EP0051375B1 - Anti-materiel projectile - Google Patents

Anti-materiel projectile Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0051375B1
EP0051375B1 EP81304816A EP81304816A EP0051375B1 EP 0051375 B1 EP0051375 B1 EP 0051375B1 EP 81304816 A EP81304816 A EP 81304816A EP 81304816 A EP81304816 A EP 81304816A EP 0051375 B1 EP0051375 B1 EP 0051375B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
projectile
frangible
body portion
impact
projectile according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81304816A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0051375A3 (en
EP0051375A2 (en
Inventor
Fritz K Feldmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Pacific Technica Corp
Original Assignee
Pacific Technica Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Pacific Technica Corp filed Critical Pacific Technica Corp
Priority to AT81304816T priority Critical patent/ATE40004T1/de
Publication of EP0051375A2 publication Critical patent/EP0051375A2/en
Publication of EP0051375A3 publication Critical patent/EP0051375A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0051375B1 publication Critical patent/EP0051375B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
    • F42B12/367—Projectiles fragmenting upon impact without the use of explosives, the fragments creating a wounding or lethal effect
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/04—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type
    • F42B12/06—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type with hard or heavy core; Kinetic energy penetrators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/20—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type
    • F42B12/22—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type with fragmentation-hull construction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/72—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material
    • F42B12/74—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the core or solid body

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an anti-materiel projectile.
  • Ground-based air defence gun systems of 20 mm and larger calibers presently in service employ conventional high explosive projectiles for defeating a target.
  • high explosive projectiles have good terminal effectiveness against aircraft, their inherent exterior ballistic performance is such as to result in poor hit probability in employment against high speed aircraft.
  • High explosive projectiles contain a fuse mechanism and a high explosive filler. These components are rather voluminous and of low weight, thus adversely restricting the sectional density of the projectile.
  • the resultant ballistic coefficient is such as to induce a high degree of velocity decay as a function of range and correspondingly long time of flight.
  • the long time of flight requires very large lead angles and super elevation angles. In the case of advanced ground-support aircraft, these angles are of such magnitudes that even with the use of sophisticated fire control systems the resultant hit probabilities are inadequate.
  • High velocity projectiles with short times of flight are essential for achievement of high hit probabilities regardless of the degree of sophistication of fire control system.
  • the desired short times of flight can be attained through the use of sabot-launched subcaliber projectiles having a high muzzle velocity as described in U.S. Patent No. 3,714,900, "Discarding Sabot Projectiles".
  • the subcaliber projectiles should have a high sectional density, i.e. should consist of a high density material, such as a tungsten alloy for example, having a density of approximately 16 to 19 g/cm 3 .
  • GB-A-538268 (1941) describes a projectile for use against armor which is intended to shatter on impact in a manner simulating an explosion. It is suggested that the projectile be made of a metal of the iron group or tungsten, tantalum or titanium either as pure metals or in the form of borides, carbides, nitrides or silicides, or mixtures or alloys of two or more of the above.
  • the principal example relates to powered tungsten carbide.
  • the material is described as being hard, brittle and of low impact strength. No mention is made of the importance of a high ratio of compressive strength to tensile strength.
  • Armor-piercing projectiles are of limited terminal effectiveness against soft targets such as high speed aircraft in that the projectile can hitthe target causing superficial damage without destroying it.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a projectile design characteristic enabling a projectile to be designed with a ballistic performance resulting in short times of flight and related high hit probabilities and simultaneously enabling a design providing the terminal ballistic effectiveness required to defeat aircraft and helicopter-type targets.
  • this invention is directed to ammunition for ground-based air defence systems in which a high density, frangible alloy used with a discarding-sabot projectile provides the desired terminal ballistics for the destruction of aircraft and similar battlefield targets.
  • the subcaliber projectile maintains the exterior ballistic efficiency and related high hit probability characteristics of subcaliber projectiles.
  • the novel concept eliminates the need for a fuse and high explosive commonly used in air-defence ammunition. Because of its effectiveness against a considerable variety of battlefield targets, including armor, the novel projectile has been named "anti-materiel projectile".
  • the damage to the aircraft due to the high speed fragments can be enhanced through the incorporation of pyrophoric metal components in the projectile such as zirconium, titanium, or depleted uranium alloy, which is also fractured and which then ignites due to the impact shock loads.
  • pyrophoric metal components in the projectile such as zirconium, titanium, or depleted uranium alloy, which is also fractured and which then ignites due to the impact shock loads.
  • the resultant exothermic reaction yielding fragments burning at the temperatures up to approximately 3000°C, induces pyrophoric effects capable of igniting a variety of combustibles such as gasoline and jet fuel, thereby contributing to the terminal effectiveness of the projectile.
  • a' projectile body consisting in part of a frangible material and in part of a high strength alloy.
  • Such composite projectiles permit the defeat of spaced multiple plate targets as represented, for example, by aircarft or helicopters equipped with armored cockpits or other protected components.
  • the preferred projectile of the invention has the following characteristics:-
  • the pyrophoric metal projectile tip is optional and may be omitted as in the case of very small caliber projectiles. In that case the entire subcaliber projectile consists of the high density frangible material as shown in Figure 1 incorporating the single element subcaliber projectile.
  • the frangible high density metal of the subcaliber projectile which is part of this invention provides specific strength properties to enable the desired operation.
  • the metal has the compressive strength to withstand the longitudinal acceleration experienced by the projectile upon firing from the gun. These accelerations may exceed 175,000 g's for a short duration requiring a compressive strength in excess of 15,000 kg/cm 2 .
  • the subcaliber projectile experiences an impact shock wave propagated rearward through the projectile.
  • the material experiences expansion. This expansion results in high tensile loads which lead to the fracturing of the material, a process referred to as spalling.
  • the tensile strength of the projectile material has to be sufficiently low, e.g. approximately 800 kg/cm 2 ,,or within ⁇ 10%.
  • the frangible material of the subcaliber projectile has specific physical and mechanical properties to enable successful operation.
  • its density should be high, preferably in the range of 17 to 19 g/cm 3 , to arrive at a high ballistic coefficient for efficient exterior ballistics performance characterised by short time of flight, flat trajectory and minimal velocity decay.
  • the material has to provide a high dynamic compressive strength to withstand the launch acceleration experienced in the gun.
  • the tensile strength of the material should be low to assure proper projectile fragmentation at reduced impact velocities against thin skinned aircraft structures.
  • the magnitude of the dynamic strength properties depend on the caliber and other specific parameters of the projectile-gun system. As an example, the characteristics for a typical 35 mm discarding-sabot air-defence projectile are listed below:
  • the desired unique properties can be attained using solid state, fusion sintered, commercial grade tungsten. Subsequent to sintering, the material is annealed prior to machining. In this state, the material has a high degree of brittleness and when exposed to an impact shock, as in the case of a projectile hitting a target, will disintegrate into fine fragment. A less thorough fragmentation, i.e. a disintegration into larger particles, can be attained through a lesser degree of annealing of the sintered tungsten prior to machining. Thus, the thoroughness of fragmentation can be controlled, within limits, by the degree of annealing and the related recrystallisation of the projectile material.
  • the sintered unalloyed tungsten materials described above have a density of approximately 19 g/cm 3 and their fragmentation characteristics are particularly suited for use in anti-aircraft projectiles ranging in caliber from 12.7 to 40 mm.
  • a fragmentation into larger particles than described above for the smaller calibers is desired. This is accomplished with an approximately 80% dense sintered tungsten subjected to copper infiltration.
  • the thus obtained copper infiltrated tungsten has a density of 16 g/cm 3 .
  • the material Upon impact on an aircraft target, the material disintegrates into randomly shaped fragments having major dimensions from approximately 2 to 8 millimeters.
  • frangible depleted uranium having the relative dynamic strength characteristics for compression and tension described above.
  • a projectile according to the present invention may include a conventional pyrophoric tracer 60 installed at its base as shown in Figure 9.
  • the area surrounding the tracer cavity is desirably reinforced.
  • the presence of the tracer cavity 62 results in substantial shear forces during launch acceleration which can exceed the strength properties of the frangible material.
  • a material combining the properties described earlier has a characteristically low notch sensitivity.
  • the projectile portion containing the tracer cavity 64 is made of a stronger material such as a conventional tungsten alloy, or equivalent.
  • the selection of a high strength tungsten alloy has the advantage the thus reinforced projectile portion 64 can be attached to the forward portion 66 of the projectile by brazing at the common interface 68.
  • the geometric shape of the interface 68 is not critical provided that it does not impose excessive shear loads into the projectile body portion 66 consisting of the frangible material.
  • Self-destruct is the final function of the projectile- borne fuse and is initiated at a certain time of flight corresponding to a range in excess of the effective range of the ammunition.
  • the objective of the self-destruct device is the destruction of projectiles which did not intercept the intended target prior to their impact on friendly soil.
  • a frangible projectile according to this invention has the advantage of requiring neither a fuse nor high explosive filler for its operation.
  • the pyrophoric tracer 60 can be used as a timer to initiate the break-up of the projectile as shown in Figure 10. Break-up is induced by a primer pellet 72 located at the end of the tracer cavity 62. The primer pellet 72 is ignited by the pyrophoric tracer 60 at the end of its burning cycle. The pressure pulse resulting from the combustion of the primer pellet is sufficient to induce the break-up of the frangible projectile body which is already in a prestressed condition due to the spinning motion of the projectile. Subsequent to break-up, the resultant fragments are dispersed and are decelerated by aerodynamic drag to a degree where they cease to be a hazard.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
  • Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
  • Hydrogenated Pyridines (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
  • Steroid Compounds (AREA)
  • Coating Apparatus (AREA)
  • Containers And Packaging Bodies Having A Special Means To Remove Contents (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
  • Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)
EP81304816A 1980-11-05 1981-10-15 Anti-materiel projectile Expired EP0051375B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT81304816T ATE40004T1 (de) 1980-11-05 1981-10-15 Geschoss zum vernichten von militaermaterial.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US20187180A 1980-11-05 1980-11-05
US201871 1980-11-05

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0051375A2 EP0051375A2 (en) 1982-05-12
EP0051375A3 EP0051375A3 (en) 1982-09-01
EP0051375B1 true EP0051375B1 (en) 1989-01-11

Family

ID=22747637

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81304816A Expired EP0051375B1 (en) 1980-11-05 1981-10-15 Anti-materiel projectile

Country Status (12)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0051375B1 (el)
JP (1) JPS57164299A (el)
AT (1) ATE40004T1 (el)
AU (2) AU545632B2 (el)
CA (1) CA1202210A (el)
DE (1) DE3176969D1 (el)
DK (1) DK150257C (el)
ES (2) ES8303679A1 (el)
GR (1) GR76297B (el)
IL (1) IL64115A (el)
NO (1) NO813733L (el)
TR (1) TR21751A (el)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3821474C1 (de) * 1988-06-25 1998-08-27 Nwm De Kruithoorn Bv Unterkalibriges, drallstabilisiertes Mehrzweckgeschoß
DE19700349C2 (de) * 1997-01-08 2002-02-07 Futurtec Ag Geschoß oder Gefechtskopf zur Bekämpfung gepanzerter Ziele
US8075715B2 (en) 2004-03-15 2011-12-13 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Reactive compositions including metal
US8122833B2 (en) 2005-10-04 2012-02-28 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Reactive material enhanced projectiles and related methods
US8568541B2 (en) 2004-03-15 2013-10-29 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Reactive material compositions and projectiles containing same
USRE45899E1 (en) 2000-02-23 2016-02-23 Orbital Atk, Inc. Low temperature, extrudable, high density reactive materials

Families Citing this family (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4970960A (en) * 1980-11-05 1990-11-20 Feldmann Fritz K Anti-material projectile
US4458599A (en) * 1981-04-02 1984-07-10 Gte Products Corporation Frangible tungsten penetrator
ATE23632T1 (de) * 1981-08-31 1986-11-15 Gte Prod Corp Mehrkomponenten-wuchtgeschoss.
US4836108A (en) * 1981-08-31 1989-06-06 Gte Products Corporation Material for multiple component penetrators and penetrators employing same
DE3208809A1 (de) * 1982-03-11 1983-09-22 L'Etat Français représenté par le Délégué Général pour l'Armement, 75997 Paris Panzerbrechendes wuchtgeschoss (penetrator)
DE3242591A1 (de) * 1982-11-18 1984-05-24 Rheinmetall GmbH, 4000 Düsseldorf Unterkalibriges wuchtgeschoss grossen laenge/durchmesser-verhaeltnisses
EP0156948B1 (de) * 1983-10-28 1989-08-16 Rheinmetall GmbH Flügelstabilisiertes Unterkalibergeschoss grossen Länge/Durchmesser-Verhältnisses
DE3532776A1 (de) * 1985-09-13 1992-04-09 Rheinmetall Gmbh Unterkalibriges, drallstabilisiertes mehrzweckgeschoss
US4961384A (en) * 1986-02-18 1990-10-09 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Hypervelocity penetrator for an electromagnetic accelerator
US4961382A (en) * 1986-05-27 1990-10-09 Motorola, Inc. Penetrating projectile having a self-destructing piercing front end
NO163466C (no) * 1987-05-21 1990-05-30 Oerlikon Buehrle Ag Prosjektil med en prosjektilkjerne og en drivspeilmantel.
FR2619900A1 (fr) * 1987-08-26 1989-03-03 Stribling Gerald Projectile non explosif pour la lutte contre les cibles legeres
DE3803231A1 (de) * 1988-02-04 1989-08-17 Rheinmetall Gmbh Unterkalibriges treibkaefiggeschoss
NO891580L (no) * 1988-05-24 1989-11-27 Oerlikon Buehrle Ag Prosjektilkjerne for et drivspeilprosjektil.
DE3827739A1 (de) * 1988-08-16 1990-02-22 Rheinmetall Gmbh Treibkaefig fuer ein drallstabilisiertes geschoss
IT1400621B1 (it) * 2010-05-13 2013-06-14 Oto Melara Spa Sistema di comunicazione dati ad una spoletta di un'arma da fuoco.
CN114485289B (zh) * 2022-01-11 2023-10-10 宁波大学 反陶瓷复合装甲枪弹

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB538268A (en) * 1939-11-10 1941-07-28 Martin Littmann Improvements in projectiles for military weapons
US2724334A (en) * 1949-12-12 1955-11-22 William C Norton High velocity armor piercing shot
LU36782A1 (el) * 1959-01-19
GB1095992A (en) * 1959-04-14 1967-12-20 Secr Defence Improvements in or relating to projectiles
FR1370967A (fr) * 1962-09-18 1964-08-28 Kohlswa Jernverks Ab Perfectionnements apportés aux projectiles ou analogues du genre de ceux utilisables avec des armes permettant de percer des blindages, et aux procédés pour la réalisation de tels projectiles
US3302570A (en) * 1965-07-23 1967-02-07 Walter G Finch Armor piercing, fragmenting and incendiary projectile
CA1009508A (en) * 1974-03-22 1977-05-03 Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada As Represented By The Minister Of National Defence Of Her Majesty's Canadian Government Armour piercing bullets
NO137297C (no) * 1976-07-01 1978-02-01 Raufoss Ammunisjonsfabrikker Prosjektil.
GB2021739B (en) * 1978-05-24 1982-04-28 Oerlikon Buehrle Ag Spin-stabilised sabot projectile

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3821474C1 (de) * 1988-06-25 1998-08-27 Nwm De Kruithoorn Bv Unterkalibriges, drallstabilisiertes Mehrzweckgeschoß
DE19700349C2 (de) * 1997-01-08 2002-02-07 Futurtec Ag Geschoß oder Gefechtskopf zur Bekämpfung gepanzerter Ziele
US9103641B2 (en) 2000-02-23 2015-08-11 Orbital Atk, Inc. Reactive material enhanced projectiles and related methods
USRE45899E1 (en) 2000-02-23 2016-02-23 Orbital Atk, Inc. Low temperature, extrudable, high density reactive materials
US9982981B2 (en) 2000-02-23 2018-05-29 Orbital Atk, Inc. Articles of ordnance including reactive material enhanced projectiles, and related methods
US8075715B2 (en) 2004-03-15 2011-12-13 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Reactive compositions including metal
US8361258B2 (en) 2004-03-15 2013-01-29 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Reactive compositions including metal
US8568541B2 (en) 2004-03-15 2013-10-29 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Reactive material compositions and projectiles containing same
US8122833B2 (en) 2005-10-04 2012-02-28 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Reactive material enhanced projectiles and related methods

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES506852A0 (es) 1983-02-01
DK150257B (da) 1987-01-19
GR76297B (el) 1984-08-04
IL64115A (en) 1986-03-31
DK488481A (da) 1982-05-06
DK150257C (da) 1987-10-12
JPS6144240B2 (el) 1986-10-01
AU545632B2 (en) 1985-07-25
JPS57164299A (en) 1982-10-08
AU569396B2 (en) 1988-01-28
EP0051375A3 (en) 1982-09-01
ES275493U (es) 1984-06-01
AU7590781A (en) 1982-05-13
ES275493Y (es) 1985-01-01
TR21751A (tr) 1985-06-03
ES8303679A1 (es) 1983-02-01
DE3176969D1 (en) 1989-02-16
AU4225585A (en) 1985-09-05
NO813733L (no) 1982-05-06
CA1202210A (en) 1986-03-25
EP0051375A2 (en) 1982-05-12
ATE40004T1 (de) 1989-01-15

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