EP0051008B1 - Verfahren zum trägen verzögerten, ununterbrochenen Kühlen vonGetreide - Google Patents

Verfahren zum trägen verzögerten, ununterbrochenen Kühlen vonGetreide Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0051008B1
EP0051008B1 EP81401565A EP81401565A EP0051008B1 EP 0051008 B1 EP0051008 B1 EP 0051008B1 EP 81401565 A EP81401565 A EP 81401565A EP 81401565 A EP81401565 A EP 81401565A EP 0051008 B1 EP0051008 B1 EP 0051008B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
grain
column
silo
drying
air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81401565A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0051008A1 (de
EP0051008B2 (de
Inventor
Gérard Book
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Secemia - Europeenne De Constructions Electro-Mecaniques Industrielles Et Agricoles SA Ste
Original Assignee
Secemia - Europeenne De Constructions Electro-Mecaniques Industrielles Et Agricoles SA Ste
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Application filed by Secemia - Europeenne De Constructions Electro-Mecaniques Industrielles Et Agricoles SA Ste filed Critical Secemia - Europeenne De Constructions Electro-Mecaniques Industrielles Et Agricoles SA Ste
Priority to AT81401565T priority Critical patent/ATE4840T1/de
Publication of EP0051008A1 publication Critical patent/EP0051008A1/de
Publication of EP0051008B1 publication Critical patent/EP0051008B1/de
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B17/00—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement
    • F26B17/12—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed solely by gravity, i.e. the material moving through a substantially vertical drying enclosure, e.g. shaft
    • F26B17/14—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed solely by gravity, i.e. the material moving through a substantially vertical drying enclosure, e.g. shaft the materials moving through a counter-current of gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
    • F26B3/02—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air
    • F26B3/14—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the materials or objects to be dried being moved by gravity
    • F26B3/16—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the materials or objects to be dried being moved by gravity in a counter-flow of the gas or vapour

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process and to an installation for the delayed slow cooling of the grain continuously as well as to such an installation associated with one or more driers.
  • this method however has a certain number of drawbacks. Indeed, it requires the use of several silos equipped with a delayed slow cooling system to follow the functional rhythm of a continuous dryer.
  • the control the control of the operation must be rigorous to respect the necessary phases, which requires the training of specialized personnel who must also pay particular attention to the work.
  • the object of the invention is to remedy the drawbacks of the known method.
  • the invention is materialized, for this purpose, in a slow delayed cooling process of the hot incurs grain and still charged with excess moisture taken from a dryer, consisting in ensuring the progressive descent of this grain inside at least a column, first in non-ventilated conditions, then after a descent time corresponding to the time necessary for drying the internal moisture of the grain, to ensure the ventilation of this grain to complete drying and cooling while said grain continues its downward progression inside the column, and taking the dried and cooled gain from the column.
  • the general known method of delayed slow cooling is implemented continuously during the progression of the grain in the same column, avoiding the drawbacks resulting from the storage capacity required according to the prior art.
  • the grain is subjected to a very precise treatment sequence, which differs from that of a dryer in that no heating of the grain occurs for drying and that this grain is subjected simply to a time of rest or drying, then to a cooling ventilation.
  • This process combines the advantages resulting from the removal from a drier of a grain which is not yet dried to the required degree and still hot, with the gain in throughput and the reduction in energy consumption associated therewith, and those resulting from drying. more complete and longer grain, with the advantages of continuous treatment in a device of much smaller dimensions compared to existing installations.
  • the grain is ventilated during its progression in the column by the passage of air against the current with respect to the direction of progression of the grain. It is thus possible, according to the invention, to admit air in the vicinity of the point of exit of the grain relative to the column, that is to say at the place where the grain is already sufficiently cooled, which avoids the thermal shock of the grain, reducing cracks.
  • the pressure of the grain is ventilated, ensuring the admission of cold air in the vicinity of the point of exit of the grain relative to the column and the evacuation of the air at a level intermediate of this column, chosen according to the drying time required.
  • This energy recovery can be done in any desired way, for example by means of a heat exchanger, with condensation of the humidity contained in the air.
  • Yet another advantage of the process according to the invention lies in the fact that the homogeneity of the dried grain is improved as a result of its regular and continuous progression in the column. Changes in contact are then established between the grains with respect to the neighboring grains, which promotes exchanges with the air and consequently increases the efficiency of ventilation.
  • the invention also relates to an installation for implementing this process, characterized in that it comprises at least one vertical column through which the grain passes, means for ensuring the admission of the still hot grain coming from a dryer to the upper part of this column in order to keep it always filled, means provided at the base of the column for ensuring the extraction of the dried and cooled grain, means for the admission of cold ventilation air towards the base of said column column, and means for the outlet of this ventilation air at an intermediate level over the height of the column, so that the grain undergoes in this column a displacement in principle continuous towards the bottom, first with a drying of the humidity in the upper part of the column, then ventilation completing its drying and cooling in the lower part of this column.
  • dryers of this type are intended for a completely different treatment of the grain, and on the other hand include various means of intake and exhaust of hot air at different levels on the height of the column, so that the combination of means forming the subject of the invention, providing the technical result which it provides, is neither described nor carried out in the prior art.
  • the delayed slow cooling column of the grain is constituted by a cooling silo of modular structure.
  • This silo can then be supplied with grain from one or more driers, means being provided to keep it constantly filled.
  • Such a multi-cone system ensures this extraction in a regular principle in the whole of the straight section of the silo and consequently a descent of the grain in it by horizontal layers.
  • the means ensuring the extraction of the grain at the base of the column may include pneumatically or other hatches, programmed in an appropriate manner, or else devices such as conveyor screws.
  • This screw can itself be connected to a high-speed collecting screw which ensures the evacuation of the grain downstream of the installation, for example for its storage.
  • a tube starting from the base of each cone can lead directly into the sheath of a discharge conveyor screw, with the interposition of a lock, of a register or of a similar device associated with means of flow regulation to control the grain discharge flow through this tube.
  • the combination of two screws to form the extractor system constitutes a substantially sealed assembly, which ensures that the seal is maintained during extraction.
  • each module is profiled so as to provide a passage and distribution sheath increase of the cold air admitted, combined with means of entry of this air into the lower part of the grain.
  • an air distribution duct can be provided between the conical or pyramidal outlets directed downwards and caps or deflectors can be placed above the upper perforated part of this sheath to allow the transfer of air to the grain, without penetration of the latter inside the sheath.
  • Each sheath can be made judiciously in the manner of a beam supporting the gain of the silo.
  • the invention also relates to a composite installation comprising one or more driers and a column for slow, delayed, continuous cooling of the grain as described above, as well as means connecting the base of the drier (s) to the top of this column for feeding it with grain, in such a way that the gain, still hot and still insufficiently dried, sampled in the dryers, undergoes in this slow delayed continuous cooling column first a drying stage without ventilation, then a cooling ventilation.
  • FIGs. 1 and 2 there is shown in Figs. 1 and 2 an embodiment of a slow delayed cooling installation of the continuous grain according to the invention.
  • This installation comprises a silo generally designated by the reference 1, having a modular construction and providing chambers or columns 2 for cooling the grain.
  • This silo is combined at its upper part with a grain feed device, indicated diagrammatically at 3 in FIGS. 1 and 2, capable of bringing grain to the silo from a grain dryer for example.
  • a grain feed device indicated diagrammatically at 3 in FIGS. 1 and 2
  • a duct system 7 forming an air collector which intercepts and evacuates towards the outside at 6 (Fig. 2) the drying and cooling air having entered the silo by sheaths 4.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 There is shown in more detail in FIGS. 3 and 4 the lower part of the silo, with the air intake means.
  • FIGs. 3 and 4 show a module generally designated by 8, with its support posts 9 and four cones directed towards the gas for the exit of the grain, the exit orifices being indicated at 10a.
  • the central part of the module is formed by the air inlet sheath 4, which constitutes a beam supporting the weight of the grain which is in the silo.
  • Side parts 11 also constituting support beams complete the modular structure of the base of this silo.
  • the upper part of the central sheath 4 has the shape of a roof, and there are provided towards the top of this part air outlet orifices, 12.
  • This part provided with orifices 12 is covered with a cap 13 supported at a certain distance from the sheath 4 of such an outlet that, as indicated by arrows in particular in FIG. 4, the air passing through this sheath 4 and exiting through the orifices 12 is deflected by the cap 13 to go up inside the grain substantially at the right of the flow orifices 10a of the discharge cones of the module.
  • the sheath 4 ensuring the routing of the air in a module communicates with the sheath 4 of the next module after the assembly of the modules, by rectangular orifices formed in the end flanks of the base, visible at 14 in FIG. . 2. This communication appears in FIG. 1.
  • this structure supports the grain, avoiding a conventional beam with H and H profiles. It also allows simultaneous extraction by multi-cones in the entire horizontal cross section of the silo, in a way ensuring a descent of the grain in horizontal layers, which subjects all the fractions of the grain to uniform slow cooling. Finally, by the ducts and caps described, it constitutes a ventilation and air injection network in the grain, with a direct distribution from one module to another.
  • each orifice 10a of an extraction cone 10 is extended downwards by a tube 1 5 to which another tube 16 is connected with the interposition of a flexible and leaktight seal 17 which allows deformations while preventing leaks of air.
  • This tube 16 is in turn connected by a versatile connector 18 to a first sheath 19 in which is mounted a conveyor screw rotating at low speed.
  • the speed of rotation of this screw is regulated by a motor-variator which can be for example of mechanical or electronic type, which makes possible a precise dosage of the extraction of the grain.
  • this first sheath 19 There is provided, below this first sheath 19, another sheath 20 connected to the previous one by fittings 21 and in which is mounted a high-flow collecting conveyor screw, ensuring the evacuation of the grain for example to a post of storage.
  • This arrangement of the extraction and evacuation system makes it possible to obtain a low overall height and it can be supported by bases as indicated at 22 in FIG. 5. This low height results in an appreciable gain on the cost of the posts and the bracing irons are avoided because of the embedding of the side doors over the entire height of the bases.
  • a two-screw extraction system of this type constitutes a substantially sealed extractor, which maintains the seal during extraction.
  • Figs. 1 and 2 the grain embankment coming from a dryer and brought in by the feed device 3 is indicated at 23.
  • the silo is filled with grain over its entire height. It is easy to see that it takes place through the cones 10 and tubes 15, 16, at the base of the silo, a sample of a certain amount of grain, depending on the speed of the screws 19. The mass of the grain then undergoes in from silo a progressive movement downwards in horizontal layers.
  • the screw speed can be adjusted according to the required residence time of the grain in the silo.
  • the fans 5 send the entire base of the silo, via the ducts 4, cold air ensuring the cooling and the end of the drying of the grain.
  • This air which enters the base of the silo rises inside the grain mass and is intercepted and evacuated to the outside by the duct system 7 located at an intermediate level.
  • the grain in the upper part of the silo, the grain is not subjected to the effect of drying air. It therefore undergoes during its entire downward progression in the upper part of the silo a drying effect of internal humidity, similar to that obtained during its rest in a cell.
  • a drying effect of internal humidity similar to that obtained during its rest in a cell.
  • a tube 30 is connected to the base of the orifice 10a of the cone 10, this tube being here in two parts with the interposition of a flexible seal 24.
  • This tube 23 is extended downwards by a nozzle 25 connecting to a lock body 26.
  • An outlet nozzle 27 starting from this lock body 26 joins the sheath 28 of a collecting screw.
  • a rotary lock of known type is mounted in the lock body 26. It is rotated by a shaft 29 whose speed is adjusted as a function of the output flow of the grain and consequently of the residence time of the grain in the silo .
  • the means for removing the grain could be constituted by valves, pneumatic with register, which can be controlled all together or one after the other according to an opening rhythm determined here again as a function of the required residence time. for the grain inside the silo.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
  • Adjustment And Processing Of Grains (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)

Claims (12)

1. Verfahren zum trägen verzögerten Kühlen von noch warmem und noch mit Überschußfeuchtigkeit beladenem Getreide, das einem Trockner entnommen wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man das Getreide im Innern mindestens einer Säule zunächst ohne Belüftung herabgleiten läßt, daß nach einer der für das Austrocknen oder Ausschwitzen der inneren Feuchtigkeit des Getreides erforderlichen entsprechenden Zeit das Getreide zur Vervollständigung der Trocknung und zu Kühlung belüftet wird, während das Getreide sich im Innern der Säule weiter nach unten bewegt, und daß das getrocknete und gekühlte Getreide der Säule entnommen wird.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Belüftung des Getreides während seiner Fortbewegung in der Säule im Gegenstrom zu seiner Fortbewegungsrichtung erfolgt.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Belüftung des Getreides durch Einleiten kühler Luft in die Säule in der Nähe des Austrittspunktes des Getreides und durch Abziehen der Luft bei einem Zwischenniveau der Säule erfolgt, welches Zwischenniveau in Abhängigkeit der für die Trocknung erforderlichen Zeit gewählt wird.
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die in der aus der Säule abgezogenen Luft enthaltene Wärmeenergie wiedergewonnen wird.
5. Einrichtung zum Durchführen des Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie folgendes aufweist: mindestens eine vertikale, von dem Getreide durchlaufene Säule, Mittel zum Zuführen von Getreide in den oberen Teil der Säule, um diese stets gefüllt zu halten, Mittel an der Säulenbasis zur Entnahme des getrockneten und gekühlten Getreides- Mittel zum Einleiten kühler Belüftungsluft in den Bereichen der Säulenbasis und Mittel zum Ableiten der zur Belüftung dienenden Luft bei einem Zwischenniveau der Säule, so daß das Getreide in der Säule eine im Prinzip kontinuierliche Bewegung nach unten ausführt, wobei zuerst ein Austrocknen oder Ausschwitzen im oberen Teil der Säule und dann eine die Trocknung und Kühlung vervollständigende Belüftung im unteren Teil Der Säule stattfindet.
6. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die das Getreide aufnehmende Säule aus einem Silo mit Modularstruktur besteht.
7. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß an der Basis der Säule oder des Silos ein Mehrtrichtersystem zur gleichzeitigen Entnahme des Getreides über die Basis vorgesehen ist, im Prinzip über die gesamte horizontale Querschnittsfläche der Säule oder des Silos, daß jeder Entnahmetrichter mit einem Rohr, das vorzugsweise ein zwfschengeschaltetes flexibles Aüsgleichsgelenk aufweist, verbunden ist, da das Rohr in ein oberes Mantelrohr mündet, in dem sich eine Förderschnecke mit geringem Durchsatz befindet, daß das Mantelrohr selbst in mindestens einem Punkt und vorzugsweise in mehreren Punkten an ein unteres Entleerungshüllrohr angeschlossen ist, das eine Förderschnecke für großen Durchsatz enthält.
8. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Mittel zur Regelung der Geschwindigkeit und des Durchsatzes der Förderschnecken vorgesehen sind.
9. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß an der Basis der Säule oder des Silos ein Mehrtrichtersystem zur gleichzeitigen Entnahme des Getriedes über die Basis vorgesehen ist, im Prinzip über die gesamte horizontale Querschnittsfläche der Säule oder des Silos, daß jeder Entnahmetrichter mit einem eine Förderschnecke zur Entmahme enthaltenden Mantelrohr über ein Rohrsystem verbunden ist, in das eine Schleuse oder eine äquivalente Vorrichtung geschaltet ist, und daß Mittel zur Regelung des Durchsatzes durch die Schleuse oder der analogen Vorrichtung vorgesehen sind.
-10. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Basis des Silos in Modularbauweise aus einem selbsttragenden Aufbau besteht, der für jeden Baumodul folgendes aufweist: einen Luftzufuhrkanal, der einer Träger darstellt, der in seinem oberen Teil mit Luftaustrittsöffnungen versehen und in einem gewissen Abstand mit einer Haube bedeckt ist, durch die die Luft in Richtung der Entnahmetrichter umgelenkt wird, wobei der Träger und die Haube das Getreide tragen, das die Säule oder das Silo füllt.
11. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß für die Luftzufuhrkanäle Verbindungen zwischen den verschiedenen Baumodülen vorgesehen sind, im Hinblick auf eine gleichförmige Verteilung der Luft über den gesamten horizontalen Querschnitt der Säule oder des Silos.
12. Zusammengesetzte Einrichtung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie eine oder mehrere Trockner und eine Säule zum langsamen verzögerten, ununterbrochenen Kühlen von Getreide nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 10 umfaßt, sowie Mittel zur Verbindung der Basis des Trockners bzw. der Trockner mit dem Kopf der Säule, um diese mit Getreide zu beaufschlagen, so daß das noch warme und noch nicht ausreichend getrocknete Getreide, das von dem Trockner bzw. von den Trocknern abgezogen wird in der Säule zur langsamen verzögerten, ununterbrochenen Kühlung zunächst ein Trocknen oder Ausschwitzen ohne Belüftung, dann eine Belüftungskühlung erfährt.
EP81401565A 1980-10-09 1981-10-09 Verfahren zum trägen verzögerten, ununterbrochenen Kühlen vonGetreide Expired EP0051008B2 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT81401565T ATE4840T1 (de) 1980-10-09 1981-10-09 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum traegen verzoegerten, ununterbrochenen kuehlen von getreide.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8021590 1980-10-09
FR8021590A FR2491723A1 (fr) 1980-10-09 1980-10-09 Procede et installation pour le refroidissement lent differe du grain en continu

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0051008A1 EP0051008A1 (de) 1982-05-05
EP0051008B1 true EP0051008B1 (de) 1983-09-28
EP0051008B2 EP0051008B2 (de) 1988-03-30

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EP81401565A Expired EP0051008B2 (de) 1980-10-09 1981-10-09 Verfahren zum trägen verzögerten, ununterbrochenen Kühlen vonGetreide

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US4446630A (de)
EP (1) EP0051008B2 (de)
AT (1) ATE4840T1 (de)
BR (1) BR8106511A (de)
CA (1) CA1170419A (de)
DE (1) DE3161043D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2491723A1 (de)

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FR2605851B1 (fr) * 1986-11-05 1989-01-06 Secemia Procede et installation de traitement du grain sortant d'un sechoir, par refroidissement lent et extraction complementaire d'humidite
DE3639966A1 (de) * 1986-11-22 1988-06-01 Bergwerksverband Gmbh Wirbelschichtreaktor aus edelstahlgussgehaeuse
FR2705442B1 (fr) * 1993-05-13 1995-07-21 Calmon Olivier Dispositif de séchage en continu pour produits divisés en vrac.
US6202319B1 (en) * 2000-01-13 2001-03-20 Douglas Bening Grain dryer heat exchanger
US7568297B2 (en) * 2006-04-10 2009-08-04 Woodhaven Capital Corp. Grain drying aeration system
CN103628724B (zh) * 2013-12-04 2016-06-22 河南工业大学 一种旋转抛物面形的地下粮仓
US9950872B2 (en) 2015-11-30 2018-04-24 Superior Manufacturing LLC Bin sweep auger unplugging system
CN111377155A (zh) * 2020-04-03 2020-07-07 罗连巧 一种农业用谷物储存装置
US11644237B2 (en) 2020-09-18 2023-05-09 LAW Iberica S.A. Apparatus to process grain received from a dryer
US11304424B2 (en) 2020-09-18 2022-04-19 LAW Iberica S.A. Method and apparatus to process grain process grain received from a dryer

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US921395A (en) * 1908-01-28 1909-05-11 Hager Mfg Company Grain-cooler.
GB256500A (en) * 1925-09-11 1926-08-12 Albin Klingler Improvements in air distributing systems for drying kilns and the like
US1932830A (en) * 1927-09-03 1933-10-31 Koppers Co Inc Apparatus for heating coal or the like
FR821091A (fr) * 1937-01-30 1937-11-26 Thomas Robinson & Son Ltd Perfectionnements aux machines de séchage et de conditionnement pour céréales
FR912848A (fr) * 1944-03-21 1946-08-21 Gebru Der Bu Hler Sécheur à cuve
GB647490A (en) * 1945-07-19 1950-12-13 Erie Mining Co Heat-treating solids
US2560141A (en) * 1948-06-21 1951-07-10 James F Tipps Means for cooling and drying grain and seed
US3302297A (en) * 1964-09-09 1967-02-07 Douglas L Graham Drying apparatus and method
US3710449A (en) * 1971-01-06 1973-01-16 Gear Co M W Grain dryer with improved grain deflector
US3721017A (en) * 1971-05-10 1973-03-20 L Niems Apparatus for cooling particles
US3701203A (en) * 1971-11-22 1972-10-31 Andersons The Particulate material drying apparatus
US4020561A (en) * 1975-12-17 1977-05-03 Mathews B C Method and apparatus for drying grain
DE2744449C2 (de) * 1976-10-05 1985-05-23 Westlake Agricultural Engineering Inc., St. Marys, Ontario Vorrichtung zur Steuerung der Strömung von körnigem Gut durch einen Trocknungsturm

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2491723B1 (de) 1984-11-09
DE3161043D1 (en) 1983-11-03
BR8106511A (pt) 1982-06-29
ATE4840T1 (de) 1983-10-15
EP0051008A1 (de) 1982-05-05
CA1170419A (en) 1984-07-10
FR2491723A1 (fr) 1982-04-16
EP0051008B2 (de) 1988-03-30
US4446630A (en) 1984-05-08

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