EP0045012A1 - Baustein - Google Patents

Baustein Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0045012A1
EP0045012A1 EP81105594A EP81105594A EP0045012A1 EP 0045012 A1 EP0045012 A1 EP 0045012A1 EP 81105594 A EP81105594 A EP 81105594A EP 81105594 A EP81105594 A EP 81105594A EP 0045012 A1 EP0045012 A1 EP 0045012A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
blocks
central portion
lateral portions
block
passageways
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP81105594A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Tommaso Affinita
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0045012A1 publication Critical patent/EP0045012A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/04—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements
    • E04B2/06—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
    • E04B2/08—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position by interlocking of projections or inserts with indentations, e.g. of tongues, grooves, dovetails
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E04B2002/0206—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections of rectangular shape

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a building block having an interlocking feature and channels whereby mortar can be added from the top of a wall erected with such blocks.
  • Erecting walls of blocks, bricks in particular, is commonly recognized as a labour intensive task requiring a fair amount of skill.
  • the bottom course of bricks is first laid on a suitably level foundation. Successive courses of bricks are laid on top of the initial course and care must be taken in the placement of the bricks and the amount of mortar used so the wall is straight. Continual use of plumb lines, levels and the like is required for satisfactory construction. The amount of care required slows the pace of experienced brick layers and makes it difficult for the amateur to produce satisfactory results.
  • a task of the invention is to solve on the one hand the problem of the semplification of erection of walls of blocks and on the other hand to solve the problem inherent in the obtainment of a wall of blocks of high bearing power.
  • Advantages resulting from the invention include the fact that an entire wall can be first erected without the use of mortar, binding material such as concrete cement or the like because of the interlocking feature.
  • the interfitting of the shoulders and channels assures that the completed wall will be true with minimum or even no use of levels or similar devices after the initial course of blocks is laid.
  • the structure can be made permanent by adding binding material from the top of the wall which is then distributed downwardly through the passageways to bond the blocks together.
  • the blocks may be made of a single material or of different materials.
  • outside portions including the flanges may be integral with the central portion or could be brick facing, while a central portion therebetween could be concrete.
  • the appearance of an expensive brick wall of high bearing power is therefore achieved with a -saving in material costs.
  • the blocks are also suitable for constructing exterior or interior walls of buildings where the outside portions are of a suitable exterior of interior facing and the central portion could be an insulator.
  • a building block according to the invention therefore lends itself to the modular construction of bearing walls for buildings.
  • a building block 1 which has two opposite faces 2 and 4, a first side 6, illustrated on top, a second side 8, illustrated on bottom, a third side 10 and a fourth side 12.
  • a first pair of sides 6 and 8 are opposite each other and a second pair of sides 10 and 12 are also opposite each other.
  • the block is constructed of two outside portions 14 and 16 and a central portion 18, each of which has the shape of a cuboid. In other words, each is box-like in shape. All three portions may be integral and constructed of a single material, such as concrete. Alternatively, different materials may be used for the different portions which are then bonded together with a suitable adhesive or fasteners.
  • the outside portions 14 and 16 could be brick facing, while the central portion 18 could be a cheaper material, such as concrete.
  • the central portion 18 could be made of an insulating material for constructing a wall forming the exterior of a building.
  • the blocks could also be made of other materials besides masonary.
  • the outside portions 14 and 16 could be wood, while the central portion 18 could be an insulator or a less expensive material.
  • the outside portions have equal lengths L1, while the central portion has a length L2 which is less than the length of each of the outside portions.
  • the outside portions have equal heights H1 while the central portion has a height H2 less than the height of each of the outside portions.
  • Figures 1 to 4 illustrate that while the outside portions 14 and 16 are aligned opposite each other, the central portion is offset relative to the outside portions both lengthwise and heightwise to the extent that parts of the central portion extending beyond the outside portions form shoulders 20 and 22, respectively.
  • shoulder means a more or less abrupt protuberance or projection from a body.
  • shoulders 20 and 22 extend along the two adjacent sides 10 and 6, respectively, and are spaced apart from the faces 2 and 4 by the outside portions 14 and 16.
  • the shoulders 20 and 22 have heights H3 and H4, respectively, as indicated in Figure 2. These heights are approximately equal in the preferred embodiment.
  • shoulder 20 has a lateral extent, or width W1, shown in Figure 3, while shoulder 22 has a lateral extent or width W2', also shown in Figure 3. Both shoulders have approximately the same width in the preferred embodiment.
  • outside flanges 24 and 26 extend along the side 8 of the block.
  • Flanges 24 and 26 comprise the bottom parts of outside portions 14 and 16, respectively, as seen in Figure 4.
  • Outside flanges 28 and 30 extend along side 12, which is adjacent side 8, in a similar manner, as seen in Figure 3.
  • Flanges 24 and 26 therefore define a channel 32 extending along side 8 between the faces 2 and 4 and spaced apart therefrom, while flanges 28 and 30 likewise define a channel 34 extending along side 12 between faces 2 and 4 and spaced apart therefrom.
  • Channel 32 has a depth D1 and a lateral extent, or width W3, while channel 34 has a depth D2 and a width W4. It may be seen that the depths D1 and D2 are approximately equal in the preferred embodiment while the widths W3 and W4 are also equal in block 1.
  • the channels 32 and 34 and the shoulders 22 and 20 have partially complementary rectangular shapes, as seen best in Figures 3 and 4, permitting a plurality of blocks to be stacked in horizontal courses to form a wall 36, with rectilinear crossing horizontal and vertical passageways 46, 44 respectively, in which concrete is poured to form uprights and beams of concrete upon hardening, as seen in Figure 5.
  • the width W2 of shoulder 22 along side 6 is just slightly less than the width W3 of the channel 32 along side 8, although this cannot be measured from the drawings because of the scale and drawing tolerances.
  • shoulder 22 is just slightly narrower than channel 32 and the rectangular shapes of this shoulder and the channel means each shoulder 22 is capable of closely fitting within the channel 32 along side 8 of another such block in an adjacent course.
  • a plurality of blocks similar to block 1 are stacked in four courses 39, 40, 42 and 44 on a foundation 38.
  • the initial course 39 comprises blocks 1a, 1b, 1c, etc. all substantially identical to the block 1 shown in Figures 1 to 4.
  • the second course 40 comprises blocks 2a,-2b, 2c, etc.
  • the third course 42 comprises blocks 3a, 3b, 3c, etc.
  • the shoulder 22 of each block is closely fitted within the channel 32 of each respective underlying block in the widthwise dimension.
  • the height H4 of the shoulder along side 6 is substantially less than the depth D1 of the channel along side 8.
  • the height H4 is approximately one-half the depth D1.
  • the height H3 of shoulder 20 along side 10 which is generally one-half of the depth D2 of channel 34 along side 12.
  • the effect of the difference in the height of a shoulder and the depth of the channel on the opposite side of the block is to form vertical passageways 44 and horizontal passageways 46 between blocks when they are stacked in courses as seen between blocks shown in Figure 5.
  • both channel 32 and channel 34 are open-ended.
  • the outside portions of blocks 1b, 2b, 3b and 4b have been broken away in Figure 5 to illustrate that this results in the vertical passageways 44 and the horizontal passageways 46 forming a continuous rectangular grid or matrix between the blocks.
  • the passageways can be filled with concrete or mortar or some other substance, such as polyester resin, for bonding the blocks together.
  • the method of building the vertical wall 36 first requires a level foundation 38 on which the initial course of blocks 1a, 1b and 1c are arranged so that the shoulder along one side of each block fits closely within the channel along the adjacent side of the adjacent block.
  • Course 40 comprising blocks 2a, 2b and 2c is then stacked on course 39 and the blocks of course 40 are fitted together in the same manner as the course 39. This results in the shoulders along the top sides of the blocks in course 39 fitting closely within the channels along the bottom sides of the blocks in course 40. This is repeated for course 42 which is stacked or laid on course 40 in the same way course 40 is stacked on course 39.
  • the vertical rectilinear passageways 44 and horizontal rectilinear passageways 46 between the blocks are empty. For some purposes, particularly temporary walls, nothing further need be done. However, it is possible to fill these passageways with a fluid-like substance by pouring the substance downwardly through the openings 52 where the vertical passageways 44 communicate outwardly with the top 54 of the wall. If it is desired simply that the passageways be filled, sand may be poured down the openings 52 to fill the passageways. However, in order to bond the blocks together to form a permanent wall, a number of other alternatives are available depending upon the material of which the blocks are made.
  • the blocks are of masonary material
  • concrete or mortar is poured down through openings 52.
  • the fluid is preferably vibrated by inserting relatively thin vibrators down and through openings 52 or by placing vibrators against the facing of a number of blocks. This causes the mortar or similar material to fill all the passageways. The mortar or other such substance is then allowed to set and this permanently bonds the blocks together.
  • the blocks are of some other material, such as wood or plaster, other substances capable of setting may be used, such as polyester resin.
  • Figure 5 therefore illustrates how a plurality of blocks 1, as shown in Figures 1 to 4, may be used to considerably simplify the construction of a block wall.
  • the shoulders and channels permit a complete wall to be constructed without any necessity for levels, plumb lines or the like.
  • the skill required to build a wall is reduced for this reason and because no mortar or similar material is required until the wall.is erected.
  • the mortar can then be poured in from the top of the wall to permanently bond the blocks together.
  • Reinforced concrete rods, not shown may be laid in the passageways 44, 46 to increase the bearing capacity of the wall.
  • the blocks may be of masonary construction, for example concrete, and can replace existing types of concrete blocks in building construction.
  • the outside portions 14 and 16 can be of a different material, such as brick, while the central portion can remain concrete.
  • the central portion can be hollow to save material and reduce weight.
  • FIG. 6 An alternative embodiment is shown in Figures 6 and 7.
  • the construction of block 60 is generally similar to the first embodiment and so is described only with respect to the differences.
  • the outside flanges 62 and 64 extend along side 66
  • the outside flanges 68 and 70 extend along side 72 which is the side opposite side 66.
  • central shoulder 74 extends along side 76
  • shoulder 78 extends along side 80 which is the side opposite side 76.
  • a plurality of blocks 60 are arranged in courses such that adjacent blocks in the same course are rotated 90° with respect to each other. For example, side 76 would be on top for a first block, while side 68 would be on top for an adjacent second block.
  • the shoulder 76 of the second block fits closely within channel 72 of the first block.
  • the height of the shoulders is less than the depth of the channels to provide a passageway between blocks.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
EP81105594A 1980-07-25 1981-07-16 Baustein Withdrawn EP0045012A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT8018116A IT8018116A0 (it) 1980-07-25 1980-07-25 Blocco ad incastro per la costruzione di murature
IT1811680 1980-07-25

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0045012A1 true EP0045012A1 (de) 1982-02-03

Family

ID=11152023

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81105594A Withdrawn EP0045012A1 (de) 1980-07-25 1981-07-16 Baustein

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0045012A1 (de)
IT (1) IT8018116A0 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4047149A1 (de) * 2021-02-19 2022-08-24 Herrmann, Nico Holzbaustein

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR844462A (fr) * 1938-04-06 1939-07-26 Elément de construction conductible et son procédé de fabrication
FR947872A (fr) * 1947-06-13 1949-07-15 élément de construction à emboîtement
DE871957C (de) * 1951-07-18 1953-03-26 Paul Bist Formbaustein
GB778411A (en) * 1954-07-06 1957-07-10 Herman Lenders Improvements in or relating to building blocks
FR1157731A (de) * 1956-10-02 1958-06-03

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR844462A (fr) * 1938-04-06 1939-07-26 Elément de construction conductible et son procédé de fabrication
FR947872A (fr) * 1947-06-13 1949-07-15 élément de construction à emboîtement
DE871957C (de) * 1951-07-18 1953-03-26 Paul Bist Formbaustein
GB778411A (en) * 1954-07-06 1957-07-10 Herman Lenders Improvements in or relating to building blocks
FR1157731A (de) * 1956-10-02 1958-06-03

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4047149A1 (de) * 2021-02-19 2022-08-24 Herrmann, Nico Holzbaustein

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT8018116A0 (it) 1980-07-25

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US5570552A (en) Universal wall forming system
US6223480B1 (en) Pre-cast concrete panels for construction of a building
US6996945B2 (en) Self interlocking block system
US4614071A (en) Building blocks
US8291675B2 (en) Modular construction system and components and method
CA2331583C (en) Improvements in or relating to building elements and methods in relation to same
EP0163117B1 (de) Modulare Bauelemente mit einer hohen thermischen und/oder akustischen Isolation
US5528874A (en) Building blocks and insulated composite walls having stackable half-bond symmetry and method of making such walls
US7121061B2 (en) Reinforced concrete building system
KR102040229B1 (ko) 기초 바닥판과 기둥, 벽체로 이루어지는 일체 결합형 건축 모듈 및 이를 이용한 통콘크리트 건물시공방법
WO2012088588A1 (en) Modular construction system and components and method
US6205735B1 (en) Two unit dry stack masonry wall system
US5232608A (en) Template for forming glass block panel modules
US4163621A (en) Method for forming a continuous footing with prefabricated footing blocks
WO2017178044A1 (en) Dry stack building block, dry stack system, prefabricated wall panel, building, building method, manufacturing method and mould system
US5191744A (en) Construction element
WO1985005140A1 (en) Vertically assembling box type blocks
US4766711A (en) Building element and a construction method using such an element
EP0045012A1 (de) Baustein
US20020174614A1 (en) Foundation wall for a structure
GB2216921A (en) Building block
JP3517398B2 (ja) 化粧板ブロック及びその構造体
JPH04330119A (ja) 基礎の施工方法
GB2140053A (en) Building system
GB2076872A (en) Making strip foundation and foundation walls

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LU NL SE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19820623

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN

18D Application deemed to be withdrawn

Effective date: 19831112