EP0047010B1 - Combustion apparatus, particularly for a steam boiler - Google Patents
Combustion apparatus, particularly for a steam boiler Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0047010B1 EP0047010B1 EP19810106806 EP81106806A EP0047010B1 EP 0047010 B1 EP0047010 B1 EP 0047010B1 EP 19810106806 EP19810106806 EP 19810106806 EP 81106806 A EP81106806 A EP 81106806A EP 0047010 B1 EP0047010 B1 EP 0047010B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sheaths
- combustion
- opening
- post
- parts
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J1/00—Removing ash, clinker, or slag from combustion chambers
- F23J1/02—Apparatus for removing ash, clinker, or slag from ash-pits, e.g. by employing trucks or conveyors, by employing suction devices
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a combustion device, in particular for a steam generator, comprising a combustion chamber extended downwards by an afterburner grate and by an ashtray, the opening of the lower part of said ashtray being divided in two parts.
- solid fuels are pulverized before their introduction by the burners into the hearth of steam generators or others.
- the lightest ash particles are entrained by the combustion gases towards the exchangers, the dust collector and finally the chimney.
- the largest particles fall into an ashtray located at the bottom of the fireplace.
- the walls of the hearth can be covered by accidental fouling of ashes which are eliminated naturally or by means of sweeping devices which make them fall into the ashtray.
- afterburners are installed at the bottom of the fireplace.
- these grids are intended to ensure the normal operation of the generator in the event of significant fouling of the combustion chamber or of the exchanger elements arranged at its upper part.
- the clinkers falling from the post-combustion grates are received by scavengers ensuring their extraction, then their evacuation, by a transport device, to a storage place.
- the present invention proposes to remedy such drawbacks.
- the combustion apparatus of the invention is characterized in that each of these parts forms the entry of a sheath, the separation means delimiting the two aforementioned parts not extending above the plane of said opening , and in that the two sheaths are arranged symmetrically with respect to a vertical plane, the lower part of each of the sheaths having an opening opening onto a post-combustion grate, the two grids being parallel.
- Said separation means are advantageously constituted by the adjacent side walls of the sheaths.
- a combustion chamber or hearth 51 of the steam generator the burners opening into the hearth not being shown to simplify the drawing.
- the chamber 51 is extended downward by the ashtray 54.
- the opening located at the bottom of the ashtray is subdivided into two parts 57 and 58 by means of a part 56 emerging above the plane of said opening and having substantially a triangular shape.
- Vertical of the two openings 57 and 58 are arranged post-combustion grates 59 and 60. These grids therefore have their axis located in the vertical median plane of the combustion chamber. They move in opposite directions from each other towards the center of the device and the bottom ash which they pour through a chute61 fall into a scraper62 and are extracted towards a conveyor 63.
- the post-combustion grates 59 and 60 are subjected to the radiation of the flame and to the direct impact of the materials falling into the combustion chamber.
- the part 56 ensuring the subdivision of the lower part of the ashtray 54 is also subjected to the radiation of the flame and to the direct impact of the materials falling into the combustion chamber.
- the length of the post-combustion grates 59, 60 is less than half the width of the lower part of the ashtray.
- Figures 1 to 4 relate to the structure according to the invention.
- the rectangular opening of the lower part of the ashtray4 is subdivided in a plane E into two parts 5 and 6.
- parts 5 and 6 constitutes the inlet of a sheath, 7 and 8 respectively, these two sheaths being arranged symmetrically with respect to a vertical plane and forming an angle CI therebetween. close to 70 °, in the example shown.
- the separation means delimiting the two parts 5 and 6 are constituted by the adjacent walls of said sheaths 7 and 8 and, as can be seen, they do not extend, unlike the part 56 of FIG. 5, above the plane.
- each sheath 7 and 8 has openings 9 and 10 respectively located in the same plane F and each of these openings opens onto a post-combustion grate, 11 and 12 respectively.
- the grids 11 and 12 are parallel to each other. In Figure 1 only the grid 12 has been shown for clarity of the drawing. As can be seen with particular reference to FIG. 2, each grate has a length G greater than half the depth L of the combustion chamber 1.
- the ashes fall into troughs 13 and 14, then into a scraper 17, while the clinker falls into troughs 15 and 16 then into a scraper 18.
- the scrappers 17 and 18 then entrain the ashes and bottom ash to a conveyor 19, which transports them outwards.
- the device according to the invention makes it possible to distribute the ashes at the outlet of the ashtray through two openings located in the same plane, which makes it possible to install an afterburner grid below each of them. whose length G is greater than half the depth L of the hearth. Consequently, the active surface of the grids can be greater than that corresponding to the two half-openings made. Each grid can therefore be extended beyond the corresponding half-opening, which significantly increases the effective area of said grids, without increasing the size of the generator.
- the arrangement of the sheaths in the device according to the invention makes it possible to avoid any direct impact of clinker, while shielding the direct radiation of the flames, these hazards being detrimental to the post-combustion grates and even to personnel.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
- Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
- Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
- Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
Description
La présente invention a pour objet un appareil de combustion, en particulier pour générateur de vapeur, comprenant une chambre de combustion prolongée vers le bas par une grille de post-combustion et par un cendrier, l'ouverture de la partie inférieure dudit cendrier étant divisée en deux parties.The present invention relates to a combustion device, in particular for a steam generator, comprising a combustion chamber extended downwards by an afterburner grate and by an ashtray, the opening of the lower part of said ashtray being divided in two parts.
Pour réaliser la combustion en suspension, les combustibles solides sont pulvérisés avant leur introduction par les brûleurs dans le foyer des générateurs de vapeur ou autres.To carry out combustion in suspension, solid fuels are pulverized before their introduction by the burners into the hearth of steam generators or others.
Les particules de cendres les plus légères sont entraînées par les gaz de combustion vers les échangeurs, le dépoussiéreur et enfin la cheminée. Les particules les plus grosses tombent dans un cendrier situé à la partie inférieure du foyer.The lightest ash particles are entrained by the combustion gases towards the exchangers, the dust collector and finally the chimney. The largest particles fall into an ashtray located at the bottom of the fireplace.
Les parois du foyer peuvent être recouvertes par des encrassements accidentels de cendres qui s'éliminent naturellement ou au moyen de dispositifs de ramonage qui les font tomber dans le cendrier.The walls of the hearth can be covered by accidental fouling of ashes which are eliminated naturally or by means of sweeping devices which make them fall into the ashtray.
Souvent, des grilles de post-combustion sont installées à la partie inférieure du foyer.Often, afterburners are installed at the bottom of the fireplace.
Elles ont pour but d'achever la combustion des parties combustibles contenues dans les matières tombant dans le cendrier, c'est-à-dire notamment des cendres contenant du carbone ou autres résidus de combustion.Their purpose is to complete the combustion of the combustible parts contained in the materials falling into the ashtray, that is to say in particular ashes containing carbon or other combustion residues.
En outre ces grilles ont pour objet d'assurer le fonctionnement normal du générateur dans le cas d'encrassement important de la chambre de combustion ou des éléments échangeurs disposés à sa partie supérieure.In addition, these grids are intended to ensure the normal operation of the generator in the event of significant fouling of the combustion chamber or of the exchanger elements arranged at its upper part.
En effet avec des combustibles contenant des cendres à basse température de fusion il peut se produire des encrassements locaux importants, lesquels tombant dans le cendrier d'une hauteur atteignant parfois 50 m peuvent provoquer des explosions importantes, dommageables pour le matériel d'évacuation des cendres et pour le personnel d'exploitation.Indeed, with fuels containing ash at low melting temperature, significant local fouling can occur, which falling into the ashtray from a height sometimes reaching 50 m can cause significant explosions, damaging to the ash disposal equipment. and for operating personnel.
Les mâchefers tombant des grilles de post-combustion sont reçus par des décrasseurs assurant leur extraction, puis leur évacuation, par un dispositif de transport, vers un lieu de stockage.The clinkers falling from the post-combustion grates are received by scavengers ensuring their extraction, then their evacuation, by a transport device, to a storage place.
Cependant, dans de telles structures, on a pu constater que les grilles et les décrasseurs installés à la partie inférieure des chambres de combustion sont soumis d'une part au rayonnement des flammes, et d'autre part à des chocs dus à des chutes de mâchefers dont le volume peut être parfois relativement important.However, in such structures, it has been observed that the grates and scourers installed at the lower part of the combustion chambers are subjected on the one hand to the radiation of flames, and on the other hand to shocks due to falls of clinkers whose volume can sometimes be relatively large.
La présente invention se propose de remédier à de tels inconvénients.The present invention proposes to remedy such drawbacks.
L'appareil de combustion de l'invention est caractérisé par le fait que chacune de ces parties forme l'entrée d'une gaine, les moyens de séparation délimitant les deux parties précitées ne s'étendant pas au-dessus du plan de ladite ouverture, et en ce que les deux gaines sont disposées symétriquement par rapport à un plan vertical, la partie inférieure de chacune des gaines présentant une ouverture débouchant sur une grille de post-combustion, les deux grilles étant parallèles.The combustion apparatus of the invention is characterized in that each of these parts forms the entry of a sheath, the separation means delimiting the two aforementioned parts not extending above the plane of said opening , and in that the two sheaths are arranged symmetrically with respect to a vertical plane, the lower part of each of the sheaths having an opening opening onto a post-combustion grate, the two grids being parallel.
Lesdits moyens de séparation sont avantageusement constitués par les parois latérales adjacentes des gaines.Said separation means are advantageously constituted by the adjacent side walls of the sheaths.
L'invention sera décrite ci-après plus en détail à l'aide d'un exemple de mise en oeuvre donné à titre d'exemple, purement illustratif mais nullement limitatif, en référence au dessin annexé dans lequel :
- La figure 1 est une vue schématique partielle en perspective de l'appareil selon l'invention.
- La figure 2 représente une vue partielle en coupe selon la ligne II-II de la figure 1.
- La figure 3 est une coupe selon la ligne III-III de la figure 2.
- La figure 4 est une coupe selon la ligne IV-IV de la figure 2.
- La figure 5 est une vue schématique partielle en perspective d'un appareil selon l'art antérieur.
- Figure 1 is a partial schematic perspective view of the apparatus according to the invention.
- FIG. 2 represents a partial sectional view along the line II-II of FIG. 1.
- Figure 3 is a section along line III-III of Figure 2.
- Figure 4 is a section along line IV-IV of Figure 2.
- Figure 5 is a partial schematic perspective view of an apparatus according to the prior art.
Sur la figures, on voit une chambre de combustion ou foyer 51 du générateur de vapeur, les brûleurs débouchant dans le foyer n'étant pas représentés pour simplifier le dessin. La chambre 51 est prolongée vers le bas par le cendrier 54. L'ouverture située à la partie inférieure du cendrier est subdivisée en deux parties 57 et 58 au moyen d'une pièce 56 émergeant au-dessus du plan de ladite ouverture et présentant sensiblement une forme triangulaire. A la verticale des deux ouvertures 57 et 58 sont disposées des grilles de post-combustion 59 et 60. Ces grilles ont donc leur axe situé dans le plan vertical médian de la chambre de combustion. Elles se déplacent en sens contraire l'une de l'autre vers le centre du dispositif et les mâchefers qu'elles déversent par une goulotte61 tombent dans un décrasseur62 et sont extraits vers un convoyeur 63.In the figures, we see a combustion chamber or
Ainsi, les mâchefers et les particules fines, après passage sur les deux grilles, tombent dans un seul décrasseur, dont l'axe est perpendiculaire à celui des grilles de post-combustion.Thus, the bottom ash and fine particles, after passing over the two grates, fall into a single scourer, the axis of which is perpendicular to that of the post-combustion grids.
Dans une telle structure, les grilles de post-combustion 59 et 60 sont soumises au rayonnement de la flamme et à l'impact direct des matières tombant dans la chambre de combustion.In such a structure, the post-combustion grates 59 and 60 are subjected to the radiation of the flame and to the direct impact of the materials falling into the combustion chamber.
La pièce 56 assurant la subdivision de la partie inférieure du cendrier 54 est soumise également au rayonnement de la flamme et à l'impact direct des matières tombant dans la chambre de combustion.The
En général, pour limiter l'encombrement au sol du générateur, la longueur des grilles de post-combustion 59, 60 est inférieure à la moitié de la largeur de la partie inférieure du cendrier.In general, to limit the space requirement on the ground of the generator, the length of the post-combustion grates 59, 60 is less than half the width of the lower part of the ashtray.
Une structure semblable à celle représentée est, par exemple, décrite dans le document DE-C-959.581.A structure similar to that shown is, for example, described in document DE-C-959.581.
Il existe d'autres exemples d'installation de grilles où celles-ci sont installées perpendiculairement à la disposition décrite ci-dessus, mais là aussi une partie des grilles est soumise au rayonnement de la flamme et à l'impact direct de mâchefers.There are other examples of installation of grilles where these are installed perpendicular rement to the arrangement described above, but here too a part of the grids is subjected to the radiation of the flame and to the direct impact of bottom ash.
Les figures 1 à 4 se rapportent à la structure conforme à l'invention.Figures 1 to 4 relate to the structure according to the invention.
Sur ces figures, on voit une chambre de combustion ou foyer 1 du générateur de vapeur, des brûleurs 2 et 3 débouchant dnas le foyer. Cette chambre est prolongée vers le bas par un cendrier 4.In these figures, we see a combustion chamber or
Selon l'invention, l'ouverture rectangulaire de la partie inférieure du cendrier4 se subdivise dans un plan E en deux parties 5 et 6. Chacune des parties 5 et 6 constitue l'entrée d'une gaine, 7 et 8 respectivement, ces deux gaines étant disposées symétriquement par rapport à un plan vertical et faisant entre elles un angle CI. voisin de 70°, dans l'exemple représenté.According to the invention, the rectangular opening of the lower part of the ashtray4 is subdivided in a plane E into two
Les moyens de séparation délimitant les deux parties 5 et 6 sont constitués par les parois adjacentes desdites gaines 7 et 8 et, comme on peut le constater, ils ne s'étendent pas, contrairement à la pièce 56 de la figure 5, au dessus du plan E.The separation means delimiting the two
La partie inférieure de ces gaines 7 et 8, présente des ouvertures 9 et 10 respectivement situées dans un même plan F et chacune de ces ouvertures débouche sur une grille de post-combustion, 11 et 12 respectivement. Les grilles 11 et 12 sont parallèles entre elles. Sur la figure 1 seule la grille 12 a été représentée pour plus de clarté du dessin. Comme on peut le constater en se reportant surtout à la figure 2, chaque grille présente une longueur G supérieure à la moitié de la profondeur L de la chambre de combustion 1.The lower part of these
A la sortie des grilles 11 et 12, les cendres tombent dans des goulottes 13 et 14, puis dans un décrasseur 17, alors que le mâchefer tombe dans des goulottes 15 et 16 puis dans un décrasseur 18. Les décrasseurs 17 et 18 entraînent alors les cendres et le mâchefer jusqu'à un convoyeur 19, qui les achemine vers l'extérieur.At the exit of the
On voit donc que l'appareil selon l'invention permet de distribuer les cendres à la sortie du cendrier par deux ouvertures situées dans un même plan, ce qui permet d'installer au-dessous de chacune d'elles une grille de post-combustion dont la longueur G est supérieure à la moitié de la profondeur L du foyer. En conséquence, la surface active des grilles peut être supérieure à celle correspondant aux deux demi-ouvertures réalisées. Chaque grille peut donc être prolongée au delà de la demi-ouverture correspondante ce qui accroît notablement la surface effective desdites grilles et celà sans augmenter l'encombrement du générateur.It can therefore be seen that the device according to the invention makes it possible to distribute the ashes at the outlet of the ashtray through two openings located in the same plane, which makes it possible to install an afterburner grid below each of them. whose length G is greater than half the depth L of the hearth. Consequently, the active surface of the grids can be greater than that corresponding to the two half-openings made. Each grid can therefore be extended beyond the corresponding half-opening, which significantly increases the effective area of said grids, without increasing the size of the generator.
En outre la disposition des gaines dans le dispositif selon l'invention permet d'éviter tout impact direct de mâchefer, tout en faisant écran au rayonnement direct des flammes, ces aléas étant préjudiciables aux grilles de post-combustion et même au personnel.In addition, the arrangement of the sheaths in the device according to the invention makes it possible to avoid any direct impact of clinker, while shielding the direct radiation of the flames, these hazards being detrimental to the post-combustion grates and even to personnel.
Claims (5)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR8018990 | 1980-09-03 | ||
FR8018990A FR2489483A1 (en) | 1980-09-03 | 1980-09-03 | NEW ASHTRAY STRUCTURE, POST-COMBUSTION GRIDS AND DECREASERS FOR STEAM GENERATORS |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0047010A2 EP0047010A2 (en) | 1982-03-10 |
EP0047010A3 EP0047010A3 (en) | 1982-03-17 |
EP0047010B1 true EP0047010B1 (en) | 1983-10-05 |
Family
ID=9245605
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19810106806 Expired EP0047010B1 (en) | 1980-09-03 | 1981-09-01 | Combustion apparatus, particularly for a steam boiler |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0047010B1 (en) |
BR (1) | BR8105614A (en) |
DE (1) | DE3161135D1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2489483A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102012001400A1 (en) * | 2012-01-26 | 2013-08-01 | Babcock Borsig Steinmüller Gmbh | Steam generator plant with afterburning chamber |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE560815C (en) * | 1929-03-26 | 1932-10-07 | Franz Seiffert & Co Akt Ges | Spueldruckentaschungseinrichtung with a grate lying over the jet nozzle to catch the fuel residues |
DE959581C (en) * | 1944-04-13 | 1957-03-07 | Siemens Ag | Slag feeder for steam generator |
-
1980
- 1980-09-03 FR FR8018990A patent/FR2489483A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1981
- 1981-09-01 DE DE8181106806T patent/DE3161135D1/en not_active Expired
- 1981-09-01 EP EP19810106806 patent/EP0047010B1/en not_active Expired
- 1981-09-02 BR BR8105614A patent/BR8105614A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE3161135D1 (en) | 1983-11-10 |
BR8105614A (en) | 1982-05-18 |
EP0047010A3 (en) | 1982-03-17 |
EP0047010A2 (en) | 1982-03-10 |
FR2489483A1 (en) | 1982-03-05 |
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