EP0049880B1 - Shuttering system for concrete ceiling slabs with supporting beams - Google Patents

Abstract

1. System shuttering for a concrete floor comprising a bearer, with lateral shuttering members (1, 2, 61, 130, 131) suspended from above and detachably from a support, for the side faces of the bearer, whereof the shuttering membrane (137) is attached to joists (65) extending at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the bearer, with lower shuttering members for the lower face of the bearer, which comprise at least one shuttering membrane and with fastening means (7, 9, 148) for the lateral shuttering members (1, 2, 61, 130, 131), which fastening means can be released when removing the shuttering, characterised in that at least the lateral shuttering members (1, 2, 61, 130, 131) of one side are suspended to swing from the floor shuttering (floor joist 65) and comprise projections (strip 32) and/or bearing boxes, which cooperate with bearing boxes (69, 70) and/or projections of a part (65) of the floor shuttering.

Description

The invention relates to a system formwork for a concrete ceiling having a beam with side formwork elements for the side surfaces of the beam, which are detachably suspended from a support, the formwork skin of which is fastened to beams running transversely to the longitudinal axis of the beam, with formwork elements for the bottom surface of the beam, which at least have a formlining; and with detachable fasteners for the side formwork elements when stripping.

The problem with all joist formwork is that it can be easily assembled as a whole when shuttering on the ground, then transported by crane to the place of installation and relatively easy to install there using supports, but that after concreting the ceiling, the shuttering can be done in generally must be done by hand, because the crane is no longer accessible due to the freshly concreted ceiling.

In order to be able to formwork from known beam formwork, there must be a relatively large amount of formwork. Often it is necessary to first remove parts of the slab formwork before the side surfaces of the beam can be stripped. At their upper end, the beam formwork also very often has outwardly directed arms or plates which are supported by supports, so that the entire beam formwork then rests on these supports. Taking these needs into account leads to constructions in known beam formwork which do not exactly facilitate the formwork and in particular are difficult to formwork.

In the case of known joist formwork, the side formwork elements are held together by this encompassing joist clamps, the yokes of which can be fastened to the beams at a selectable height. In a titanium U formwork of this type known from a brochure from the Ischebeck company, the legs and yokes of the girder clamp must be adjusted to the height and width of the girder before assembly and then rigidly connected to one another. The formwork boards are then nailed to the legs and yoke of the beam and the panels arranged at the upper leg end of the clamps are connected with squared timbers. The finished, now rigid formwork is then transported to the place of use by crane and set up there with the help of supports that engage the squared timbers. This beam formwork, which is always rigid at the place of use, must fit very precisely into the ceiling formwork; it is hardly possible to clamp it together with the ceiling formwork to seal joints. In addition, the production of this joist formwork and its insertion into the slab formwork requires a considerable amount of work. This girder formwork is also very heavy and can no longer be switched on and off by hand.

In a similar construction, also based on the principle of the formwork encompassing clamp from Heilwagen, in which the entire beam formwork is also assembled on the ground and then brought to the place of use by crane, it is intended to make it easier to remove formwork in that the points of intersection between the legs and the yoke of the lower beam encircling the lateral formwork parts, the legs can be shifted a little laterally and can also be lowered a bit downwards relative to the yoke. This is intended to win a sufficiently large formwork between the individual parts of the joist formwork and the freshly concreted joist in order to be able to remove the side formwork elements. However, since in this known formwork, as mentioned at the beginning, the side formwork elements have outwardly projecting plates at their upper end, which rest on beam-shaped longitudinal beams, which in turn are supported by supports downwards, these supports must first be removed for stripping, because they are one would prevent lateral displacement of the side formwork elements. However, this again means that the yoke of the beam clamp is supported even before these supports are removed, for example with the lifting truck mentioned in the corresponding brochure, with which the formwork as a whole is then transported away, disassembly of this formwork into individual parts is not provided.

From BE-A-504 330 a metallic formwork for pillars, girders and the like is known, in which a beam formwork with side shell elements is described, which are hung on a support of the ceiling formwork. For this purpose, an elongated end plate of a leg of the side formwork element pointing in the direction of the slab formwork is inserted together with a corresponding elongated end plate of a slab formwork element between two U-profiles of a support and held there. Since the leg of the side shell element rests on one leg of the U-profile and the two end plates lie close together, a pivoting movement of the side shell element is not possible. This results in a rigid suspension of the side formwork element, which then leads to formwork problems when the side formwork elements are spaced from each other at the lower end of their leg pointing downwards with releasable fastening means that can only be adjusted in stages. The rigid suspension of the side formwork elements then leads to a spacing between the legs pointing downwards that is fixed by the formwork, so that the use of fasteners adjustable in steps is not possible or only possible under great constraints.

From DE-C-368 755 is another to Supporting the slab formwork suspended formwork rib is known, in which side formwork elements for a beam are connected via a hinge to elements forming part of the slab formwork. However, these hinges cannot be removed, so that the ceiling formwork must always be handled together with the side formwork elements, which reduces the flexibility of using these elements and can also pose a risk to construction workers if the beam formwork is moved with a crane and the side formwork elements in the suspension can swing freely with the hinge.

The invention is based on the object to develop a beam formwork that is not only easily installed in the slab formwork, but can also be easily expanded after concreting, in which in particular the fasteners between the downward legs of the side formwork elements can be easily installed, which is handy, yet accurate and true to size.

This object is achieved in that at least the side formwork elements of one side are pivotally suspended from the ceiling formwork and have projections and / or bearing shells that cooperate with bearing shells and / or projections of a part of the ceiling formwork.

A particular advantage of the invention is that the pivoting suspension of the side formwork elements on the slab formwork allows the beam formwork to be assembled at the place of use and therefore the individual parts of the formwork can be brought to the place of use in handy sizes. Forming the joist is very easy because the correct dimensions can be easily produced, at least in the lower area of the joist formwork, by swiveling the side formwork elements effortlessly. The formwork so difficult in the known beam formwork can also be accomplished very easily with the formwork according to the invention, because after loosening the fastening means holding the formwork together at its lower end, the side formwork elements only have to be pivoted apart again in order to be able to remove them.

While in the known formwork the supports engage on the side member attached laterally to the lower beam and must therefore be close to the side formwork elements, this is not the case with the invention because the side formwork elements are individually suspended in the ceiling formwork. The lateral pivoting away of the side formwork elements is therefore not disturbed by supports directly attacking the beam formwork.

Since in the slab formwork according to the invention the length of a side formwork element can be chosen smaller than the distance between two adjacent supports supporting the slab formwork due to the lack of the longitudinal beam necessary in the known beam formwork, if such a large swivel angle is required to remove the side formwork elements, the freely hanging legs of the ceiling formwork elements can be pivoted into the space between two ceiling supports. If a side formwork element is located in the area of a ceiling support, it can be pushed in its place after the neighboring side formwork element has been removed and then also removed by swiveling it into the space between two ceiling supports. This is not possible with the known beam formwork 'according to Heilwagen, because there the supports engage directly on the side member, a distance between the supports larger than the length of the side member is not possible, because then the support of a side formwork element would no longer be supported.

Since the side formwork elements are held in the yoke after lowering and in the laterally moved position in the known joist formwork, the side formwork elements cannot be easily detached from the clamp in the known formwork. In contrast, with the formwork according to the invention it is possible first to remove the bottom of the girder formwork and only then to remove the hanging side formwork elements individually, so that individual elements of the girder formwork which can be easily transported by hand can be removed without the need for to support certain parts additionally when striking and without the risk that unsecured parts accidentally fall down when stripping.

The pivoting movement required for the formwork according to the invention for removing the side formwork elements when stripping can be accomplished in various ways in embodiments of the invention.

In one embodiment of the invention, the side formwork element for its pivotable suspension on the ceiling formwork has a leg forming a section of the ceiling formwork, which has projections and / or bearing shells which cooperate with bearing shells and / or projections of a part of the ceiling formwork, so that they engage with one another Define and fix parts of the swivel axis. This embodiment of the invention can be further developed in such a way that the mutually cooperating joint parts consist of interlocking hook-like parts; in particular, the means arranged on the ceiling formwork for pivoting suspension of the side formwork element can have hook-like parts in cross section.

These embodiments have the advantage that the parts fixing the pivot axis allow play, the pivoting movement and also an easy insertion of the side scarf elements favored from above. Nevertheless, these interlocking joint parts also transmit the tensile forces effective in the level of the slab formwork.

In embodiments of the invention, the pivot axis can either run in the immediate vicinity of the end of the horizontal leg facing away from the beam or at a distance from this end. In embodiments of the invention, the pivot axis can run in or in the immediate vicinity of the formwork skin of the horizontal leg or at a distance from the formwork skin of the ceiling formwork, for example on the lower surface of the horizontal leg and, for example, also below the end of the horizontal leg facing away from the beam.

If, in one embodiment of the invention, the pivot axis extends in the formwork plane or in the immediate vicinity of the formwork plane and at the end of the horizontal leg, then when the formwork is removed after loosening the fastening means holding the lower ends of the vertical legs of the side formwork element, they can be pivoted slightly outwards. No stripping play is theoretically required for this if the swivel axis runs exactly in the formwork plane. In practice, however, this is difficult and in practice, the interlocking parts forming the swivel axis usually have some play. Form the formwork area. of the horizontal leg and the formwork surface of the vertical leg of the side formwork element at their common edge at a right angle, the stripping play required must be greater, the greater the distance of the pivot axis from the formwork skin of the horizontal leg. Measures for obtaining such a stripping game are not necessary, however, if, according to one embodiment of the invention, where the horizontal leg and the vertical leg of the side formwork element meet, the side formwork element is not delimited by an edge which is rectangular in cross section, but by a circular arc section whose radius intersects the swivel axis. In practice, this will be approximated in that, according to one embodiment of the invention, instead of the circular arc section, a haunch is provided at this point, the edges of which lie with the horizontal formwork surface and the vertical formwork surface approximately on an arc around the pivot axis. In embodiments of the invention, however, the inclined surface of the haunch can also extend beyond the line which contains the base point of a solder which has fallen from the pivot axis onto the vertical formwork surface and extend over the entire height of the vertical formwork. With conventional dimensions, the inclination of the haunch surface with respect to the vertical surface is extremely small if the pivot axis runs at the lower edge of the end surface at the end of the horizontal leg. But even if the horizontal formwork surface at the inner end does not merge into an inclined surface but forms an exact right angle, no additional measures need to be taken to obtain a formwork game if the swivel axis is not too far below the horizontal formwork plane. A slab formwork is always relatively soft with respect to forces within the formwork surface, so that the slab formwork also yields a little in the case mentioned if some fields of the slab formwork have not yet been removed. In particular, no additional measures are required if, according to one embodiment of the invention, the formwork surface of the leg parallel to the side surfaces of the beam and perpendicular to its longitudinal axis, the support of the side formwork element perpendicular to the solder from the edge formed by this leg and the leg parallel to the ceiling formwork runs on the swivel axis.

However, if the swivel axis is not at the end of the horizontal leg and therefore a formwork play perpendicular to the horizontal formwork plane is required or a larger formwork play in the horizontal direction is desirable, then in one embodiment of the invention the side formwork elements are suspended from a part of the slab formwork connected to a drop head , for example on a ceiling support. Such drop heads are vertically displaceably mounted on a ceiling prop, so that they and thus the parts of the ceiling formwork attached to the drop heads can be lowered to a certain extent, but nevertheless the upper end face of the support still supports the ceiling. By lowering the hinge parts forming the swivel axis, an additional stripping play occurs in a horizontal direction if the vertical leg of the side formwork element does not run exactly vertically, but rather at a small angle to the vertical.

In one embodiment of the invention, however, the greatest thickness of the horizontal leg of the side formwork element forming the ceiling formwork section is so much smaller than the drop height of the drop head that when striking these horizontal legs it can be pushed over the edge of the formwork surface of the ceiling formwork. The length of this leg can then be chosen so that the side formwork element can be pivoted so far about the upper edge of the end face of the ceiling formwork element facing the beam that the horizontal section of the side formwork element between the edge of the ceiling formwork and the beam can be removed from the ceiling formwork . When stripping, the entire slab formwork can first be lowered in a manner known per se by lowering the falling heads of the slab formwork. Then the side formwork elements, because they hang in the slab formwork, can be lowered usually hooked in a hook open to the top. Then the horizontal leg is pushed over the adjacent ceiling formwork element and then the lower end of the side formwork element is pivoted far outwards. As a result, the stripping of the beam formwork according to the invention is particularly simple and effortless.

The angular shape of the side formwork element and its suspension at the outer end of the horizontal leg has the advantage that the vertical leg of the side formwork element hangs obliquely outwards after hanging in the ceiling formwork, i.e. the lower end of the side formwork elements arranged opposite one another has a greater distance than theirs top end. As a result, in embodiments in which the lower ends of the side formwork elements are pressed together by a clamp, these ends endeavor to lie against the legs of the clamp engaging below and when the clamp is tensioned, that is to say when the side formwork elements pivot inwards, in contact with the lower ones Stay overlapping ferrule legs. This has important advantages which are explained further below.

The side formwork element can be suspended from a beam of the ceiling formwork, but it can also be partially suspended directly from the drop head of a ceiling support.

In one embodiment of the application, the pivoting movement of the side formwork elements directed towards the beam around their suspension on the ceiling formwork is limited by a stop in which the side formwork element forms the intended angle with the adjacent ceiling formwork element. Such a stop results in the desired angle, usually this angle will be a right angle, when the vertical legs of the side formwork elements are clamped together.

The stop limiting this pivoting movement can be attached to a part that does not belong to the side formwork element or ceiling formwork element. The aforementioned embodiment can, however, be further developed in such a way that this stop between the side formwork element and the ceiling formwork element is effective, so that when the desired angular position is reached, the previously articulated connection behaves like a rigid angular connection by removing the pivoting possibility. If in this position the dimension of the lower surface of the girder has not yet been fully reached, then as the hanging lower ends of the side formwork elements are further stretched, a side formwork element can still move slightly inwards; this movement is no longer carried out by pivoting the side formwork element, but now this Angularly rigidly connected to the adjacent ceiling formwork element, the side formwork element carries out a translational movement in the direction of the beam, in which the ceiling formwork element, which is now rigidly connected via the pivot axis, is supported, supported by formwork supports. The slab formwork element can participate in this translational movement because the slab formwork is “soft” in this direction, the supports for the slab formwork are slightly inclined during this small correction movement, without this having any recognizable disadvantages.

In a further development of these embodiments, a stop limiting the pivoting movement is formed by the contact of the side face of the ceiling beam on a bar connecting the webs of the side formwork element and forming the end face of its horizontal leg.

The pivotable suspension of the side formwork element on the slab formwork is designed so that this hinge connection absorbs the tensile forces that occur in the aforementioned case when the pivoting movement is blocked and transmits them to the slab formwork.

If, in one embodiment of the invention, the side formwork element is suspended from a support of the ceiling formwork (ceiling support) and the pivot axis of the pivoting movement is at a distance from the horizontal formwork surface, in embodiments of the invention the end faces of surfaces of the ceiling formwork and end faces of the articulation axis located above horizontal section of the side shutter element are given a course in which they come to rest against each other to limit the inward pivoting movement of the side shutter element and thus form the stop limiting this pivoting movement in this pivoting direction.

In particular, embodiments of the invention can be designed such that the ceiling support has open hooks on its side surface at a distance from the formwork surface, into which the side formwork element engages. In this case, the leg of the side formwork element forming the slab formwork section can have on its underside a downwardly projecting strip which engages in the hook base. This embodiment of the invention can be further developed in such a way that the bar is connected to the carrier of the side formwork element by webs running transversely to the longitudinal axis of the beam, these struts preferably being formed by angling at the upper end of the carrier, and that the webs have one at their lower edge Have recess for receiving the hooks arranged on the slab formwork beam. This recess can be followed by a further, less deep recess, which then forms part of the articulated connection of the side formwork element to the ceiling formwork if the ceiling formwork element adjacent to the side formwork element has no hooks, but the horizontal leg of the side formwork element has to be placed on a strip .

In one embodiment of the invention, the webs angled from the carrier of the side formwork element carry the formwork skin of its slab formwork section and the ends of the webs of adjacent beams are connected to one another by a strip, preferably the webs are connected to one another in pairs by the strip. This embodiment of the invention can be further developed in such a way that the distance between the hooks on the longitudinal ceiling beam is smaller than the length of the strip supported in the hook base. As a result, the side formwork elements can be moved along the formwork plane as required and do not have to be hung in a position determined by the hooks.

In one embodiment of the invention, the bottom formwork elements are longer than the side formwork elements. Since the lower ends of the side formwork elements are tensioned against the end faces of the bottom formwork elements, this ensures that the bottom formwork elements align the side formwork elements in the longitudinal direction and that this alignment is transmitted to the slab formwork via the rigid joints when the clamp is tensioned.

In embodiments of the invention, the horizontal and / or vertical formwork skin sections can be fastened to the side formwork element after it has been suspended. Since the joist formwork according to the invention is usually assembled at the place of use by first hanging the side formwork elements and then attaching the formwork element and pressing the lower ends of the side formwork elements, it is advantageous if the individual parts to be transported to the place of use are as light as possible , which can only be achieved by attaching the formlining after the side formwork elements have been attached.

The girder formwork at the lower end of the side formwork elements can be closed in various ways in the formwork according to the invention. In one embodiment of the invention, this is done with a device which makes use of the known principle of the beam clamps and in which the yoke of the clamp can be fastened to the side formwork elements in a manner which is known per se. This embodiment can be further developed in such a way that, according to the invention, the yoke of the clamp can be brought up from below into its fastening position on the hanging side formwork elements, and that the effective length of the yoke of the clamp can be adjusted. By moving the clamp to the hanging side formwork elements from below, the joist formwork can be assembled very easily on site. The clamp can also be easily attached from below to the side formwork elements hanging from the slab formwork. The lower ends of the side formwork elements can be swiveled inwards at the same time as the yoke of the clamp is adjusted.

The adjustability of the ferrule yoke to its effective length can be achieved in various ways.

In one embodiment of the invention, two displaceable sections are arranged on a yoke rod. This has the advantage that the two sections can be designed identically.

The sections can be guided with a relatively large amount of lateral play on the yoke, so that the displacement movement is insensitive to lateral tilting.

The sections can be secured in their mutual position by means of aligned holes arranged in both sections and pins inserted into them, or also by a tension rod inserted into the hollow profile of the yoke and extending in the yoke axis with tensioning means arranged at its ends. In one embodiment, the sections can be determined in their mutual position by wedges which are driven in after the correct yoke length has been set.

These embodiments have the advantage that the yoke length is infinitely adjustable and the yoke parts which can be moved relative to one another can be secured in a simple manner.

The inward pivoting movement of the side formwork elements when assembling the beam formwork by tensioning the clamp can be limited by stops. In one embodiment of the invention, the bottom form element is arranged between the lower ends of the side form elements, so that these ends are clamped against the end faces of the bottom form element when the clamp is tensioned. This not only has the advantage that the joint between the lower formwork element and the side formwork element is tight and can even be tensioned with a prestress that corresponds to the pressure of the concrete when pouring and shaking, but also that the distance between the lower ends of the side formwork elements is not particularly good must be specified, but results automatically from contact with the sub-formwork element.

If one constructs the parts that hold the clamp engaging at the lower end of the side formwork elements at a certain height so that these parts come into engagement with one another by a horizontal movement, then the effort of the lower ends of the side formwork elements will adhere to the Applying outside of the side formwork elements engaging parts of the clamp ensures that the height fastening of the clamp is engaged in every pivoting position of the side formwork elements and therefore the clamp which has been attached is secured in its height position and can no longer fall off.

The height-selectable fastening of the beam clamp can be done in various ways, it is essential that it is brought up to the beam formwork from below and can be tensioned in this position. It can the yoke of the clamp is fastened directly to supports of the side formwork elements, the supports of these side formwork elements then being extended beyond the lower end of the formwork skin, so that these supports form the clamp legs directly, or else clamp legs can be rigidly attached to the displaceable sections of the yoke, which in turn can then be fastened selectively in height to the rear of the side formwork elements, these legs rigidly connected to the yoke not only taking on the function of fastening the clamp at a certain height, but also the function of the side formwork element in a certain angular position To define so that these clamp legs when tensioning the clamp also have the effect that the inward pivoting movement of the side formwork elements is limited about the pivot axis and the ceiling formwork is pulled along with further tensioning of the clamp. For this purpose, it may be expedient for the clamp legs to have two stops which engage at different heights on the rear side of the side formwork elements, preferably one stop below the level of the formlining of the bottom formwork element and the other stop above this level.

In particular, embodiments of the invention can be designed in such a way that the supports of the side formwork element have outwardly projecting teeth at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the beam, which are used to select the fastening height of the bottom formwork element. The distance between the teeth can expediently be between 2 and 3 cm. This has the advantage that the position of a clamp hooked into a wrong tooth deviates relatively strongly from the position of the other clamps, so that this is immediately apparent. In a further development of this embodiment, strips extending transversely to the yoke are attached to the mutually displaceable sections of the yoke, which are suitable for engaging in the tooth bases between the teeth of the wearer. This makes it possible to fasten the clamp even if it is not positioned exactly in the plane that the rows of teeth of opposite side formwork elements of the beam formwork determine. Rather, the clamp can also be placed at such a distance from these rows of teeth that the length of the transverse strip allows. It is therefore not necessary that rows of teeth arranged on both sides of the beam formwork are aligned with one another transversely to the longitudinal direction of the formwork.

Of course, other types of fastening for fastening the clamp, which can be selected in height, can also be selected, for example perforated rails, in the holes of which either the clamp legs or the clamp yoke are fastened directly with the aid of bolts.

The bar engaging in the tooth bases can be arranged above or below the ferrule yoke, but only below if the carriers are extended beyond the lower edge of the formlining of the side formwork element and there support teeth.

As already mentioned, in one embodiment of the invention, the two sections of the yoke have stops arranged at a distance above the formlining of the lower formwork element at a rigid angle to the longitudinal axis of the yoke, which are used for abutment on the side of the side formwork element facing away from the formlining. These stops are arranged so that the side formwork element is at the desired angle - normally a right angle - when the clamp is tensioned. The distance between the two formwork elements is determined by the width of the formwork skin of the bottom formwork element. If the clamp is clamped together, the upper stop located on the clamp legs does not pull the side formwork element with it and possibly also the ceiling formwork with the supports, since the supports are not rigidly anchored at their upper end attached to the ceiling formwork. In this embodiment of the invention, therefore, the abutment of the lower end of the side formwork element on the end face of the formwork skin of the bottom formwork element is required, the inward pivoting movement of the side formwork element is limited both at the connection of the side formwork element to the ceiling formwork and by this stop of the side formwork element on the bottom formwork element. In the case of embodiments of the invention, these stops can also be formed by a transversely extending strip and the distance of the stops from the lower end of the formlining of the side formwork element can be approximately one third of the height of the side formwork element.

Two stops acting on the rear of the side formwork elements at different heights can be provided on clamp sections. In further developments of this embodiment, the stops can be arranged in such a way that one stop acts above the level of the formlining of the bottom formwork element and the other stop below this level acts on the back of the side formwork element.

In embodiments of the invention, the beam formwork can be clamped together using individual clamps. In other embodiments of the invention, however, two mutually adjacent clamps are always rigidly connected to one another in pairs, for example by the bar engaging in the tooth bases and / or by the bar which is at a distance above the yoke and transversely to the longitudinal direction of the yoke at the rear of the side formwork element stop coming to rest. In this case, since the strips are always longer than the distance between two beams of the side formwork element, it is not necessary that the side formwork elements of the formworks lying opposite one another on the side surface of the sub opposite exactly opposite, rather the position of the side formwork element along the side surface of the beam is completely independent of where the opposite side formwork element is located. This is particularly advantageous if, due to any protrusions projecting laterally from the beam, the continuously continuous side surfaces of the beam are not of the same length on both sides.

In one embodiment of the invention, the formwork element consists of squared timbers arranged on the ferrule yokes and a formwork skin loosely placed over them. In the case of embodiments of the invention, the squared timbers can also be placed loosely on the Zwingenjoch or can be fastened on the Zwingenjoch. In the former case, the under-beam formwork according to the invention is particularly easy to use. In addition, this has the advantage that the squared timbers do not interfere if the beam is so narrow that it is flush with the side surfaces of a concrete support, that is, the side formwork elements are so close together that they abut the side surfaces of a concrete support. The bottom formwork elements can have only one formlining alone, or can also have additional supports that support the formwork facing. It is not necessary for the bottom formwork elements to be supported on the yoke of the clamp. Rather, in one embodiment of the invention, support strips are nailed to the inner surface of the formlining of the side formwork elements, onto which the formwork skin of the bottom formwork element or else the entire bottom formwork element is then placed when the side formwork elements are pivoted in.

The particular advantage of this embodiment of the invention is that the width of the girder can be adjusted by cutting the lower formlining, which extends over several lengths of the side formwork elements, and by automatically aligning the side formwork elements to this dimension the exact dimensions are maintained. will. The vertical dimensions of the girder formwork can also be easily adjusted by releasably attaching the clamp to the teeth of the side formwork elements at a selectable height, with a dimension between the dimensions of the tooth being set by selecting the height of the squared timbers resting on the yokes or corresponding intermediate layers can be.

Finally, in one embodiment of the invention, at the lower end of the part of the side formwork element which has the teeth, a projection projecting beyond the tooth length is provided, which serves as a security against the fact that, as a result of incorrect operation, the clamp, despite the endeavor of the side formwork element, engages in the fastening means attacking on the outside can drop out. In one embodiment of the invention, this projection can be formed by a plate arranged at the lower end of the extension of the carrier, which plate also forms a base plate for the side formwork element.

In the group of embodiments described below, the lower formwork shuttering at the lower end of the side formwork elements does not take place by means of a beam clamp surrounding the side formwork elements, but the side formwork elements are detachably connected to one another by floor brackets which run from the inner surface of one side formwork element to the inner surface of the other side formwork element and at least the fastening means between one end of the floor support and the adjacent side formwork element can be released when stripping. As a result, the girder formwork can be dismantled into easily transportable individual parts when stripping. First, the connection between one end of the floor beams and the adjacent side formwork element is released and then the side formwork elements are pivoted outwards, if necessary after lowering the ceiling formwork. Then the formwork skin of the lower formwork element, which is supported on the floor beams, and possibly also the longitudinal beams arranged between this formwork skin and the floor beams are removed. The side formwork elements are then unhooked and removed; if necessary, the base supports, which are still attached at one end to a side part, are also removed beforehand. In this embodiment, too, essential parts of the formwork are namely the side formwork elements, because of their hanging arrangement during assembly and disassembly of the formwork.

In one embodiment of the invention, holes penetrating the formlining are also provided for receiving the fastening means connecting the floor supports to the side formwork element. This has the advantage that the formwork skin for the side surfaces of the beam can be very far down, namely in one embodiment of the invention to the depth that corresponds to a height of the beam for which the formwork is maximally intended. The holes in the formlining that are not required are closed with plugs. The advantage of this embodiment is that not only the same side formwork elements can always be used when formwork of different height beams, but also the adjustment of the formlining to the respective height of the beam is no longer necessary because the bottom formwork element, i.e. the formwork floor in any Height between the two side formwork elements can be fixed without the formwork skin projecting further downward hindering the fastening of the formwork floor. The formlining can be permanently attached to support-forming metal profiles, e.g. B. riveted.

In one embodiment of the invention, the formlining is so far down that you lower edge is on the upper edge of a bottom bracket attached to the legs in its lowest position.

The floor supports can be attached to the side formwork elements in various ways. In one embodiment of the invention, the floor supports have a plate on their end faces which extends over a plurality of holes in the formlining. A row of holes is provided in this plate, the holes of which are at a distance from one another which is smaller than the distance of the holes in the formwork skin. This allows the height of the formwork floor to be selected in very small steps.

The floor supports can also be designed in a wide variety of ways. Floor supports have proven to be particularly advantageous which, according to one embodiment of the invention, are formed by two upright sheets which are fastened to one another offset from one another, the sheets having at least two rows of holes arranged one above the other and the holes of one sheet being at a distance from one another deviates somewhat from the distance between the holes of the other sheet. This allows the length of the shelf supports to be adjusted easily and also in very small steps.

This embodiment can be further developed such that the sheets are reinforced by folding their edges. Such floor supports are extremely stable. Since the holes in the formwork skin are provided in the area of the vertical support legs of the side formwork elements and also put them through, when attaching a floor support, for example by only two wedge bolts or screws, a rigid structure is created, which also allows one to be attached to only one formwork element when formworking to support the bottom formwork containing the bottom girder at its projecting end with a support and then to attach the reinforcement of the girder to the bottom formwork element.

In all of these embodiments with the floor girders running from the inner surface to the inner surface of the side formwork elements, it is essential that the beam formwork is pulled together by these floor girders and their releasable fastening means without the side formwork elements overlapping and engaging on the rear side of the clamp-like constructions being necessary. Nevertheless, this too. Embodiment of the advantage achieved with the use of clamp-like devices of arbitrarily high clamping of the bottom formwork element between the formlins of the side formwork elements achieved because the fasteners for the floor beams pass through holes in the formwork skin, which was previously avoided.

• Figur 1 eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Ausführungsbeispiels einer erfindungsgemäßen Unterzugschalung, teilweise abgebrochen,
• Figur 2 eine Ansicht in Richtung des Pfeils II in Fig, 1,
• Figur 3 einen Schnitt entsprechend der Linie 111-111 in Fig. 2,
• Figur 4 eine Ansicht eines Seitenschalelementes in Blickrichtung der Fig. 2,
• Figur 5 eine Ansicht der Unterzugschalung in Richtung des Pfeils V in Fig. 2,
• Figur 6 einen Schnitt entsprechend der Linie VI-VI in Fig. 5 durch das in Fig. 5 sichtbare Seitenschalelement,
• Figur 7 eine perspektivische Darstellung der Unterzugzwinge im auseinandergenommenen Zustand,
• Figur 8 eine andere Ausführungsform einer Unterzugzwinge in einer der Blickrichtung der Fig. entsprechenden Darstellung,
• Figur 9 eine perspektivische Darstellung eines gegenüber den vorhergehenden Figuren kürzeren Seitenschalelements, das zum Schalen des Inneneckbereichs zweier rechtwinklich aufeinander stoßender Unterzüge ausgebildet ist,
• Figur 10 eine Seitenansicht eines zum Einhängen der Deckenschalung und der Seitenschalelemente dienenden Deckenträgers, dessen Querschnitt in Fig. 2 im rechten Teil sichtbar ist,
• Figur 11 bis 13 schematisch das Anbringen der Unterzugschalung im Bereich einer zu gie- ßenden Decke,
• Figur 14 und 15 schematisch den Abbau der Unterzugschalung von der fertigen Betondecke,
• Figur 16 in einer der Fig. entsprechenden Blickrichtung die Verwendung der Unterzugschalung zur Herstellung eines Randunterzugs,
• Figur 17 eine vereinfachte Draufsicht auf eine Unterzugschalung zum Schalen mehrerer zueinander rechtwinklig verlaufender, durch Betonstützen abgestützter Unterzüge,
• Figur 18 zeigt eine Einzelheit,
• Figur 19 zeigt eine Abwandlung des unteren Endes der Seitenschalelemente,
• Figur 20 zeigt eine andere Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Unterzugschalung in einem verkleinerten Schnitt nach dem Betonieren des Unterzuges,
• Figur 21 einen Abschnitt der Schalungsarbeiten bei erst einseitiger Schalung,
• Figur 22 ein Schaubild des in Fig. 20 dargestellten Seitenschalelementes,
• Figuren 23 und 24 je eine Draufsicht auf verschiedene Ausführungsformen eines Bodenträgers.

Further features of the invention result from the following description of exemplary embodiments in conjunction with the claims and the drawing, which shows details essential to the invention. The individual features can be implemented individually, individually or in several, in any combination in one embodiment of the invention. Show it

• FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a joist formwork according to the invention, partially broken off,
• FIG. 2 shows a view in the direction of arrow II in FIG. 1,
• 3 shows a section along the line 111-111 in FIG. 2,
• FIG. 4 shows a view of a side formwork element in the viewing direction of FIG. 2,
• FIG. 5 shows a view of the joist formwork in the direction of arrow V in FIG. 2,
• FIG. 6 shows a section along the line VI-VI in FIG. 5 through the side formwork element visible in FIG. 5,
• FIG. 7 shows a perspective view of the beam clamp in the disassembled state,
• 8 shows another embodiment of a beam clamp in a view corresponding to the viewing direction of the figure,
• FIG. 9 shows a perspective illustration of a side formwork element which is shorter than in the previous figures and which is designed to form the inner corner region of two beams which abut one another at right angles,
• FIG. 10 is a side view of a ceiling beam used to hang the ceiling formwork and the side formwork elements, the cross section of which is visible in the right part in FIG. 2,
• 11 to 13 schematically show the application of the joist formwork in the area of a ceiling to be cast,
• FIGS. 14 and 15 schematically show the dismantling of the joist formwork from the finished concrete ceiling,
• FIG. 16 shows the use of the joist formwork for producing an edge joist in a viewing direction corresponding to the figure,
• FIG. 17 shows a simplified plan view of a joist formwork for formworking a plurality of joists which run at right angles to one another and are supported by concrete supports,
• Figure 18 shows a detail,
• FIG. 19 shows a modification of the lower end of the side formwork elements,
• FIG. 20 shows another embodiment of the joist formwork according to the invention in a reduced section after concreting the joist,
• FIG. 21 shows a section of the formwork work when the formwork is only on one side,
• FIG. 22 shows a diagram of the side formwork element shown in FIG. 20,
• FIGS. 23 and 24 each show a top view of different embodiments of a floor support.

The under-beam formwork shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 in the assembled state has two completely identical side-formwork elements 1 and 2, which are arranged parallel to one another at a distance and between which a lower formwork element is arranged, which is formed by Squares and a formwork section 5 supported by this. The two side formwork elements 1 and 2 are held together by a double clamp 7, which is shown in the disassembled state in FIG. The squared timbers rest on long yoke sections 9 which are integrally connected to the right part of the double clamp in FIGS. 1, 2 and 7 and which are inserted into short yoke sections 10 of the left part of the double clamp in FIGS. 1, 2 and 7 and are secured against displacement by a wedge 12. The two side formwork elements 1 and 2 are pressed firmly against the formwork skin section 5 by the double clamp 7.

The side formwork elements 1 and 2 have an upper horizontal leg 15, which carries a horizontal formwork skin section 16, which forms part of the slab formwork for the ceiling immediately adjacent to the beam. At right angles to the horizontal leg 15 there is a vertical leg 17, which carries a skin 18 extending in a vertical plane. The vertical leg 17 forms the side formwork for the beam to be produced. If the side surface of the beam opposite the underside of the concrete ceiling is to enclose an angle deviating from a right angle and / or the underside of the ceiling is not to run horizontally, the angle between the legs 15 and 17 is chosen to be different from the exemplary embodiment. The vertical formwork sections 18 usually do not come into contact with the concrete at their lowermost end region because the formwork section 5 of the lower formwork element generally abuts the formwork areas of these formwork sections at a distance above the lower edge 20 of the vertical formwork sections 18.

The vertical formwork section 18 is supported by spaced-apart, vertically extending supports 25 which have a recess open towards the formwork section 18, into which a wooden strip 27 is firmly inserted, which makes it possible to form the formwork section 18, which is formed by a plywood panel, to be fastened to the supports 25 by nailing, see FIG. 6. Instead of a plywood board, formwork boards can also be used. It can by removing or nailing the required number of formwork boards from z. B. 10 cm width of the lower edge 20 of the formwork surface can be shifted slightly up or down.

The side formwork elements 1 and 2 each have four supports 25. Two of the supports 25 each have a web 30 on their mutually perpendicular side surfaces 29 which run transversely to the plane of the skin 18, and the ends of two of these webs 30 facing away from the form skin section 18 are connected to one another by a strip 32 running parallel to the form skin section 18 . The webs 30 and the strip 32 are made of a strong sheet metal. The top of the webs 30 and the strip 32 supports the horizontal formwork section 16, the surface 33 of the strip 32 facing away from the formwork section 18 being flush with the corresponding end face 34 of the horizontal formwork section 16. In the longitudinal direction of the underside formwork element, i.e. in the direction of the edge 35 between the formwork sections 16 and 18, the formwork sections 16 and 18 protrude beyond the foremost and rearmost supports 25 and the foremost and rearmost web 30, something which is shown in FIG left rear carrier 25 and the right front web 30 and can be seen in Fig. 5. This protrusion can be, for example, 10 cm. While the strip 32 does not extend over the entire length of the side formwork elements shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the formwork skin sections 16 and 18 each extend over the entire length of the side formwork elements 1, 2. They thereby bridge the area between the two middle supports 25 that are not connected by a bar 32. The formwork skin sections 18 do not extend to the lower end of the supports 25.

The carrier 25 have on their back a parallel to their longitudinal direction projecting ledge 38, which extends over the entire length of the carrier 25 and has teeth 39 produced in the lower half by cutting or milling, which thus transverse to the formwork plane of the Project formwork section 18 to the rear. The distance between the teeth 39 measured from the tooth base 40 to the tooth base is 25 mm in the exemplary embodiment. The shape of the teeth 39 is arbitrary within wide limits, it only has to be chosen so that the toothing forms sufficient support for the double clamp 7, which is described in more detail below. At the lower end of the carrier 25, a plate 42 is welded, which still projects beyond the height of the teeth 39 to the rear. This plate serves as additional security when installing the joist formwork, as will be described later, and it also allows the side formwork element 1, 2 to be set up on a flat surface in the position shown in FIG. 4, which can be favorable immediately before the formwork work .

A favorable shape of the teeth 39 is shown in FIG. 2, in the remaining figures the toothing is only shown schematically.

The device shown in FIG. 7 is referred to as a double clamp 7 because it comprises two yokes, each having a long section 9 and a short section 10, whereas the simple clamp 43 according to FIG. By suitable cutting of the double clamp 7 shown in FIG. 7, two of the simple clamps 43 shown in FIG. 8 could be produced. The yoke sections 10 and 10 are each formed by a square tube, the longer sections 9 can be inserted into the shorter sections 10 and into these are postponed. At the free end of the shorter section 10, ie on the left in FIG. 7, the upward-facing side 45 is cut out. In this area, a bracket 46 is welded to the two side surfaces 47 and 48 of the short yoke section 10. This bracket 46 cooperates with the wedge 12 in such a way that when the wedge 12 is driven in in the illustration in FIG. 2 in the direction to the right, the long yoke section 9 can be clamped in any position in the short yoke section 10. Compare also Fig. 3.

The two long yoke sections 9 of the part 7 'on the right in FIG. 7 are arranged parallel to one another at a distance from one another and are connected to one another by a bar 51 of essentially square cross-section welded to their underside, which is located at the right end region of the yoke sections 9 in FIG. 7 . A strip-like projection 52 pointing to the left in FIG. 7 is provided on the strip 51 and is designed such that it can penetrate into the tooth base 40 between two teeth 39. On the top of the long yoke sections 9 facing away from the bar 51, spacer plates 53 are welded, which carry at their upper end a further bar 55 which runs parallel to the bar 51. The plane laid by the two long yoke sections 9 is perpendicular to the plane laid by the two strips 51 and 55.

Similarly, on the short yoke sections 10, which are also arranged parallel to one another at a distance, a strip with a strip-like projection 52 is fastened on the underside and a strip corresponding to the strip 55 of the part 7 'on the upper side via spacer plates; these parts of the section 7 "of the double ferrule on the left in FIG. 7 therefore have the same reference numerals as in the right part.

The parts of the simple clamp 43 visible in FIG. 8 are provided with the reference symbols of FIG. 7, although the strips 51 and 55 in the clamp 43 are shorter than half the corresponding dimensions in FIG. 7. In FIGS. 5, 6 and 8, the wedge 12 provided for clamping the clamps is not shown to simplify the drawing.

When carrying out a construction project, you will have a certain number of side formwork elements 1, for example with a length of 125 cm. Where this length is too long, either the formlining 16, 18 can be shortened in its area protruding beyond the two outermost supports 25, or the pairs of supports 25 which are connected to one another by a strip 32 are arranged such that the The distance between them is smaller than in FIG. 1. Finally, it is also possible to provide side formwork elements 61 which only have a single pair of supports 25 connected to one another by a strip 32, as is the case with the side formwork element shown in FIG. This side formwork element 61 additionally has at its end facing the viewer a formwork section 62 running at right angles to the formwork level of the formwork section 16 and the formwork section 18, which are shorter here than in FIG. 1, each of which has an edge with the formwork sections 16 and 18 just mentioned 63 and 64 forms. If this additional formwork section 62 is not present, the side formwork element 61 can be used in the same way as the side formwork elements 1; if the further formwork section 62 is present, it is also suitable for formworking beams that meet at right angles, as will be explained later.

FIG. 10 shows together with the upper right part of FIG. 2 a ceiling beam which is used in the formwork according to the exemplary embodiment. The ceiling support 65 consists of an aluminum hollow profile of the cross section visible in FIG. 2. The top 66 forms part of the formwork surface for the bottom of the concrete ceiling. This upper side 66 is adjoined by side surfaces 67 running at right angles to it and parallel to one another, which run obliquely towards one another from half the height of the profile and are provided with the reference number 68 there. Halfway up the profile of the ceiling support 65 are provided outwardly projecting strip-like projections 69 which extend over the entire length of the ceiling support 65 and which carry spaced apart upwardly projecting hook-like projections 70. The mutual spacing of the projections 70 is smaller than the length of the strip 32 of the side formwork elements 1, 61. In the end regions, the ceiling support 65 in each case has a cross bolt 71 which penetrates the cavity of the hollow profile and serves to drop the ceiling support 65 into a hook to mount. A beam very similar to the ceiling beam described and a matching drop head is described in DE-A-3004245 published after the priority date of the present application. If necessary, further details can be found in the cited patent application.

The thickness of the strip 32 of the side formwork elements 1, 2, 61, measured perpendicular to the formwork plane of the formwork skin section 18, is so large that the underside of the strip 32 can rest on the strip-like projection 69 of the ceiling support 65. The hook-like projections 70 prevent the strip 32 from sliding off the strip-like projection 69. So that the side formwork elements 1, 2, 61, regardless of the presence of the hook-like projections 70 at any point, the ceiling support 65 can be supported on its strip-like projection 69, the webs 30 are provided with a recess 75 adapted to the shape of the hook-like projection 70. This is followed by a further recess 76 of lesser height, which is designed so that it allows the side shell ment to support a strip-like carrier, as described as an extension profile in the above patent application.

The erection of the formwork for a beam is described with reference to FIGS. 11-13. It is assumed that the ceiling beam 65 on the left in FIG. 11, which is supported at a height required for concreting by a formwork support 101, is secured against displacement in a horizontal direction transversely to its longitudinal direction, for example by a ceiling formwork element 71, which is on its left side the strip-shaped projection 69 is supported and engages over the hook 70. In contrast, the right-hand ceiling support 65 in FIG. 11 can still be shifted somewhat in the direction just described. The side formwork elements 1 and 2 are now attached to the ceiling beams 65 with their strips 32. Because the suspension point is not above the center of gravity when the side formwork elements with their vertical formwork section 18 are vertical, the side formwork elements 2 and 2 pivot so that their lower ends face away from one another, as shown in FIG. The mounting of the side formwork elements on the ceiling supports 65 is designed so that this pivoting movement is possible, so the hook 70 in the configuration shown in FIG. 2 expediently does not reach to the upper end of the recess 75, so that the pivoting movement always around the lower edge the bar 32 takes place at its location on the strip-like projection 69. A double clamp 7 (or a clamp 43) is now prepared by plugging the two parts 7 'and 7 "together, the strips 65 being so far apart from one another that the double clamp when the two lower ends of the side shuttering elements 1 and 2 are moved somewhat towards one another by the craftsman, can be pushed over the plates 42 from below over the supports 25, the clamp 7 being raised so far that the strip-like projections 52 reach the area of the teeth 39. The double clamp 7 becomes now raised until the long yoke sections 9 and the short yoke sections 10 abut the lower edge 20 of the vertical formwork skin sections 18 of the right and left side formwork elements; then, if necessary, the double clamp 7 is slightly lowered until the strip-like projections 52 in the next reachable tooth base 40. To do this it should depend on the special construction of the side sc Halelemente and in particular their center of gravity with respect to the suspension point to be useful to reduce the distance between the two yoke parts 7 'and 7 "a little, as indicated in Fig. 12, so that the strip-like projections 52 of the two parts 7' and 7" safely in the tooth base 40 are held, in which they engage. Disengagement is prevented in that the lower ends of the side formwork elements 1 and 2 continue to strive apart. The squared timbers 3 are now placed on the long yoke sections 9, and a formlining section 5 is placed thereon, the width of which corresponds exactly to the width of the beam to be produced on the underside thereof, and the length of which can extend over a plurality of side formwork elements arranged one behind the other, as a result of which the Side formwork elements are additionally aligned so that their formwork skin sections are very precisely aligned with one another. Now the two parts of the double clamp 7 are pushed further together, thereby moving the vertical formwork sections 18 with their lower area against the end faces of the formwork section 5 facing them, which form a stop, by means of which the distance between the side formwork elements 1 and 2 in their lower area is set. If, before the described pushing together process, the distance between the two ceiling beams 65 carrying the beam formwork was still somewhat too large, the ceiling beam 65 on the right in FIG. 11 is moved to the left because its hooks 70 engage behind the strip 32 of the side formwork element 2. If desired, when the side formwork elements have reached the position shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 relative to each other, the mutual movement of the two parts of the double clamp is blocked, in the exemplary embodiment by driving in the wedge 12. If desired, the double clamp can be designed in this way that a prestress can easily be generated to counteract the pressure of the liquid concrete. The position in which the double clamp 7 is attached to the somewhat closer side formwork elements 2 is shown in Fig. 12, in Fig. 13 the beam formwork is shown in the operational state, the side formwork elements and the double clamp the position shown in Fig. 2 to each other. FIG. 11 also shows a support made of concrete 78 for supporting the finished beam, the width of which can be seen in FIG. 11 corresponds exactly to the width of the beam to be produced in its lower region. The vertical formwork skin sections 18 of the two side formwork elements 1 and 2 lie flat in the area of the concrete support 78 on the upper edge area of their side walls 79 and 80. The height of the concrete support 78 is chosen so that a formwork skin element 5 arranged in front of the concrete support 78 in the viewing direction of FIGS. The same naturally applies to the rear of the concrete support 78 facing away from the viewer. There is therefore no formwork skin element 5 in the area above the concrete support 78, so that the finished beam rests directly on the concrete support 78 and, if appropriate, with it from the upper end of the concrete support 78 outstanding rebar can be connected. If the concrete prop 78 is narrower than that Beam 83, spacers in the required thickness are attached to the formwork sections 18 in the area of the concrete support, the top of which forms part of the formwork surface for the underside of the beam.

By appropriate cutting of the vertical formwork sections 18, the distance of the lower end face 20 of these formwork sections from the formwork level of the formwork section 16 is selected so that in the hanging process described above, the double clamp 7 taking into account the thickness of the formwork section 5 and a predetermined height of the square timbers 3 desired height of the beam results.

A pivoting movement of the carrier 25 from the position shown in Fig. 11 over the position shown in Fig. 13, in which the vertical formwork sections 18 run parallel to each other, is not possible in the embodiment, because when the vertical position of the formwork section 18 is reached, the Formwork skin section 18 facing away from surface 33 of the strip 32 on the adjacent surface 67 of the ceiling support 65, these two abutting parts thus form cooperating stops and the lower edge of the strip 32 cannot move away from the surface 67, because this is prevented by the hooks 70. Therefore, even if the formwork section 5 of the bottom formwork element should be removed for any reason in the formwork in accordance with FIG. 13, the double clamp 7 is prevented from falling off.

14 and 15 show the expansion of the joist formwork after the production of a concrete ceiling 82 with a joist 83. First, what is not shown, the double clamp 7 was removed by pulling its two parts apart and the squared timber 3 and the formwork section 5 were removed. Because of the concrete ceiling 82 and the beam 83, the lower ends of the side formwork elements 1 and 2 cannot pivot apart into the position shown in FIG. 11. The drop heads, which are not shown in the drawing and which hold the ceiling supports 65, are now lowered. The degree of lowering is greater than the height of the horizontal leg 15 of the side formwork elements 1, 2.

After lowering the ceiling beams 65, the side formwork elements 1, 2 are individually raised so far that the underside of the horizontal leg 15 is in a plane above the top 66 of the ceiling beam, then the raised side formwork element is moved toward the ceiling beam, so that the horizontal Leg 15 is now above the top 66 of the ceiling support 65, as shown in Fig. 15 in the left part, and can now by a pivoting movement, which is indicated in Fig. 15 in the right part, the side formwork element down through the space between the ceiling beam 65 and the joist 83 i erausgenommen _l, wherein the edge 35 describes between the formwork shell portions 16 and 18 roughly approximates a circular arc about the longitudinal axis of the ceiling beam. The fact that the horizontal leg 15 can be pushed over the ceiling support 65 gives the edge 35 a sufficient distance from the side surface of the beam 83. The length of the section 85 of the horizontal section projecting beyond the rear side of the strip 38 in a direction facing away from the formlining section 18 Leg 15 is dimensioned such that when the leg 15 is pushed over the formwork support 65, the formwork skin section 18 gains a sufficiently large distance from the side surface of the beam.

16 shows the formwork realized with the formwork according to the invention for an edge beam 87 which is located on the edge of a concrete ceiling 88. The two side formwork elements 111, 2 are not at the same height; rather, the ceiling support 65 in which the right side formwork element 2 is suspended in FIG. 16 is arranged at a greater height than the left ceiling support 65 in FIG. 16. The upper one The area of the vertical formlining 18 of the side formwork element 2 thereby simultaneously forms the side formwork for the right end face of the concrete ceiling 88. The side formwork element 111 differs from the side formwork element 2 only in that its formwork section 18 'has a lower height than the formwork section 18 of the element 2, so that the lower edge of the formwork section 18 'is approximately at the same height above the floor as in element 2. The difference in height to be achieved with the side formwork elements shown between two side formwork elements connected by a clamp 7 is due to the length of the toothing on the supports 25 determined. In the exemplary embodiment, the maximum possible height difference between the two side formwork elements 111, 2 has almost been reached.

A particular advantage of the formwork according to the invention is that the formwork can be assembled from individual parts at their final place of use, namely in the area of the beam to be produced, but it is also possible if this should be necessary for any reason, which in 1 and 2 shown fully assembled formwork to move as a whole. This is because the formwork section 5 of the lower formwork element is located at a height above the bar 51 and below the bar 55, which, with its faces 88 and 89 facing the respectively adjacent support 25, bear against the bar 38 or the outwardly projecting end of the teeth 39 , The side formwork elements 1, 2 can neither pivot about one of these strips 51, 55 nor about the end face of the formlining section 5 lying against them, and the arrangement shown in FIGS. 1, 2 is therefore completely stable in itself, without that it must be suspended from ceiling beams 65.

If a ceiling only has beams that are parallel to one another, the side formwork elements used to form the two side surfaces of a beam can be arranged without difficulty so that they are almost exactly opposite one another, as shown in FIG. 1. Such an arrangement of the side formwork elements is by no means necessary in this application. If a girder meets another girder at a right angle, an exactly opposite arrangement of the side formwork elements that form the two side surfaces is generally not possible in the course of the continuous girder, as shown in FIG. 17, which shows a schematic plan view of the arrangement of side formwork elements for formwork of a ceiling is, which has a long beam 91, which is supported in the region of its ends and its center by concrete supports 92, 93, 94, and in the region of the center and one end of the beam 91 has shorter beams 95 and 96 extending transversely thereto, the Ends are also supported by concrete supports 97 and 98 and are connected by a beam 99, which in turn runs parallel to the beam 91. For better differentiation of immediately following side formwork elements, a small space is left between them in the drawing. Side formwork elements 1 are shown, which all have the same length, as well as shorter side formwork elements 1 ', which can be of different lengths. The course of the vertical formwork section 18 is each denoted by a thick line, and in addition, for those side formwork elements 1 ″ which have a formwork section 62 running perpendicularly to the formwork section 18 and vertically (FIG. 9), this formwork section is also indicated by a thick line horizontal leg 15 is also indicated, where there are only relatively small gaps between adjacent side formwork elements, these are closed by a simple formlining, which is only indicated with outline lines. The arrangement of the double clamps or simple clamps is not shown, where this is possible, double clamps 7 are expediently used, where there is no space for them, clamps 43.

18 shows the girder formwork in the operating position in the area of the concrete support 78. The upper end of the concrete support 78 protrudes slightly above the formwork level of the horizontal formwork skin section 5. The formwork surfaces of the side formwork elements 1 and 2 rest against the side surfaces of the concrete support 78 which are perpendicular to the plane of the drawing.

FIG. 19 shows another embodiment of the lower end of the supports 25 of the side formwork elements 1, 2. Here, instead of the plate 42 (FIG. 2), a plate 115 projecting further back is provided, the free end 116 of which forms an upward hook. The length of the part of the plate 115 protruding rearward over the teeth 39 is dimensioned such that when the formwork is mounted on the obliquely hanging side formwork elements 1, 2, the clamp 7 can initially be temporarily suspended on hook 116 before it is raised to the desired height . When hanging, the bar 51 of the clamp 7 is engaged behind by the hook 116, so that the clamp 7 is held securely by the hook 116 and cannot slide off the plate 115, even if the side formwork elements 1 which are still hanging at an angle during the erection work for the formwork and 2 received a very powerful impact which tends to pivot them into the position shown in FIG.

The length of the side formwork elements 1 measured in the direction of the beam to be produced is 125 cm in the exemplary embodiment, the height of the side formwork elements measured from the plate 42 is 80 cm, the width of the upper formwork section 16 is 25 cm, and the area projecting beyond the bar 38 85 of the horizontal leg 15 is 14 cm wide. The strips 51 and 55 are formed by a square hollow profile with an edge length of 4 cm, the long yoke section 9 is formed by a square hollow profile with 6 cm edge length, the edge length of the hollow profile of the short yoke section 10 is 7 cm. The side surfaces of the hollow sections forming the yoke sections 9 and 10 lie in a horizontal or vertical plane. As described above, it may be advantageous to provide the yoke section 10 with an inner width that is markedly larger than the outer width of the yoke section 9 (this width is measured in the horizontal direction). A game in height (in the vertical direction) should, however, be largely switched off, at least when the formwork is ready, so that the clamp sections in the view of FIG. 2 are connected to one another at an angle. In the clamp 43, the strips 51 and 55 have a length of 41 cm, in the double clamp 7 a length of 124 cm. In the exemplary embodiment, the formwork elements are dimensioned such that beams with maximum dimensions of 55 cm in height (plus the thickness of the ceiling) and 60 cm in width can be shelled. With these dimensions, most of the existing orders for joists can be recorded. The metal parts are made of steel in this embodiment. If, on the other hand, aluminum is used in another embodiment of the invention, and a change in the profile dimensions may be expedient for static reasons, the side formwork elements and the clamp can be produced with a considerably lower weight.

It goes without saying that the dimensions described are only examples; depending on the application and static requirements, other dimensions can also be selected.

In the embodiment of the invention shown in FIGS. 20 to 24, the lower ends of the side formwork elements 130 and 131, in contrast to the previous embodiments, are not held together with a clamp-shaped device comprising these ends, but are fastened to the bottom 132 of the formwork with fastening means attached. The side formwork elements 130 and 131 each have two spaced apart supports 133, which have a hollow, box-shaped metal profile and have a vertical leg 135 and a horizontal leg 136. On the inner surface of the vertical legs 135, a formlining 137 is riveted, which extends downwards so far that it extends even to the lower edge of a beam, even for the largest height beams, for the maximum size of which the formwork is intended. As shown in FIG. 20, the formlining 137 can also extend to the lower end of the vertical leg 135 of the carrier 133.

In Fig. 22, the lower end of the formlining 137 is at a distance from the lower end of the carrier 133. It can reach down so far that the lower edge of the formwork facing the upper edge of the floor formwork (lower formwork element) when it is in its lowermost position the carriers 135 is attached.

A formwork skin 16, which forms part of the slab formwork, is in turn fastened on the horizontal leg 136 of the beam 133 welded to the vertical leg. At the outer longitudinal edge of the formlining 16 is followed by a downward bar 32, which corresponds to the bar 32 in the embodiment of FIG. 1. On the end faces of the horizontal section of the side parts 130, 131, strips 30 with the cutouts 75 and 76 are again provided as in the embodiment according to FIG. 1, but are not shown in FIG. 22. The recesses 75 and 76 and the lower edge of the strip 32, which is fastened to the end faces of the horizontal legs 136, are used for hanging in the adjacent ceiling support 65 or in an adjacent drop head of a ceiling support 134. The recesses 75, 76 and the lower edge of the strip 32 define, as in the embodiment according to FIGS. 19 to 19, the pivot axis 138 about which the side formwork elements 130 and 131 can pivot when formworking and when stripping.

The bottom 132 of the joist formwork is formed by a formwork skin which rests on floor supports 138 and 139, which are shown in plan view in FIGS. 23 and 24. The floor support 138 consists of a sheet-metal part 151 which is U-shaped in plan view, one leg 140 of which rests against the formlining 137 of the side formwork element 130 and the other leg 141 in the cases where the width of the beam with the yoke width of the U-shaped sheet 151 matches, would rest against the formlining 137 of the side formwork element 131. If, however, the width of the beam is larger, three spacers 152 made of wood or the like, for example, are arranged between the leg 141 and the formlining of the side form element 131.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 24, the floor support consists of two sheets 142 and 143, which are also U-shaped in cross section, the yokes of which abut one another and the legs of which face away from one another. The U cross section of the sheets 142 and 143 of the embodiment shown in FIG. 24 runs horizontally. In contrast, the U cross-section of the sheet 151 in the embodiment according to FIG. 23 runs vertically.

The sheets 142 and 143 have end plates 144 on the end faces adjacent to the formwork skins 137, with which they rest against the formwork skins 137. Two rows of holes 145 arranged one above the other are provided in the yoke of the sheet 142 and 143 rows of holes 146 in the yoke of the sheet. However, the distance between the individual holes in the row of holes 145 is somewhat smaller than the distance between the holes in the row of holes 146, so that the length of the floor support 139 can be selected in small steps by inserting screws into aligned holes.

Holes 147 penetrating the formwork skin 137 are also provided at regular intervals in the vertical legs 135. Holes are also provided in the end plates 144 of the carrier 139 and in the legs 140 and 141 and in the spacers 152, the spacing of which, however, is somewhat smaller than the spacing of the holes 147. These holes and the holes 147 serve to receive the fastening means which the Attach floor brackets 138, 139 to the side formwork elements 130 and 131. Such a fastening means can be, for example, a wedge bolt 148 which is tightened with a wedge 149 which engages in a slot in its outer end. Screws or the like can also serve as fastening means, for example also anchor rods, which then extend from the outer surface of the vertical leg 135 of the side formwork element 131 to the outer surface of the vertical leg 135 of the side formwork element 130 and at the ends of which engage suitable fastening means which engage the side formwork elements Press 130 and 131 against the end face of floor supports 138 and 139. The means 138 and 139 which fasten the floor supports to the side formwork elements 130 and 131 should, however, be detachable for the purpose of striking the formwork, so that the formwork formwork can be broken down into its individual elements when formwork is stripped, which can be carried by a man comfortably. If the side formwork elements 130 and 131 are to be removed first, but the surface formwork of the girder should remain on the girder for an even longer time, for example up to the load-bearing capacity of the concrete Before loosening the fasteners 148, the floor supports 138 and 139 are supported by additional supports, for example by supports 149 which support a side member 150 on which the floor supports 138 and 139 rest.

However, the support structure 149, 150 is not only required if the surface formwork of the girder is to remain on the girder despite the removal of the side formwork elements 130 and 131, but also if, as shown in FIG. 21, only the side formwork element 131 is used when formworking is suspended in the ceiling formwork and then the floor beams 139 with the formwork floor 132, but not yet the side formwork element 130 are installed. In this section of the formwork work shown in FIG. 21 when the side formwork element 130 is missing, the beam reinforcement can be introduced from the side, which is otherwise closed by the side formwork element 130. The support structure 149, 150 provided in this case, which engages on the underside of the floor support 139, is omitted, however, if, according to FIG. 11, both side formwork elements are already hooked into the ceiling formwork and the formwork floor is fastened to both side formwork elements before the floor 132 is loaded .

The formwork of the side formwork elements 130 and 131 is removed by loosening the fastening means 148 by pivoting about the pivot axis 138. In order to be able to carry out such a pivoting movement well, the side formwork element 130 has a haunch 152 on its upper edge, the formwork skin 16 of which is formed with the horizontally arranged formwork skin Edge 153 and its edge 154 formed with the vertical formlining 137 lie on a circular arc around the pivot axis 138. In this case, it is also possible to pivot and remove the side formwork element 130 about the axis 138 when the pivot axis 138 runs on the lower outer edge of the horizontal leg 136 without the ceiling longitudinal member 65 having already been lowered with the aid of a drop head. In this case too, a small amount of stripping play can be provided, which is, however, usually present in the case of slab formwork in the direction of the formwork level, especially when part of the slab formwork has already been removed. The latter usually applies in practice, since the joist often stays on longer than the ceiling. But even if only the side formwork elements are to be removed from the joist formwork, but not the ceiling formwork, a minimal, generally always existing, formwork clearance is sufficient in the embodiment of the side formwork element 130 with haunch 152. If, however, the haunch 152 is missing in the embodiment of the side formwork element 131, then it is expedient to lower the ceiling longitudinal member 65 with the aid of a drop head, as shown in FIG. 15, and then remove the side formwork element 131 as described in FIG.

Those holes 147 which are located in the area of the section of the formwork facing 137 which comes into contact with the concrete are sealed in the formwork facing 137 by plugs.

Also in this embodiment of the invention it is ensured that all elements of the beam formwork can be produced not only when formwork, but also when stripping by hand and in such dimensions that they can be quickly and easily removed by a single man without specialist knowledge. Even when stripping without a support structure 149, 150, no parts can fall to the ground, since only the fastening means 148 have to be loosened and then the floor formwork first loosens, whereas the Side formwork elements are still hung on the ceiling. Since the formlining extends down to the maximum height of the beam, the formwork remains on the beams even with lower beams, so that the height of the formwork covering does not have to be adapted to the respective height of the beam and therefore the side formwork element without the use of formwork cuts also for Edge bars and corners can be used. In addition, this construction is extremely rigid due to the relatively high floor supports 138, 139.

Claims (65)

1. System shuttering for a concrete floor comprising a bearer, with lateral shuttering members (1, 2, 61, 130, 131) suspended from above and detachably from a support, for the side faces of the bearer, whereof the shuttering membrane (137) is attached to joists (65) extending at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the bearer, with lower shuttering members for the lower face of the bearer, which comprise at least one shuttering membrane and with fastening means (7, 9, 148) for the lateral shuttering members (1, 2, 61, 130, 131), which fastening means can be released when removing the shuttering, characterised in that at least the lateral shuttering members (1, 2, 61, 130, 131) of one side are suspended to swing from the floor shuttering (floor joist 65) and comprise projections (strip 32) and/or bearing boxes, which cooperate with bearing boxes (69, 70) and/or projections of a part (65) of the floor shuttering.

2. Shuttering according to claim 1, characterised in that the lateral shuttering member comprises in manner known per se an arm (15) forming a section of the floor shuttering, for the swivelling suspension of the lateral shuttering member (1, 2) from the floor shuttering.

3. Shuttering according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that means arranged on the floor shuttering comprise parts of hook- like cross section for the swivelling suspension of the lateral shuttering member.

4. Shuttering according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the swivel axis (138) extends in the immediate vicinity of the end of the horizontal arm (15) remote from the bearer.

5. Shuttering according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the swivel axis extends at a distance from the end of the horizontal arm (15).

6. Shuttering according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the swivel axis (138) extends in the immediate vicinity of the shuttering membrane (16) of the arm (15).

7. Shuttering according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the axis (138) of the swivelling movement extends at a distance from the shuttering membrane (16) of the floor shuttering.

8. Shuttering according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the swivel axis (138) for the swivelling movement of the lateral shuttering member (1, 2) extends below the end remote from the bearer (83), of the shuttering surface of the arm (15) of the lateral shuttering member (1, 2) forming the floor shuttering section.

9. Shuttering according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the horizontal shuttering membrane (16) of the lateral shuttering member (130) passes into the vertical shuttering membrane (137) by way of a circular arc section, whereof the radius intersects the swivel axis.

10. Shuttering according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the horizontal shuttering membrane (16) of the lateral shuttering member (130) passes into the vertical shuttering membrane (137) by way of a haunch.

11. Shuttering according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the lateral shuttering members are suspended from a part (floor joist 65) of the floor shuttering connected to a drop head.

12. Shuttering according to claim 11, characterised in that the greatest thickness of the arm (15) forming the floor shuttering section is so much smaller than the drop height of the drop heads that at the time of removing the shuttering, this arm can be raised and slid over the edge of the shuttering face of the floor shuttering and that the length of this arm (15) is chosen so that in this position the lateral shuttering member (32) is able to swing about the upper edge (84) of the end face (66) of the floor shuttering member (65) adjacent the bearer (83) so far that the lateral shuttering member (1, 2) can be removed from the floor shuttering by pulling-out the arm between the edge of the floor shuttering and the bearer (83).

13. Shuttering according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the lateral shuttering member (1, 2) is suspended from a joist (65) of the floor shuttering.

14. Shuttering according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterised in that the floor shuttering member is suspended directly from a drop head of a floor support.

15. Shuttering according to one of the preceding cli,ims, characterised in that the swinging movement of the lateral shuttering members (1, 2) directed towards the bearer, about their suspension (69) on the floor shuttering (65) is limited by a stop (33, 67) in the position in which the lateral shuttering member (1, 2) forms the intended angle with the adjoining floor shuttering member (65).

16. Shuttering according to claim 15, characterised in that the stop (33, 67) is formed by the abutment of a part (15) of the lateral shuttering member (1, 2) against a floor shuttering member (65).

17. Shuttering according to claim 16, characterised in that the stop limiting the swinging movement is formed by the abutment of the side face (67) of the floor joist (65) against the strip (32) connecting the webs (30) of the lateral shuttering member.

18. Shuttering according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the floor joist (65) comprises on its side face (67), at a distance from the shuttering face, hooks (70) open at the top.

19. Shuttering according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the arm (15) of the lateral shuttering member (1, 2) forming the floor shuttering section comprises on its underside a strip (32) projecting downwards and engaging in the base of a hook.

20. Shuttering according to claim 19, characterised in that the strip (32) is connected by webs (30) extending at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the bearer, to the joist of the lateral shuttering member and that on their lower edge, these webs have an opening (75) for receiving the hook (70) of the joist (65) of the floor shuttering.

21. Shuttering according to claim 20, characterised in that the mutual spacing of the fastening means (70) on the floor joist (65) is smaller than the length of the strip (32) engaging in these fastening means.

22. Shuttering according to claim 20, characterised in that a shallower opening (76) adjoins the opening (75) in the webs (30), serving to receive the fastening means (70).

23. Shuttering according to one of claims 21 to 22, characterised in that the webs (30) bent away from the support (25) of the lateral shuttering member (1, 2) support the shuttering membrane (16) of the floor shuttering section (15) of the lateral shuttering member and that the ends of the webs of adjacent joists are connected to each other by a strip (32).

24. Shuttering according to claim 23, characterised in that the webs (30) are connected to each other in pairs by the strip (32).

25. Shuttering according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the lower shuttering members (3, 5) are longer than the lateral shuttering members (1, 2).

26. Shuttering according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that attached in the lower region of the inner face of the shuttering membrane of the lateral shuttering members are bearing strips, which serve for the support of the lower shuttering member.

27. Shuttering according to claim 1, characterised in that after the suspension of the lateral shuttering member (1) or (2), the horizontal and/or vertical shuttering membrane sections (16) or (18) can be attached to the latter.

28. Shuttering according to one of the preceding claims with bearer clamps, characterised in that in manner known per se their yokes are attached to the lateral shuttering members at a selectable height.

29. Shuttering with bearer clamps whereof the yokes are attached at a selectable height to lateral shuttering members, according to claim 28, characterised in that the yoke (9, 10) of the clamp (7, 43) can be brought up from below into its fixing position on the lateral shuttering members (1, 2) and its effective length is adjustable.

30. Shuttering according to claim 29, characterised in that the yoke (9, 10) comprises sections (9, 10) able to slide telescopically one in the other and means (wedge 12) for securing these sections.

31. Shuttering according to claim 29, characterised in that the yoke comprises a yoke bar and two sections able to slide on it and to be fixed in position.

32. Shuttering according to claim 30 or 31, characterised in that the sections (9, 10) can be fixed in position by fixing devices (12) comprising wedge surfaces.

33. Shuttering according to claim 30 or 31, characterised in that the sections can be fixed in position by a clamping rod extending along the yoke axis.

34. Shuttering according to claim 29 or 30, characterised in that a short section (10) of the yoke is arranged to slide on the long section (9) of the yoke and that the length of the long yoke section (9) is chosen so that in all customary working positions, the free end of the long section (9) emerges beyond the rear end of the short section (10), that a stirrup member (46) is arranged on the rear end of the short yoke section (10), in which stirrup member a wedge (12) engaging on the other yoke section (9) can be inserted.

35. Shuttering according to one of claims 28 to 34, characterised in that the lower shuttering member (5) is located between the lower ends of the lateral shuttering members (1, 2) and these ends are clamped by the clamps (7, 43) against the end faces of the lower shuttering member (5).

36. Shuttering according to one of claims 28 to 35, characterised in that the supports (25) of the lateral shuttering members (1, 2) comprise extensions projecting beyond the lower end (20) of the shuttering membrane (18).

37. Shuttering according to one of claims 28 to 35, characterised in that teeth (39) are provided on the rear side of the lateral shuttering member (1, 2) and projecting at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the bearer, which teeth serve for selecting the mounting height of the lower shuttering member (3, 5).

38. Shuttering according to claim 37, characterised in that the spacing of the teeth amounts to between 1.5 and 4 cm, preferably to between 2 and 3 cm.

39. Shuttering according to claim 37, characterised in that attached to the sections (9, 10) of the yoke which are able to slide with respect to each other is a ledge (52) extending at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the yoke, which ledge is suitable for engagement in the bases of the teeth (40) between the teeth (39).

40. Shuttering according to one of claims 37 to 39, characterised in that the teeth (39) are provided on the support (25).

41. Shuttering according to one of claims 36 to 40, characterised in that the yoke of the clamps engages on the extensions of the support.

42. Shuttering according to one of claims 39 to 41, characterised in that the ledge (52) serving for engagement in the bases of the teeth (40) is located below the yoke (9, 10) of the clamps (7, 43).

43. Shuttering according to one of claims 39 to 41, characterised in that the ledge intended for engagement in the teeth is located above the yoke of the clamps.

44. Shuttering according to one of claims 28 to 43, characterised in that at a distance above the shuttering membrane (5) of the lower shuttering member, two sections (7, 7') of the clamps comprise stops (ledge 55) arranged at a rigid angle with respect to the longitudinal axis of the yoke, which stops serve for abutment against the side of the lateral shuttering member (1, 2) remote from the shuttering membrane and are arranged so that when the clamp (7, 43) is under tension, the lateral shuttering member is at the desired angle with respect to the lateral shuttering member.

45. Shuttering according to claim 44, characterised in that the stop is formed by a ledge (55) extending at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the yoke.

46. Shuttering according to claim 44 or 45, characterised in that the clamp sections (7', 7") comprise two stops (51, 52) acting on the rear side of the lateral shuttering members (1, 2) at different heights.

47. Shuttering according to claim 46, characterised in that a stop (ledge 55) acts above the plane of the shuttering membrane (5) of the lower shuttering member (3, 5) and the other stop (ledge 51) acts below this plane on the rear side of the lateral shuttering member (1, 2).

48. Shuttering according to one of claims 28 to 47, characterised in that two adjacent clamps (43) are connected to each other in pairs by the ledge (52) engaging in the bases of the teeth (40).

49. Shuttering according to one of claims 28 to 47, characterised in that two adjacent clamps are connected to each other by a ledge, which extends at a distance above the yoke and at right angles to its longitudinal axis and that this ledge forms the stop for the lateral shuttering.

50. Shuttering according to one of claims 48 and 49, characterised in that the ledge engaging in the bases of the teeth at the same time forms the stop ledge.

51. Shuttering according to one of claims 28 to 50, characterised in that the lower shuttering members (3, 5) are supported on the yokes (9) of the clamps (7).

52. Shuttering according to claim 51, characterised in that the lower shuttering members (3, 5) consist of square timbers (3) arranged on the yokes (9) and of a shuttering membrane (5) laid loosely thereabove.

53. Shuttering according to claim 52, charac- . terised in that the square timbers (3) are laid loosely on the yokes (9).

54. Shuttering according to one of claims 28 to 54, characterised in that provided at the lower end of the part comprising the teeth (39) is a projection (42) projecting beyond the length of a tooth.

55. Shuttering according to claim 54, characterised in that this projection is formed by a plate (42) located at the lower end of the extension of the support (25), which plate at the same time forms a platform plate for the lateral shuttering member (1, 2).

56. Shuttering according to claim 54 or 55, characterised in that at its free end the projection comprises a hook (116) directed upwards.

57. Shuttering according to one of claims 1 to 27, characterised in that the lateral shuttering members (130, 131) are detachably connected to each other by ground supports (138, 139), which extend from the inner face of one lateral shuttering member (130) to the inner face of the other lateral shuttering member (131) and that the fastening means (148) between at least one end of a ground support and the adjacent lateral shuttering member are detachable for removing the shuttering.

58. Shuttering according to claim 57, characterised in that the holes (147) passing through the shuttering membrane (137) are provided for the fastening means (148) between the ground supports (138, 139) and lateral shuttering member (130, 131).

59. Shuttering according to one of the preceding claims, apart from claim 27, characterised in that the shuttering membrane (137) of the lateral shuttering members (130, 131) is attached to the vertical arms (135) of supports (133) of a lateral shuttering member (130, 131) upto the depth which corresponds to a height of the bearer for which the shuttering is intended to be maximum.

60. Shuttering according to one of claims 57 to 59, characterised in that the shuttering membrane (137) attached to the arms (135) of the support (133) of the lateral shuttering member, extending parallel to the side faces of the bearer and at right angles to its longitudinal axis, ex_- tends from the upper end of the support adjoining the arm (136) parallel to the surface of the floor downwards as far as the upper edge of a ground support (139) attached to the arms (135) in its lowest position.

61. Shuttering according to one of claims 57 to 60, characterised in that on their end face the ground supports (139) comprise a plate (44), which extends over several holes in the shuttering membrane (137) and that provided in this plate is a row of holes, whereof the holes are at a distance apart which is smaller than the spacing of the holes (147) in the shuttering membrane.

62. Shuttering according to one of claims 57 to 61, characterised in that the ground support (139) is formed by two plates (142,143) placed on edge and attached to each other with a staggered relationship, in which case the plates comprise at least two rows of holes arranged one above the other and the holes of the rows of one plate (142) are at a distance apart, which varies from the spacing of the holes of the rows in the other plate (143).

63. Shuttering according to claim 62, characterised in that the plates (142, 143) are strengthened by bending over their edges.

64. Shuttering according to claim 10, characterised in that the edges (153) of the haunch (152) with the horizontal shuttering surface (16) and the edge (154) of the haunch (152) with the vertical shuttering surface (137) lie approximately on a circular arc about the swivel axis (138).

65. Shuttering according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the shuttering surface of the arms (135) of the support (133) of the lateral shuttering member (130) extending parallel to the side faces of the bearer and at right angles to its longitudinal axis extends at right angles to the perpendicular line from the edge formed by these arms (135) and the arms (136) parallel to the floor shuttering, the swivel axis (138).

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