EP0044031B1 - Device for opening or closing a door, especially a fire-door - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a device for opening or closing a door, in particular a fire door, with a pneumatically or hydraulically actuated working cylinder, the cylinder housing on the door frame, the wall or the like. and whose piston rod, which consists of a tube, is fastened to the door and which is coupled to a pressure medium source, so that when the pressure medium is supplied, the piston rod pushing pressure medium out of the cylinder housing enters the space between the piston and the bottom wall of the cylinder housing, the end region facing away from the bottom wall of the cylinder housing of the cylinder housing is sealed against the piston rod.

Such a device is known from DE-A-25 56 407.

In another device of this type (CH-A-412 625), in which, however, the cylinder housing with the pivoting door and the piston rod consisting of a tube with the door frame, the wall or the like. is connected to avoid longer, bending stressed hoses near the attachment point for the piston rod at this pressure medium connections, through which pressure medium can optionally be supplied from a pressure medium source, which either through the interior of the tubular piston rod into the space between the bottom wall of the cylinder housing and the piston reaches and thereby pushes the piston rod out of the cylinder, or via the other connection through a piston rod annulus, which lies outside the interior of the piston rod used for pressure medium guidance from the first connection, via openings near the piston enters the annulus between the cylinder housing and the outer wall of the piston rod and thereby exerts such pressure on the piston that the piston rod is displaced into the cylinder housing.

While in this known device, because of the small movements of the piston rod in the area of the pressure medium connections, a simple and unloaded connection to the pressure medium source can be established, this device does not allow actuation by a handle or release lever provided on the door, but only by one remote from it Moving door intended arrangement.

Devices are also already known in which a control line leads from a valve coupled to the handle or release lever provided on the door to the pressure medium source, which presses pressure medium into the space between the bottom wall of the cylinder housing or the corresponding end region of this housing when the valve is actuated Presses the piston and bottom wall of the cylinder housing and thus pushes the piston rod attached to the door with its outer end out of the cylinder housing, so that the door is opened by pivoting or moving.

The door is closed after the handle or release lever is released and thus after the valve is closed, either by pivoting or sliding the door into its closed position with the aid of a weight, the piston rod then moving back into the cylinder housing and the piston presses the previously introduced pressure medium out of the cylinder housing through a ventilation opening, or by pressurizing the other side of the piston by closing the valve and simultaneously venting the previously loaded side, i.e. using a double-acting working cylinder, with the help of which both opening and closing is carried out.

A major disadvantage of this known device is that a connection from the handle or release lever of the door to the pressure medium source arranged stationary with respect to the door must be made, i.e. the connection between the movable door and the pressure medium source requires elastic hoses or lines that are of such a length that they also bridge the greatest distance between the handle or release lever of the door and the pressure medium source that results during operation. Such lines or hoses are often difficult to assemble with great effort because of the small space available, and they are subject to considerable wear as a result of the movement of the door. Furthermore, flexible lines for fire doors are generally not permitted.

It is therefore an object of the invention to design a device for opening or closing a door by means of a handle or release lever provided on it in such a way that no flexible lines or hoses are required and that, in particular, the lines used do not have to bridge distances that change during operation .

To achieve this object, a device of the type mentioned at the outset is designed according to the invention in such a way that the tubular piston rod in its end region adjacent to the piston has at least one inlet opening for the entry of pressure medium, and in its end region remote from the piston one with one side by means of a handle or release lever The outlet opening for the discharge of pressure medium connected to the valve to be opened has a pipeline connected to the piston rod, one end of which is guided through the piston and the other end of which is sealed and led out of the end region of the piston rod that is remote from the piston and sealed is connected to the other end of the valve, compressed air flowing from the outlet opening via the pipeline into the space between the piston and the bottom wall of the cylinder housing when the valve is opened and this space via the valve when the valve is closed Pipeline is vented, and that the end region of the cylinder housing facing away from the bottom wall of the cylinder housing has an inlet for supplying pressure medium to the annular space between the cylinder housing and the piston rod.

In the device according to the invention, the handle or release lever present on the door or the valve to be actuated by it, accommodated on or in the door, is thus only connected to the piston rod of the working cylinder, which in turn is attached to the door, so that when Opening or closing the door does not change the distance between these elements, so the connecting lines used can consist of rigid pipes. The door is opened by the fact that the pressure medium, which is directed via the interior of the tubular piston rod from the pressure medium source to the valve, reaches the space between the piston and the bottom wall of the cylinder housing when the handle or release lever is actuated, through the valve through the pipeline and through the piston . Since this piston surface acted upon by pressure medium is considerably larger than the opposite piston surface to which the piston rod is attached and through which the pipeline extends, the piston rod is pressed out of the cylinder housing as a result of this application of pressure medium to the piston, i.e. the door opens.

Although the pipeline for supplying pressure medium to the space between the bottom wall of the cylinder and the piston could also be designed, for example, as a longitudinal bore in the wall of the tube forming the piston rod, it is preferably arranged axially parallel or coaxially in the interior of the tube in the form of a separate pipeline.

Particularly in the case of doors whose closing movement is generated with the aid of a weight acting on them, as is often the case with fire doors which are to close automatically, it is desirable to provide a device which ensures that even if components fail the opening device, for example if the valve to be activated by the handle or release lever does not switch back again when the handle or release lever is released, the door closes automatically after some time.

For this purpose, a device according to the invention can be designed in such a way that in the peripheral wall of the end region of the cylinder housing facing away from the bottom wall there is a control opening connected to a pressure-operated time valve, which is sealed with respect to the pipe in its two axial directions, and that at least one inlet opening in the completely extended position of the tube is in flow connection with the control opening.

If a door opened by means of such a device is in its fully open position, pressure fluid is thus applied to the timing valve via an inlet opening and the control opening in the cylinder housing, and if the door has not closed before the time period determined by the timing valve has expired, the time valve is actuated, which then activates a valve to interrupt the pressure medium supply to the working cylinder and to vent it, so that the pressure in the space between the bottom wall of the cylinder housing and the piston drops and the door is closed by the weight provided for this purpose.

In order to be able to open and close a door provided with a device according to the invention with the aid of a pressure medium, such as compressed air, a second, floating piston and an air inlet arranged near the bottom wall can be provided in the space between the piston and the bottom wall of the cylinder housing will.

This ensures that when compressed air is introduced from a centrally controlled compressed air source, the second, floating piston is moved against the first piston and closes the pipeline leading through the first piston, which is connected to the atmosphere when the handle or trigger lever is not actuated. With central control, the introduced compressed air thus displaces the second piston against the first, and thus both pistons are displaced in the cylinder housing. After switching off the compressed air, both pistons can move back to their original position. The manual operation of the device, on the other hand, is not affected, because when the handle or trigger lever is actuated, the compressed air is introduced into the space between the two pistons through the pipeline leading through the first piston, the second piston blocking the air inlet. The compressed air introduced through the pipeline therefore displaces the piston attached to the piston rod in the manner mentioned above.

• Figur 1 zeigt schematisch und stark vereinfacht eine Vorrichtung zum Öffnen einer Schiebetür.
• Figur 2 zeigt in einer Schnittdarstellung den Arbeitszylinder der Vorrichtung aus Figur 1 sowie seine Verbindungen mit dem vom Griff- oder Auslösehebel der Tür zu betätigenden Ventil.
• Figur 3 zeigt in einer Schnittdarstellung einen Arbeitszylinder, der eine zentral gesteuerte Betätigung ermöglicht, sowie seine Verbindung mit dem vom Griff- oder Auslösehebel der Tür zu betätigenden Ventil.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the figures.

• Figure 1 shows schematically and greatly simplified a device for opening a sliding door.
• Figure 2 shows a sectional view of the cylinder of the device of Figure 1 and its connections to the valve to be actuated by the handle or trigger lever of the door.
• FIG. 3 shows a sectional view of a working cylinder which enables centrally controlled actuation and its connection to the valve to be actuated by the handle or release lever of the door.

The device shown in FIG. 1 for opening the sliding door 1 in the direction of the arrow contains a working cylinder, the cylinder housing 10 of which is fastened to a wall by means of a bracket 8 and by means of an angle 5 and a screw 7 by means of an angle 6. A pressure vessel 9 is connected to this cylinder housing, to which a pressure medium, for example compressed air, is supplied from a pressure medium source (not shown), so that it has sufficient pressure Compressed air supply for several door openings.

A piston rod 21, which extends out of the cylinder housing 10 and whose outer end is attached to a plate 4, is fastened to the piston 20 of the working cylinder. This plate is attached via a strut 3 at the upper end of the door 1. Lines 25 and 26 extend from the outer end of the piston rod in a manner to be described later to a valve provided in the door which is actuated by means of the pivotable door handle 2, i.e. the valve is opened when the door handle is pivoted to open the door, as a result of which the piston rod 21 moves out of the cylinder housing 10 and the door 1 is moved by it into the open position indicated by dashed lines.

The structure of the working cylinder and its connections to the valve 27 to be actuated by the door handle 2 are shown in FIG. 2, but the fastening of the cylinder housing 10 to the wall and the fastening of the outer end of the piston rod 21 to the door are omitted.

A bushing 11 forming part of the cylinder housing is screwed onto the outer end of the cylinder housing, the smallest inside diameter of which is larger than the outside diameter of the piston rod 21 and three ring seals 14, 15, 16 are arranged in the inner wall of the latter, which seal the annular space 19 between the cylinder housing 10 and Seal the piston rod 21. Furthermore, the annular shoulder 17 of the bush 11 coming into contact with the outer end face of the cylinder housing 10 is extended radially inwards and forms a stop for the piston 20 of the working cylinder.

The piston 20 carries in a circumferential annular groove a seal 22 abutting the inner wall of the cylinder housing 10, and the piston rod 21 is fastened to it, which in the fully inserted position of the piston 20 extends with its free end out of the cylinder housing, i.e. extends out of the socket 11. This piston rod consists of a tube which has two inlet openings 23 and 24 in the end region adjacent to the piston 20 and in the closed other end of which an outlet opening 29 is provided, to which a pipeline 25 is connected. Furthermore, a pipe 26 extends through the pipe 21 parallel to the longitudinal axis thereof and is guided through the piston 20 and is open at this end, while at the other end of this pipe it exits in a sealed manner from the interior of the pipe 21.

The pipeline 25 is at the entrance of a manual, i.e. connected by means of the door handle 2 to be operated valve 27, while the pipe 26 is connected to the outlet of this valve. As indicated by the spring 28, this valve is brought into its closed position by spring force when the door handle is released.

The connection to the pressure medium source or to the pressure medium container 9 (FIG. 1) takes place via the connection bore 12, into which part of a conventional coupling can be screwed, and via a schematically illustrated valve 30. A corresponding coupling is connected to the control opening 13 Usual time valve 31 connected. This time valve contains a one-way throttle valve which is adjustable to set the desired time delay and which feeds the pressure medium flowing through, such as compressed air, to a container, so that a valve is switched when a certain pressure is reached in the container. When this valve is switched, the valve 30 is closed by means of compressed air from the pressure medium container 9.

It is assumed that the door 1 (FIG. 1) is moved into the closed position in a conventional manner with the aid of a weight (not shown) and is held in the closed position while it is being opened with the aid of the working cylinder.

If compressed air is supplied via the connection bore 12, it reaches the annular space 19 and through the inlet openings 23, 24 into the interior of the piston rod 21 and from there via the outlet opening 29 and the pipeline 25 to the inlet of the valve 27, which was initially closed Position the piston rod 21 on the one hand due to the weight acting on the door and on the other hand due to the pressure of the compressed air on the free piston surface; which faces the annular space 19, held in its closed position. A corresponding vent indicated on the valve 27 ensures that any excess pressure that may be present in the space 18 is reduced.

When the door handle 2 is actuated, the valve 27 is opened, and the compressed air passes from the line 25 into the pipeline 26 and thus into the space 18. As a result of the larger effective area of the piston 20 on this side, the piston 20 is displaced and the piston rod 21 moved out of the cylinder housing 10, ie the door 1 is moved in the direction of the arrow (FIG. 1), that is to say opened.

When the door handle 2 is released, the valve 27 is closed by spring pressure and the space 18 is vented from the valve 27 via the pipeline 26. The door is therefore closed due to the weight and the pressure of the compressed air on the annular surface of the piston 20 facing away from the space 18, and the piston 20 and piston rod 21 return to the position shown in FIG. 2.

In order to ensure that the door 1 is closed again even if, for example, the valve 27 “hooks”, ie does not return to its closed position after the door handle 2 is released, the distance of the inlet opening 24 of the piston rod 21 from the surface of the piston rod facing it is Piston 20 dimensioned such that this inlet opening when the piston 20 rests on the annular shoulder 17, that is to say when the door is open, between the seals 14 and 15 and thus acts on the time valve 31 connected to the control opening 13 with compressed air. Therefore door 1 becomes not closed within the time period determined by the time valve, the time valve 31 closes the valve 30, whereby on the one hand the compressed air supply to the working cylinder is interrupted and on the other hand working cylinders and pipes 25 and 26 are vented. As a result, the door is then moved into its closed position due to the weight. The door can then be opened again with the aid of the working cylinder if the valve 30 has been opened by hand.

It is of course also possible to dispense with the use of a weight for closing the door, and also to effect the closing process by applying compressed air to the piston 20 if the piston surface is dimensioned accordingly.

In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the same parts are designated with the same reference numerals as in FIGS. 1 and 2. Only the additional or modified parts are described in connection with FIG. 3.

Between the bottom wall 12 'of the cylinder housing 10 and the piston 20, a second piston 40 is provided, which is arranged in a floating manner and divides the space between the bottom wall 12' and the piston 20 into a first space 18 and a second space 18 '. Like the piston 20, the floating second piston 40 carries a seal 42, preferably an O-ring, on its circumference.

In the vicinity of the bottom wall 12 ', an air inlet line 44 for the second space 18' of the cylinder housing 10 is also connected, through which compressed air can be introduced into the space 18 ', that is to say to the side of the second piston 40 which is towards the piston 20. The air inlet line 44 is screwed into the cylinder housing 10 in the usual way. The thickness of the second piston 40 is selected such that there is no tilting during displacement in the cylinder housing 10. However, since the second piston 40 is supported on the piston 20 during operation, the risk of canting is not very great.

The position of the air inlet line 44 and the thickness of the piston 20 are selected such that the air inlet line 44 is closed when the second piston 40 is in contact with the bottom wall 12 ′, so that a first space 18 which is closed except for the mouth of the pipeline 26 is formed.

When the door handle 2 is actuated manually, the valve 27 is opened, as already described in connection with FIGS. 1 and 2, and the compressed air passes from the pipeline 25 into the pipeline 26 and thus into the first space 18 moves the bottom wall 12 'and closes the air inlet line 44 so that the compressed air introduced into the first space 18 acts on the larger effective area of the first piston 20 facing the second piston 40 and moves it together with the piston rod 21 out of the cylinder housing 10, ie the door opens.

When the door handle 2 is released, as described in connection with FIGS. 1 and 2, the valve 27 is closed by the pressure of the spring 28 and the first space 18 is vented via the pipeline 26 and the valve 27. As a result, the door closes due to the acting weight and due to the pressure of the compressed air on the annular surface of the piston 20 which faces away from the first space 18 and which, together with the piston rod 21, thereby returns to the starting position.

If the door is to be opened by central control, compressed air is introduced through the air inlet line 44 into the second space 18 ′ between the second piston 40 and the bottom wall 12 ′ of the cylinder housing 10, as a result of which the second piston 40 is moved against the piston 20. The pressure medium, preferably compressed air, present in the first space 18 is discharged through the pipeline 26 and the valve 27 in the rest position. When the second piston 40 is in contact with the piston 20, both pistons can be displaced together by the compressed air introduced into the second space 18 ′, whereby the venting of the pipeline 26 is prevented in a simple manner. To close the door and thus to move the piston rod 21 and the cylinder housing 10 together, the air inlet line 44 is simply vented, for example using a conventional three-way valve, not shown. When the second space 18 'is vented, the piston 20 is moved back to the starting position in the manner described above, which corresponds approximately to the position shown in FIG.

Claims (6)

1. Means for opening a door (1), more especially a fire door, having an operating cylinder which can be actuated pneumatically or hydraulically and of which the cylinder housing (10) is fixed on the door frame, the wall or the like and of which the piston rod (21) consisting of a tube is fixed on the door (1) and which is coupled with a pressure medium source (9), so that when pressure medium is supplied, pressure medium forcing the piston rod (21 ) out of the cylinder housing (10) passes into the space (18) between the piston (20) and the bottom wall of the cylinder housing (10), that end region of the cylinder housing (10) which faces away from the bottom wall of the cylinder housing (10) being sealed off with respect to the piston rod (21), wherein the tubular piston rod (21), in its end region adjacent the piston (20), comprises at least one inlet opening (23, 24) for the admission of pressure medium and, in its end region remote from the piston (20), an outlet opening (29) for the discharge of pressure medium and connected to one side of a valve (27) to be opened by means of a handle or release lever (2) of the door (1), wherein a pipe line (26) connected to the piston rod (21 ) is provided an open end of which line is guided through the piston (20) while its other end is led out of that end region of the piston rod (21 ) which is remote from the piston (20), sealed off from the internal space thereof, and is connected to the other ead of the valve (27), so that, with opening of the valve (27), compressed air flows form the outlet opening (25) through the pipe line (26) into the space (18) between piston (20) and bottom wall of the cylinder housing (10) and, with closing of the valve (22), compressed air is vented from the space (18) through the pipe line (26), and wherein that end region of the cylinder housing (10) which is remote from the bottom wall of the cylinder housing (10) comprises an inlet (12) for feeding pressure medium to the annular space (19) between cylinder housing (10) and piston rod (21 ).

2. Means according to Claim 1, wherein the pipe line (26) is arranged axially parallel or coaxially in the internal space of the piston rod (21).

3. Means according to Claim 1 or 2, for a door of which the closing movement is produced with the aid of a weight acting thereon, wherein a control opening (13) connected to a time valve actuated by pressure is provided in the circumferential wall of that end region of the cylinder housing (10) which is remote from the bottom wall, which opening is sealed off with respect to the piston rod (21) in its two axial directions, and wherein at least one inlet opening (24) has a flow connection with the control opening (13) in the completely extended position of the piston rod (21).

4. Means according to one of Claims 1 to 3, wherein a second floating piston (40) is provided in the space between the piston (20) and the bottom wall (12') of the cylinder housing (10), and wherein the cylinder housing (10) has an air inlet in the vicinity of its ottom wall (21').

5. Means according to Claim 4, wherein the floating piston (40) carries a packing (42) on its circumference.

6. Means according to Claim 4 or 5, wherein the ratio between diameter and thickness of the floating piston (40) is so chosen that there is no tilting of the piston (40) as it is displaced in the cylinder housing (10).

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