EP0050412B1 - Procédé pour la préparation d'une suspension de charbon dans l'eau et produit obtenu - Google Patents
Procédé pour la préparation d'une suspension de charbon dans l'eau et produit obtenu Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0050412B1 EP0050412B1 EP81304187A EP81304187A EP0050412B1 EP 0050412 B1 EP0050412 B1 EP 0050412B1 EP 81304187 A EP81304187 A EP 81304187A EP 81304187 A EP81304187 A EP 81304187A EP 0050412 B1 EP0050412 B1 EP 0050412B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- slurry
- coal
- mmd
- particles
- water
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/32—Liquid carbonaceous fuels consisting of coal-oil suspensions or aqueous emulsions or oil emulsions
- C10L1/326—Coal-water suspensions
Definitions
- This invention relates to the production of fuel slurries of coal in water which can be injected directly into a furnace as a combustible fuel.
- a high fuel value coal slurry can supplant large quantities of increasingly expensive fuel oil presently being used by utilities, factories, ships and other commercial enterprises. Since the inert water vehicle reduces fuel value in terms of BTU/lb (J/kg) it is desirable to minimise its concentration and maximise coal concentration for efficient use of the slurry as a fuel.
- a high coal content also improves the combustion characteristics of the slurry.
- the slurry be loadable with finely-divided coal in amounts as high, for example, as about 50% to 70% of the slurry.
- the slurry must be sufficiently fluid to be pumped and sprayed into the furnace.
- the coal particles must also be uniformly dispersed. The fluidity and dispersion must be stably maintained during storage.
- An object of this invention is to provide an improved process for producing a slurry suitable for this purpose.
- This invention further provides a coal-water slurry which comprises:
- fluid, pourable slurries comprising up to about 70% or higher of coal stabley dispersed in water are produced by admixing finely-divided coal having a critical distribution of particle sizes, water, and an organic dispersant in a high shear rate mixer.
- An inorganic buffer salt may also be added.
- fluid as used in this specification and claims means a slurry which is fluid and pourable both at rest and in motion or a slurry which gels or flocculates into a substantially non-pourable composition at rest and becomes pourably fluid with stirring or other application of relatively low shear stress.
- UF particles should comprise 10 to 30% by weight of the slurry, preferably 15 to 25%.
- the actual degree of coal loading is not critical and will vary with the given use and operating equipment.
- concentration of coal successfully incorporated into a given slurry varies with such factors as the relative amounts of UF and F/C particles, size of the F/C particles used within the effective range, and the like. In general, percentage loading increases with increasing F/C size.
- An organic dispersant is essential to maintain the coal particles in stable dispersion. It has been found that the highly-loaded slurried are very sensitive to the particular type of surfactant used, especially with respect to fluidity and storageability. Examples of dispersants which have proven to be effective in producing stable fluid mixes are high molecular weight alkaline earth metal (e.g. Ca, Mg) organosulfonates in which the organic moiety is poly-functional. Molecular weight of the organosulfonate is desirably 1,000 to 25,000.
- the surfactant is used in minor amount, e.g. 0.5 to 5 pph of coal, preferably 1 to 2 pph.
- an inorganic, alkali metal (e.g. Na, K) buffer salt to stabilize pH of the slurry in the range-of from pH 5 to 8, preferably from pH 6 to 7.5.
- the salt improves ageing stability, pourability and handling characteristics of the slurry. It may be that the buffer counteracts potentially adverse effects of acid leachates from the coal.
- the salt such as sodium or potassium phosphate or carbonate, including their acid salts is used in minor amounts sufficient to provide the desired pH, e.g. 0.1 to 2% based on the water.
- the inorganic salts also serve to reduce gaseous sulfur pollutants by forming non-gaseous sulfur compounds.
- the ultrafine and larger F/C coal particles, water, dispersant, and inorganic salt components are mixed in a blender or other mixing device which can deliver high shear rates.
- High shear mixing e.g. at shear rates of at least about 100 sec -1 , preferably at least about 500 sec -1 , is essential for producing a stable slurry free from substantial sedimentation.
- the use of high shear mixing and the dispersant appears to have a synergistic effect.
- Dispersant with low shear mixing results in an extremely viscous, non-pourable slurry, while high shear mixing without dispersant produces a slurry which is unstable towards settling. With both dispersant and high shear mixing a fluid, pourable, stable slurry an be obtained.
- the slurries are viscous, fluid dispersions which can generally be characterized as thixotropic or Bingham fluids having a yield point.
- the slurries may gel or flocculate when at rest into a substantially non-pourable composition but are easily rendered fluid by stirring or other application of relatively low shear stress. They can be stored for considerable periods of time without excessive settling or sedimentation.
- the slurries can be employed as fuels by injection directly into a furnace previously brought up to ignition temperature of the slurry. The finely divided state of the coal particles improves combustion efficiency. Since the dispersants are organic compounds, they may be biodegraded with time. This can readily be prevented by addition of a small amount of biocides.
- the ultrafine coal particles can be made in any suitable device, such as a ball mill or attritor, which is capable of very fine comminution.
- the coal is milled with water so that the UF particles are in water slurry when introduced into the mixer.
- Some of the dispersant can be included, if desired, in the UF milling operation to improve flow and dispersion characteristics of the UF slurry.
- the required larger size coal particles (20 ⁇ m to 200j M ) can be made from crushed coal in a comminuting device such as a hammermill equipped with a grate having appropriately sized openings. Excessively sized coal residue can be used for making the UF particles.
- coal concentrations as used in the specification and in the following examples is on a dried coal basis which normally equals 98.5% by weight of bone-dried coal.
- the 3.6 ⁇ m MMD UF particles employed in Examples 3-8 were prepared in accordance with Example 1 and the UF particles were introduced in the form of the Example 1 aqueous slurry containing a portion of the dispersant.
- the total amount of dispersant given in the Examples includes the portion introduced in this way.
- Sedimentation measurement which is based on Stoke's Law giving the relationship between particle size and settling velocity, was used experimentally in all cases to determine sub-sieve particle sizes.
- the particular sedimentation technique employed is one conventionally known as centrifugal sedimentation.
- the sedi- mentometer used was the MSA Particle Size. Analyzer (C.F. Casello & Co, Regent House, Britania Walk, London N1).
- centrifugal sedimentation the local acceleration due to gravity, g, is multiplied by w 2 r/g where w is rotational velocity and r is radius of rotation.
- the "two layer" method was used in the experimental procedures.
- coal powder is initially concentrated in a thin layer floating on top of the suspending water fluid in a centrifuge tube.
- the fluid is centrifuged at incrementally increasing rotational speeds, The amount of sedimenting powder is measured as a function of time at a specified distance from the surface of the fluid.
- the cumulative size distribution was determined by plotting the fractional weight settled out against the free-falling Stoke's diameter.
- the sub-sieve particle sizes disclosed and claimed herein were obtained by sedi- ment ation measurement.
- Example 3A A 65% coal slurry was made identical to Example 3A except that no dispersant was added. The resulting product had the consistency of a stiff grease.
- Example 4A A mix was made identical to Example 4A except that Na z HP0 4 in amount providing buffered pH 7 was added in the blender. The resulting slurry was fluid and pourable. Its viscosity was EOM-T-bar 0.92 kP. It retained its stability and pourability during storage and after 12 days was free from separation.
- Example 3 demonstrates the need for the UF particles in controlled size distribution to impart stability.
- Examples 4 and 5 show the need for high shear rate mixing.
- Example 6 shows the importance of the dispersant.
- Example 7 illustrates the improvement made in a highly-loaded 70% slurry by use of an inorganic buffer salt and the adverse effect of low shear mixing.
- Example 8 shows that the use of the pH buffer salt maintained the slurry in a stable fluid condition.
- Example 9 shows that the buffer salt improved aging and its user and handling characteristics.
- the cost of the coal-water slurries including processing is about t that of No. 6 fuel oil at present prices.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
- Emulsifying, Dispersing, Foam-Producing Or Wetting Agents (AREA)
- Colloid Chemistry (AREA)
Claims (13)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT81304187T ATE11927T1 (de) | 1980-10-17 | 1981-09-14 | Verfahren zur herstellung von kohle-wasserbrennstoffsuspensionen und das daraus erhaltene produkt. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US19785380A | 1980-10-17 | 1980-10-17 | |
US197853 | 1980-10-17 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0050412A2 EP0050412A2 (fr) | 1982-04-28 |
EP0050412A3 EP0050412A3 (en) | 1982-08-04 |
EP0050412B1 true EP0050412B1 (fr) | 1985-02-20 |
Family
ID=22731003
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP81304187A Expired EP0050412B1 (fr) | 1980-10-17 | 1981-09-14 | Procédé pour la préparation d'une suspension de charbon dans l'eau et produit obtenu |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0050412B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JPS5796090A (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE11927T1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU554293B2 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA1178441A (fr) |
DE (1) | DE3169061D1 (fr) |
IL (1) | IL63866A (fr) |
ZA (1) | ZA816150B (fr) |
Families Citing this family (26)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4551179A (en) * | 1981-01-29 | 1985-11-05 | The Standard Oil Company | Coal-aqueous mixtures |
US4441889A (en) * | 1981-01-29 | 1984-04-10 | Gulf & Western Industries, Inc. | Coal-aqueous mixtures |
GR76426B (fr) * | 1981-05-21 | 1984-08-10 | Snam Progetti | |
IT1211049B (it) * | 1981-05-21 | 1989-09-29 | Snam Progetti | Sospensione acquosa di carbone. |
JPS5896690A (ja) * | 1981-12-03 | 1983-06-08 | Electric Power Dev Co Ltd | 石炭の高濃度スラリ−の製造方法 |
NZ202639A (en) * | 1982-03-22 | 1986-03-14 | Atlantic Res Corp | Stable coal-water slurries and a method for their preparation |
US4498906A (en) * | 1982-03-22 | 1985-02-12 | Atlantic Research Corporation | Coal-water fuel slurries and process for making |
US4504277A (en) * | 1982-04-16 | 1985-03-12 | Atlantic Research Corporation | Coal-water fuel slurries and process for making same |
SE8202879L (sv) * | 1982-05-07 | 1983-11-08 | Carbogel Ab | Vattenuppslamning av ett fast brensle samt sett och medel for framstellning derav |
EP0094786B1 (fr) * | 1982-05-19 | 1987-11-04 | The British Petroleum Company p.l.c. | Boues minérales |
GB2121819B (en) * | 1982-06-14 | 1985-03-27 | Smidth & Co As F L | Method of manufacturing a pumpable coal/liquid mixture |
US4511365A (en) * | 1982-09-10 | 1985-04-16 | Sohio Alternate Energy Development Company | Coal-aqueous mixtures |
US4722740A (en) * | 1982-09-30 | 1988-02-02 | Oxce Fuel Company | Dispersions of coal in water useful as a fuel |
FR2538407A1 (fr) * | 1982-12-27 | 1984-06-29 | Raffinage Cie Francaise | Combustible liquide a base de combustible solide pulverise, de residus petroliers et d'eau, son procede de preparation et son application dans des chaudieres ou des fours industriels |
CA1255905A (fr) * | 1983-07-05 | 1989-06-20 | Hirofumi Kikkawa | Production d'une bouillie aqueuse surconcentree de houille |
GB8319033D0 (en) * | 1983-07-14 | 1983-08-17 | Carbogel Ab | Sulphur capture |
JPS6058491A (ja) * | 1983-09-09 | 1985-04-04 | Electric Power Dev Co Ltd | 炭素含有組成物の水スラリ−の安定化処理方法 |
JPS6071693A (ja) * | 1983-09-29 | 1985-04-23 | Babcock Hitachi Kk | 石炭−水スラリ製造法 |
JPS6136398A (ja) * | 1984-07-30 | 1986-02-21 | Babcock Hitachi Kk | 高濃度石炭・水スラリ製造方法 |
US4810259A (en) * | 1985-09-19 | 1989-03-07 | Oxce Fuel Company | Method to minimize viscosity and improve stability of coal-water fuels |
DE3707941A1 (de) * | 1987-03-12 | 1988-09-22 | Henkel Kgaa | Dispergiermittel und ihre verwendung in waessrigen kohlesuspensionen |
JPH02232296A (ja) * | 1989-03-06 | 1990-09-14 | Central Res Inst Of Electric Power Ind | 石炭・水スラリーの製造方法 |
JP2595465B2 (ja) * | 1994-04-13 | 1997-04-02 | 英司 池田 | 水・石炭混合燃料 |
US8177867B2 (en) * | 2008-06-30 | 2012-05-15 | Nano Dispersions Technology Inc. | Nano-dispersions of coal in water as the basis of fuel related technologies and methods of making same |
US20130074396A1 (en) | 2008-06-30 | 2013-03-28 | Gustavo A. Núñez | Nano-dispersions of carbonaceous material in water as the basis of fuel related technologies and methods of making same |
SG10201602735VA (en) * | 2011-04-07 | 2016-05-30 | Nano Dispersions Technology Inc | Nano-dispersions of carbonaceous material in water as the basis of fuel related technologies and methods of making same |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1522575A (en) * | 1976-06-24 | 1978-08-23 | Texaco Development Corp | Production of solid fuel-water slurries |
US4261701A (en) * | 1980-01-09 | 1981-04-14 | Gulf Research & Development Company | Uniform coal suspensions and process for preparing same |
-
1981
- 1981-09-04 ZA ZA816150A patent/ZA816150B/xx unknown
- 1981-09-14 AT AT81304187T patent/ATE11927T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1981-09-14 DE DE8181304187T patent/DE3169061D1/de not_active Expired
- 1981-09-14 EP EP81304187A patent/EP0050412B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1981-09-17 IL IL63866A patent/IL63866A/xx unknown
- 1981-09-17 AU AU75439/81A patent/AU554293B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1981-10-06 CA CA000387401A patent/CA1178441A/fr not_active Expired
- 1981-10-17 JP JP56164956A patent/JPS5796090A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ZA816150B (en) | 1982-09-29 |
IL63866A0 (en) | 1981-12-31 |
IL63866A (en) | 1984-07-31 |
ATE11927T1 (de) | 1985-03-15 |
AU554293B2 (en) | 1986-08-14 |
CA1178441A (fr) | 1984-11-27 |
JPS5796090A (en) | 1982-06-15 |
EP0050412A3 (en) | 1982-08-04 |
DE3169061D1 (en) | 1985-03-28 |
EP0050412A2 (fr) | 1982-04-28 |
AU7543981A (en) | 1982-04-22 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP0050412B1 (fr) | Procédé pour la préparation d'une suspension de charbon dans l'eau et produit obtenu | |
US4465495A (en) | Process for making coal-water fuel slurries and product thereof | |
US5902227A (en) | Multiple emulsion and method for preparing same | |
JPS6136560B2 (fr) | ||
US4090853A (en) | Colloil product and method | |
US4030894A (en) | Stabilized fuel slurry | |
EP0092353B1 (fr) | Boues charbon/eau combustibles et leur procédé de préparation | |
EP0089766B1 (fr) | Procédé de préparation de suspensions charbons-eau et son produit | |
US4305729A (en) | Carbon slurry fuels | |
EP0124670B1 (fr) | Suspensions combustibles charbon-huile et procédé pour leur préparation | |
EP0025279A2 (fr) | Procédé de préparation d'une dispersion uniforme d'un solide combustible dans une huile | |
US4306882A (en) | Carbon slurry fuels | |
US4306881A (en) | Carbon slurry fuels | |
EP0024847A2 (fr) | Procédé de préparation d'une dispersion uniforme d'un combustible friable solide, d'huile et d'eau | |
US4983187A (en) | Method for preparing a high-concentration solids suspension in water | |
US4670019A (en) | Stabilization of coal-oil-water mixtures | |
US4530701A (en) | Process of manufacturing a co-fuel additive with combustion-modifying effects | |
EP0006294A1 (fr) | Procédé de comminution et produits ainsi obtenus | |
JPH0349318B2 (fr) | ||
EP0042727A2 (fr) | Composition combustible | |
EP0126592A1 (fr) | Combustible charbon-huile | |
EP0042726A2 (fr) | Composition combustible | |
CA1128751A (fr) | Hydroxyde de magnesium dans l'eau d'une emulsion d'huile, comme additif pour un hydrocarbure liquide | |
Scheffee et al. | Development and evaluation of coal/water mixture combustion technology. Final report | |
GB2064580A (en) | Solids Fuel/Oil Suspensions |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL SE |
|
PUAL | Search report despatched |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL SE |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19820921 |
|
ITF | It: translation for a ep patent filed |
Owner name: STUDIO APRA' BREVETTI |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL SE |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 11927 Country of ref document: AT Date of ref document: 19850315 Kind code of ref document: T |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 3169061 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 19850328 |
|
ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19850930 |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed | ||
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AT Payment date: 19860910 Year of fee payment: 6 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Payment date: 19860930 Year of fee payment: 6 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Effective date: 19870915 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Effective date: 19880401 |
|
NLV4 | Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee | ||
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Effective date: 19880914 Ref country code: AT Effective date: 19880914 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LI Effective date: 19880930 Ref country code: CH Effective date: 19880930 Ref country code: BE Effective date: 19880930 |
|
BERE | Be: lapsed |
Owner name: ATLANTIC RESEARCH CORP. Effective date: 19880930 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19890531 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee | ||
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Effective date: 19890601 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST |
|
ITTA | It: last paid annual fee | ||
EUG | Se: european patent has lapsed |
Ref document number: 81304187.8 Effective date: 19880907 |