3, auf dessen Oberseite, dem eigentlichen Schleifmaschinenbett 5, ein Maschinentisch 7 längsverschieblich gelagert ist. Senkrecht aufragend ist an einer Längsseite des grundsätzlich kubusförmigen Tragrahmens 3, stabil mit letzterem verbunden, ein Ständer 9 angeordnet, auf weichem vertikal, d.h. senkrecht zum Maschinentisch 7 verschieblich, ein Vertikalsupport 11 angebracht ist. Der Vertikalsupport 11 ragt parallel zum Tisch 7 über letzteren vor und bildet den Träger für einen daran horizontalverschieblich angeordneten Horizontalsupport 13. Der Horizontalsupport 13 ist somit parallel zur Ebene des Tisches 7 und senkrecht zu dessen einem Freiheitsgrad beweglich. Am Horizontalsupport 13 befestigt, ist eine parallel zum Ständer 9 nach unten ragende Konsole 17 angeordnet, an welcher eine Schleifscheibe 19 sowie eine Aufbereitungsrolle 21 für die Schleifscheibe 19 gelagert sind. Die Schleifscheibe 19 ist selbstverständlich um eine Achse parallel zum Tisch 7 und senkrecht zu dessen Freiheitsgrad an der Konsole 17 drehbeweglich gelagert, während die Aufbereitungsrolle 21, zusätzlich zu ihrer drehbeweglichen Lagerung, zur Ausführung einer translatorischen Bewegung, vorzugsweise parallel zum Ständer 9 ausgebildet ist, so dass sie mit der Schleifscheibe 19 in Kontakt gebracht werden kann.The grinding machine 1 comprises a stable support frame 3, on the upper side of which, the actual grinding machine bed 5, a machine table 7 is mounted so as to be longitudinally displaceable. Perched vertically, a stand 9 is arranged on a long side of the basically cube-shaped support frame 3, stably connected to the latter, on which a vertical support 11 is attached vertically, ie displaceably perpendicular to the machine table 7. The vertical support 11 projects parallel to the table 7 above the latter and forms the support for a horizontal support 13 arranged horizontally displaceably thereon. The horizontal support 13 is thus movable parallel to the plane of the table 7 and perpendicular to its one degree of freedom. Befe on horizontal support 13 Stigt, is arranged parallel to the stand 9 downward console 17 on which a grinding wheel 19 and a processing roller 21 for the grinding wheel 19 are mounted. The grinding wheel 19 is of course rotatably mounted on the console 17 about an axis parallel to the table 7 and perpendicular to its degree of freedom, while the processing roller 21, in addition to its rotatable mounting, is designed to carry out a translational movement, preferably parallel to the stand 9, so that it can be brought into contact with the grinding wheel 19.

Ebenfalls an der Konsole 17 angeordnet ist ein Trägerelement 23, welches nach unten die Konsole so weit überragt, dass sein Ende auf die Höhe des Schleifscheiben-Arbeitsbereiches 25 zu liegen kommt. An diesem Ende ist eine Wasserdüse 27, auf den Arbeitsbereich gerichtet, angeordnet.Also arranged on the bracket 17 is a carrier element 23, which projects downward beyond the bracket to such an extent that its end comes to lie at the height of the grinding wheel working area 25. At this end there is a water nozzle 27, directed towards the work area.

Die Darstellung von Fig. 1 erhebt keinerlei Anspruch, Konstruktionsmerkmale aufzeigen zu wollen, sondern dient nebst der Begriffsfestsetzung der Darstellung, wie die einzelnen Schleifmaschinen-Baugruppen relativ zueinander beweglich sind.The representation of FIG. 1 makes no claim whatsoever to want to show construction features, but instead serves to define the definition of the representation of how the individual grinding machine assemblies are movable relative to one another.

In Fig. 2 ist die Anordnung gemäss Fig. 1 stark schematisiert dargestellt. Dabei sind die sich entsprechenden Baugruppen mit den gleichen Positionszeichen versehen. Anhand dieser Figur sollen die einzelnen Relativbewegungen der Baugruppen erläutert werden sowie deren allenfalls vorhandene Abhängigkeiten. Der Vertikalsupport 11 führt beim Schleifvorgang die Schleifscheibe 19 einem Werkstück 29 zu. Dies entspricht der Bewegung gemäss Pfeil A von Fig. 1. Zur Quereinstellung der Schleifscheibe bezüglich des Werkstückes 29 resp. des Tisches 7 dient der Horizontalsupport 13, welcher die Konsole 17 trägt. Dies entspricht der Bewegung gemäss Pfeil B von Fig. 1.2 shows the arrangement according to FIG. 1 in a highly schematic manner. The corresponding modules have the same position symbols. On the basis of this figure, the individual relative movements of the assemblies and their possible dependencies are to be explained. The vertical support 11 guides the grinding wheel 19 to a workpiece 29 during the grinding process. This corresponds to the movement according to arrow A of Fig. 1. For transverse adjustment of the grinding wheel with respect to the workpiece 29 or. the table 7 serves the horizontal support 13, which supports the console 17. This corresponds to the movement according to arrow B in FIG. 1.

Die Aufbereitungsrolle 21 ihrerseits an der Konsole 17 translatorisch, beispielsweise parallel zum Träger 9 gemäss dem Pfeil C von Fig. 1 beweglich, dient dazu, eine einmal abgenützte Schleifscheibe 19 bezüglich ihres Profils wie auch ihrer Oberflächenbeschaffenheit wieder aufzubereiten.The processing roller 21 in turn on the bracket 17 translationally, for example movable parallel to the carrier 9 according to the arrow C of FIG. 1, serves to reprocess a worn grinding wheel 19 with respect to its profile and also its surface quality.

An einer ortsfesten Baugruppe, sei dies am Ständer 9 oder am Tragrahmen 3, ist eine Nullwertvorgabe 31 angeordnet. Sie ragt parallel zum Ständer 9 auf und ist mit einem senkrecht darüberliegenden Nullwertfühler 33 wirkverbunden, welcher mindestens in Vertikalrichtung, d.h. parallel zum Ständer 9 synchron mit der Schleifscheibe 19 bewegt wird. Zu diesem Zwecke kann der Nullwertfühler 33 an der Konsole 17 oder aber direkt am Vertikalsupport 11 befestigt sein. Die Nullwertvorgabe 31 mit einem Anschlag 35 für den Fühler 33 wird so eingestellt, dass der Fühler 33 dann den Anschlag 35 berührt, wenn die Schleifscheibe 19 das Werkstück 29 auf seinen Sollwert heruntergeschliffen hat. Einfachheitshalber ist dies in Fig. 2 so dargestellt, dass der Nullfühler 33 bis auf die Höhe des Schleifscheiben-Arbeitsbereiches 25 herunterragt und somit der Anschlag 35 exakt auf die Sollwerthöhe des in Bearbeitung stehenden Werkstückes 29 eingestellt ist. Am Werkstück ist gestrichelt die ursprüngliche Höhe eingetragen.A zero value specification 31 is arranged on a stationary assembly, be it on the stand 9 or on the support frame 3. It protrudes parallel to the stand 9 and is operatively connected to a zero value sensor 33 lying vertically above it, which at least in the vertical direction, i.e. is moved parallel to the stand 9 synchronously with the grinding wheel 19. For this purpose, the zero value sensor 33 can be attached to the console 17 or directly to the vertical support 11. The zero value specification 31 with a stop 35 for the sensor 33 is set such that the sensor 33 then touches the stop 35 when the grinding wheel 19 has ground the workpiece 29 down to its desired value. For the sake of simplicity, this is shown in FIG. 2 in such a way that the zero sensor 33 projects down to the height of the grinding wheel working area 25 and thus the stop 35 is set exactly to the desired value height of the workpiece 29 being processed. The original height is shown in dashed lines on the workpiece.

Wird nun die Schleifscheibe 19 mit Hilfe der Aufbereitungsrolle 21 aufbereitet, beispielsweise neu profiliert, so reduziert sich der Schleifscheibendurchmesser D. War der kürzeste Abstand vom Vertikalsupport 11 bis zur Schleiffläche der Scheibe 19 vor Arbeitsbeginn Xso, so beträgt er nach der Aufbereitung X'so, wobei Xso<X'so ist. Die Differenz dieser beiden Grössen entspricht der halben Durchmesserabnahme der Schleifscheibe 19. Würde nun bei unveränderter Einstellung der Nullwertvorgabe 31 und des Nullwertfühlers 33 mit der jetzt aufbereiteten Schleifscheibe 19 geschliffen, so würde das Werkstück 29 um die halbe Durchmesserabnahme zu wenig tief bearbeitet. Um das Werkstück immer auf die gleiche Höhe, den Sollwert hinunter zu bearbeiten, muss demzufolge entweder die Höhe der Nullwertvorgabe 31 verkleinert werden, entsprechend der Radiusabnahme der Schleifscheibe 19, oder aber es muss der Nullwertfühler 33 auf den neuen Arbeitsbereich der Schleifscheibe 19 gestellt werden resp. um die Radiusabnahme gegen die Schleifscheibendrehachse hin verstellt werden.If now the grinding wheel prepared 19 by means of the treatment roller 21, for example reprofiled so reduces the grinding wheel diameter D. Was the shortest distance from the vertical support 11 to the grinding surface of the disc 19 before starting work X so, it is after the treatment X 'so , where X so <X ' so . The difference between these two sizes corresponds to half the diameter reduction of the grinding wheel 19. If the grinding wheel 19 were now ground with unchanged setting of the zero value specification 31 and the zero value sensor 33, the workpiece 29 would be machined too little by half the diameter reduction. In order to always work the workpiece down to the same height, the setpoint, either the height of the zero value specification 31 must be reduced in accordance with the radius decrease of the grinding wheel 19, or the zero value sensor 33 must be placed on the new working area of the grinding wheel 19 or . can be adjusted by reducing the radius against the axis of rotation of the grinding wheel.

Die Aufbereitungsrolle 21 muss, bevor sie mit der Schleifscheibe 19 erstmals in Kontakt tritt, die Distanz zwischen Rollenperipherie und Scheibenperipherie zurücklegen, was gemäss Fig. 2 durch die Distanz (Xso-XRO) dargestellt ist. Bei Veränderung des Schleifscheibendurchmessers wird sich aber, wie erwähnt, die Distanz Xso in X, so vergrössern, so dass für die Aufbereitungsrollenzuführung die Information darüber gespeichert werden muss, wie stark die Scheibe 19 beim unmittelbar vorangegangenen Aufbereitungsprozess abgearbeitet worden ist.The preparation roller 21 must cover the distance between the roller periphery and the disc periphery before it comes into contact with the grinding wheel 19 for the first time, which is represented by the distance (X so -X RO ) according to FIG. 2. When the diameter of the grinding wheel changes, however, as mentioned, the distance X will increase in such a way that the information about how much the wheel 19 has been processed in the immediately preceding preparation process must be stored for the preparation roller feed.

Es versteht sich von selbst, dass die als mechanische Elemente beschriebenen Nullwertfühler 33, Vorgabe 31, Anschlag 35 mit ihrer beschriebenen Wirkung durch elektronische, insbesondere opto-elektronische Mittel mit entsprechender Auswerteelektronik realisiert werden können. Es ging hier primär um die Darstellung der wesentlichen geometrischen Grössen und ihrer Veränderungen.It goes without saying that the zero-value sensors 33, specification 31, stop 35 described as mechanical elements can be implemented with their described effect by electronic, in particular opto-electronic, means with corresponding evaluation electronics. It was primarily about the representation of the essential geometrical sizes and their changes.

Um das Werkstück zu kühlen, ist, wie schon anhand von Fig. 1 dargelegt worden ist, eine Wasserdüse 27 auf den Arbeitsbereich 25 der Schleifscheibe 19 gerichtet. Damit die Ausrichtung ihres Kühlstrahles immer exakt auf diesen Bereich 25 ausgerichtet bleibt, muss die Düse 27 bezüglich des Vertikalsupports 11 um genau den Betrag hochverschoben werden, den die Aufbereitungsrolle 21 an der Schleifscheibe 19 abgetragen hat.In order to cool the workpiece, a water nozzle 27 is directed onto the working area 25 of the grinding wheel 19, as has already been explained with reference to FIG. 1. So that the alignment of its cooling jet always remains precisely aligned to this area 25, the nozzle 27 must be moved up with respect to the vertical support 11 by exactly the amount that the conditioning roller 21 has removed from the grinding wheel 19.

In Fig.3 ist in einem Signalfluss-Diagramm dargestellt, wie die Kompensationen des Schleifscheibenabtrages vorgenommen werden können.A signal flow diagram in FIG. 3 shows how the compensations for the grinding wheel removal can be carried out.

In Fig. 3 bezeichnen:

  • I(XR0): Information bezüglich der Ruheposition derAufbereitungsrolle21,
  • I(XS0): Information bezüglich der anfänglichen Distanz der Schleifscheibenarbeitsfläche z.B. vom Vertikalsupport (entsprechend dem ursprünglichen Schleifscheibendurchmesser),
  • Iv(t): eingegebene Information bezüglich des Aufbereitungsrollenvorschubes ab Schleifscheibenberührung,
  • XR(t): Durch die Aufbereitungsrolle 21 zurückgelegten Weg,
  • △XN: Kompensationsweg der Nullpunkteinstellung,
  • △XW: Kompensationsweg der Wasserdüse, I(D): Durch sequentielle Aufbereitungsprozesse bewirkte Durchmesserabnahme der Schleifscheibe 19.
In Fig. 3 denote:
  • I (X R0 ): information regarding the rest position of the processing roller 21,
  • I (X S0 ): Information regarding the initial distance of the grinding wheel working surface, for example from the vertical support (corresponding to the original grinding wheel diameter),
  • I v (t): entered information relating to the feed roller feed from contact with the grinding wheel,
  • X R (t): path covered by processing roller 21,
  • △ X N : compensation path of the zero point adjustment,
  • △ X W : compensation path of the water nozzle, I (D): diameter reduction of the grinding wheel 19 caused by sequential preparation processes.

Vorzugsweise liegen die Informationen 1 in Form elektrischer Signale vor. Dazu ist grundsätzlich ein Sensor 38a zur Erfassung von XRO, ein Sensor 38b zur Erfassung von Xso sowie eine Eingabevorrichtung 38c für den Rollenvorschub vorgesehen. Dabei können die Sensoren 38a, 38b als opto-elektrische Wandler, die Eingabevorrichtung 38c als Rampengenerator mit analog oder digital eingebbarer Rampensteilheit ausgebildet sein. In einer ersten Superpositionseinheit 37 wird bei Auslösung eines erstmaligen Aufbereitungsprozesses, z.B. mit den Tastern 36 die Information I(XRo) und I(Xso) nach Abspeicherung in Speichern 40a, 40b miteinander verglichen, das Differenzresultat △l einer zweiten Superpositionseinheit 39 zugeführt. In dieser Einheit 39 wird dieser Differenzinformation △l die z.B. mit dem Schalter 36a aufgeschaltete Information Iv(t) überlagert und das Resultat einer Wandlereinheit 41 zugeführt, welche diese Information in eine mechanische Verschiebung XR(t) für die Aufbereitungsrolle 21 wandelt. Liegen die Informationen I in Form elektrischer Signale an, so handelt es sich beim Wandler 41 um einen elektromechanischen Wandler, beispielsweise um eine Elektromotoranordnung. Um die bei dem so bewirkten Aufbereitungsprozess erfolgende Durchmesserabnahme der Schleifscheibe 19 zu registrieren, wird die Information lv(t) grundsätzlich in einer Einheit 43 auf eine Extremalstelle hin geprüft. Bei Detektion dieser Stelle, dem Erreichen eines Null-Auflagedruckes zwischen Rolle 21 und Scheibe 19 kurz vor Auflösung ihrer Kontaktierung entsprechend, wird eine Schaltereinheit 45 geschlossen, so dass dann der Momentanwert der Information lv(t) in eine Speichereinheit 47 eingegeben wird. Da diese momentane Information der Radiusabnahme der Schleifscheibe 19 entspricht, und somit bei einem nächsten Aufbereitungsprozess dem ursprünglichen Vorgabewert I(Xso) hinzuaddiert werden muss, wird der Ausgang des Speichers 47 der Superpositionseinheit 37 zugeführt. Der Inhalt des Speichers 47 entspricht aber auch der Information, wie weit sowohl die Wasserdüse als auch die Nullwerteinstellung kompensiert werden müssen. Deshalb wird der Speicherinhalt mindestens einem weiteren Wandler 49 zugeführt, über welchen die besagten Kompensationen vorgenommen werden.The information 1 is preferably in the form of electrical signals. For this purpose, a sensor 38 a for detecting X RO , a sensor 38 b for detecting X so and an input device 38 c for the roll feed are basically provided. The sensors 38a, 38 b as an opto-electric converter, the input device 38 c as a ramp generator with a ramp steepness analog or digital programmable weighing can be formed. In a first superposition unit 37, when a preparation process is triggered for the first time, for example with the buttons 36, the information I (X Ro ) and I (X so ) after being stored in memories 40 a , 40 b , the difference result △ l of a second superposition unit 39 is compared fed. In this unit 39, this difference information △ l is superimposed with the information I v (t), which is applied, for example, with the switch 36 a , and the result is fed to a converter unit 41, which converts this information into a mechanical displacement X R (t) for the processing roller 21. If the information I is in the form of electrical signals, the converter 41 is an electromechanical converter, for example an electric motor arrangement. In order to register the decrease in diameter of the grinding wheel 19 which occurs in the preparation process thus effected, the information l v (t) is checked in principle in a unit 43 for an extreme point. When this point is detected, corresponding to the reaching of a zero contact pressure between the roller 21 and the disk 19 shortly before their contact is released, a switch unit 45 is closed, so that the instantaneous value of the information l v (t) is then entered into a storage unit 47. Since this instantaneous information corresponds to the radius decrease of the grinding wheel 19, and thus must be added to the original default value I (X so ) in a next preparation process, the output of the memory 47 is fed to the superposition unit 37. The content of the memory 47 also corresponds to the information on how far both the water nozzle and the zero value setting must be compensated. The memory content is therefore supplied to at least one further converter 49, via which the said compensations are carried out.

Das in Fig. dargestellte Signalflussdiagramm soll lediglich eine grundsätzliche Möglichkeit aufzeigen, die nötigen Kompensationen und Vorschubbewegungen auszuführen. Dabei versteht es sich von selbst, dass eine Vielzahl möglicher Abwandlungen vorgenommen werden können, welche auf den gleichen Effekt abzielen.The signal flow diagram shown in FIG. 1 is only intended to show a basic possibility of carrying out the necessary compensations and feed movements. It goes without saying that a large number of possible modifications can be made which aim at the same effect.

In Fig. 4 ist über dem Verhältnis der Umfangsgeschwindigkeit VR der Diamentierrolle 21 und der Umfangsgeschwindigkeit vs der Schleifscheibe 19 die resultierende Schleifscheibenrauheit qualitativ abgetragen.In Fig. 4, the resulting grinding wheel roughness is qualitatively plotted against the ratio of the peripheral speed VR of the dieting roller 21 and the peripheral speed v s of the grinding wheel 19.

Beim Verhältnis 1, welches eine maximale Schleifscheibenrauheit und damit Schnittigkeit ergäbe, kann die Schleifscheibe nicht profiliert werden, da letztere nur auf den Kontaktstellen mit dem Diamanten ausgebrochen würde und das Bindungsmittel der Diamantierrolle, sobald es beim Profilieren mit der Schleifscheibe in Kontakt träte, beschädigt würde, was ein Ausfallen der Diamanten zur Folge hätte. Bei einem Verhältnis kleiner als 1, gemäss Fig. 4, beispielsweise von 0,75, wird wegen der Relativgeschwindigkeit von Rollen- und Schleifscheibenumfang praktisch die ganze Schleifscheibenfläche von den Diamanten profiliert, was bei einem Verhältnis von 1 nicht der Fall wäre. Demzufolge wird die Diamantierrolle nicht beschädigt und dieses Geschwindigkeitsverhältnis erlaubt eine gute Profilierung, wobei die Schleifscheibe jedoch nicht die optimale Schnittigkeit aufweisen wird. Nähert sich das Umfangsgeschwindigkeitsverhältnis Null oder wird sogar negativ, so sinkt die Rauheit und damit die Schnittigkeit der Schleifscheibe rasch ab. Da es selbstverständlich erwünscht ist, die Schleifscheibe möglichst schnittig zu profilieren, um beispielsweise kürzere Schleifzeiten zu erhalten, muss angestrebt werden, auch mit der Diamantierrolle eine optimale Schnittigkeit entsprechend RM beim Umfangsgeschwindigkeitsverhältnis 1 zu erreichen. Dies wird nun verfahrensmässig dadurch erreicht, dass man die Schleifscheibe in einem ersten Aufbereitungsprozess mit dem Umfangsgeschwindigkeitsverhältnis von wenigstens nahezu 0,75 profiliert und anschliessend mit dem Verhältnis von wenigstens nahezu 1 schnittig macht. Da die Profilierung beim Verhältnis von ca. 0,75 oder weniger vorgenommen wird, wo Schleifscheibe und Diamantierrolle nicht die gleichen Umfangsgeschwindigkeiten aufweisen, kann beim anschliessenden Schnittigmachen des bereits fertigen Scheibenprofils nachträglich mit einem Verhältnis von wenigstens nahezu 1 und mit einer kleinen Zustellung, welche kleiner als das Übermass der Diamanten über dem Bindemittel ist, nachbearbeitet werden. Dabei tritt das Bindungsmittel mit der Schleifscheibe nie in Kontakt und wird nicht beschädigt. Ein Ausfallen der Diamanten durch die Bindungsmittelbeschädigung unterbleibt. Die Verstellung der Umlaufsgeschwindigkeitsverhältnisse vom Punkt I beim Verhältnis 0,75 zum Punkt II beim Verhältnis 1 ist durch den Pfeil a in Fig. 4 angedeutet.At a ratio of 1, which would result in maximum grinding wheel roughness and thus cutting ability, the grinding wheel cannot be profiled, since the latter would only be broken out at the contact points with the diamond and the binding agent of the diamond roller would be damaged as soon as it came into contact with the grinding wheel during profiling , which would result in the diamond failing. At a ratio less than 1, according to FIG. 4, for example of 0.75, practically the entire grinding wheel surface is profiled by the diamonds because of the relative speed of the roller and grinding wheel circumference, which would not be the case with a ratio of 1. As a result, the diamond roller is not damaged and this speed ratio allows a good profile, but the grinding wheel will not have the optimal cutting ability. If the peripheral speed ratio approaches zero or even becomes negative, the roughness and thus the cutting ability of the grinding wheel quickly decrease. Since it is of course desirable to profile the grinding wheel with the most cutting possible, for example in order to achieve shorter grinding times, the aim must also be to achieve an optimum cutting ability corresponding to R M at the peripheral speed ratio 1 with the diamond roller. In terms of the method, this is now achieved by profiling the grinding wheel in a first preparation process with the peripheral speed ratio of at least almost 0.75 and then making it sleek with the ratio of at least almost 1. Since the profiling is carried out at a ratio of approx. 0.75 or less, where the grinding wheel and diamond roller do not have the same peripheral speeds, the subsequent cutting of the already finished wheel profile can subsequently be done with a ratio of at least almost 1 and with a small infeed, which is smaller than the excess of diamonds over the binder, can be reworked. The binding agent never comes into contact with the grinding wheel and is not damaged. The diamonds will not fail due to damage to the binding agent. The adjustment of the orbital speed ratios from point I in the ratio 0.75 to point II at ratio 1 is indicated by arrow a in FIG. 4.

Damit wird also eine Profilschleifscheibe erzeugt, welche eine optimale Schnittigkeit aufweist. Dementsprechend wird jedoch auch die Oberfläche des damit bearbeiteten Werkstückes relativ rauh bleiben. Ist es erwünscht, dem Werkstück dann eine optimal glatte Oberfläche zu verleihen, so wird zu diesem Zweck ein weiterer Verfahrensschritt hinzugefügt, indem nach einem erstmaligen Schleifprozess, in welchem das Werkstück mit der Schleifscheibe entsprechend dem Punkt II profiliert wird, letztere mit einem Umfangsgeschwindigkeitsverhältnis weniger als 0,75 oder sogar negativ, entsprechend dem Punkt 111, nochmals aufgearbeitet wird, und das Werkstück kann mit der nun äusserst feinen Schleifscheibe nachgearbeitet werden. In Fig. 4 ist das Hinzufügen dieses weiteren Verfahrensschrittes, der jedoch erst nach einem ersten Schleifprozess erfolgt, durch den gestrichelten Pfeil b angedeutet.This creates a profile grinding wheel with an optimal cutting ability. Accordingly, however, the surface of the workpiece machined with it will remain relatively rough. If it is desired to then give the workpiece an optimally smooth surface, a further process step is added for this purpose, in that after an initial grinding process in which the workpiece is profiled with the grinding wheel in accordance with point II, the latter with a peripheral speed ratio less than 0.75 or even negative, according to point 111, is reworked, and the workpiece can be reworked with the extremely fine grinding wheel. The addition of this further method step, which, however, takes place only after a first grinding process, is indicated in FIG. 4 by the dashed arrow b.

Ist der Antrieb (nicht dargestellt) der Schleifscheibe 19 bezüglich seiner Geschwindigkeit stufenlos verstellbar, ebenso derjenige (nicht dargestellt) der Aufbereitungsrolle, wobei an letzterem sogar die Umlaufrichtung u.U. geändert werden kann, ermöglicht die Schleifmaschine gemäss Fig. 1 eine automatische Ausführung der Verfahrensschritte von Punkt I und 11 (Fig. 4) und zusätzlich, falls erwünscht, von Punkt III.If the drive (not shown) of the grinding wheel 19 is infinitely adjustable in terms of its speed, as is that (not shown) of the reprocessing roller, the latter even possibly revealing the direction of rotation. 1, the grinding machine according to FIG. 1 enables automatic execution of the method steps from points I and 11 (FIG. 4) and additionally, if desired, from point III.

Damit wird mit einer Vorrichtung zur Ausführung des beschriebenen Verfahrens an einer Schleifmaschine erreicht, dass mit einer Diamantierrolle eine schnittige Schleifscheibe erhalten werden kann und zudem in einem weiteren Arbeitsgang dieselbe Schleifscheibe 19 zur Feinschleifscheibe umgearbeitet werden kann.It is thus achieved with a device for executing the described method on a grinding machine that a sleek grinding wheel can be obtained with a diamond roller and also the same grinding wheel 19 can be reworked into a fine grinding wheel in a further operation.

Aus der Beschreibung des Verfahrens wird klar, dass, falls ein exaktes Umfangsgeschwindigkeitsverhältnis von Diamantierrolle, allenfalls einer Crushierrolle und Schleifscheibe eingestellt werden soll, die Information über die in den Aufbereitungsprozessen erfolgende Durchmesserabnahme der Schleifscheibe zur Drehzahlsteuerung von Schleifscheibe und/oder Aufbereitungsrolle verwertet werden muss. Grundsätzlich muss also, wie bereits in Fig. 2 beschrieben, mit Mitteln, wie einem Potentiometer, opto-elektrischen Wandlern etc. diese Abnahme detektiert werden.It is clear from the description of the method that if an exact circumferential speed ratio of the diamond roller, possibly a crushing roller and grinding wheel is to be set, the information about the diameter reduction of the grinding wheel occurring in the preparation processes must be used for speed control of the grinding wheel and / or processing roller. Basically, as already described in FIG. 2, this decrease must be detected using means such as a potentiometer, opto-electrical converters, etc.

In Fig. 5 ist ein Funktionsblockdiagramm dargestellt für die automatische Ausführung des oben beschriebenen Aufbereitungsverfahrens. Durch Schliessen eines Startschalters 50 werden der Schleifscheibenantrieb 51 und, bei geschlossenem Schalter 53, der Rollenzustellantrieb 55 sowie der Rollenantrieb 57 gestartet. Entsprechend dem Rollenzustellweg XR(t) (vgl. Fig.3) wird die Aufbereitungsrolle 59 der Schleifscheibe 61 zugeführt. Mittels eines Detektors 63 wird derjenige Anteil von XR(t) detektiert, welcher der Durchmesser- resp. Radiusabnahme AD der Schleifscheibe 61 entspricht. Dieser Wert AD wird in einer ersten Vergleichseinheit 65 daraufhin geprüft, ob er grösser oder kleiner einem vorgegebenen SchweIlwert.△D1 ist. Ist er kleiner, so wird der Rollenantrieb 57 und der Schleifscheibenantrieb 51 über eine erste Verhältnis-Steuereinheit 67 entsprechend dem Umfangsgeschwindigkeitsverhältnis von Punkt von Fig. 4 angesteuert, wobei diese Einheit 67 vorzugsweise laufend eine AD entsprechende Nachstellung der Umlaufsgeschwindigkeiten ωR resp. ωS von Rolle resp. Scheibe vornimmt.5 shows a functional block diagram for the automatic execution of the processing method described above. By closing a start switch 50, the grinding wheel drive 51 and, with the switch 53 closed, the roller feed drive 55 and the roller drive 57 are started. The conditioning roller 59 is fed to the grinding wheel 61 in accordance with the roller feed path X R (t) (see FIG. 3). By means of a detector 63, the portion of X R (t) is detected which is the diameter or. Radius decrease AD corresponds to the grinding wheel 61. This value AD is checked in a first comparison unit 65 to determine whether it is greater or less than a predetermined threshold value .DELTA..D 1 . If it is smaller, the roller drive 57 and the grinding wheel drive 51 are controlled via a first ratio control unit 67 in accordance with the circumferential speed ratio from point of FIG. 4, this unit 67 preferably continuously adjusting the circulating speeds ω R, respectively, in accordance with AD. ω S of role resp. Disc.

Ist die Durchmesserabnahme AD grösser als der vorgegebene erste Schwellwert △D1; so wird er in einer zweiten Vergleichseinheit 69 mit einem zweiten vorgegebenen Schwellwert AD2 verglichen und, falls er kleiner ist als dieser Schwellwert, die beiden Antriebseinheiten 57 und 51 werden über eine zweite Verhältnis-Steuereinheit 71 gemäss dem Umfangsgeschwindigkeitsverhältnis von Punkt II von Fig. 4 angesteuert.If the diameter decrease AD is greater than the predetermined first threshold value △ D 1 ; it is compared in a second comparison unit 69 with a second predetermined threshold value AD 2 and, if it is smaller than this threshold value, the two drive units 57 and 51 are controlled via a second ratio control unit 71 in accordance with the peripheral speed ratio of point II of FIG. 4 controlled.

Der Schwellwert △D1 entspricht somit einer vorgegebenen Profilierungstiefe und der Schwellwert AD2 der beim Schnittigmachen zu erreichenden Schleifscheibendimension.The threshold value △ D 1 thus corresponds to a predetermined profiling depth and the threshold value AD 2 corresponds to the grinding wheel dimension to be achieved when cutting.

Erreicht die Durchmesserabnahme AD den Schwellwert OD2, so ist die Schleifscheibe für den Profilierungsschliff bereit. Demzufolge wird eine Umschalteinheit 73 betätigt, welche über einen Schalter 75 eine Steuereinheit 77 für den Schleifprozess mit dem Schleifscheibenantrieb 51 verbindet, und welche den Schalter 53 öffnet, so dass der Rollenantrieb 57 und der Rollenzustellungsantrieb 55 stillgesetzt werden. Es erfolgt nun ein Abheben der Aufbereitungsrolle von der Schleifscheibe. Der nun automatisch ausgelöste Schleifprozess, der durch die Einheit 77 gesteuert wird, bewirkt eine Vorschubbewegung des Vertikalsupportes der Maschine mittels seiner Antriebsgruppe 79.If the diameter decrease AD reaches the threshold value OD 2 , the grinding wheel is ready for profiling. Accordingly, a switchover unit 73 is actuated, which connects a control unit 77 for the grinding process to the grinding wheel drive 51 via a switch 75, and which opens the switch 53, so that the roller drive 57 and the roller feed drive 55 are stopped. The preparation roll is now lifted off the grinding wheel. The grinding process, which is now triggered automatically and is controlled by the unit 77, causes the vertical support of the machine to be advanced by means of its drive group 79.

Diese Vorschubbewegung wird mit einem Detektor 81, beispielsweise einem Potentiometer, abgetastet, und einer weiteren Vergleichseinheit 83 zugeführt. Erreicht der Vertikalsupport-Vorschub einen vorgegebenen Schwellwert Vo, so ist der Profilschleifvorgang abgeschlossen und die Umschalteinheit 73 wird rückgesetzt. Die Ansteuerung des Schleifmaschinenantriebes durch die Einheit 77 wird wieder unterbrochen und mit schliessendem Schalter 53 sowohl der Antrieb 55 für die Rollenzustellung wie auch der Rollenantrieb 57 wieder gestartet. Grundsätzlich bleibt dabei der Schleifscheibenantrieb immer gestartet. Da jetzt die durch den Detektor 63 abgetastete Durchmesserabnahme grösser ist als AD2 und bei Erreichen des Schwellwerts Vo für den Vertikalvorschub ein Schalter 85 geschlossen worden ist, wird das Umfangsgechwindigkeitsverhältnis von Rolle und Schleifscheibe durch eine weitere Verhältnissteuereinheit 87 gesteuert, entsprechend dem Verhältnis von Punkt 111 in Fig. 4. Erreicht nun die Durchmesserabnahme AD den Schwellwert ODM, so wird die Schalteinheit 73 wiederum ausgelöst, wodurch der letzte Aufbereitungsschritt an der Schleifscheibe beendet und der Feinschliffprozess gestartet wird. Dann wird bei Erreichen des endgültigen Fertigmasses für das Werkstück dessen Bearbeitung durch Öffnen des Schalters 50 abgebrochen.This feed movement is sensed by a detector 81, for example a potentiometer, and fed to a further comparison unit 83. If the vertical support feed reaches a predetermined threshold value V o , the profile grinding process is completed and the switchover unit 73 is reset. The control of the grinding machine drive by the unit 77 is interrupted again and with the closing switch 53 both the drive 55 for the roller infeed and the roller drive 57 are restarted. The grinding wheel drive always remains started. Since the decrease in diameter sensed by the detector 63 is now greater than AD 2 and a switch 85 has been closed when the threshold value V o for the vertical feed has been reached, the peripheral speed ratio of the roller and grinding wheel is controlled by a further ratio control unit 87, corresponding to the ratio of point 111 in FIG. 4. If the diameter decrease AD now reaches the threshold value OD M , the switching unit 73 is triggered again, as a result of which the last preparation step on the grinding wheel is ended and the fine grinding process is started. Then when the final finished dimensions for the Workpiece whose processing is canceled by opening switch 50.

Die beiden Einheiten 89 und 91 führen die entsprechenden Steuersignale von den Verhältnissteuereinheiten 67 und 71 oder 87 alternativ den Antrieben 57 und 51 zu, oder führen aber während des Schleifprozesses die Steuersignale von der Steuereinheit 77 dem Antrieb 51 zu. Der Rollenzustellantrieb 55 wird, wie dies durch die Rückführleitungen 93 angedeutet ist, durch die Steuereinheiten 67, 71 und 87, je nach dem dort konstant gehaltenen Umfangsgeschwindigkeitsverhältnis beeinflusst. Je nach diesem Verhältnis kann der Rollenvorschub nur langsam oder aber rascher erfolgen, wie dies anhand von Fig. 4 erläutert worden ist.The two units 89 and 91 alternatively feed the corresponding control signals from the ratio control units 67 and 71 or 87 to the drives 57 and 51, or feed the control signals from the control unit 77 to the drive 51 during the grinding process. The roller feed drive 55, as indicated by the return lines 93, is influenced by the control units 67, 71 and 87, depending on the peripheral speed ratio kept constant there. Depending on this ratio, the roll feed can take place only slowly or more quickly, as has been explained with reference to FIG. 4.

Die anhand der Fig. beschriebenen Steuerfunktionen können durch herkömmlich aufge-baute Funktionsblöcke in Analog-, Digital- oder Hybrid-Technik ausgeführt werden. Insbesondere eignet sich dazu, wenn noch weitere Überwachungs-, Regel- und Steuerfunktionen automatisiert werden sollen, ein Prozessrechner.The control functions described with reference to Fig. Can be carried out by conventional in e g-built function blocks in analog, digital, or hybrid technology. A process computer is particularly suitable if additional monitoring, regulating and control functions are to be automated.

Das beschriebene Verfahren erlaubt mit entsprechender Steuerung, wie z.B. in Fig. 4 dargestellt, auch automatisch mit stufenlos einstellbarer Geschwindigkeit von Aufbereitungsrolle und/ oder Schleifscheibe, vorzugsweise mit einer Diamantierrolle, die Schleifscheibe zu profilieren und anschliessend schnittig zu machen. Daraufhin kann in einem weiteren Aufbereitungsprozess dieselbe Diamantierrolle dazu verwendet werden, die Schleifscheibe für das Feinschleifen aufzubereiten.The described method allows with appropriate control, such as 4, also automatically with an infinitely adjustable speed of the preparation roller and / or grinding wheel, preferably with a diamond roller, to profile the grinding wheel and then make it sleek. The same diamond roller can then be used in a further preparation process to prepare the grinding wheel for fine grinding.

Claims (9)

1. Process for dressing grinding wheels (19) by means of a driven dressing roller (21) with relatively soft roller binding material and hard roller grain, in which the grinding wheel is treated with sequentially different speed ratios between roller circumferential speed and wheel circumferential speed, characterised in that the grinding wheel is profiled initially with a first circumferential speed ratio between roller and grinding wheel of smaller than 1, and is then sharpened using a second ratio of at least almost 1.
2. Process according to claim 1, characterised in that the roller used is a roller with a diamond grain.
3. Process according to claim 1, characterised in that for the second ratio, the roller-to-wheel advance motion selected is so small that only the roller grain, but not the roller binding material for the grain comes into contact with the grinding wheel.
4. Process according to claim 1, characterised in that approx. 0.75 or less is chosen as the first ratio.
5. Process according to claim 1, characterised in that the sharpened grinding wheel, after being used for grinding, is re-dressed using a third ratio which is smaller than the second ratio, in order to prepare the grinding wheel for fine grinding.
6. Apparatus for dressing grinding wheels for a machine with a drive for a dressing roller and a drive for a grinding wheel for carrying out the process according to claim 1, characterised in that a control arrangement is provided for sequentially and automatically controlling the roller and/or grinding wheel speed for at least two pre-settable ratios of their circumferential speeds.
7. Apparatus according to claim 6, whereby the dressing roller can be advanced towards the grinding wheel on the machine, characterised in that detection means (63) are provided for that roller advance motion which (AD) corresponds to a diameter reduction of the grinding wheel (61) during dressing, and in that a first comparator unit (65) is connected on the input side with the detection means (63), on the output side with a first ratio control unit (67) for the circumferential speed ratio between roller and wheel and also with a second comparator unit (69), and in that the first comparator unit (65) connects the detection means (63) with the first ratio control unit (67) so long as the detected value (AD) is smaller than or equal to a pre-settable first threshold value (b.D1), in order to activate this ratio control unit (67) and to control it, and in that the first comparator unit (65) connects the detection means (63) alternatively with the second comparator unit (69) which in turn is connected on the output side with a second ratio control unit (71) and a switch unit (73), and which, when the detected value (AD) is smaller than or equal to a pre-settable second threshold value (AD2), switches the detection means (63) through to the second ratio control unit (71) for activation and control and otherwise onto the switch unit (73) which, then activated resets at least the roller advance (55).
8. Apparatus according to claim 7 on a grinding machine with a vertical feed drive for the grinding wheel, characterised in that the switch unit (73), at the same time as resetting the roller advance on the machine, activates a grinding process control unit (77) for the grinding wheel drive (51) and the vertical feed drive (79) for the grinding wheel (61).
9. Apparatus according to claim 8, characterised in that detection means (81) are provided for the amount of vertical advance on the machine, which are connected with a third comparator unit (83), and in that this unit then interrupts the grinding process of the machine and resumes the dressing process by resetting the switch unit (73), when the detected amount of vertical advance (AV) is larger than or equal to a pre-settable threshold value (Vo), and that said comparator unit then closes a switch (85) between the detection means (63) for the roller advance and a third ratio control unit (87).
EP81110024A 1980-12-11 1981-12-01 Method of dressing grinding wheels and device therefor Expired EP0054214B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT81110024T ATE12603T1 (en) 1980-12-11 1981-12-01 PROCESS FOR PREPARATION OF GRINDING WHEELS AND DEVICE FOR ITS PERFORMANCE.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH9161/80 1980-12-11
CH916180 1980-12-11

Publications (2)

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EP0054214A1 EP0054214A1 (en) 1982-06-23
EP0054214B1 true EP0054214B1 (en) 1985-04-10

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EP81110024A Expired EP0054214B1 (en) 1980-12-11 1981-12-01 Method of dressing grinding wheels and device therefor

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US (1) US4458660A (en)
EP (1) EP0054214B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS57168863A (en)
AT (1) ATE12603T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3169891D1 (en)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2193127A (en) * 1986-08-01 1988-02-03 Unicorn Ind Plc Dressing of grinding wheels
GB2343133A (en) * 1998-09-09 2000-05-03 Renold Plc Dressing grinding wheels
JP2000237957A (en) * 1999-02-22 2000-09-05 Hitachi Seiki Co Ltd Grinding machine
JP3844420B2 (en) * 2000-09-04 2006-11-15 株式会社牧野フライス製作所 Machining center and its tool change method
AT412197B (en) * 2002-11-22 2004-11-25 Lisec Peter DEVICE FOR MACHINING MATERIAL PANELS
ITMO20100070A1 (en) * 2010-03-17 2011-09-18 Giuseppe Soli MACHINE FOR CUTTING AND / OR PROFILING OF SUBSTANTIALLY LASTRIFORM FACTORIES
CN103894930B (en) * 2014-04-18 2016-04-20 环球石材（福建）有限公司 A kind of shaping and reconditioning special equipment of emery wheel

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USRE24448E (en) * 1958-04-01 Method of grinding
US2664681A (en) * 1948-07-19 1954-01-05 Robert J Hood Method of dressing diamond wheels
FR1070546A (en) * 1952-10-31 1954-07-28 Diamant Boart Sa Grinding wheel grinding method and device for implementing this method
US2877758A (en) * 1954-01-06 1959-03-17 Sheffield Cleveland Corp Machine tool
US2775078A (en) * 1955-06-17 1956-12-25 Ncr Co Method and apparatus for forming grinding wheels
US3006332A (en) * 1958-10-10 1961-10-31 Norton Co Powered rotary truing device
FR1316314A (en) * 1962-02-28 1963-01-25 Herminghausen Werke G M B H Method and device for repeatedly dressing the grinding wheel of precision grinding machines, in particular centerless machines for grinding cylindrical surfaces
US3204628A (en) * 1963-05-08 1965-09-07 Magerle Karl Grinding device having integrally mounted means for profiling the grinding wheel
US3584616A (en) * 1968-08-08 1971-06-15 Landis Tool Co Truing mechanism for grinding wheels
US3695249A (en) * 1970-08-12 1972-10-03 Henry F Swenson Grinding wheel dressing apparatus
DE2321477C3 (en) * 1973-04-27 1979-11-15 Ernst Winter & Sohn, 2000 Hamburg Method and device for dressing and sharpening grinding wheels
GB1440868A (en) * 1974-04-29 1976-06-30 Winter & Sohn Ernst Method of and apparatus for dressing and sharpening grinding wheels
JPS5834257B2 (en) * 1978-04-27 1983-07-26 豊田工機株式会社 Grindstone dressing method and device using rotary dresser
US4222362A (en) * 1979-04-02 1980-09-16 Litton Industrial Products, Inc. Speed control for a rotary dressing wheel

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0054214A1 (en) 1982-06-23
US4458660A (en) 1984-07-10
DE3169891D1 (en) 1985-05-15
ATE12603T1 (en) 1985-04-15
JPS57168863A (en) 1982-10-18

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