EP0041248B1 - Dispositif de brunissage d'une surface cylindrique de travail au moyen d'un outil de brunissage - Google Patents

Dispositif de brunissage d'une surface cylindrique de travail au moyen d'un outil de brunissage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0041248B1
EP0041248B1 EP81104118A EP81104118A EP0041248B1 EP 0041248 B1 EP0041248 B1 EP 0041248B1 EP 81104118 A EP81104118 A EP 81104118A EP 81104118 A EP81104118 A EP 81104118A EP 0041248 B1 EP0041248 B1 EP 0041248B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cone
desired value
burnishing
tool
pressure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81104118A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0041248A3 (en
EP0041248A2 (fr
Inventor
Heinz Rottleuthner
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Madison Industries GmbH
Original Assignee
Madison Industries GmbH
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Publication of EP0041248A2 publication Critical patent/EP0041248A2/fr
Publication of EP0041248A3 publication Critical patent/EP0041248A3/de
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B39/00—Burnishing machines or devices, i.e. requiring pressure members for compacting the surface zone; Accessories therefor
    • B24B39/02—Burnishing machines or devices, i.e. requiring pressure members for compacting the surface zone; Accessories therefor designed for working internal surfaces of revolution
    • B24B39/023—Burnishing machines or devices, i.e. requiring pressure members for compacting the surface zone; Accessories therefor designed for working internal surfaces of revolution the working tool being composed of a plurality of working rolls or balls
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
    • B24B49/02—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation according to the instantaneous size and required size of the workpiece acted upon, the measuring or gauging being continuous or intermittent
    • B24B49/06—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation according to the instantaneous size and required size of the workpiece acted upon, the measuring or gauging being continuous or intermittent requiring comparison of the workpiece with standard gauging plugs, rings or the like

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for smooth rolling a cylindrical workpiece surface with a smooth rolling tool, which can be designed as a tool for smooth rolling inner cylinder surfaces or as a tool for smooth rolling outer cylinder surfaces, the smooth rolling tool having a shank with a cone which is hollow in the outer smooth rolling tool, and one to the taper coaxially and axially relative to this displaceable cage with radially displaceable in the cage slots and on the conical surface of the taper facing the cylindrical workpiece surface of the tapered roller bearings, with a drive device which causes a relative rotation and axial displacement of taper and workpiece, and with a cone and cage automatically as a function of a predetermined, constant rolling pressure axially displacing adjusting device, the cone of the inner smooth rolling tool is also hollow and the dimensioning of the wall thickness of the cone allows the wall to be deformed by the rolling pressure up to slightly beyond the cone side facing away from the cylindrical workpiece surface, a deformation sensor is arranged on this cone side, the output variable of which is fed to
  • DE-A-2 935 601 which does not belong to the prior art, it has been proposed to automatically measure the rolling pressure of the smooth rolling device during rolling and to regulate it automatically by comparison with an adjustable setpoint to this setpoint.
  • the surface to be smoothed has a predetermined degree of completeness (the degree of completeness indicates how completely the space between the envelope surface and the base of the "surface rock" is filled with material) and a predetermined roughness in order to achieve the desired smoothness at a predetermined rolling pressure to achieve the workpiece surface. Since the preprocessing of the workpieces carried out before smooth rolling is often not carried out uniformly for all workpieces, a correspondingly different rolling pressure setpoint would have to be selected in order to achieve a predetermined smoothness of the respective workpiece. This requires a measurement of the surface and readjustment of the setpoint device before each smooth rolling of a workpiece. However, manual measurement and readjustment is labor-intensive and time-consuming, especially for series production.
  • the invention has for its object to improve the device according to the mentioned DE-A-2 935 601 in such a way that a manual measurement of the workpiece surface and corresponding adjustment of the rolling pressure setpoint is not necessary.
  • this object is achieved in that the plug is connected to a displacement transducer, that the setpoint generator has a setpoint correction unit and a basic setpoint generator for a basic setpoint of the rolling pressure, and that the output of the displacement transducer is connected to an input of the setpoint correction unit that the output of the setpoint correction unit is connected to the setpoint input of the comparator, that the setpoint correction unit corrects the basic setpoint depending on the distance traveled by the cone since the beginning of the rolling process until the basic setpoint is reached and feeds it to the comparator as a corrected setpoint.
  • This solution is based on the knowledge that the distance traveled by the cone from the start of the smooth rolling process until the basic setpoint has been reached can be used as a measure of the initial degree of completeness or the roughness of the workpiece surface for adjusting or correcting the basic setpoint.
  • the smaller this path the greater the initial degree of completeness and the higher the rolling pressure setpoint would have to be selected in order to achieve a desired smoothness.
  • the larger the basic setpoint that is set the greater the distance. If the ratio of path to basic setpoint therefore exceeds a predetermined value, the required setpoint is lower, and vice versa. Accordingly, the basic setpoint is automatically lowered or raised so that the required corrected setpoint results.
  • the setpoint correction unit can form an electronic computer which automatically carries out all necessary correction calculations depending on the measured path of the cone and the set basic setpoint and corrects the setpoint accordingly.
  • the drive device has a rotary drive acting on the workpiece and the non-rotatably held cone and the shaft of the inner smooth rolling tool are pierced.
  • the measured variable of the deformation sensor can be taken off in a simple manner via a line which is led out through the cone bore, because the cone does not rotate and consequently the line is not twisted.
  • the deformation sensor can have a pressure load cell. This is a special one compact component that can be easily attached to the side of the cone facing away from the smooth rolling rollers.
  • the deformation sensor preferably has a strain gauge. This is particularly sensitive to the smallest changes in deformation or pressure.
  • the device shown in FIG. 1 has a smooth rolling tool 3 for smooth rolling the cylindrical inner surface 4 of a hollow cylindrical workpiece 5.
  • the smooth rolling tool 3 has a cone 6 with a conical surface 7 on the outside.
  • tapered smooth rolling rollers 10 are rotatably and radially displaceable.
  • the smooth rolling rolls 10 lie on the conical surface 7 so that the envelope surface of the smooth rolling rolls 10 is cylindrical.
  • the cage 9 is rotatably supported by means of a radial ball bearing 11 in a carriage 12 which can be displaced on guide rails 13 by means of a drive device shown schematically as a double arrow 14.
  • the workpiece 5 is rotated by a drive device shown schematically as an arrow 15, which can also provide for an axial displacement of the workpiece 5 instead of the drive device 14, as is indicated by the double arrow 16.
  • the displacement of the carriage 12 or the workpiece 5 causes an axial relative displacement of the workpiece 5 and the cage 9 with the roller rolls 10, while the drive device 15 ensures the relative rotation of the workpiece 5 and the tool 3, the cone 6 in a manner not shown is held in a rotationally fixed manner so that the rolling rollers 10 roll on the inner surface 4 of the workpiece 5 and on the conical surface 7 of the cone 6 in order to smoothly roll the inner surface 4 of the workpiece 5.
  • the cone 6 is also provided on its side facing away from the workpiece before the engagement of the tool and workpiece with a shaft 17, which at the same time forms the piston rod of a piston 18 in a cylinder 19.
  • a deformation sensor 24 is arranged in a coaxial bore of the cone 6 in such a way that it bears against the inside 25 of the cone 6.
  • the wall thickness of the cone 6 is dimensioned such that it essentially withstands the rolling pressure, but nevertheless allows the wall to be deformed up to the inside 25, so that during operation the rolling pressure can be measured through the cone wall by means of the deformation sensor 24.
  • the deformation sensor 24 can have a pressure or load cell, preferably with a strain gauge, in which a resistance wire, metal film, semiconductor, piezoelectric, magnetoelastic or inductive resistor is embedded, the resistance value of which is dependent on the strain or pressure. The change in resistance that occurs then represents a measure of the rolling pressure formed and can be measured in a measuring bridge.
  • a device suitable for controlling the rolling pressure as a function of the measured rolling pressure is shown schematically in FIG. 2.
  • An amplifier 28 then connects to line 26.
  • the output signal of the amplifier 28 is fed to one input of an electrical comparator 29.
  • the comparator 29 can be a differential amplifier of high gain with negative feedback (negative feedback), the feedback allowing adjustment of the control behavior of the control device.
  • a rolling pressure setpoint generator 30 supplies a rolling pressure setpoint to the second input of the comparator 29.
  • the comparator output signal is fed to an actuating device which has a power amplifier 31, a controllable magnetic pressure reduction valve 32, the piston-cylinder arrangement 18, 19, an adjustable pressure reduction valve 33 and two pressure fluid pumps 34, 35.
  • the output of the comparator 29 via the power amplifier 31 with the control input of the pressure reducing valve 32, the output of the pump 34 with the input of the pressure reducing valve 32 and the cylinder chamber 22, the output of the pump 35 with the input of the pressure reducing valve 33 and the cylinder chamber 20 and the outputs of the pressure reducing valves 32, 33 are connected to a pressure fluid container 36.
  • the maximum pressures that can be output by the pumps 34, 35 are approximately the same and are dimensioned such that the pump 35 strives to have at least one form as high a pressure as can be set on the pressure reducing valve 33, so that the pressure in the supply line to the cylinder chamber 20 is always limited and kept constant at the value set on the pressure reducing valve 33, this pressure being lower than the maximum pressure of the pumps in the unloaded state .
  • the same reduced pressure is then also effective in the cylinder chamber 20. It therefore determines the desired rolling pressure which is exerted on the inner surface 4 of the workpiece 5 via the piston 18, the cone 6 and the rolling rollers 10.
  • the same rolling pressure is set on the setpoint generator 30 and on the pressure reducing valve 33.
  • the comparator 29 and / or the amplifier 31 are designed such that even the slightest positive or negative output signal of the comparator 29 is sufficient to completely close the pressure reducing valve 32 or to open it completely.
  • the setpoint generator 30 contains a displacement transducer 37 connected to the shaft 17 of the cone 6, which measures the feed path covered by the cone 6 and converts it into an electrical signal.
  • the setpoint generator 30 contains an adjustable basic setpoint generator 38 for a basic setpoint Sg of the rolling pressure, a setpoint correction unit 39 connected to the output of the displacement transducer 37, to the output of the actual value amplifier 28 and to the output of the basic setpoint generator 38, which corrects the setpoint input of the comparator 29 Setpoint S k supplies.
  • the correction unit 39 contains a functional unit 40 and an adjustment unit 41.
  • the functional unit 40 detects the path W measured from the beginning of the rolling process until the set basic setpoint Sg is reached and forms the ratio of the basic path Wg to path W, ie Wg / W.
  • the basic path Wg is the path to be covered by the cone 6 in order to radially readjust the smooth rolling rolls on a workpiece with predetermined pre-processing from the moment of the tool engagement until the desired basic setpoint Sg of the rolling pressure is reached.
  • the start of the rolling process is signaled to the functional unit 40 by the onset of the actual pressure value signal x supplied to it by the amplifier 28.
  • the actual value signal x begins as soon as the cone 6 has brought the smooth rolling rolls (somewhat further than) to the surface of the workpiece to be smoothed.
  • the ratio Wg / W determines the correction value which is fed to the adjustment unit 41 and which, as a function thereof, increases or decreases the basic setpoint Sg, so that a corrected setpoint S k results. Furthermore, the transmission factor of the adjustment unit 41 is adjustable.
  • FIG. 3 represents a possible embodiment of the functional unit 40 and the matching unit 41.
  • the displacement transducer 37 generates a pulse with each increment of the path covered by the cone 6, which is a measure of the deformation or smoothing of the workpiece surface caused during rolling. Its output is connected to the one input of a gate 42 in the form of an AND gate, to the output of which the pulse counting input of a counter 43 is connected.
  • the other input of the gate 42 is connected to the set output of a flip-flop 44 (also called bistable flip-flop), which is also connected to a reset input of the counter 43.
  • the set input of the flip-flop 44 is with the Set output of a further flip-flop 45 connected, the set input of which is at the output of the actual value amplifier 28.
  • the output of the counter 43 is connected to the one input of a further gate 46, the output of which is at the input of a divider 47.
  • the output of amplifier 28 is also connected to one input and the output of basic setpoint generator 38 to the other input of a further comparator 48.
  • the output of the comparator 48 is monitored by a zero detector 49 which, when the output signal of the comparator 48 is zero, supplies a 1 signal to the other input of the gate 46 and via an OR gate 50 to the reset input of the flip-flop 44.
  • the output of the basic setpoint generator 38 is then connected to an input of a multiplier 51 in the matching unit 41 and the output of a basic displacement sensor 47a is connected to the second input of the divider 47.
  • the basic path Wg previously measured on a workpiece with a defined surface preprocessing can be set by means of the basic path sensor 47a.
  • the matching unit 41 also contains a transmission element 52 connected downstream of the multiplier with an adjustable transmission factor. The output of this transmission element 52 is connected to the setpoint input of the comparator 29. This link 52 enables the automatically corrected desired value S k to be changed by hand in order, if desired, to set an even better or worse surface smoothness.
  • a reset input 53 is also connected to the reset input of flip-flop 44 via OR gate 50 and directly to the reset input of flip-flop 45.
  • the reset input 53 is supplied with a 1 signal as a reset signal by actuating a switch (not shown), which resets the two flip-flops 44 and 45.
  • a signal indicating the rolling pressure insert appears at the output of the amplifier 28, which sets the flip-flop 45 so that it in turn sets the flip-flop 44.
  • the 1 signal thus occurring at the set output of the flip-flop 44 resets the counter 43 to zero and simultaneously gates the gate 42.
  • the feed path pulses generated by the displacement transducer 37 from now on due to the further feed of the cone 6 during the rolling are therefore switched through the opened gate 42 to the pulse counting input of the counter 43.
  • the divider 47 forms the ratio of Wg / W and transmits it to the multiplier 51, which multiplies it by the basic setpoint Sg, and the product is fed to the comparator 29 via the transmission element 52 with a transmission factor V r , which is normally chosen to be 1 is. This means that the corrected setpoint applies
  • the input variables Sg and Wg of the multiplier 51 and the divider 47 can also be interchanged.
  • An analog or digital electronic computer can be used to carry out the required arithmetic operations, including the comparison operations, the digital computer being a microprocessor and being connected on the input or output side to corresponding analog / digital converters or digital / analog converters .
  • the flip-flop 45 can also be replaced by a differentiating element which only responds to the rising edge of the actual value signal x.
  • a magnetic changeover valve can be used, which connects the output of the pump 34 or the input of the pressure reducing valve 33, controlled by the output signal of the comparator 29, to the cylinder chamber 20 or the cylinder chamber 22, e.g. B. with a positive output signal of the comparator 29 with the cylinder chamber 22 and with a negative or balanced (zero) output signal with the cylinder chamber 20th
  • actuating device instead of the actuating device 18, 19, 31-35 shown, which converts the output signal of the comparator 29 into a proportional number of negative or positive pulses and feeds this to a stepper motor which adjusts the cone 6 axially causes a lead screw or pinion and rack and in the rest position, when the output signal of the comparator 29 is zero, assumes a position which corresponds to the rolling pressure setpoint specified by the setpoint generator 30.
  • cone 6 can also be conical on the inside, so that the inner surface 25 and the Outer surface 7 are parallel.
  • the cone 6 can also be coupled with a rotary drive.
  • the measurement signal of the sensor 24, in order to avoid twisting the line 26, via sliding contacts or contactless, for. B. via optical, electromagnetic or acoustic waves, are transmitted to the control device.
  • the sensor 24 can also be supplied with power in the same way.
  • the same rolling pressure control principle can be used with an external smooth rolling tool, i. H. can be applied to a tool of the generic type for the smooth rolling of workpiece outer surfaces.
  • a tool of the generic type for the smooth rolling of workpiece outer surfaces With such a tool, the cone engages over the workpiece, i. H. it is hollow from the start, and the roller rolls are stored in a cage between the taper and the workpiece.
  • the deformation sensor is designed and arranged so that it surrounds the cone on the outside.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Constituent Portions Of Griding Lathes, Driving, Sensing And Control (AREA)
  • Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)

Claims (5)

1. Dispositif pour le brunissage par laminage d'une surface (4) cylindrique d'une pièce à usiner à l'aide d'un outillage (3) prévu pour le brunissage par laminage de surfaces intérieures de cylindres ou d'un outillage pour le brunissage par laminage de surfaces extérieures de cylindres où l'outillage (3) servant au brunissage par laminage est constitué par une tige (17) portant un cône (6), lequel, lorsqu'il sert d'outillage pour le brunissage extérieur par laminage, est creux, et par une cage (9) disposée coaxialement par rapport au cône (6) et pouvant se déplacer coaxialement par rapport à celui-ci, avec des rouleaux (10) de laminage coniques pouvant se déplacer radialement dans les fentes (8) de la cage et pouvant rouler sur la surface (7) conique du cône (6) tournée vers la surface cylindrique de l'outillage, avec un dispositif d'entraînement qui provoque une rotation relative et un déplacement axial relatif du cône (6) et de la pièce (5) à usiner et un dispositif de réglage déplaçant automatiquement l'un vers l'autre sur l'axe, le cône (6) et la cage (9) en fonction d'une pression de laminage constante préalablement établie, où le cône (6) de l'outillage servant au lissage intérieur par laminage est également creux et le dimensionnement de l'épaisseur de la paroi du cône permet une déformation de la paroi par la pression de laminage approximativement jusqu'au-delà du côté (25) du cône qui est éloigné de la surface cylindrique de la pièce à usiner, ce côté du cône comportant un palpeur de déformation (24), dont la valeur de sortie est transmise à l'entrée d'un comparateur (29) recevant à l'autre entrée une valeur théorique provenant d'un transmetteur de valeur theorique réglable (30), et la grandeur du déplacement axial relatif du cône (6) et de la cage (9) est donnée par le dispositif de réglage à partir de l'équilibrage entre la valeur de sortie du palpeur de déformation et la valeur théorique, en fonction du signal de sortie du comparateur, caractérisé en ce que le cône (6) est en liaison avec un transducteur de déplacement (37), le transmetteur de valeur théorique (30) comporte une unité de correction de la valeur théorique (39) et un transmetteur de la valeur théorique de base (38) pour une valeur théorique de base de la pression de laminage, la sortie du transducteur de déplacement (37) est reliée à une entrée de l'unité de correction de la valeur théorique (39), la sortie de l'unité de correction de la valeur théorique (39) est reliée à l'entrée du comparateur de la valeur théorique (29), l'unité de correction de la valeur théorique (39) corrige la valeur théorique de base (Sg) en fonction du chemin parcouru (W) par le cône (6) depuis le début du processus de laminage jusqu'à l'obtention de la valeur théorique de base (Sg) et transmet la valeur théorique corrigée (Sk) au comparateur (29).
2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'unité de correction de la valeur théorique (39) est constituée par un calculateur électronique.
3. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que le système d'entraînement (14 à 16) comporte un système d'entraînement rotatif (15) agissant sur la pièce à usiner (5) et le cône (6) maintenu fixe pour empêcher sa rotation et l'arbre (17) de l'outillage pour le lissage intérieur par laminage sont percés (27).
4. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que le palpeur de déformation (24) comporte un pressducteur.
5. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le palpeur de déformation (24) comporte un jauge extensométrique ou de contrainte.
EP81104118A 1980-06-04 1981-05-29 Dispositif de brunissage d'une surface cylindrique de travail au moyen d'un outil de brunissage Expired EP0041248B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3021101 1980-06-04
DE19803021101 DE3021101A1 (de) 1980-06-04 1980-06-04 Vorrichtung zum glattwalzen einer zylindrischen werkstueckflaeche mit einem glattwalzwerkzeug

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0041248A2 EP0041248A2 (fr) 1981-12-09
EP0041248A3 EP0041248A3 (en) 1981-12-16
EP0041248B1 true EP0041248B1 (fr) 1983-11-09

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ID=6103911

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81104118A Expired EP0041248B1 (fr) 1980-06-04 1981-05-29 Dispositif de brunissage d'une surface cylindrique de travail au moyen d'un outil de brunissage

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Country Link
EP (1) EP0041248B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3021101A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE8802635U1 (de) * 1988-02-29 1988-05-11 Wilhelm Hegenscheidt Gmbh, 5140 Erkelenz Walzwerkzeug
JP2884711B2 (ja) * 1990-06-01 1999-04-19 松下電器産業株式会社 軸受内径加工装置
US5247819A (en) * 1990-06-01 1993-09-28 Matsushita Electrical Industrial Co. Ltd. Bore processing device
EP0503109B1 (fr) * 1991-03-13 1995-01-25 Wilhelm Hegenscheidt Gesellschaft mbH Outil à galeter à rouleaux
JP3009849B2 (ja) * 1996-06-11 2000-02-14 住友重機械工業株式会社 内接噛合遊星歯車構造の内ローラ及び外ローラの製造方法
US6415486B1 (en) * 2000-03-01 2002-07-09 Surface Technology Holdings, Ltd. Method and apparatus for providing a residual stress distribution in the surface of a part
US6622570B1 (en) 2000-03-01 2003-09-23 Surface Technology Holdings Ltd. Method for reducing tensile stress zones in the surface of a part
ATE463322T1 (de) 2001-11-02 2010-04-15 Boeing Co Vorrichtung und verfahren zum herstellen einer schweissverbindung mit muster bildenden restdruckspannungen
US7210209B2 (en) * 2003-01-21 2007-05-01 Seagate Technology Llc System and method for ballizing and measuring a workpiece bore hole
AT512783B1 (de) * 2012-05-22 2013-11-15 Bosch Gmbh Robert Verfahren zum Rollieren einer zylindrischen Bauteilfläche

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2935601A1 (de) * 1979-09-04 1981-03-12 Madison Industries Gmbh, 6078 Neu Isenburg Vorrichtung zum glattwalzen einer zylindrischen werkstueckflaeche

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3656333A (en) * 1970-05-21 1972-04-18 Clemens A Kruse Jr Cylindrical surface finishing tool
US3930294A (en) * 1975-01-24 1976-01-06 Cogsdill Tool Products, Inc. Cylindrical surface finishing device

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2935601A1 (de) * 1979-09-04 1981-03-12 Madison Industries Gmbh, 6078 Neu Isenburg Vorrichtung zum glattwalzen einer zylindrischen werkstueckflaeche

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Publication number Publication date
DE3021101A1 (de) 1981-12-10
EP0041248A3 (en) 1981-12-16
EP0041248A2 (fr) 1981-12-09

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