EP0049075B1 - Valve seat inserts for internal combustion engines - Google Patents

Valve seat inserts for internal combustion engines Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0049075B1
EP0049075B1 EP81304292A EP81304292A EP0049075B1 EP 0049075 B1 EP0049075 B1 EP 0049075B1 EP 81304292 A EP81304292 A EP 81304292A EP 81304292 A EP81304292 A EP 81304292A EP 0049075 B1 EP0049075 B1 EP 0049075B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
aperture
valve
valve seat
axis
charge
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81304292A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0049075A1 (en
Inventor
Roger Harvey Slee
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Federal Mogul Coventry Ltd
Original Assignee
Brico Engineering Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=10516228&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0049075(B1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Brico Engineering Ltd filed Critical Brico Engineering Ltd
Publication of EP0049075A1 publication Critical patent/EP0049075A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0049075B1 publication Critical patent/EP0049075B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
    • F02F1/42—Shape or arrangement of intake or exhaust channels in cylinder heads
    • F02F1/4235—Shape or arrangement of intake or exhaust channels in cylinder heads of intake channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
    • F01L3/06—Valve members or valve-seats with means for guiding or deflecting the medium controlled thereby, e.g. producing a rotary motion of the drawn-in cylinder charge
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B1/00—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression
    • F02B1/02—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition
    • F02B1/04—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition with fuel-air mixture admission into cylinder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/12—Other methods of operation
    • F02B2075/125—Direct injection in the combustion chamber for spark ignition engines, i.e. not in pre-combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B2275/00—Other engines, components or details, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F02B2275/22—Side valves
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the invention relats to a valve seat insert for locating in an annular step of an inlet valve of a reciprocating internal combustion engine, the valve seat insert being of the kind comprising an annular valve-engaging surface extending around an aperture whose periphery is defined by an edge of the valve seat insert and wherein the area of said aperture to one side of a plane including the axis of the annular valve-engaging surface is larger than the area of the aperture to the other side of said plane to alter the flow of an incoming charge passing through said aperture.
  • the aperture is of circular cross-section and is centered on the axis of the annular valve-engaging surface; they are therefore axisymmetrical.
  • the flow of charge into the cylinder, when the valve is open also tends to be axisymmetrical, within limits imposed by the shape of the combustion space.
  • a valve seat insert which is provided with a restrictor in the form of a blade of a sickle with flat upstream and downstream surfaces and a surface connecting the upstream and downstream surfaces and meeting these surfaces in sharp edges.
  • the purpose of this restrictor is to produce a swirling cylinder charge.
  • Such a restrictor has, however, the disadvantage that the flat surface and sharp edges can produce excessive turbulence of the cylinder charge and also excessive throttling, which can be disadvantageous in many types of engine.
  • the invention is characterised in that the smaller of said areas is formed by two curved sections meeting at a cusp directed towards said axis, each curved section having associated therewith a flow directing surface which extends radially outwardly from the edge of the associated section and which, in planes including said axis and cutting said surface, is concavely curved so that an incoming charge passing to said aperture in a path generally parallel to the axis of said annular valve-engaging surface is deflected smoothly from said path by said flow directing surfaces on passage through said aperture, the charge, when deflected, forming two diverging streams whose direction and velocity profile are controlled by the shape of said curved section and the associated flow directing surfaces.
  • a valve controlled inlet of an internal combustion engine comprises an inlet passage 10 leading from a supply of fuel/air mixture and terminating in an annular step (not shown) which holds a valve seat insert 11.
  • a valve 12 has a stem 21 extending along the inlet passage 10 and passing through the valve seat insert 11 to terminate in a head 13 provided with the usual bevelled annular seating portion 14.
  • the valve seat insert 11 is made by a powder metallurgy process in which a suitable metal powder is compacted in a press having a cavity of corresponding shape and then heated to sinter the powder, for example as described in the GB-A-1,461,273. Alternatively, it may be cast.
  • the valve seat insert comprises an annular valve-engaging surface 15 which has a bevel which is a mating fit with the bevelled seating portion 14 of the valve head 13.
  • the axis which is the centre of the annulus formed by said valve-engaging surface is designated at 16 in Figure 2.
  • An edge 17 of the valve seat insert 11 defines the periphery of an aperture 18 through which the fuel/air mixture passes when the valve 12 is open.
  • the shape of the aperture 18 is such that the area of said aperture 18 to one side of a plane 22 including the axis 16 is larger than the area of the aperture 18 to the other side of said plane.
  • This plane 22 divides the edge 17 of the valve seat insert 11 into a longer portion 17 a bounding the larger area and a shorter portion 17b bounding the smaller area.
  • the longer edge portion .17a is shaped as an arc of a circle whose centre lies on the axis 16 and which has a radius R.
  • the shorter edge portion 17b comprises two curved sections 17f and 17g each extending from a respective one of the ends of the longer edge portion 17a and meeting at a cusp 23 whose distance from the axis 16 is less than the radius R.
  • the cusp 23 lies in a plane including the axis 16 and intersecting the longer edge portion 17a at a point along the length thereof intermediate the ends of the portion 17a.
  • the curved sections 17f and 17g form an edge of a flow-directing surface 20, which is before the valve-engaging surface 15 in the direction of travel of fuel/air mixture through the valve seat and which extends from the curved edges 17f and 17g in a direction radially outward relative to the axis 16.
  • the surface 20 is concavely curved in cross-sectional planes including the axis 16 and cutting the surface.
  • valve seat insert is incorporated into an internal combustion engine 30 (Fig. 3) having one or more cylinders 31 within which a piston 32 reciprocates to compress a charge of air or of fuel/air mixture introduced into the cylinder through the valve-controlled inlet.
  • the compressed mixture is ignited by compression of the charge, in a compression-ignition engine, or by a spark plug 33, in a spark-ignition engine, to move the piston in a working stroke before the products of combustion are exhausted through a valve controlled outlet.
  • the valve controlled outlet receives the charge of air or of fuel/air mixture from an induction system as is well known.
  • the charge passing along the inlet passage 10 from the induction system travels in a path generally parallel to the axis 16, when the valve 12 is open. on reaching the valve seat insert 11 the charge is deflected from said path by the asymmetric shape of the aperture 18 and by the flow-directing surface 20 and the curved sections 17f and 17g, and travels in two diverging streams, the charge air of fuel/air mixture in each stream having a maximum velocity at the centre of the stream as shown diagrammatically in Fig. 2 by the arrows B.
  • higher-speed portions of the fuel/air mixture are directed into the cylinder, and at the sparking plug, in a spark ignition engine, with the remainder of the mixture dispersing through the cylinder in a turbulent manner, due to the velocity gradient imparted to the mixture.
  • a similar effect is produced in a direct-injection compression-ignition engine by the velocity profile imparted to the charge air.
  • the mixture of fuel/air droplets passing along the inlet passage 10 has the fuel entrained in the air in the form of vapour, finely-divided droplets and somewhat larger droplets.
  • the larger fuel droplets have a much higher inertia than the small droplets and the vapour and, when moving, have a higher directional stability than the smaller droplets and than the vapour.
  • the larger droplets are directed towards the spark plug and, due to their higher directional stability, reach the spark plug while the remainder of the fuel disperses into the cylinder.
  • the shapes of the curved sections 17f and 17g and of the flow-directing surface 20 ensure that this change of direction is achieved smoothly with little turbulence and loss of momentum in the throat of the inlet port and also ensures that the larger droplets proceed in the required path towards the spark plug.
  • the spark As the spark plug, the spark generates an ionised corona with zones around the corona containing a rapidly expanding gas plasma including several ignition nucleii on the boundaries of the zone.
  • the raw fuel droplets feed these nucleii by providing sources of chemical radials and thus sustain the flame in the cylinder once it has been initiated, to prevent flame extinction and mis-firing.
  • the spark plug Because the larger fuel droplets are not evenly spread throughout the cylinder but are directed around the spark plug, the spark plug operates in a zone in which the fuel/air ratio is apparently higher than the actual fuel/air ratio delivered from the supply. This action provides improved starting of a spark ignition reciprocating internal combustion engine and also tends to yield greater power, better fuel economy and lower exhaust temperatures than engines having valve seat inserts in which the aperture is of a circular cross-section centered on the axis 16.
  • valve seat insert described with reference to Figures 1, 2 and 3 has been tested in a spark-ignition four-stroke petrol engine, and was found to give substantially improved fuel economy and better starting characteristics.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)
EP81304292A 1980-09-23 1981-09-17 Valve seat inserts for internal combustion engines Expired EP0049075B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8030688 1980-09-23
GB8030688 1980-09-23

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0049075A1 EP0049075A1 (en) 1982-04-07
EP0049075B1 true EP0049075B1 (en) 1984-07-18

Family

ID=10516228

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81304292A Expired EP0049075B1 (en) 1980-09-23 1981-09-17 Valve seat inserts for internal combustion engines

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4438740A (zh)
EP (1) EP0049075B1 (zh)
JP (1) JPS57116115A (zh)
DE (1) DE3164891D1 (zh)
ES (1) ES268715Y (zh)

Families Citing this family (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3239353A1 (de) * 1982-10-23 1984-04-26 M.A.N. Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nürnberg AG, 8900 Augsburg Ventilsitzring fuer einen einlasskanal von ventilgesteuerten brennkraftmaschinen
DE3347518C2 (de) * 1983-12-30 1986-09-25 M.A.N. Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nürnberg AG, 8900 Augsburg Einlaßkanal im Zylinderkopf einer Brennkraftmaschine
YU78487A (en) * 1986-05-05 1990-12-31 Ingersoll Rand Co Process and valve assembly for improving mixing of air and fuel
JP3394363B2 (ja) * 1995-06-28 2003-04-07 ヤマハ発動機株式会社 エンジン用シリンダヘッド
US5601061A (en) * 1996-05-16 1997-02-11 Caterpillar Inc. Engine intake air deflector
JP4022006B2 (ja) 1998-06-09 2007-12-12 ヤンマー株式会社 内燃機関の吸気ポート形状
US6089203A (en) * 1998-12-23 2000-07-18 Ford Global Technologies, Inc. Internal combustion engine with offset intake valve seat for improved intake charge motion
US6436338B1 (en) 1999-06-04 2002-08-20 L. E. Jones Company Iron-based alloy for internal combustion engine valve seat inserts
JP3676967B2 (ja) * 2000-08-14 2005-07-27 新潟原動機株式会社 シリンダヘッド
KR20040049655A (ko) * 2002-12-06 2004-06-12 현대자동차주식회사 디젤 엔진의 연소실
JP3829818B2 (ja) * 2003-04-18 2006-10-04 日産自動車株式会社 内燃機関の吸気装置
FR2889247A3 (fr) 2005-07-26 2007-02-02 Renault Sas Dispositif, pour moteur a combustion interne, de generation d'aerodynamique variable a partir d'injection d'air dans les conduits d'admission de la culasse
DE112007000294A5 (de) * 2006-03-14 2009-02-26 Avl List Gmbh Gaswechselkanal für eine Brennkraftmaschine
AT501934B1 (de) * 2006-08-28 2008-05-15 Avl List Gmbh Gaswechselkanal für eine brennkraftmaschine
FR2910065B1 (fr) * 2006-12-18 2009-01-23 Renault Sas Culasse comprenant des conduits d'admission pourvus d'anneaux generateurs de tourbillons.
FR2916798A3 (fr) * 2007-06-01 2008-12-05 Renault Sas Siege de soupape anti-reflux
DE102013225903A1 (de) * 2013-12-13 2015-06-18 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Bauteil mit einem Ventilsitz sowie Ventilsitzring
DE202014007837U1 (de) * 2014-11-07 2016-02-11 GM Global Technology Operations LLC (n. d. Ges. d. Staates Delaware) Einlasskanal in einen Brennraum einer Brennkraftmaschine
JP6593370B2 (ja) * 2017-02-28 2019-10-23 トヨタ自動車株式会社 内燃機関
US10767520B1 (en) * 2019-08-19 2020-09-08 Caterpillar Inc. Valve seat insert for long life natural gas lean burn engines
CN111287862B (zh) * 2020-05-13 2020-09-29 潍柴动力股份有限公司 一种气缸盖与一种燃气发动机
CN113404609B (zh) * 2021-08-19 2021-12-21 潍柴动力股份有限公司 一种气缸盖与一种燃气发动机

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US1512952A (en) * 1919-06-30 1924-10-28 Advance Rumely Co Reatomizer
GB410047A (en) * 1933-12-14 1934-05-10 Paul Rudolph Hasson Improvements relating to the inlet passages of the cylinders of internal combustion engines
US2921571A (en) * 1954-07-31 1960-01-19 Maschf Augsburg Nuernberg Ag Intake passage for internal combustion engines
DE1292939B (de) * 1963-03-05 1969-04-17 Daimler Benz Ag Einlasskanal im Zylinderkopf einer Brennkraftmaschine
CH498288A (de) * 1968-10-30 1970-10-31 Sulzer Ag Anordnung zur Erzeugung einer Drallbewegung der Zylinderfüllung einer Kolbenbrennkraftmaschine
DE1814694C3 (de) * 1968-12-14 1975-12-04 Daimler-Benz Ag, 7000 Stuttgart Ventilkammer fur das Einlaßventil einer Viertakt-Brennkraftmaschine
GB1235034A (en) * 1969-08-07 1971-06-09 Ford Motor Co Internal combustion engines
GB1461273A (en) * 1973-06-13 1977-01-13 Brico Eng Ferrous alloys
JPS5428828B2 (zh) * 1974-03-07 1979-09-19
US4036202A (en) * 1974-08-23 1977-07-19 Henry Weslake Internal combustion engines
US4033303A (en) * 1976-02-25 1977-07-05 Ford Motor Company Engine exhaust valve cooling
JPS5933848Y2 (ja) * 1976-06-11 1984-09-20 日産自動車株式会社 排気清浄化エンジン

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS6315447B2 (zh) 1988-04-05
JPS57116115A (en) 1982-07-20
ES268715U (es) 1983-06-01
DE3164891D1 (en) 1984-08-23
US4438740A (en) 1984-03-27
ES268715Y (es) 1983-12-01
EP0049075A1 (en) 1982-04-07

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