EP0050710A1 - Installation d'injection de carburant - Google Patents

Installation d'injection de carburant Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0050710A1
EP0050710A1 EP81105545A EP81105545A EP0050710A1 EP 0050710 A1 EP0050710 A1 EP 0050710A1 EP 81105545 A EP81105545 A EP 81105545A EP 81105545 A EP81105545 A EP 81105545A EP 0050710 A1 EP0050710 A1 EP 0050710A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
valve
valve member
injection system
fuel injection
fuel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP81105545A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0050710B1 (fr
Inventor
Rudolf Babitzka
Walter Beck
Walter Schlagmüller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=6114997&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0050710(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP0050710A1 publication Critical patent/EP0050710A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0050710B1 publication Critical patent/EP0050710B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/0014—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means
    • F02M63/0015—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means electrical, e.g. using solenoid
    • F02M63/0026—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means electrical, e.g. using solenoid using piezoelectric or magnetostrictive actuators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M47/00—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • F02M47/02—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure of accumulator-injector type, i.e. having fuel pressure of accumulator tending to open, and fuel pressure in other chamber tending to close, injection valves and having means for periodically releasing that closing pressure
    • F02M47/027—Electrically actuated valves draining the chamber to release the closing pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M59/00—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
    • F02M59/20—Varying fuel delivery in quantity or timing
    • F02M59/36—Varying fuel delivery in quantity or timing by variably-timed valves controlling fuel passages to pumping elements or overflow passages
    • F02M59/366—Valves being actuated electrically
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B1/00—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression
    • F02B1/02—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition
    • F02B1/04—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition with fuel-air mixture admission into cylinder

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine according to the preamble of the main claim.
  • switching times 10 -3 seconds are achieved. It has been shown that the switching edges achieved here are not yet steep enough. In particular, the shortening of the spraying time has a lower limit.
  • the fuel injection system according to the invention for internal combustion engines with the characterizing features of the main claim has the advantage that it can achieve response times in the microsecond range.
  • the actuator consists of a column layered from piezoelectric disks, the column axis of which is at least almost perpendicular to the axis of movement of the valve member.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first exemplary embodiment of a fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 show two electrically controllable valves used in the injection system
  • FIG. 4 shows the course of the delivery volume
  • FIG. 5 shows the course of the control voltages for the electrically controllable valves
  • FIG. 6 shows the course of the stroke 7 the pressure curve in the injection system according to FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 8 the curve of the injection quantity in each case plotted against time
  • FIG. 9 a second exemplary embodiment of an injection system
  • FIG. 10 the curve of the control voltages used in the injection system according to FIG Valves
  • Figure 11 the stroke of the valves of the injection device according to Figure 9 and Figure 12, the control pressure curve in the injection system.
  • FIG. 1 of the drawing a first exemplary embodiment of a fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine is shown in a semi-schematic representation.
  • This fuel injection system essentially consists of five main parts: a fuel tank 1, approximately as a piston Pump-trained fuel delivery pump 2, an injection nozzle 3, a valve device consisting of two valves 4, 5 and an electronic control unit 6.
  • the pump 2 draws the fuel from the tank 1 and delivers it through a feed line 7 to the inlet bore 8 of the injection nozzle 3.
  • An overflow line 49 is connected to the feed line 7 and leads to the inlets 9 and 10 of the valves 4 and 5.
  • the injection nozzle 3 distributes and atomizes the fuel in the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine.
  • the injection nozzle is a liquid-controlled needle valve, the valve needle 11 of which is pressed onto the valve seat 13 by a spring 12. Above the nozzle opening 14 there is an annular space 15, into which the inlet bore 8 opens. The valve needle is lifted from its seat by the pressure prevailing in the annular space 15 as soon as the pressure forces exceed the forces of the spring 12.
  • the electrically controllable valve 4 is shown as a detail in FIG. 2. It has a housing 16 which has a valve bore 17. In the valve bore 17, a piston-like valve member 18 is tightly and slidably guided.
  • the inlet 10 is formed by a bore which has a larger diameter than the valve bore 17 running coaxially therewith. At the transition from the inlet 10 to the valve bore 17 a hollow conical seat 19 is formed. A conical sealing surface 20 cooperates with this seat, which is connected to a mushroom-shaped attachment of the valve member 18 is arranged. A compression spring 21, which is arranged in the valve bore 17 and is supported on the one hand on the end face of the valve member facing away from the sealing surface 20 and on the other hand on a stopper 22 which closes the mouth of the valve bore 17, holds the valve 4 in the open position shown in FIG.
  • An annular chamber 23, into which an outlet 24 opens, is arranged coaxially to the valve bore 17 at the inside of the end of the seat surface 19 facing away from the inlet 10.
  • a guide bore 25 opens at right angles to the direction of movement of the valve member 18, in which a clamping plunger 26 is movably arranged.
  • the clamping stamp 26 is part of an electrically controllable actuator 27.
  • the actuator 27 consists of several pi g zoelectric disks 29 layered to form a column 28, which are arranged in an insulating material housing 30.
  • the piezoelectric disks 29 are electrically connected in parallel and can be connected to DC voltage via supply lines 31, 32.
  • the column 28 is fastened to a cover 33 which closes a blind bore 34 in the housing 16.
  • the guide bore 25, in which the clamping punch 26 is located, opens into the bottom of the blind bore 34.
  • the distance between the outer surface of the valve member 18 and that is easy concave end face of the clamp 26 only a few thousandths of a millimeter in size. If a direct current is now applied to the feed line 31, 32, the pi g zoelectric disks 29 expand under the influence of the applied electric field with simultaneous contraction of their diameters in the direction of the column axis such that the clamping stamp 26 is displaced in the direction of the valve member 18 becomes.
  • the clamp 26 comes to rest on the outer surface of the valve member 18 and holds the valve member 18 against the opposite wall of the valve bore 17. Due to the high clamping force, the valve member 18 is held in frictional contact with the opposite wall of the valve bore in such a way that a Movement of the valve member is excluded.
  • the valve 5 shown in Figure 3 is also electrically controllable. It in turn has a housing 36 which has a valve bore 37. In the valve bore 37, a piston-like valve member 38, which has a conical sealing surface 40, is in turn guided in a sealed and sliding manner.
  • the sealing surface works together with a corresponding, hollow-conical seat 39.
  • the seat is arranged at the transition of the inlet 9 into the coaxially arranged valve bore 37, which has a larger diameter than the inlet 9.
  • annular chamber 43 is arranged coaxially with the valve bore 37, into which an outlet 44 of the valve 5 opens.
  • a compression spring 41 is supported, the other end of which rests on a stopper 42.
  • a guide bore 45 opens out again at right angles to the direction of movement of the valve member, in which a clamping plunger 46 is movably arranged.
  • the clamping plunger 46 is again part of an electrically controllable actuator 47, which corresponds entirely to the electrical actuator 27 of the valve according to FIG. 2.
  • a control voltage can also be applied to this actuator 47 via supply lines 51, 52.
  • the outputs 24, 44 of the valves 4, 5 forming the valve device of the fuel injection system shown in FIG. 1 are connected to a return line 55 which leads back to the tank 1.
  • the supply lines 31, 32 to the electrical actuator 27 of the valve 4 and the supply lines 51, 52 to the actuator 47 of the valve 5 are already mentioned electronic control unit 6 connected.
  • the electronic control unit supplies control voltages which depend, for example, on the intake manifold pressure, the engine speed and other correction variables.
  • the influencing variables are detected on the engine by mechanical-electrical transducers and input to the control unit in a manner known per se as electrical variables.
  • the transducers are, for example, injection triggers in the distributor, pressure sensors, temperature sensors, etc.
  • the function of the fuel injection system shown in FIG. 1 of the drawing is as follows: If the pump 2 is a piston pump used for example in an injection system for diesel engines, the volume flow indicated in FIG. 4 will result over time. Time t 1 to rise in the delivery volume flow of pump 2. At this time, the valve members 18, 38 of the valves 4, 5 are in the position shown in FIG. 1, in which - as can be seen in FIG. 5 - a control voltage is present at the points 27 and 37. At the same time, the valve member 18 of the valve 4 is in its maximum stroke position (curve s 4 in FIG. 6). The valve member 38 of the valve 5 is located on its seat 39, ie in the closed position, which corresponds to a zero stroke position (curve s 5 in FIG. 6).
  • the pump 2 it is of course also possible to design the pump 2 as a continuously delivering pump; operation from a memory would also be conceivable.
  • the second exemplary embodiment of a fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine shown in FIG. 9 of the drawing is equipped with a continuously delivering pump 62.
  • This fuel injection system also again consists of a fuel tank 6i, the pump 62, an injection nozzle 63, a valve device consisting of two valves 64, 65 and an electronic control unit 66.
  • the pump 62 conveys the fuel drawn from the tank 6 1 into a reservoir 60.
  • the reservoir 60 is in turn connected via a feed line 67 on the one hand to the inlet bore 68 of the injection nozzle 63 and on the other hand to the inlet 69 of the valve 65.
  • the injection nozzle 63 is also a liquid-controlled needle valve, the valve needle 7 i of which is held on the valve seat 73 by the control pressure acting on the rear of a control piston 72 connected to the needle 71.
  • An annular space 75, into which the inlet bore 68 opens, is again located above the nozzle opening 74.
  • the valve needle 71 is lifted from its seat due to the essentially constant pressure prevailing in the annular space 75 because of the storage volume 60 as soon as the forces exerted by the control pressure on the control piston 72 are below those in the ring room 75 fall on the valve needle 11, resulting from the storage pressure forces.
  • the electrically controllable valve 64 corresponds completely to the valve shown in FIG. 3.
  • the electrically controllable valve 65 also corresponds to the valve shown in FIG. 3 except for a modification which is explained in more detail below.
  • the reference numbers used in FIG. 3 are therefore used in the following description, insofar as there is agreement.
  • the inlet bore 69 of the valve 65 is connected to the accumulator 60.
  • the inlet bore 69 could be connected to another pressure source independent of the reservoir 60.
  • the outlet 84 of the valve 65 is connected to a control line 89 which opens into the space of the injection nozzle 63 in which the piston 72 is located.
  • the back of the valve member 38 of the valve 65 is pressure balanced via an adjustable throttle 85. (For the purpose of the valve shown in FIG. 3, only the plug 42 has to have a coaxial bore, via which the valve bore 37 can be connected to the outlet 84 via the throttle 85).
  • the actuator 47 ' which has a clamp 46', is connected to the electronic control device 66 via supply lines 51 ', 52'.
  • the control line 89 is in turn connected to the input 70 of the valve 64.
  • the valve 64 corresponds completely to the embodiment described in FIG. 3.
  • the outlet 9L of the valve 64 is connected to the tank 61 via a return line 95.
  • the valve 64 also has an electrically controllable actuator 47 "with a clamping plunger 46" which, like the valve 65, can clamp the valve member 38 "in its closed position.
  • the electrical actuator 47" is also connected to the via supply lines 51 ", 52" electronic control unit 66 connected.
  • the function of the fuel injection system shown in FIG. 9 is as follows: It is assumed that in the operating position shown in FIG. 9 there is zero p in the control line 89 (FIG. 12).
  • the pressure p s is, for example, approximately 200 bar.
  • the valve members 18; of the valve 65 and 38 "of the valve 64 are - since a control voltage U 65 and U 64 (FIG. 10) is present at the actuators 47 ', 47" - clamped in their closed position (curves s 64 and s 65 in FIG. 11). Since the effective area of the control piston 72 is larger than the hydraulically effective area of the valve needle 11 in the annular space 75, the valve needle 71 is held on the seat 73.
  • valve member 38 is very quickly lifted off its seat under the effect of the pressure p prevailing in the control line 89. Since the pressure force is already fully built up when the clamping force exerted by the actuator 47 "is released, a very steep switching edge of approximately 100 microseconds is also achieved with this valve. Since the control line 89 is now connected to the tank 61 via the return line 95, The pressure in the control line 98 drops to the value p0. Since the closing force acting on the control piston 72 is no longer present, the valve becomes needle 71 is lifted from the pressure prevailing in the annular space 75 and the fuel can pass through the opened nozzle opening 74 into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine.
  • valve member 38" of the valve 64 Under the force of the spring 41 ", the valve member 38" of the valve 64 is now pushed back into its seat, after which the control unit 66 is again a control device at the time t 2 . voltage is applied to the actuator 47 “. As a result, the valve member 38" is clamped in its closed position by the clamping ram 46 ".
  • the electronic control unit 66 now switches off the control voltage applied to the actuator 47 'of the valve 65.
  • the valve member 38 ' is now lifted from its seat against the force of the spring 41'.
  • the control pressure p s (FIG. 12) builds up again in the control line 89.
  • the valve needle 71 is now pressed back onto its seat 73. This is the end of the period in which the fuel was able to get into the combustion chamber from the injection nozzle 63 - the injection duration t 3 - t 1 -.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
EP81105545A 1980-10-23 1981-07-15 Installation d'injection de carburant Expired EP0050710B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3039967 1980-10-23
DE19803039967 DE3039967A1 (de) 1980-10-23 1980-10-23 Kraftstoffeinspritzanlage

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0050710A1 true EP0050710A1 (fr) 1982-05-05
EP0050710B1 EP0050710B1 (fr) 1984-04-11

Family

ID=6114997

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81105545A Expired EP0050710B1 (fr) 1980-10-23 1981-07-15 Installation d'injection de carburant

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4388908A (fr)
EP (1) EP0050710B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS5799266A (fr)
DE (2) DE3039967A1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2534318A1 (fr) * 1982-10-08 1984-04-13 Daimler Benz Ag Structure de soupape pilotee electriquement
EP0194431A1 (fr) * 1985-02-08 1986-09-17 M.A.N. - B&W Diesel GmbH Dispositif d'injection de carburant à haute pression pour moteur à combustion interne
EP0119894B1 (fr) * 1983-02-21 1987-06-16 Regie Nationale Des Usines Renault Perfectionnement aux systèmes d'injection à commande électromagnétique pour moteur Diesel de type pression-temps où l'aiguille de l'injecteur est pilotée par la décharge puis la charge d'une capacité
FR2636675A1 (fr) * 1988-09-21 1990-03-23 Usui Kokusai Sangyo Kk Injecteur de combustible, dispositif d'injection de combustible, comportant cet injecteur et moteur diesel equipe d'un tel dispositif
WO2001029401A1 (fr) * 1999-10-21 2001-04-26 Robert Bosch Gmbh Soupape d'injection de carburant

Families Citing this family (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3148671A1 (de) * 1981-12-09 1983-07-21 Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart Kraftstoffeinspritzvorrichtung fuer brennkraftmaschinen, insbesondere fuer dieselmotoren
US4550744A (en) * 1982-11-16 1985-11-05 Nippon Soken, Inc. Piezoelectric hydraulic control valve
DE3302293A1 (de) * 1983-01-25 1984-07-26 Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz AG, 5000 Köln Kraftstoffeinspritzvorrichtung fuer brennkraftmaschinen
US4667638A (en) * 1984-04-17 1987-05-26 Nippon Soken, Inc. Fuel injection apparatus for internal combustion engine
US4643155A (en) * 1984-10-05 1987-02-17 Olin Corporation Variable stroke, electronically controlled fuel injection control system
US4748949A (en) * 1985-02-05 1988-06-07 Sulzer Brothers Limited Method and system for injecting a pilot fuel into a combustion chamber
DE19836902A1 (de) * 1998-08-14 2000-02-17 Bosch Gmbh Robert Verbrennungskraftmaschine
US6836056B2 (en) 2000-02-04 2004-12-28 Viking Technologies, L.C. Linear motor having piezo actuators
WO2001067431A1 (fr) 2000-03-07 2001-09-13 Viking Technologies, Inc. Procede et systeme d'accord automatique d'un instrument a cordes
US6548938B2 (en) 2000-04-18 2003-04-15 Viking Technologies, L.C. Apparatus having a pair of opposing surfaces driven by a piezoelectric actuator
US6717332B2 (en) 2000-04-18 2004-04-06 Viking Technologies, L.C. Apparatus having a support structure and actuator
US6759790B1 (en) 2001-01-29 2004-07-06 Viking Technologies, L.C. Apparatus for moving folded-back arms having a pair of opposing surfaces in response to an electrical activation
US6879087B2 (en) 2002-02-06 2005-04-12 Viking Technologies, L.C. Apparatus for moving a pair of opposing surfaces in response to an electrical activation
CA2488481C (fr) * 2002-06-21 2011-09-06 Viking Technologies, L.C. Moteur piezo-electrique monobloc
JP4791957B2 (ja) 2003-04-04 2011-10-12 バイキング テクノロジィーズ エル．シー． 機能材料アクチュエータ製品からの仕事を最適化する機器および方法
JP4847564B2 (ja) 2009-07-22 2011-12-28 日本航空電子工業株式会社 コネクタ組立体

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1917927A1 (de) * 1969-04-09 1970-10-29 Bosch Gmbh Robert Kraftstoffeinspritzpumpe fuer Brennkraftmaschinen
DD103691A1 (fr) * 1973-04-06 1974-02-05
DE2551463A1 (de) * 1975-11-15 1977-05-18 Maschf Augsburg Nuernberg Ag Brennstoffeinspritzvorrichtung fuer brennkraftmaschinen

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1644769A (en) * 1920-11-02 1927-10-11 Falk Corp Fuel-injection system for oil engines
US2287702A (en) * 1941-05-15 1942-06-23 American Locomotive Co Fuel injection device
US3851635A (en) * 1969-05-14 1974-12-03 F Murtin Electronically controlled fuel-supply system for compression-ignition engine
GB1543714A (en) * 1975-03-07 1979-04-04 Lucas Cav Ltd Fuel injection pumping apparatus
JPS5918547B2 (ja) * 1977-12-03 1984-04-27 三菱重工業株式会社 蓄圧式燃料噴射装置
WO1981000283A1 (fr) * 1979-07-16 1981-02-05 Caterpillar Tractor Co Appareil d'injection de combustible commande electriquement

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1917927A1 (de) * 1969-04-09 1970-10-29 Bosch Gmbh Robert Kraftstoffeinspritzpumpe fuer Brennkraftmaschinen
DD103691A1 (fr) * 1973-04-06 1974-02-05
DE2551463A1 (de) * 1975-11-15 1977-05-18 Maschf Augsburg Nuernberg Ag Brennstoffeinspritzvorrichtung fuer brennkraftmaschinen
FR2331693A2 (fr) * 1975-11-15 1977-06-10 Maschf Augsburg Nuernberg Ag Dispositif d'injection de carburant pour moteurs a combustion interne

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2534318A1 (fr) * 1982-10-08 1984-04-13 Daimler Benz Ag Structure de soupape pilotee electriquement
EP0119894B1 (fr) * 1983-02-21 1987-06-16 Regie Nationale Des Usines Renault Perfectionnement aux systèmes d'injection à commande électromagnétique pour moteur Diesel de type pression-temps où l'aiguille de l'injecteur est pilotée par la décharge puis la charge d'une capacité
EP0194431A1 (fr) * 1985-02-08 1986-09-17 M.A.N. - B&W Diesel GmbH Dispositif d'injection de carburant à haute pression pour moteur à combustion interne
FR2636675A1 (fr) * 1988-09-21 1990-03-23 Usui Kokusai Sangyo Kk Injecteur de combustible, dispositif d'injection de combustible, comportant cet injecteur et moteur diesel equipe d'un tel dispositif
WO2001029401A1 (fr) * 1999-10-21 2001-04-26 Robert Bosch Gmbh Soupape d'injection de carburant

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0050710B1 (fr) 1984-04-11
JPS5799266A (en) 1982-06-19
US4388908A (en) 1983-06-21
DE3163073D1 (en) 1984-05-17
DE3039967A1 (de) 1982-06-03

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