EP0044837A1 - Procede et dispositif de travail a chaud - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif de travail a chaud

Info

Publication number
EP0044837A1
EP0044837A1 EP80902071A EP80902071A EP0044837A1 EP 0044837 A1 EP0044837 A1 EP 0044837A1 EP 80902071 A EP80902071 A EP 80902071A EP 80902071 A EP80902071 A EP 80902071A EP 0044837 A1 EP0044837 A1 EP 0044837A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating
temperature
power
pulse
control
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP80902071A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Arne Kullberg
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0044837A1 publication Critical patent/EP0044837A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B29C65/22—Heated wire resistive ribbon, resistive band or resistive strip
    • B29C65/221—Heated wire resistive ribbon, resistive band or resistive strip characterised by the type of heated wire, resistive ribbon, band or strip
    • B29C65/224—Heated wire resistive ribbon, resistive band or resistive strip characterised by the type of heated wire, resistive ribbon, band or strip being a resistive ribbon, a resistive band or a resistive strip
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B29C65/22—Heated wire resistive ribbon, resistive band or resistive strip
    • B29C65/228—Heated wire resistive ribbon, resistive band or resistive strip characterised by the means for electrically connecting the ends of said heated wire, resistive ribbon, resistive band or resistive strip
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B29C65/22—Heated wire resistive ribbon, resistive band or resistive strip
    • B29C65/229—Heated wire resistive ribbon, resistive band or resistive strip characterised by the means for tensioning said heated wire, resistive ribbon, resistive band or resistive strip
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5221—Joining tubular articles for forming coaxial connections, i.e. the tubular articles to be joined forming a zero angle relative to each other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/818—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps
    • B29C66/8182—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the thermal insulating constructional aspects
    • B29C66/81821—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the thermal insulating constructional aspects of the welding jaws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/912—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9121—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature
    • B29C66/91211—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature with special temperature measurement means or methods
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/912—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9121—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature
    • B29C66/91211—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature with special temperature measurement means or methods
    • B29C66/91212—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature with special temperature measurement means or methods involving measurement means being part of the welding jaws, e.g. integrated in the welding jaws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/912—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9121—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature
    • B29C66/91211—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature with special temperature measurement means or methods
    • B29C66/91212—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature with special temperature measurement means or methods involving measurement means being part of the welding jaws, e.g. integrated in the welding jaws
    • B29C66/91213—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature with special temperature measurement means or methods involving measurement means being part of the welding jaws, e.g. integrated in the welding jaws and measuring the electrical resistance of a resistive element belonging to said welding jaws, said element being, e.g. a thermistor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/912—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9121—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature
    • B29C66/91231—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature of the joining tool
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/912—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9131—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux
    • B29C66/91311—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux by measuring the heat generated by Joule heating or induction heating
    • B29C66/91317—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux by measuring the heat generated by Joule heating or induction heating by measuring the electrical resistance
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9141—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
    • B29C66/91421—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature of the joining tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9141—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
    • B29C66/91431—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature the temperature being kept constant over time
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9161—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux
    • B29C66/91641—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux the heat or the thermal flux being non-constant over time
    • B29C66/91643—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux the heat or the thermal flux being non-constant over time following a heat-time profile
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9161—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux
    • B29C66/91651—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux by controlling or regulating the heat generated by Joule heating or induction heating
    • B29C66/91653—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux by controlling or regulating the heat generated by Joule heating or induction heating by controlling or regulating the voltage, i.e. the electric potential difference or electric tension
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9161—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux
    • B29C66/91651—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux by controlling or regulating the heat generated by Joule heating or induction heating
    • B29C66/91655—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux by controlling or regulating the heat generated by Joule heating or induction heating by controlling or regulating the current intensity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/96—Measuring or controlling the joining process characterised by the method for implementing the controlling of the joining process
    • B29C66/961—Measuring or controlling the joining process characterised by the method for implementing the controlling of the joining process involving a feedback loop mechanism, e.g. comparison with a desired value
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D23/00—Control of temperature
    • G05D23/19—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
    • G05D23/1906—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means using an analogue comparing device
    • G05D23/1913—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means using an analogue comparing device delivering a series of pulses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D23/00—Control of temperature
    • G05D23/19—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
    • G05D23/20—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means with sensing elements having variation of electric or magnetic properties with change of temperature
    • G05D23/24—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means with sensing elements having variation of electric or magnetic properties with change of temperature the sensing element having a resistance varying with temperature, e.g. a thermistor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/004—Preventing sticking together, e.g. of some areas of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/0042—Preventing sticking together, e.g. of some areas of the parts to be joined of the joining tool and the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B29C66/7232—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer
    • B29C66/72321—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer consisting of metals or their alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/812—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8122—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/818—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps
    • B29C66/8187—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the electrical insulating constructional aspects
    • B29C66/81871—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the electrical insulating constructional aspects of the welding jaws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/912—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9121—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature
    • B29C66/91221—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2023/04—Polymers of ethylene
    • B29K2023/06—PE, i.e. polyethylene
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2023/10—Polymers of propylene
    • B29K2023/12—PP, i.e. polypropylene
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2027/00—Use of polyvinylhalogenides or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2027/06—PVC, i.e. polyvinylchloride
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2305/00—Use of metals, their alloys or their compounds, as reinforcement
    • B29K2305/02—Aluminium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2009/00—Layered products
    • B29L2009/003—Layered products comprising a metal layer

Definitions

  • This invention is related to a process and a device for heating and especially for hot working of materials, such as plastics, elastomers and similar, i.e. polymers of organic or inorganic type, especially for welding or hot forming such materials, e.g. hot sealing, vacuum forming, blowing, extruding, injection moulding, pressure moulding, etc.
  • materials such as plastics, elastomers and similar, i.e. polymers of organic or inorganic type, especially for welding or hot forming such materials, e.g. hot sealing, vacuum forming, blowing, extruding, injection moulding, pressure moulding, etc.
  • the invention is related to a process and a device for welding and hot forming, e.g. hot sealing plastics and similar materials in which the supply of the required amount of heat is controlled in a particular way.
  • the required heat is supplied to the material with heated tools for welding or hot forming.
  • heat is supplied with an electrical heating means preferably resistance heating means.
  • the heating power supplied by the heating means is adjustable, preferably continuously or in a plurality of steps, such as at least 3, 4, 5, 7 or 10 steps, which pre ⁇ ferably constitute equally large parts of the maximum power, and can be restricted to an adjustable maximum value and controlled continuously or stepwise, as mentioned above, to a minimum value which may be 0 or an adjustable set minimum power value.
  • the adjustment of the power can be achieved with a thyristor, e.g. triac, which is connected into the electric heating circuit and restricts the electric current supplied, e.g. to a resistance heating means.
  • the heating power output can also be controlled with regard to a measured temperature, preferably the temperature of the heating means which supplies heat to the material, such as a welding tool or a forming tool, or the temperature of the material being subjected to working.
  • Said control can be set to shut of the supply of electric heating power entirely or to restrict the power to a lowest value of not above 50, 30, 20 or 10% of the set maximum power, when an adjustable set maximum temperature is reached.
  • the supply of electric heating energy is adjusted preferably so that the electric heating effect is reduced continuously or stepwise, as mentioned above, within a temperature range from a lower measured temp - ⁇ erature tmm. to the set maximum temperature t_ .
  • a temperature measuring means preferably a thermistor, which measures the temperature, e.g. the temperature of a heat releasing electric heating means, such as a welding tool or a forming tool, said temperature measuring means being connected to supply a signal corresponding to the temperature to a control means which influences the heating power supplied to said heating means.
  • a control unit e.g. comprisin an amplifier.
  • the temperature measuring means is connected to control the dissipated electric heating power with control means which are adjustable so that the electric heating power delivered as a function of the temperature, also denoted f(t), can be adjusted and set in any desired matter, e.g.
  • a suitable temperature range, ⁇ t between the control minimum temperature and maximum temperature can e.g. be up to 100°C, preferably up to 75°C or even lower, e.g. up to 50, 40, 30, 2 ⁇ , 10 or 5°C.
  • a suitable temperature range, - ⁇ tr for the power control, may also be up to 75, 60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10 or 5% of the set maximum control temperature t expressed in °K or preferably C and especially as a %-part of the temperature range between the ambient temperature at the hot working operation in question and t .
  • the reduction of the power with temperature increase in said range may be set or adjustable to a delivered power at t of down to 80, 60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10, 5 or 0% of the highest adjustable maximum power or of the maximum power set for the operation.
  • the steepness of the power control i.e. the reduction of power with increasing temperature, **Vdt, p meaning power and t temperature, is thus preferably adjustable. Suitable values may vary e.g. from an upper value of 40, 30, 20, 15, 10, 5 or 3% per °C to a lower value of 20, 15, 10, 5, 3, 1, 0.5 or 0.1% per °C and can preferably be linear.
  • the temperature measuring means should preferably measure the temperature of the heating means or optionally the temperature of the heated material as accurately as possible.
  • the temperature measuring means e.g. thermistor, may therefore be arranged with low heat transmission resistance in relation to the heating means and as close to .the heating means as possible, e.g. at a distance of at most 1 mm, preferably at most 0.5 mm and especially at most 0.2 mm.
  • the temperature control can of course also be performed with the aid of a plurality of temperature measuring means, in which case temperature control should preferably be performed so that the maximum value is not exceeded by any of said temperature measuring means. Heating can also be performed with a number of electrical heating means which are controlled by said temperature measuring means.
  • the heating power can also be supplied as heating pulses, i.e. preferably as electrical current pulses with a pulse duration (pulse time) which is longer than the period time of the line frequency i.e. usually 50 periods per second, so that each current pulse comprises a plurality of line frequency periods.
  • a pulse duration pulse time
  • the duration of the heating pulses as well as the duration of the interval (pause) between said pulses are arbitrarily adjustable within certain ranges as well as the number of heating pulses in a sequence, which are automati ⁇ cally delivered in a working operation.
  • a pulse time of up to 100, preferably up to 30, especially up to 10 seconds and an
  • interval time of up to 100 preferably up to 30 and especi ⁇ ally up to 10 seconds can be used.
  • the lower limit of the pulse time which can be pre-set may vary, e.g. down to 0.1, especially down to 0.05 or down to 1 second, and said values may also be used for the lower limit of the interval time which can be preset.
  • the number of pulses may e.g. be pre-set to between 1 and 10 but also a larger pre-set number of pulses may be desirable, e.g. up to 20 or up to 50 pulses.
  • the duration of the pulse time and/or the interval time in one and the same pulse sequence, i.e. in one and the same heating operation, preferably gradually from a lower pulse and/or interval time at the beginning of the operation to a shorter time at the end of the operation, i.e. the end of the pre-set puls sequence at the operation in question.
  • Said gradual varia ⁇ tion of the duration of the pulse and/or interval time may also be combined with temperature surveying and may be controlled by the temperature so that the pulse and/or interval time is gradually reduced when the temperature approximates a pre-set upper temperature value, which may be the maximum temperature value mentioned above.
  • the pulse and/or interval time may e.g.
  • the reduction of the puls and/or inteval time may also be made time dependent and preferably varying from maximum value at the beginning of the operation to a minimum value at the end of the opera- tion or pulse sequence, e.g. the minimum values mentioned above, expressed as % of the starting values. It is possible to combine a gradual or stepwise reduction of the delivered heating power and a gradual or stepwise reduction of the duration of the pulses and/or intervals in one and the same operation.
  • Figure 1 is a block diagram
  • Figure 2 is a circuit diagram of the blocks according to Figure 1
  • Figure 3 is a time diagram of the tension in various parts of the circuit diagram according to Figure 2
  • Figure 4 is a power temperature diagram of a theoretical welding sequence
  • Figure 5 discloses the tool arrangement used for heat seal ⁇ ing foils
  • Figure 6 shows the shape of the heating means for heat sealing of semi-circular shape
  • Figure 7 shows schematically the arrangement of the means according to Figure 6 in a welding tongs
  • Figure 8 shows the arrangement of two tubes which are overlap welded
  • FIG 9 shows the arrangement of the welding means for welding the tubes according to Figure 8.
  • FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of an embodiment of the invention which is suited e.g. for welding plastics.
  • a load 1 which may consist of one or more welding tools with electrical resistance heating means.
  • said load is energized with a low voltage 48 Volts from a transformer 2.
  • Said transformer is fed from a triac 3 to which are supplied trigger impulses from a control unit 4.
  • a temperature sensor 6 preferably consisting of a thermistor, which preferably may be arranged close to the resistance heating means, and pre-selection means for a maximum tem ⁇ perature 5 as well as pre-selection means for a maximum effect 9 which may e.g.
  • a trigger pulse is obtained in a first time circuit 102.
  • Said circuit emits a pulse, the duration of which is selected by setting a potentiometer 105.
  • a binary counter 103 is hereby counted up one step.
  • the output of the timing circuit 102 is connected on one hand through a trigger net C-, R, to the input o'f the second timing circuit 104 and on the other hand to both inputs of an AND-gate 106.
  • the output from the AND-gate 106 is fed to a relay 107.
  • the relay switch 108 of said relay 107 is arranged to switch on the trigger pulses from the control circuit IC1.
  • the other timing circuit 104 is triggered with the rear edge of the pulse delivered by said first timing circuit 102.
  • the number of pulses which are to be delivered at the welding is set with a thumb wheel switch 109 which supplies BCD-code corresponding to a set digit on the four output circuits 11, 12, 13, 14.
  • the logic output signal from the counter 103 is compared with the code from the pre-setting device 109, and at coincidence a logic signal is obtained at the output of the logic comparator 110.
  • This turns over the flip-flop consisting of the AND-gates 114 and 113 and through the relay circuit C-R ⁇ C ⁇ ' a reset pulse is obtained at the counter 103.
  • the timing circuits 102 and 104 are deactivated by a signal from said flip-flop 114 and 113.
  • a light emitting diod "READY" is switched on.
  • the light emitting diode "HEAT" is switched on .
  • the maximum welding power is set with the potentiometer
  • IC1 is tapped at the point U * ⁇ and fed through the diode
  • control circuit is a DC voltage with the control range between 1.4 V to 5.6 V.
  • the maximum power is obtained at the lowest voltage.
  • the power is controlled by phase control according to the graph on Figure 3 in which Vv_ * denotes to control voltage and Tn is the value of said control voltage at a set maximum power and T is the value of the control voltage when reaching a set maximum temperature.
  • the voltage at the anode of the diode D. is at the onset of a welding operation higher than the voltage at the anode of diode D_.
  • D is conducting and D_ is non-conduct- ing.
  • Figure 3a shows the voltage at the primary side of the welding transformer as a function of time in a particular welding operation.
  • T denotes the heating time and T denotes the cool-off time.
  • the ignition angle of the triac is denoted of and varies between 0 and Jf radianes.
  • Figures 3b-3e show signal voltages as function of time from various blocks of the integrated circuit IC1.
  • the instant embodiment uses phase control of the thermistor and curve shapes 3b-3e are drafted with Figure 3a as a reference.
  • the integrated circuit IC1 consists basically of five function blocks, i.e. a D.C. voltage source, zero level crossing detector, difference amplifier, ramp function generator and trigger pulse amplifier.
  • Figure 3b proves the signal at one of the inputs to the difference amplifier, and said graph also discloses the level T of the control voltage V , which gives the set maximum power and the control voltage level T ,which gives control of the power corresponding to a particular set maximum temperature of the welding tools.
  • Figure 3c shows the output signal from the difference amplifier
  • Figure 3d shows a signal in said ramp function generator and Figure 3e shows the output signal from the trigger pulse amplifier.
  • Figure 4 shows the reduction of power as a function of the temperature in a theoretical welding operation.
  • the set value of the maximum welding power is half the maximum available welding power corresponding to an ignition angle of ] * /.
  • the pre-selected maximum temperature is 100 C. ⁇
  • O.YPI hot sealing plastic foils between two tools if is pre ⁇ ferable to start by pre-selecting a pulse time which by experience is selected at a suitable, preferable low value.
  • the maximum temperature is pre-selected to a value which is suitable for the material, preferably at a low value within the range which by experience is suitable.
  • the maximum power is pre-selected at a value which can be expected to give the desired temperature within the pulse time, preferably at the end of the pulse tim
  • the device is put into operation. If the puls- time is shorter than the pre-selected time the maximum temperature is reached during said pulse which may be indicated by a separate signal means, e.g.
  • the weld is inspected, and the pre-selected values may thereafter gradually be increas ⁇ ed or decreased until the best welding result is obtained. If an unsatisfactory welding result is obtained with one pulse it is possible to test the use of two or more power pulses , preferably with the same total switch-on time as the originally tested single pulse. The use of said pulses is especially suited for welding thicker materials or vulnerable materials which give a longer heat diffusion path or require lower temperature gradients.
  • the maximum power of the device being 3 kW.
  • the tools are provided with 4 resistance heating means with the power 500 W each which at full effect reach the temperature 450 C.
  • a suitable working temperature is about 200 C and the expected forming time 4 seconds. Said time is set and the temperature and the maximum power are set at or below the expected suitable values, whereafter a test operation is performed. If the result is not satisfac- torily the values of power and temperature are increased stepwise until the desired result is obtained.
  • the device may optionally be provided with means with which a series of test operations with stepwise changed parameter values is automatically performed in accordance with a pre-determined schedule, and thereafter the best result in said test series is determined and the device is set for said values.
  • the heating means consisted of iron- -constantan with the resistance 0,73 ohm/m at room tempe ⁇ rature and 0,775 ohm/ at 200°C.
  • Example 1 In this experiment the control device disclosed above was used in combination with a couple of straight welding tools (welding clamps) of steel of the shape disclos-ed on Figure 5. Said figure shows a couple of straight welding clamps 1 with the longitudinal extension 400 mm. At the inner surface of each welding clamp there is a resistance means consisting of a resistance strip 2 the size which is 4 x 0,25 x 420 mm. Said resistance strips are connected in series and connec ⁇ ted to the output of a transformer which is controlled with the device according to the invention. Furthermore, a thermistor 3 is arranged in the upper welding clamp closely to said resistance strip.
  • the welding material consisted of soft polyvinyl chloride with the thickness 0,10 mm and the melting point about 140 C. Two layers of said material are joined by welding. In said welding operation the following settings of the controls on the control device are used:
  • the clamping pressure used for welding amounted to in average about 0.1 k P /cm longitudinal extension of the weld, calculated as the load divided with the contact surface of the heating strip. A very good weld was obtained.
  • Example 2 in this experiment a weld of semicircular shape was produ ⁇ ced with a pair of welding tongs.
  • the pair of welding tongs is shown on Figures 6 and 7.
  • Figure 6 shows the shape of the heating means 2 and the arrangement of the thermistor 3.
  • Figure 7 shows the shape of the welding tongs with a f i xed part 4 with a semicircular resistance means 2 and a movable part 5 which is likewise provided with a semicircular resistance heating means and which can be moved against the fixed part as is indicated on the Figure.
  • the resistance means consisted of a welding strip with the cross sectxon 0 4 x 0.25 mm and the extension about 82 mm.
  • the thermistor 3 was arranged close to one of the 5 resistance strips.
  • the welded material consisted of a rigid, clear polyvinyl chloride foil with the melting point about 145°C and the thickness 0,35 mm. Two such foils were welded together.
  • the welding time amounted to 2 seconds and voltage and amperage, measured as stated in example 1, where measured to in average 5.5 volts and 24.5 amperes.
  • the amperage decreased from the maximum of 25-28A at switch-on to a stable value of 20,5 A after about 1 second.
  • the thickness of the polyethylene layer was about 10 microns and the thickness of the polypropylene layer was about 0,35 mm.
  • the melting temperature of the polypropylene tube was about 130°C.
  • Figure 9 shows the shape of the resistance means 2 which consisted of welding strip with the cross-section size 6 x 0,15 m and the extension of 130 mm and comprised a semicircular part with the extension 110 mm and two radially directed parts with the extension 10 mm for electric connection of the heating strips.
  • the heating strips were connected in series and connected to the output side of a transformer which was controlled by a device according to the invention as disclosed in connection with the preceding examples.
  • a thermistor 3 was arranged close to the lower semi ⁇ circular resistance heating strip 2.
  • Voltage and and amperage were measured in the same way as stated in preceding examples.
  • GVFI When performing welding operations, e.g. hot sealing, gluing and similar operations according to the invention it is also possible to control the pressure force with which the heating means are applied against the material being treated.
  • the pressure force can be controlled during the operation depending upon time and/or temperature and/or electrical output power, and said control can be performed through the same device which is used for controlling the heating power or with a separate control device.
  • the pressure used in the welding operation can e.g. be controll ⁇ ed from a high original pressure force which gives good heat transfer, to a lower pressure force at higher tempera ⁇ ture in the material, which prevents that the tool intrudes too deep into the heat softened material.
  • hot sealing e.g.
  • thermoplastics in general, such as polyolefines, e.g. polyethylene (low density and high density), poly- propylene and polybutylene, polymethylpentene, and copolymers of these and also with other copolymerisable monomers, e.g.
  • ethyl acrylat and vinyl acetate especially with ethylene, styrene plastics, polystyrene, styrene-acrylonitrile plastics, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene plastics, methacrylate- -butadiene-styrene plastics, methacrylate-styrene plastics, thermoplastic styrene-butadiene rubber, vinyl plastics, e.g.
  • vinylchloride plastics polyvinylchloride, vinylacetate plastics, polyvinylacetate, vinylacetal plastics, polyvinyl- acetal, vinyl alcohol plastics, polyvinyl alcohol, amide plastics, polyamides, nylon, cellulose plastics, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate- butyrate, cellulose acetate propionate, ethylcellulose, acryl plastics, polyacrylate, polymethyl acrylate, formaldehyde plastics, polyformaldehyde, acetal plastics, carbonate plastics, polycarbonate, fluoro-chloro-olefin plastics, fluoroethylene plastics, polyfluoroethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyfluoro- ethylene propylene, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, polyviny- lidene fluoride, polyvinyl fluoride, chloroether plastics, linear estei* plastics, linear polyesters, polyethylene- terephthalate, polyethyleneglycol
  • Said plastics may be used in the shape of e.g. foils, sheets, foam,sponge, fibres, beads, grains, etc.
  • plastics can be bonded or combined, e.g. metal, ceramics, glass, textiles, woven and non-woven, such as cotton, wool, viscose, etc.
  • a tool which is especially suited for use according to the invention and comprises a substrate body, preferably in the shape of a straight ruler or a prismatic body, e.g. an elongated body with essentially rectangular cross-section shape, and an electric heating means arranged in the longi ⁇ tudinal direction of the body with the body as a supporting substrate, preferably on one of the narrow longitudinal side surfaces of the body.
  • said heating means is maintained under traction tension with a
  • GiVP tensioning means e.g. helical springs or similar spring means, at one or both ends of said heating means.
  • a resistance element 102 in the shape of a metal strip extending along a central part intended to act upon a treated material, between two edges 103 of said substrate body acting as deflection points for said strip so that said strip by the influence of a tension at the end part can be maintain ⁇ ed bent in an angle against said central part at said edges 103.
  • the figure shows also a heat insulating and/or electrically insulating spacer 105 between the resistance strip 102 and the substrate body 101.
  • the end parts 104 of said strip are fixed to a tensioning means 106 extending through an opening 107 in a flange-like part or protrusion 108 at the end part of the body 101.
  • Said tensioning means 106 has the shape of a bolt with a threaded end part which extends outwardly from said flange 108, said outwardly extending part being surrounded by a helical spring 109 urging against a nut 110 on said threaded end of said means 106 which with a further nut 111 holds a cable clip 112 at the end of an electric supply cable 113.
  • a corresponding tensioning means can be arranged at the other end of the tool body 101.
  • the electrical connec ⁇ tion means By arranging the resistance element deflected at a deflecting point or deflecting means at an angle away from the central part of the resistance means intended for application against the work piece the electrical connec ⁇ tion means will require only a small space so that a plurality of heating means can be arranged at a small mutual distance parallel with each other.
  • FIGS 12-19 show similar embodiments of tools which are suitable for use according to the invention.
  • An opening 114 for inserting a temperature measuring means e.g. a thermistor, is also disclosed on the figures.
  • a coating 115 intended to prevent adherence to the work piece e.g. made from Teflon glass fabric or a similar material is arranged on said resistance strip 102.
  • Figure 17 shows a group of tools arranged in parallel, the tensioning means 106 on adjacent tools being directed alternating so that they form a larger angle QL ⁇ of the means 106a and a smaller angle cL- of the means 106b, resp. , in relation to the central part of the resistance strip. By alternating arrangement the connection of the electrical lines 112-113 is facilitated.
  • Figures 118 and 119 show sections through such groups of tools 101 provided with heating means clamped in retaining means 117.
  • Electric forming tool provided with resistance heating means especially a welding tool (welding clamp or welding jaw) for welding plastics and similar, characterized in that said tool comprises a body 101 acting as heat insulat ⁇ ing substrate, said body preferably having lower heat conductivity than metals (steel, brass) , and a resistance heating means 102 arranged at the intended working surface of said tool.
  • an enforcing filler such as glass fibres, c fabric material or similar material, e.g. a phenolform- aldehyde resin reinforced e.g. with a fabric or glass fibres.
  • a tool according to embodiment 1 or 2 characterized in that said resistance heating means consists of metal, such as a metal strip, or an electrically conducting
  • r _C PI_ polymeric material especially elastics material, such as rubber, with conducting filler, such as carbon particles.
  • a tool according to any of the preceding embodiments characterized in that said heating means on the surface facing the work piece is coated or covered with a material 115 with good release characteristics in relation to the treated material, e.g. a fluorine containing organic poly ⁇ mer, e.g. polymerized fluorinated olefin, such as polytetrafluoro ethylene.
  • a fluorine containing organic poly ⁇ mer e.g. polymerized fluorinated olefin, such as polytetrafluoro ethylene.
  • a tool characterized in that the electrical resistance heating means 102 is maintained under tension with a spring means 109 excerting a tension force in the longitudinal direction of said heating means, said heating means consisting of an elongated body, preferably in the shape of a strip and preferably with rectangular cross-section.
  • a compressed spring means 109 preferably a helical spring means
  • said substrate body consists of an elongated body 101 with preferably essentially square or rectangular cross-section, said heating means 102 being arranged on one side of said substrate and forming a flat or curved working surface facing the work piece, the end of said substrate body being provided with a protrusion 108 or a flange with a recess or opening 107 through which the end part of said heating means 102 or the connecting means 107 extends, said protrusion or flange protruding from a part of said substrate spaced from the side of said substrate facing said heating means, the end part of said heating means and/or the connecting means and optionally said opening or recess in said flange or protrusion and preferably also said protrusion or flange being directed in an oblique angle o, ,Q. chorus against the working surface of said heating means, preferably in an angle of 15-75 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Sink And Installation For Waste Water (AREA)
  • Heating, Cooling, Or Curing Plastics Or The Like In General (AREA)

Abstract

Un dispositif de travail a chaud, de preference de formage ou soudage a la chaleur de materiaux plastiques, comprend des moyens de chauffage electrique et un dispositif de commande pour alimenter en energie de chauffage electrique lesdits moyens de chauffage. Ce dispositif de commande comprend a) des moyens de reduction de puissance (3), b) des moyens (9) pour regler une energie de chauffage maximum, lesdits moyens de reglage (9) etant connectes a une unite de commande (4) qui commande lesdits moyens de limitation d'energie, c) des moyens (6) de mesure de la temperature de chauffage, lesdits moyens etant connectes a l'unite de commande (4), le signal provenant de ces moyens de mesure de temperature (6) agissant par l'intermediaire de l'unite de commande (4) sur les moyens de limitation de puissance (3) pour limiter l'energie de chauffage lorsque celle-ci depasse une temperature particuliere predeterminee, et ce de maniere continue ou en plusieurs etapes, de preference au moins trois etapes, de preference de meme ampleur, et d) des moyens de commande d'impulsion (8) pour maintenir l'alimentation de puissance de chauffage branchee pendant une periode de temps reglable pendant au moins une periode d'impulsion continue. Un procede de travail a chaud, de preference de formage ou soudage a la chaleur de materiaux plastiques, a l'aide de moyens de chauffage electrique pour ledit travail a chaud, specialement des moyens de resistance chauffante, ou l'alimentation de puissance de chauffage electrique auxdits moyens de chauffage est commandee pendant au moins une periode d'impulsion continue.
EP80902071A 1979-10-29 1980-10-29 Procede et dispositif de travail a chaud Withdrawn EP0044837A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE7908945A SE427258B (sv) 1979-10-29 1979-10-29 Forfarande och anordning for varmarbetning, foretredesvis varmformning eller svetsning, av plast
SE7908945 1979-10-29
SE8007565 1980-10-30

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0044837A1 true EP0044837A1 (fr) 1982-02-03

Family

ID=26657365

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP80850164A Withdrawn EP0033822A1 (fr) 1979-10-29 1980-10-29 Procédé et dispositif pour le traitement à chaud
EP80902071A Withdrawn EP0044837A1 (fr) 1979-10-29 1980-10-29 Procede et dispositif de travail a chaud

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP80850164A Withdrawn EP0033822A1 (fr) 1979-10-29 1980-10-29 Procédé et dispositif pour le traitement à chaud

Country Status (9)

Country Link
EP (2) EP0033822A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS56501593A (fr)
AU (1) AU6480380A (fr)
DE (1) DE3049979A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK284681A (fr)
FI (1) FI813827L (fr)
NO (1) NO812177L (fr)
SE (1) SE427258B (fr)
WO (1) WO1981001118A1 (fr)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4755242A (en) * 1987-02-17 1988-07-05 Golden Needle Knitting & Glove Co., Inc. Method and apparatus for binding edges of woven, non woven and knitted articles
GB8812361D0 (en) * 1988-05-25 1988-06-29 Kenrick & Jefferson Ltd Heat sealing device
JP2638112B2 (ja) * 1988-08-29 1997-08-06 株式会社クボタ 電気融着の制御装置および方法
DK169597B1 (da) * 1991-02-25 1994-12-19 Weldan A S Evald A Nyborg A S Fremgangsmåde til svejsning af en præge- og/eller svejse- og/eller skillesøm i et eller flere lag materiale indeholdende varmesvejsbart, især termoplastisk plastmateriale, og svejsepresse til udøvelse af fremgangsmåden
DK136891A (da) * 1991-02-25 1992-08-26 Weldan A S Evald A Nyborg A S Fremgangsmaade til svejsning af et materiale indeholdende varmesvejsbar plast, samt svejsepresse og svejseelektrode til brug ved udoevelse af fremgangsmaaden
US5788789A (en) * 1995-06-08 1998-08-04 George Fischer Sloane, Inc. Power device for fusing plastic pipe joints
DE202005005126U1 (de) * 2005-03-29 2006-08-10 Wolf, Hans Siegelgerät

Family Cites Families (13)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH472930A (de) * 1967-04-24 1969-05-31 Von Roll Ag Schweissgerät für Wechselstrom-Netzbetrieb zum Verbinden von Rohren und Formstücken aus schweissbarem Kunststoff durch elektrische Widerstandsheizung
DE1679940B1 (de) * 1967-08-16 1970-12-23 Hans Beck Schweissstempel zum Herstellen von durch Heissversiegelung von zwei Folien gewonnenen Verpackungshuellen
US3617696A (en) * 1968-05-03 1971-11-02 Martin Malone Heat-sealing apparatus
DE2112848A1 (de) * 1971-03-17 1972-12-07 Zinser Autogen Schweisstechnik Elektrisches Geraet,insbesondere Heissgasdusche,mit einem Steuergeraet
DE2119445C3 (de) * 1971-04-21 1973-11-15 Everhard 4790 Paderborn Bauer Temperaturregelanordnung fur eine Impulsschweißmaschine
SE351592C (sv) * 1972-03-29 1974-05-06 Iwema Foerpacknings Ab Svetsbackar för sammansvetsning av foliebanor
SE383286B (sv) * 1973-04-10 1976-03-08 Solve Systemror Ab Anordning for skarvning av ror
US3937921A (en) * 1973-04-19 1976-02-10 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Temperature control system
DE2658754C3 (de) * 1976-12-24 1981-03-19 Diehl GmbH & Co, 8500 Nürnberg Digitale Regelung, insbesondere eines Heizaggregats
DE2717888C3 (de) * 1977-04-22 1980-12-18 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt Verfahren zur digitalen Steuerung von elektrischen Kochstellen
GB2011195B (en) * 1977-10-11 1982-08-04 Midland Binding Machines Ltd Thermal binding machines
DE2816420A1 (de) * 1978-04-15 1979-10-25 Steinel Kg Vorrichtung zur regelung der leistung eines heizwiderstandes von foehnen, trockenhauben oder heizlueftern
CH633746A5 (de) * 1978-04-24 1982-12-31 Werner Sturm Verfahren und vorrichtung zum verbinden von rohrleitungselementen aus schweissbarem kunststoff.

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO8101118A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE7908945L (sv) 1981-04-30
FI813827L (fi) 1981-11-30
SE427258B (sv) 1983-03-21
JPS56501593A (fr) 1981-11-05
AU6480380A (en) 1981-05-07
DK284681A (da) 1981-06-26
DE3049979A1 (en) 1982-05-06
WO1981001118A1 (fr) 1981-04-30
EP0033822A1 (fr) 1981-08-19
NO812177L (no) 1981-06-25

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