EP0087356A1 - Incinerator for refuse with hopper and vertical central air supply opening - Google Patents

Incinerator for refuse with hopper and vertical central air supply opening Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0087356A1
EP0087356A1 EP83400305A EP83400305A EP0087356A1 EP 0087356 A1 EP0087356 A1 EP 0087356A1 EP 83400305 A EP83400305 A EP 83400305A EP 83400305 A EP83400305 A EP 83400305A EP 0087356 A1 EP0087356 A1 EP 0087356A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nozzle
hopper
oven
plane
vertical
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP83400305A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Pierre Chamay
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
NOUVELLE DE CONSTRUCTIONS METALLIQUES DE DINOZE Ste
Original Assignee
NOUVELLE DE CONSTRUCTIONS METALLIQUES DE DINOZE Ste
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by NOUVELLE DE CONSTRUCTIONS METALLIQUES DE DINOZE Ste filed Critical NOUVELLE DE CONSTRUCTIONS METALLIQUES DE DINOZE Ste
Publication of EP0087356A1 publication Critical patent/EP0087356A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/002—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor characterised by their grates

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an oven for the incineration of garbage, consisting of a hopper surmounted by a vault with at least one closable orifice for loading and a chimney stack, the hopper narrowing down to to combustion air inlet grids, which can be eclipsed for the evacuation of the ashes, nozzle means extending vertically from the grates to the roof.
  • the ovens For autonomous incineration of garbage, i.e. without the use of an auxiliary fuel such as fuel oil, the ovens must be designed to allow self-sustaining combustion until the combustible materials are used up, practically without the intervention of an oven operator.
  • the ovens In the context of autonomous incineration, that is to say without the use of an auxiliary fuel such as fuel oil, garbage with a tonnage corresponding to the scouring of a city of a few thousand inhabitants, the ovens must be designed to allow self-sustaining combustion until the combustible materials are exhausted, without this combustion requiring the active presence of an oven conductor for the duration of an incineration cycle.
  • an auxiliary fuel such as fuel oil, garbage with a tonnage corresponding to the scouring of a city of a few thousand inhabitants
  • Garbage and in particular household garbage, constitutes a fuel with a high water content (usually 60 ° b), with an irregular but often small particle size, and often with a soft consistency, so as to form agglomerates under the effect of accumulations, these agglomerates preventing air circulation in the mass.
  • the combustion self-maintenance due to the amount of water to evaporate, requires an active circulation of gas in the mass, combustion air and smoke.
  • the active hearth it is necessary for the active hearth to be located and gradually supplied with fuel.
  • the oven the shape of a hopper surmounted by a vault through which is carried the loading of garbage, and which carries one or more chimneys, while combustion air intake grilles are arranged at the base of the hopper.
  • the hearth is formed in the vicinity of these grates, and as combustion progresses the garbage from the upper layers in the hopper replace the consumed garbage, descending under their own weight.
  • French patent application No. 80 16601 published under the number 2 482 260, describes a faur of this kind.
  • This oven has a hopper in a square base pyramid, the grids being held by a cross support to form the small base of the hopper.
  • Four tubular chimneys or nozzles with barred walls are held by gussets on the walls of the hopper to be placed, above the branches of the cross support, substantially tangent to the centers of the sides of the small base.
  • the vault consists of a parallelepipedic box with a central loading orifice and two strains of lateral chimneys.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a furnace for the incineration of garbage in which combustion is easy to maintain, which is simple to operate, and the capacity of which can be adapted to needs without major new study.
  • the invention provides an oven intended for the incineration of garbage and consisting of a hopper surmounted by a vault with at least one closable orifice for loading and a chimney stack, the hopper narrowing down to the bottom.
  • vertical nozzle means with perforated walls extending from the grates to the vault, characterized in that the hopper has parallel vertical walls, two hearths inclined perpendicular to the vertical walls on either side of a vertical plane of symmetry of the furnace, a flat nozzle extended along said plane of symmetry between the two vertical walls, and two tilting grids each disposed between the base of the nozzle and that of a respective hearth, with an inclination opposite to that of this hearth, the vault consisting of two hoods opening above the hearths on either side of a central chimney stump which overhangs the tu yere.
  • the hearth is established symmetrically on either side of the base of the nozzle, near the grids; in general, the two halves of the oven, on either side of the plane of symmetry, each operate in the image of the other.
  • Garbage can slide without obstacle along the floors to regularly feed the fireplace; the grids, due to their inclination, are found to be substantially normal to the mean direction of progression of the refuse, so that the ashes are deposited on them in beds of fairly regular thickness.
  • the tilting of the grates allows easy evacuation of the ashes, even loaded with bottom ash.
  • the variations in width of the oven do not disturb the temperature distributions in the longitudinal vertical planes; in other words, the operation of the oven is not disturbed by a change in capacity obtained by expanding the oven.
  • the chimney stack comprises a parallelepipedic box provided with removable dust baffles.
  • the nozzle walls are made up of pairs of vertical bars joined together by normal studs in the plane of symmetry of the furnace, with two mesh linings starting from the base of the nozzle while the other stops halfway up. .
  • the oven comprises a metal frame 1, of substantially parallelepiped shape, resting on a raft 4 and disposed between a platform 2, and a concrete veil 3, parallel to the vertical support of the median.
  • the oven proper comprises a hopper 5, bounded laterally by two vertical walls 14 and 14 'adjacent respectively to the web 3 and to the support of the embankment 2, and longitudinally by two inclined decks 11 and 11', perpendicular to the plane of the figure 1, and symmetrical with respect to a vertical plane, perpendicular to the plane of Figure 1, which constitutes the general plane of symmetry of the furnace.
  • the floors 11 and 11 ' are supported by a series of pillars llb, ll'b resting on the raft 4.
  • the oven comprises, above the hopper 5, a vault 6, formed of two hoods 10 and 10', in form of wedges, disposed respectively above the floors 11 and 11 ', and capable of being raised, by pivoting around axes 10a, 10'a in the vicinity of the upper end of the floors 11 and 11', and corresponding substantially at the corner edge.
  • Hoods 10 and 10 ', in position closure are folded down on either side of a stump 7, which supports a chimney 9 terminated by a miter 9a.
  • a flat nozzle 13, resting on punches 30, is disposed along the plane of symmetry of the furnace, extending from a vertical wall 14 to the other 14 ', the nozzle walls being perforated as will be specified with reference in Figure 4.
  • tilting grids 12 and 12' At the base of the hopper 5, between the base of the nozzle 13 and those of the sole 11 and 11 'are disposed tilting grids 12 and 12', inclined in the opposite direction of the corresponding silk, with a slope such as the mediating plane grids 12, 12 ′ is substantially bisector of the dihedral formed by the nozzle 13 and the corresponding sole. Note that the lower ends of the sole 11 and 11 'are constituted by fixed grids lla and ll'a.
  • a box 8 provided with baffles 22.
  • the base 20 of the box 8 is hooked on wings welded to the frame of the box 7, by means of assemblies 21, 21 'of bars and rods, below grooves where the end flanges of the covers 10 and 10' are placed.
  • the nozzle 13 rests on a set of punches 30, these being provided with ears 31, 31 'at their upper end, for the articulation of the tilting grids.
  • This nozzle is formed by beams of refractory steel scales composed of two uprights 33 connected by stirrups 33a, 33b, 33c, the latter being directed along the thickness of the nozzle.
  • the scales are maintained by refractory cast iron bars 32, extended along the width of the nozzle, perpendicular to the plane of the figure.
  • the uprights 33 of ladders form vertical bars, arranged in the plane of the walls of the nozzle 13.
  • first lining 35, 35 ′ formed of panels square mesh screen of refractory steel wire, this lining 35, 35 'extending over substantially the entire height of the nozzle.
  • second lining 36, 36 ′ also in square mesh.
  • the oven is designed to operate at the rate of household refuse collection, corresponding, in the example chosen, to a daily tonnage of around 25 m 3 .
  • the hoods 10 and 10 ' being raised (like the hood 10 in FIG. 1), the car bodies, approaching on the quay 2, dump the garbage with which they are loaded on the sole 11 or 11'; the space between the raised hoods 10 and 10 'and the chimney stack 7 corresponds to the size of the skips.
  • the loading of the oven being finished and substantially balanced on either side of the nozzle 13, the covers 10 and 10 ′ are folded down, and the ignition beds ignited.
  • the nozzle 13 works mainly in evacuating the fumes towards the vault 6 and the chimney 9, the fireplaces being established in the zones immediately above the grids 12, 12 ', lla, 11'a. Then the fumes evaporating the water from the masses of rubbish crossed, the fireplaces spread out in a slope against the lower part of the nozzle; moreover, the garbage distillation gases which accompany the fumes burn on contact with the air which penetrates through the base of the nozzle under the effect of the draft.
  • the combustion of garbage maintains itself, the mass of garbage descending along the hearth, as well as along the nozzle, so that the average direction descent is substantially normal to the grids 12, 12 '.
  • the ashes are formed into beds of approximately regular thickness. Practically the combustion of the charge of the oven, started at the beginning of the afternoon, ends at the end of the evening, so that at the beginning of the morning of the next day it is possible to evacuate the cooled ashes.
  • the furnace has a planar structure parallel to the plane of FIG. 1. It follows that, except in immediate contact with the vertical walls 14 and 14 ′, there is no speed gradient in a transverse direction (normal in the plan of figure 1). The regime invariance in this transverse direction implies that the modification of the dimensions of the furnace in this direction only modifies the capacity of the furnace, and therefore practically does not modify the combustion cycle or its efficiency.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)

Abstract

The incinerator comprises a hopper (5) delimited laterally by two vertical walls and longitudinally by two floors (11, 11') which are inclined perpendicularly to the plane of the figure and symmetrical in relation to an upright vertical plane which constitutes the plane of symmetry of the incinerator. Above the hopper (5), there is a vault (6) consisting of two opening covers (10, 10'), on either side of a chimney (9) outlet (7). A flat air supply opening (13) resting on posts (30) is arranged in the plane of symmetry of the incinerator, with perforated walls. At the base of the hopper, between the air supply opening (13) and the floors (11, 11'), there are arranged pivoting grates (12, 12') which are inclined in the opposite direction to the floors. <IMAGE>

Description

L'invention a trait à un four destiné à l'incinération d'ordures, constitué d'une trémie surmontée d'une voûte avec au moins un orifice obturable de chargement et une souche de cheminée, la trémie se rétrécissant vers le bas jusqu'à des grilles d'entrée d'air de combustion, éclipsables pour l'évacuation des cendres, des moyens de tuyère s'étendant verticalement des grilles à la voûte. Pour l'incinération autonome des ordures, c'est-à-dire sans utilisation d'un combustible d'appoint tel que du mazout, les fours doivent être conçus pour permettre une combustion auto-entretenue jusqu'à épuisement des matières combustibles, pratiquement sans intervention d'un conducteur de four.The invention relates to an oven for the incineration of garbage, consisting of a hopper surmounted by a vault with at least one closable orifice for loading and a chimney stack, the hopper narrowing down to to combustion air inlet grids, which can be eclipsed for the evacuation of the ashes, nozzle means extending vertically from the grates to the roof. For autonomous incineration of garbage, i.e. without the use of an auxiliary fuel such as fuel oil, the ovens must be designed to allow self-sustaining combustion until the combustible materials are used up, practically without the intervention of an oven operator.

Dans le cadre de l'incinération autonome, c'est-à-dire sans utilisation d'un combustible d'appoint tel que du mazout, d'ordures avec un tonnage correspondant à l'ébouage d'une ville de quelques milliers d'habitants, les fours doivent être conçus pour permettre une combustion auto-entretenue jusqu'à épuisement des matières combustibles, sans que cette combustion exige la présence active d'un conducteur de four pendant toute la durée d'un cycle d'incinération.In the context of autonomous incineration, that is to say without the use of an auxiliary fuel such as fuel oil, garbage with a tonnage corresponding to the scouring of a city of a few thousand inhabitants, the ovens must be designed to allow self-sustaining combustion until the combustible materials are exhausted, without this combustion requiring the active presence of an oven conductor for the duration of an incineration cycle.

Les ordures, et notamment les ordures dites ménagères, constituent un combustible à teneur élevée en eau (couramment 60 °b), à granulométrie irrégulière mais souvent faible, et à consistance souvent molle, en sorte de former des agglomérats sous l'effet d'accumulations, ces agglomérats empêchant une circulation d'air dans la masse. Or l'auto-entretien de combustion, en raison de la quantité d'eau à évaporer, demande une circulation active de gaz dans la masse, air comburant et fumées. Par ailleurs il est nécessaire que le foyer actif soit localisé et alimenté progressivement en combustible. Aussi donne-t-on fréquemment au four la forme d'une trémie surmontée d'une voûte par où s'effectue le chargement des ordures, et qui porte une ou plusieurs cheminées, tandis que des grilles d'entrée d'air de combustion sont disposées à la base de la trémie. Le foyer est formé au voisinage de ces grilles, et au fur et à mesure de la combustion les ordures des couches supérieures dans la trémie viennent remplacer les ordures consumées, en descendant sous leur propre poids.Garbage, and in particular household garbage, constitutes a fuel with a high water content (usually 60 ° b), with an irregular but often small particle size, and often with a soft consistency, so as to form agglomerates under the effect of accumulations, these agglomerates preventing air circulation in the mass. However, the combustion self-maintenance, due to the amount of water to evaporate, requires an active circulation of gas in the mass, combustion air and smoke. Furthermore, it is necessary for the active hearth to be located and gradually supplied with fuel. Also we often give the oven the shape of a hopper surmounted by a vault through which is carried the loading of garbage, and which carries one or more chimneys, while combustion air intake grilles are arranged at the base of the hopper. The hearth is formed in the vicinity of these grates, and as combustion progresses the garbage from the upper layers in the hopper replace the consumed garbage, descending under their own weight.

En vue d'améliorer la circulation des gaz, on dispose parfois des tuyères verticales à parois ajourées, qui s'étendent des grilles à la voûte ; une partie de l'air comburant peut parvenir au foyer par la partie inférieure des tuyères, en plus de l'air qui passe à travers les grilles, tandis que les fumées trouvent un passage vers la cheminée par la partie supérieure des tuyères.In order to improve the circulation of gases, there are sometimes vertical nozzles with perforated walls, which extend from the grilles to the roof; part of the combustion air can reach the hearth through the lower part of the nozzles, in addition to the air which passes through the grates, while the fumes find a passage to the chimney through the upper part of the nozzles.

La demande de brevet français n° 80 16601, publiée sous le numéro 2 482 260, décrit un faur de ce genre. Ce four comporte une trémie en tronc de pyramide à base carrée, les grilles étant tenues par un support en croix pour former la petite base de la trémie. Quatre cheminées ou tuyères tubulaires à parois à barreaux sont tenues par des goussets sur les parois de la trémie pour se placer, au-dessus des branches du support en croix, sensiblement tangentes aux centres des côtés de la petite base. La voûte est constituée d'un caisson parallélépipédique avec un orifice de chargement central et deux souches de cheminées latérales.French patent application No. 80 16601, published under the number 2 482 260, describes a faur of this kind. This oven has a hopper in a square base pyramid, the grids being held by a cross support to form the small base of the hopper. Four tubular chimneys or nozzles with barred walls are held by gussets on the walls of the hopper to be placed, above the branches of the cross support, substantially tangent to the centers of the sides of the small base. The vault consists of a parallelepipedic box with a central loading orifice and two strains of lateral chimneys.

Le four décrit dans cette demande de brevet semble ne répondre qu'imparfaitement aux conditions exposées plus haut ; notamment les tuyères cylindriques forment obstacle à la descente régulière des ordures vers le foyer, et ont tendance à diviser ce foyer en quatre zones de combustion. Les ordures disposées au centre de l'ensemble des cheminées se consument avec retard et éventuellement incomplètement. On notera d'ailleurs que cette demande prévoit un injecteur central de gaz comburant pulsé pour améliorer la combustion dans la zone centrale.The oven described in this patent application seems to respond only imperfectly to the conditions set out above; in particular the cylindrical nozzles form an obstacle to the regular descent of the garbage towards the hearth, and tend to divide this hearth into four combustion zones. The garbage placed in the center of all the chimneys burns late and possibly incompletely. Note also that this request provides a central injector of pulsed oxidant gas to improve combustion in the central area.

Il semble apparent que ce type de four, dont la capacité varie comme le cube des dimensions linéaires, est limité en gamme de capacité, l'extrapolation géométrique conduisant à des structures de foyer désadaptées. Par ailleurs les charpentes décrites ne se prêtent pas à supporter des fours de capacité notablement augmentée.It seems apparent that this type of oven, whose capacity varies like the cube of linear dimensions, is limited in range of capacity, the geometric extrapolation leading to mismatched hearth structures. Furthermore, the structures described do not lend themselves to supporting ovens with a significantly increased capacity.

L'invention a donc pour objectif un four pour l'incinération d'ordures où la combustion s'entretient d'elle-même aisément, qui est de conduite simple, et dont la capacité peut être adaptée aux besoins sans nouvelle étude importante.The object of the invention is therefore to provide a furnace for the incineration of garbage in which combustion is easy to maintain, which is simple to operate, and the capacity of which can be adapted to needs without major new study.

A cet effet l'invention propose un four destiné à l'incinération d'ordures et constitué d'une trémie surmontée d'une voûte avec au moins un orifice obturable de chargement et une souche de cheminée, la trémie se rétrécissant vers le bas jusqu'à des grilles d'entrée d'air de combustion, éclipsables pour l'évacuation des cendres, des moyens de tuyère verticale à parois ajourées s'étendant des grilles à la voûte, caractérisé en ce que la trémie comporte des parois verticales parallèles, deux soles inclinées perpendiculairement aux parois verticales de part et d'autre d'un plan de symétrie vertical du four, une tuyère plate étendue suivant ledit plan de symétrie entre les deux parois verticales, et deux grilles basculantes disposées chacune entre la base de la tuyère et celle d'une sole respective, avec une inclinaison inverse de celle de cette sole, la voûte étant constituée de deux capots ouvrant au-dessus des soles de part et d'autre d'une souche centrale de cheminée qui surplombe la tuyère.To this end, the invention provides an oven intended for the incineration of garbage and consisting of a hopper surmounted by a vault with at least one closable orifice for loading and a chimney stack, the hopper narrowing down to the bottom. '' to combustion air intake grids, which can be eclipsed for evacuating the ashes, vertical nozzle means with perforated walls extending from the grates to the vault, characterized in that the hopper has parallel vertical walls, two hearths inclined perpendicular to the vertical walls on either side of a vertical plane of symmetry of the furnace, a flat nozzle extended along said plane of symmetry between the two vertical walls, and two tilting grids each disposed between the base of the nozzle and that of a respective hearth, with an inclination opposite to that of this hearth, the vault consisting of two hoods opening above the hearths on either side of a central chimney stump which overhangs the tu yere.

Grâce aux dispositions énoncées ci-dessus, le foyer s'établit symétriquement de part et d'autre de la base de la tuyère, à proximité des grilles ; d'une façon générale, les deux moitiés du four, de part et d'autre du plan de symétrie, fonctionnent chacune à l'image de l'autre. Les ordures peuvent glisser sans obstacle le long des soles pour alimenter régulièrement le foyer ; les grilles, en raison de leur inclinaison se trouvent sensiblement normales à la direction moyenne de progression des ordures, de sorte que les cendres viennent se déposer sur elles en lits d'épaisseur assez régulière. Accessoirement le basculement des grilles permet l'évacuation facile des cendres, même chargées en mâchefers. Sous un autre aspect on notera que, sauf à proximité immédiate des parois verticales de la trémie, il n'y a pratiquement pas d'échanges thermiques à travers un plan vertical parallèle à ces parois. Dans ces conditions les variations de largeur du four ne perturbent pas les répartitions de température dans les plans verticaux longitudinaux ; autrement dit la marche du four n'est pas perturbée par une modification de capacité obtenue par élargissement du four.Thanks to the provisions set out above, the hearth is established symmetrically on either side of the base of the nozzle, near the grids; in general, the two halves of the oven, on either side of the plane of symmetry, each operate in the image of the other. Garbage can slide without obstacle along the floors to regularly feed the fireplace; the grids, due to their inclination, are found to be substantially normal to the mean direction of progression of the refuse, so that the ashes are deposited on them in beds of fairly regular thickness. Incidentally the tilting of the grates allows easy evacuation of the ashes, even loaded with bottom ash. In another aspect, it will be noted that, except in the immediate vicinity of the vertical walls of the hopper, there is practically no heat exchange through a vertical plane parallel to these walls. Under these conditions the variations in width of the oven do not disturb the temperature distributions in the longitudinal vertical planes; in other words, the operation of the oven is not disturbed by a change in capacity obtained by expanding the oven.

De préférence la souche de cheminée comporte un caisson parallélépipédique muni de chicanes de dépoussiérage démontables.Preferably the chimney stack comprises a parallelepipedic box provided with removable dust baffles.

De préférence également les parois de tuyère sont constituées de paires de barreaux verticaux réunis par des étresillons normaux au plan de symétrie du four, avec deux doublages en grillage partant de la base de la tuyère tandis que l'autre s'arrête à mi-hauteur.Preferably also the nozzle walls are made up of pairs of vertical bars joined together by normal studs in the plane of symmetry of the furnace, with two mesh linings starting from the base of the nozzle while the other stops halfway up. .

Les caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention ressortiront d'ailleurs de la description qui va suivre à titre d'exemple, en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une coupe longitudinale d'un four selon l'invention ;
  • la figure 2 représente une vue latérale partielle du four ;
  • la figure 3 représente schématiquement la disposition des chicanes dans la souche de cheminée ;
  • la figure 4 est une coupe, perpendiculairement au plan de symétrie du four, d'une tuyère.
The characteristics and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the description which follows by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
  • Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of an oven according to the invention;
  • Figure 2 shows a partial side view of the oven;
  • FIG. 3 schematically represents the arrangement of the baffles in the chimney stack;
  • Figure 4 is a section, perpendicular to the plane of symmetry of the furnace, of a nozzle.

Selon la forme de réalisation choisie et représentée aux figures 1 et 2, le four comporte une charpente métallique 1, de forme sensiblement parallélépipédique, reposant sur un radier 4 et disposée entre un terre-plein 2, et un voile de béton 3, parallèle au soutènement vertical du terre-plein. Le four proprement dit comprend une trémie 5, limitée latéralement par deux parois verticales 14 et 14' adjacentes respectivement au voile 3 et au soutènement du terre-plein 2, et longitudinalement par deux soles inclinées 11 et 11', perpendiculairement au plan de la figure 1, et symétriques par rapport à un plan vertical, perpendiculaire au plan de la figure 1, qui constitue plan général de symétrie du four. Les soles 11 et 11' sont supportées par des séries de piliers llb, ll'b reposant sur le radier 4. Le four comprend, au-dessus de la trémie 5, une voûte 6, formée de deux capots 10 et 10', en forme de coins, disposés respectivement au-dessus des soles 11 et 11', et susceptibles d'être relevés, en pivotant autour d'axes 10a, 10'a au voisinage de l'extrémité supérieure des soles 11 et 11', et correspondant sensiblement à l'arête du coin. Les capots 10 et 10', en position de fermeture sont rabattus de part et d'autre d'une souche 7, qui supporte une cheminée 9 terminée par une mitre 9a.According to the embodiment chosen and represented in FIGS. 1 and 2, the oven comprises a metal frame 1, of substantially parallelepiped shape, resting on a raft 4 and disposed between a platform 2, and a concrete veil 3, parallel to the vertical support of the median. The oven proper comprises a hopper 5, bounded laterally by two vertical walls 14 and 14 'adjacent respectively to the web 3 and to the support of the embankment 2, and longitudinally by two inclined decks 11 and 11', perpendicular to the plane of the figure 1, and symmetrical with respect to a vertical plane, perpendicular to the plane of Figure 1, which constitutes the general plane of symmetry of the furnace. The floors 11 and 11 'are supported by a series of pillars llb, ll'b resting on the raft 4. The oven comprises, above the hopper 5, a vault 6, formed of two hoods 10 and 10', in form of wedges, disposed respectively above the floors 11 and 11 ', and capable of being raised, by pivoting around axes 10a, 10'a in the vicinity of the upper end of the floors 11 and 11', and corresponding substantially at the corner edge. Hoods 10 and 10 ', in position closure are folded down on either side of a stump 7, which supports a chimney 9 terminated by a miter 9a.

Une tuyère plate 13, reposant sur des poinçons 30, est disposée suivant le plan de symétrie du four, en s'étendant d'une paroi verticale 14 à l'autre 14', les parois de tuyère étant ajourées comme il sera précisé en référence à la figure 4.A flat nozzle 13, resting on punches 30, is disposed along the plane of symmetry of the furnace, extending from a vertical wall 14 to the other 14 ', the nozzle walls being perforated as will be specified with reference in Figure 4.

A la base de la trémie 5, entre la base de la tuyère 13 et celles des soles 11 et 11' sont disposées des grilles basculantes 12 et 12', inclinées en sens inverse de la soie correspondante, avec une pente telle que le plan médiateur des grilles 12, 12' soit sensiblement bissecteur du dièdre formé par la tuyère 13 et la sole correspondante. On notera que les extrémités inférieures des soles 11 et 11' sont constituées par des grilles fixes lla et ll'a.At the base of the hopper 5, between the base of the nozzle 13 and those of the sole 11 and 11 'are disposed tilting grids 12 and 12', inclined in the opposite direction of the corresponding silk, with a slope such as the mediating plane grids 12, 12 ′ is substantially bisector of the dihedral formed by the nozzle 13 and the corresponding sole. Note that the lower ends of the sole 11 and 11 'are constituted by fixed grids lla and ll'a.

Sous les grilles 12 et 12' prennent place des bennes à cendres 15 et 15'. Par ailleurs on précise que les parois verticales 14, 14' et les soles 11, 11' sont garnies d'un briquetage réfractaire, à l'exception bien entendu des grilles fixes lla, 11'a.Under the grids 12 and 12 'take place ash bins 15 and 15'. Furthermore, it is specified that the vertical walls 14, 14 'and the floors 11, 11' are lined with refractory brickwork, with the exception of course of the fixed grids 11a, 11'a.

Comme on le verra mieux sur la figure 3, dans la base de la cheminée 9, juste au-dessus de la souche 7, est inséré un caisson 8, muni de chicanes 22. La base 20 du caisson 8 vient s'accrocher sur des ailes soudées à l'armature du caisson 7, par l'intermédiaire d'ensembles 21, 21' de barres et de biellettes, en dessous de gorges où viennent se placer des rebords terminaux des capots 10 et 10'.As will be seen more clearly in FIG. 3, in the base of the chimney 9, just above the stump 7, is inserted a box 8, provided with baffles 22. The base 20 of the box 8 is hooked on wings welded to the frame of the box 7, by means of assemblies 21, 21 'of bars and rods, below grooves where the end flanges of the covers 10 and 10' are placed.

La tuyère 13, comme représenté figure 4, repose sur un jeu de poinçons 30, ceux-ci étant munis d'oreilles 31, 31' à leur extrémité supérieure, pour l'articulation des grilles basculantes. Cette tuyère est constituée par des faisceaux d'échelles en acier réfractaire composées de deux montants 33 reliés par des étresillons 33a, 33b, 33c, ces derniers étant dirigés suivant l'épaisseur de tuyère. Les échelles sont maintenues par des barrettes en fonte réfractaire 32, étendues suivant la largeur de la tuyère, perpendiculairement au plan de figure. Ainsi les montants 33 d'échelles forment des barreaux verticaux, disposés dans le plan des parois de la tuyère 13. Ces montants servent d'appui à un premier doublage 35, 35', formé de panneaux de grillage à maille carrée en fil d'acier réfractaire, ce doublage 35, 35' s'étendant sur sensiblement toute la hauteur de la tuyère. De plus, sur la moitié inférieure environ de la hauteur de tuyère, on dispose un second doublage 36, 36', également en grillage à maille carrée.The nozzle 13, as shown in Figure 4, rests on a set of punches 30, these being provided with ears 31, 31 'at their upper end, for the articulation of the tilting grids. This nozzle is formed by beams of refractory steel scales composed of two uprights 33 connected by stirrups 33a, 33b, 33c, the latter being directed along the thickness of the nozzle. The scales are maintained by refractory cast iron bars 32, extended along the width of the nozzle, perpendicular to the plane of the figure. Thus the uprights 33 of ladders form vertical bars, arranged in the plane of the walls of the nozzle 13. These uprights serve to support a first lining 35, 35 ′, formed of panels square mesh screen of refractory steel wire, this lining 35, 35 'extending over substantially the entire height of the nozzle. In addition, on the lower half of the nozzle height, there is a second lining 36, 36 ′, also in square mesh.

Le four est prévu pour un fonctionnement au rythme de l'enlèvement des ordures ménagères, correspondant, dans l'exemple choisi, à un tonnage journalier de l'ordre de 25 m3. Avant de commencer le chargement en ordures, en début de matinée, on prépare sur les grilles 12, 12' des lits d'allumage avec du papier et du petit bois, débris d'emballages. Les capots 10 et 10' étant relevés (comme le capot 10 figure 1), les bennes automobiles, s'approchant sur le terre-plein 2, déversent les ordures dont elles sont chargées sur les soles 11 ou 11' ; l'espace entre les capots relevés 10 et 10' et la souche de cheminée 7 correspond au gabarit des bennes. Le chargement du four étant terminé et sensiblement équilibré de part et d'autre de la tuyère 13, les capots 10 et 10' sont rabattus, et les lits d'allumage mis à feu. Au départ la tuyère 13 fonctionne principalement en évacuation des fumées vers la voûte 6 et la cheminée 9, les foyers s'établissant dans les zones immédiatement situées au-dessus des grilles 12, 12', lla, 11'a. Puis les fumées évaporant l'eau des masses d'ordures traversées, les foyers s'étalent en talus contre la partie inférieure de la tuyère ; par ailleurs, les gaz de distillation des ordures qui accompagnent les fumées viennent brûler au contact de l'air qui pénètre par la base de la tuyère sous l'effet du tirage.The oven is designed to operate at the rate of household refuse collection, corresponding, in the example chosen, to a daily tonnage of around 25 m 3 . Before starting the loading of garbage, in the early morning, we prepare on the grids 12, 12 'ignition beds with paper and small wood, packaging debris. The hoods 10 and 10 'being raised (like the hood 10 in FIG. 1), the car bodies, approaching on the quay 2, dump the garbage with which they are loaded on the sole 11 or 11'; the space between the raised hoods 10 and 10 'and the chimney stack 7 corresponds to the size of the skips. The loading of the oven being finished and substantially balanced on either side of the nozzle 13, the covers 10 and 10 ′ are folded down, and the ignition beds ignited. At the start, the nozzle 13 works mainly in evacuating the fumes towards the vault 6 and the chimney 9, the fireplaces being established in the zones immediately above the grids 12, 12 ', lla, 11'a. Then the fumes evaporating the water from the masses of rubbish crossed, the fireplaces spread out in a slope against the lower part of the nozzle; moreover, the garbage distillation gases which accompany the fumes burn on contact with the air which penetrates through the base of the nozzle under the effect of the draft.

Dès lors que le foyer s'est bien établi, la combustion des ordures s'entretient d'elle-même, la masse d'ordures descendant le long de la sole, ainsi que le long de la tuyère, de sorte que la direction moyenne de descente est sensiblement normale aux grilles 12, 12'. Les cendres se forment en lits d'épaisseur à peu près régulière. Pratiquement la combustion de la charge du four, commencée en début d'après-midi, se termine en fin de soirée, de sorte qu'en début de matinée du lendemain il est possible d'évacuer les cendres refroidies.As soon as the hearth is well established, the combustion of garbage maintains itself, the mass of garbage descending along the hearth, as well as along the nozzle, so that the average direction descent is substantially normal to the grids 12, 12 '. The ashes are formed into beds of approximately regular thickness. Practically the combustion of the charge of the oven, started at the beginning of the afternoon, ends at the end of the evening, so that at the beginning of the morning of the next day it is possible to evacuate the cooled ashes.

La nature et la forme des ordures entraînent la formation de cendres volantes en quantité notable ; ces cendres seront arrêtées en majeure partie par le caisson à chicanes 8. Le ramonage de ce caisson 8 est aisé après démontage.The nature and shape of the garbage results in the formation of fly ash in significant quantities; these ashes will mainly stopped by the baffle box 8. The sweeping of this box 8 is easy after disassembly.

On remarquera que le four a une structure plane parallèlement au plan de la figure 1. Il en résulte que, sauf au contact immédiat des parois verticales 14 et 14', il n'y a pas de gradient de régime dans une direction transversale (normale au plan de figure 1). L'invariance de régime selon cette direction transversale implique que la modification des dimensions du four dans cette direction ne modifie que la capacité du four, et donc ne modifie pratiquement pas le cycle de combustion ou l'efficacité de celle-ci.It will be noted that the furnace has a planar structure parallel to the plane of FIG. 1. It follows that, except in immediate contact with the vertical walls 14 and 14 ′, there is no speed gradient in a transverse direction (normal in the plan of figure 1). The regime invariance in this transverse direction implies that the modification of the dimensions of the furnace in this direction only modifies the capacity of the furnace, and therefore practically does not modify the combustion cycle or its efficiency.

Bien entendu l'invention n'est pas limitée à l'exemple décrit, mais en embrasse toutes les variantes d'exécution.Of course, the invention is not limited to the example described, but embraces all the variant embodiments.

Claims (6)

1. Four destiné à l'incinération d'ordures et constitué d'une trémie (5) surmontée d'une voûte (6) avec au moins un orifice (10, 10') obturable de chargement et une souche (7) de cheminée (9), la trémie se rétrécissant vers le bas jusqu'à des grilles (12, 12') d'entrée d'air de combustion, éclipsables pour l'évacuation des cendres, des moyens de tuyère (13) verticale à parois ajourées s'étendant des grilles à la voûte, caractérisé en ce que la trémie (5) comporte des parois (14, 14') verticales parallèles, deux soles (11, 11') inclinées perpendiculaires aux parois (14, 14') verticales de part et d'autre d'un plan de symétrie vertical du four, une tuyère (13) plate étendue suivant ledit plan de symétrie entre les deux parois (14, 14') verticales, et deux grilles basculantes (12, 12') disposées chacune entre la base de la tuyère (13) et celle d'une sole (11, 11') respective, avec une inclinaison inverse de celle de cette sole (11, 11'), la voûte (6) étant constituée de deux capots (10,10') ouvrant au-dessus des soles (11, 11') de part et d'autre d'une souche (7) centrale de cheminée (9) qui surplombe la tuyère (13).1. Oven intended for the incineration of garbage and consisting of a hopper (5) surmounted by a vault (6) with at least one orifice (10, 10 ') closable for loading and a chimney stack (7) (9), the hopper narrowing down to grids (12, 12 ') of combustion air inlet, eclipsable for the evacuation of ash, vertical nozzle means (13) with perforated walls extending from the grilles to the vault, characterized in that the hopper (5) has parallel vertical walls (14, 14 '), two soles (11, 11') inclined perpendicular to the vertical walls (14, 14 ') of on either side of a vertical plane of symmetry of the oven, a flat nozzle (13) extended along said plane of symmetry between the two vertical walls (14, 14 '), and two tilting grids (12, 12') arranged each between the base of the nozzle (13) and that of a respective hearth (11, 11 '), with an inclination opposite to that of this hearth (11, 11'), the arch (6) consisting of two cowls (10.10 ') opening above the floors (11, 11') on either side of a stump (7) central chimney (9) which overhangs the nozzle (13). 2. Four selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la souche (7) de cheminée supporte un caisson (8) parallélépipédique muni de chicanes (22) de dépoussiérage et démontable.2. Oven according to claim 1, characterized in that the chimney stump (7) supports a box (8) parallelepiped provided with baffles (22) of dusting and removable. 3. Four selon une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que les parois de tuyère (13) sont constituées de paires de barreaux (33) verticaux réunis par des étresillons (33a, 33b, 33c) normaux audit plan de symétrie du four, avec deux doublages (35, 36) en grillage partant de la base de la tuyère (13) et l'un (35) s'étendant sensiblement sur toute la hauteur de la tuyère tandis que l'autre (36) s'arrête à mi-hauteur.3. Oven according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the nozzle walls (13) consist of pairs of vertical bars (33) joined by stirrups (33a, 33b, 33c) normal to said plane of symmetry of the oven , with two doublings (35, 36) in mesh starting from the base of the nozzle (13) and one (35) extending substantially over the entire height of the nozzle while the other (36) stops halfway up. 4. Four selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que lesdites soles (11, 11') sont garnies de briquetages.4. Oven according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said hearths (11, 11 ') are lined with brickwork. 5. Four selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que lesdits capots (10, 10') s'ouvrent par basculement autour d'un axe (10a, 10'a) proche de l'extrémité supérieure de la sole correspondante.5. Oven according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that said covers (10, 10 ') open by tilting about an axis (10a, 10'a) close to the upper end of the corresponding sole. 6. Four selon une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, fondé sur un radier (4) horizontal, caractérisé en ce que des armatures (llb, 11'b, 30) prenant appui sur le radier (4) sont disposées en soutien des soles (11, 11') d'une part et de la tuyère (13) d'autre part.6. Oven according to any one of claims 1 to 5, based on a horizontal base (4), characterized in that reinforcements (llb, 11'b, 30) bearing on the raft (4) are arranged in support of the sole (11, 11 ') on the one hand and the nozzle (13) on the other.
EP83400305A 1982-02-18 1983-02-14 Incinerator for refuse with hopper and vertical central air supply opening Withdrawn EP0087356A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8202712A FR2521693B1 (en) 1982-02-18 1982-02-18 OVEN FOR THE INCINERATION OF GARBAGE, IN A HOPPER WITH A CENTRAL VERTICAL NOZZLE
FR8202712 1982-02-18

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0087356A1 true EP0087356A1 (en) 1983-08-31

Family

ID=9271122

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83400305A Withdrawn EP0087356A1 (en) 1982-02-18 1983-02-14 Incinerator for refuse with hopper and vertical central air supply opening

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0087356A1 (en)
ES (1) ES8401603A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2521693B1 (en)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2572497A1 (en) * 1984-10-25 1986-05-02 Sopromape Sarl Self-incinerating furnace for household waste with combined ignition and a modular transverse structure
CN105091032A (en) * 2015-09-28 2015-11-25 郑文娟 Overturning type coal-fired furnace
CN105114985A (en) * 2015-09-28 2015-12-02 郑文娟 Double-lever coal-firing furnace
CN106322399A (en) * 2016-11-19 2017-01-11 无锡市智锋金属科技有限公司 Swing-type fire grate of solid waste incinerator
CN106439848A (en) * 2016-11-19 2017-02-22 无锡市智锋金属科技有限公司 Garbage incinerator adopting gas for combustion supporting

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2037052A1 (en) * 1970-07-25 1972-02-03 Wallmuller, Leonhard, 8532 Bad Windsheim Lining of garbage incineration plants, exhaust chimneys and similar facilities with acid-resistant materials (cements), in the form of round chimneys and prefabricated panels
FR2344789A1 (en) * 1976-03-16 1977-10-14 Pechoux Fernand Refuse incinerator for country districts - has refuse guides sloping towards hearth under grid chimney and ash collector wagons under hearth
FR2425613A1 (en) * 1978-05-12 1979-12-07 Pechoux Daniel Incinerator for domestic refuse - has inclined metal sheets defining supporting surfaces extending to region spaced from base of chamber
FR2458751A1 (en) * 1979-06-12 1981-01-02 Raffin Rene Refuse incinerator construction - has sloping plate covered with grid and connecting with chimney, at lower end of plate
DE2931232A1 (en) * 1979-08-01 1981-02-19 Erwin Israel Flue gas duct for chimney connection - comprises vertical polygonal cylinder with horizontal guide plates coupled to shaker bar
FR2482260A1 (en) * 1980-05-12 1981-11-13 Bouverat Maurice MULTI-GRID TYPE INCINERATOR OVEN

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2037052A1 (en) * 1970-07-25 1972-02-03 Wallmuller, Leonhard, 8532 Bad Windsheim Lining of garbage incineration plants, exhaust chimneys and similar facilities with acid-resistant materials (cements), in the form of round chimneys and prefabricated panels
FR2344789A1 (en) * 1976-03-16 1977-10-14 Pechoux Fernand Refuse incinerator for country districts - has refuse guides sloping towards hearth under grid chimney and ash collector wagons under hearth
FR2425613A1 (en) * 1978-05-12 1979-12-07 Pechoux Daniel Incinerator for domestic refuse - has inclined metal sheets defining supporting surfaces extending to region spaced from base of chamber
FR2458751A1 (en) * 1979-06-12 1981-01-02 Raffin Rene Refuse incinerator construction - has sloping plate covered with grid and connecting with chimney, at lower end of plate
DE2931232A1 (en) * 1979-08-01 1981-02-19 Erwin Israel Flue gas duct for chimney connection - comprises vertical polygonal cylinder with horizontal guide plates coupled to shaker bar
FR2482260A1 (en) * 1980-05-12 1981-11-13 Bouverat Maurice MULTI-GRID TYPE INCINERATOR OVEN

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2572497A1 (en) * 1984-10-25 1986-05-02 Sopromape Sarl Self-incinerating furnace for household waste with combined ignition and a modular transverse structure
CN105091032A (en) * 2015-09-28 2015-11-25 郑文娟 Overturning type coal-fired furnace
CN105114985A (en) * 2015-09-28 2015-12-02 郑文娟 Double-lever coal-firing furnace
CN105114985B (en) * 2015-09-28 2020-07-03 何世旺 Double-lever coal stove
CN106322399A (en) * 2016-11-19 2017-01-11 无锡市智锋金属科技有限公司 Swing-type fire grate of solid waste incinerator
CN106439848A (en) * 2016-11-19 2017-02-22 无锡市智锋金属科技有限公司 Garbage incinerator adopting gas for combustion supporting

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2521693B1 (en) 1989-03-24
FR2521693A1 (en) 1983-08-19
ES519861A0 (en) 1983-12-01
ES8401603A1 (en) 1983-12-01

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CH621571A5 (en)
CA1294826C (en) Boiler fire-box, used for urban garbage, with grid made of alternate fixed and mobile bars with pull and push and imprived adjustment capabalities
EP0087356A1 (en) Incinerator for refuse with hopper and vertical central air supply opening
EP0675323A1 (en) Device for feeding large solid fuels into a furnace, for example whole scrap tyres
JPH0886422A (en) Small handy garbage incinerator
US5297494A (en) Incinerator for burning waste
EP0040156A2 (en) Incinerator with multiple grate arrangement
US3232254A (en) Stoker
JPH0835634A (en) Humid solid matter continuous incinerator
EP0026150B1 (en) Heating apparatus using solid as well as liquid fuels
US1762579A (en) Incinerator
US2453289A (en) Refuse incinerator with dumping grate
FR2547393A1 (en) COMBUSTION CHAMBER FOR SOLID FUELS
US3199475A (en) Municipal incinerators
EP0009456A1 (en) Apparatus for the heat exchange between solid particles and a gas current
EP0281166A2 (en) Firebox, in particular stove for wood provided with an installation suitable for neutralizing the pollution in burned gas
FR2535026A1 (en) Boiler using wood or other solid combustible materials
JPH0531386Y2 (en)
US892942A (en) Garbage plant.
FR2522114A1 (en) Boiler burning solid fuel - has heat exchanger and fuel loading chamber in column
EP2642198B1 (en) Grate for burning a granular fuel material
FR2519737A1 (en) Furnace for rubbish incineration - has forced vertical draught and partial re-circulation of some combustion gas
JPH0622722U (en) Incinerator
CH629582A5 (en) Incineration furnace for household waste
FR2471551A1 (en) Solid fuel burner for liquid or gas fuel heater - has two combustion chambers with feed hopper at top and ash collecting hopper at bottom

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): BE DE IT LU NL

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19840430

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN

18D Application deemed to be withdrawn

Effective date: 19850909

RIN1 Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected)

Inventor name: CHAMAY, PIERRE