EP0039707B1 - Chaussette tricotee amelioree - Google Patents

Chaussette tricotee amelioree Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0039707B1
EP0039707B1 EP80902163A EP80902163A EP0039707B1 EP 0039707 B1 EP0039707 B1 EP 0039707B1 EP 80902163 A EP80902163 A EP 80902163A EP 80902163 A EP80902163 A EP 80902163A EP 0039707 B1 EP0039707 B1 EP 0039707B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
leg
fabric
sock
calf
pressure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP80902163A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0039707B2 (fr
EP0039707A1 (fr
EP0039707A4 (fr
Inventor
Maxwell Wilkinson
Malcolm Josiah Patten
Jeffrey Howard Lee
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dunlop Olympic Ltd
Original Assignee
Pacific Dunlop Ltd
Dunlop Olympic Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Pacific Dunlop Ltd, Dunlop Olympic Ltd filed Critical Pacific Dunlop Ltd
Publication of EP0039707A1 publication Critical patent/EP0039707A1/fr
Publication of EP0039707A4 publication Critical patent/EP0039707A4/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0039707B1 publication Critical patent/EP0039707B1/fr
Publication of EP0039707B2 publication Critical patent/EP0039707B2/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B1/00—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
    • D04B1/22—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes specially adapted for knitting goods of particular configuration
    • D04B1/24—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes specially adapted for knitting goods of particular configuration wearing apparel
    • D04B1/26—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes specially adapted for knitting goods of particular configuration wearing apparel stockings

Definitions

  • This invention is concerned with knitted hosiery for men, women and children.
  • the invention is directed specifically to hosiery that does not extend above the knee of the wearer, and referred to as socks.
  • the invention relates to socks having a leg length not extending above the mid-calf part of the human leg when in normal position (position of minimum energy) during wear. Included in this category of socks are items known as “short socks”, “ankle socks”, “anklets”, “half hose”, “crew socks”, “below-the-calf socks”, “mid-calf socks”.
  • the invention also relates to socks that extend close the wearer's knee and sometimes referred to as “executive length socks", “knee high socks", or "walk socks”.
  • socks will mean knitted garments for clothing the foot and leg that do not extend above the knee of the wearer when in the normal wearing position and composed of a fabric having less than about 105 stitches per square centimetre (700 stitches per square inch) when measured fully stretched in course and wale directions and at standard conditions for testing textiles.
  • socks as distinct from stockings which reached over the knee, were chiefly of a length reaching to the wearer's knee, or else to the mid-calf part of the wearer's leg, the latter being known as "half-hose".
  • half-hose In order to restrain the leg of the knee length socks from slipping down a wearer's leg whilst walking, circular garters generally made from rubber elastic braid were used. The leg of the half-hose type of sock was restrained from slipping by suspenders, attached to the wearer's leg between the knee and calf muscle, and clipped to the top of the leg of the sock.
  • the purpose of the elastic top was the incorporation within the sock of means of restraining the leg portion from slipping down a wearer's leg during walking, thus eliminating the need to have extraneous means of restraint as described above.
  • the elastic top in a below-the-calf sock is stretched when initially placed on the leg and thus grips the leg of a wearer. After a period of wearing, during which the wearer walks with a normal gait and velocity of leg, it is usual for a sock to progressively slip down the wearer's leg, forming wrinkles in the fabric of the lower part of the leg of the sock. This slippage commonly occurs even when the elastic top exerts pressure on the leg of such magnitude as to cause temporary skin indentation and irritation.
  • the part of the human leg is approximately the shape of an inverted truncated cone.
  • the fabric of the leg portion of the sock usually exerts a pressure on the leg of the wearer and this sock-to-leg pressure will generally vary according to position between the two locations referred to above.
  • the pressures are exerted as a consequence of the varying circumferential extensions giving rise to varying circumferential tensions within the fabric of the leg of a sock.
  • the force exerted by the fabric on to the leg in a circumferential plane is, by virtue of the shape of the leg, not normal to the leg surface. It may, therefore, be resolved into two components, one being normal to the leg surface and the other one downwards along the leg surface, a fact to which reference is made hereinafter.
  • the fabric-to-leg pressure progressively decreases from the location of minimum leg circumference to the mid-calf location at a rate so that the fabric-to-leg pressure at the mid-calf is less than 60% of the value at the minimum leg circumference.
  • the decrease in the fabric-to-leg pressure at the mid-calf is to between 5% to 60% of that at the location of minimum leg circumference, and preferably to between 20% to 40%.
  • the minimum percentage decrease in the fabric-to-leg pressure from the value at the minimum leg circumference to the top marginal portion is 40% multiplied by the ratio of the distance from the minimum leg circumference to the marginal top of the sock to the distance from the minimum leg circumference to the mid-calf.
  • a leg fabric which resists slipping down a wearer's leg can be constructed initially by providing a portion of fabric around the place where the leg has minimum circumference and extending it down to the ankle joint.
  • This portion of fabric has moderate to high circumferential tension whilst on the leg and, therefore, moderate to high fabric-to-leg pressure. Then there is required a decreasing of the circumferential tension and fabric-to-leg pressure at a selected and relatively rapid rate whilst proceeding from the region of minimum leg circumference to the top margin of the sock.
  • the portion of fabric at the minimum leg circumference (band 1) and extending down to the ankle joint is located on an approximately conical shaped section of the wearer's leg and, therefore, the circumferential fabric tension has a force component 'parallel' to the leg surface tending to push the fabric upwards.
  • the position of fabric at the minimum leg circumference possesses an added ability to resist displacement downwards. Frictional resistance is also present.
  • the adaptation of the Hatra Hose Pressure Tester involves replacing the woman's foot portion by appropriately larger ones for mens' socks and appropriately smaller ones for children's socks then extending the suspender clips from the locations existing for hosiery of which the legs extend above a wearer's calf, so as to be able to secure during test various socks with legs which extend to locations below a wearer's calf. Additional modification for testing children's socks involves replacement of the fixed and removable arms by ones with smaller cross section.
  • the "M" position is the one designated for women's surgical, therapeutic and support stockings and pantyhose comparison and contrast can be made between the pressure generated by these hosiery items at various locations on the leg and by the socks of the present invention.
  • Table I The purpose of Table I is to indicate the fabric-to-leg pressures applicable to all socks of the present invention and contrast these with pressure figures indicated in two prior United States Patents, a recognized quality standard, a recommended quality standard and also with pressure figures which are typical of three types of men's socks of conventional type.
  • socks of the present invention differ markedly and, therefore, belong to a different class of garment to conventional socks and to surgical, therapeutic and leg-support hosiery and support socks and are characterized by a much greater decrease of fabric-to-leg pressure from the location of minimum leg circumference to mid-calf.
  • Figures in each column are fabric-to-leg pressures expressed as a percentage of the pressure at the minimum leg circumference of each item.
  • the percentage figure for the minimum decrease of fabric-to-leg pressure from the minimum leg circumference to the top marginal location will be the same proportion of 40% as the distance between the minimum leg circumference and top margin of the sock is to the distance between the minimum leg circumference and the location of the mid-calf circumference.
  • this invention is particularly applicable to socks having a leg length not extending above the mid-calf part of the human leg when in the normal position of wear, nevertheless, it is applicable to socks which extend above the mid-calf, for example knee-length socks.
  • Socks having a leg length extending above the mid-calf are characterized by a decrease in fabric to leg pressure at mid-calf of at least 60% from the figure forfabric-to-leg pressure at the minimum circumference position, with fabric-to-leg pressure in locations from mid-calf to the top margin not being critical. Owing to the resistance to slipping exhibited by the leg fabric below the mid-calf, the circumferential fabric tension and fabric-to-leg pressure in the leg portion between mid-calf and knee will not need to be as great as required in knee length socks of conventional construction, and thus the socks in addition will produce enhanced personal comfort.
  • While the actual fabric-to-leg pressure at the minimum leg circumference may be relatively high even up to 50 mm mercury, preferred ranges are minimum leg circumference about 1067 to 2133 Pa (8 to 16 mm mercury), mid-calf circumference about 267 to 8000 Pa (2 to 6 mm mercury).
  • a sock it is common practice to design a sock to fit a range of one or more foot sizes. Such foot sizes may be designated by shoe size or by foot length according to the system used. Within any range of one or more foot sizes, the contours of the feet and legs of the population of wearers vary and in this particular case, those portions of legs located below the knee.
  • the one design of sock is, nevertheless, expected to fit not only wearers' feet of varying dimensions but also wearers' legs of varying dimensions. Socks with the characteristics of this invention can exhibit resistance to slipping down wearers' legs and minimal or negligible skin indentation or skin irritation for a high percentage of any population of wearers and for selected values of sock characteristics this percentage will exceed 90%.
  • the performance in wear exhibited by the socks of the present invention differs noticeably, therefore, from that of mid-calf and below the calf socks having the prior known elastic tops.
  • these latter types of percentage of population which finds resistance to slipping down the leg during walking together with freedom from skin indentation and skin irritation may be as low as 10%.
  • the production of socks with legs not extending above the mid-calf, without discrete elastic tops, but with an elastic yarn knitted or laid into the whole length of the leg fabric with constant yarn length per course does not greatly increase the percentage of a population of wearers with socks which resist slipping down their legs during walking.
  • the required fabric-to-leg pressure of the sock may be achieved by incorporating elastic threads into the fabric of the sock. These threads may be made either wholly or partly of elastomeric material and/or textured or otherwise processed polymeric filament or fibre imparting elastic quality to the thread.
  • the variation in the pressure may be achieved by varying the quantity of elastic thread or by varying the tension in the thread during the actual incorporation thereof into the fabric.
  • the variation in tension may be obtained by variation in the form or size of stitch used.
  • a suitable knitting machine for production of a sock according to the present invention is one in which there is the capability of altering the length of all or some of the yarns fed (knitted or laid) into the knitted needles at each knitted course or at predetermined intervals during the knitting of the leg of the sock and/or varying the feed pattern for yarns.
  • a particular yarn may be fed into ,the needles at every course, every second course, or not at all (varying the yarn course density).
  • Knitting machines may have cylinders varying in diameter from approximately 2) inches (6 cm) to approximately 6 inches (15.2 cm) and may have a number of needles varying from 36 to 280.
  • Fabric construction may be plain knit (also known as single jersey), rib knit or jacquard knit.
  • Sock construction may include a heel pocket knitted by a reciprocating action, or it may be of a "tube" type without such heel product and with or without yarn knitted or laid into the tube fabric to form a heel patch.
  • Knitting yarns employed in the production of the sock may be any of those commonly used in the present art. Such yarns may be spun from the following fibres: cotton, wool, acrylic, polyamide, polyester, regenerated cellulose or may be continuous filament yarns of the following types: polyamide, polyester, regenerated cellulose, spandex (segmented polyurethane), rubber (natural or synthetic).
  • knitting may be performed from any mixtures of any two or more of any of the above mentioned fibres or continuous filaments in the form of blended mixtures, twisted mixtures or as core-spun yarns or wrapped fibres or filament yarns.
  • This invention particularly concerns the leg portion of the sock, the knitting of the leg and the setting of the leg fabric.
  • the knitting of the heel, foot and toe is performed according to the chosen design of sock, and according to known art. Following completion of knitting the toe opening (if present) is closed by any of the present available means.
  • a sock it is an optional current practice to place a sock, if it contains some fibre which can be plasticized by heat and steam on a flat metal former of a shape a little larger than that of the sock in a flat relaxed state. Socks fitted to former are placed in an autoclave and subjected to steam pressure, or in other vessels and subjected to heat, in order to achieve a moulding and setting of the sock fabric and thus a certain shape to the sock. Depending on whether this is done before or after scouring and dyeing it is known as pre-boarding or post-boarding respectively.
  • the sock shown in Figure 2 is knitted on a 3-feed Komet TJ2 knitting machine also having for-each diameter N176 needles.
  • the sock has in the leg portion between the lines A and G, a fabric construction of 1 x 1 rib type. Characteristics of the fabric in the respective sections of the leg portion of the sock (to fit size range as specified in Example 2), are shown in the following table.
  • the required variation in fabric-to-leg pressure is obtained by varying the number of courses of 235 dtex Spandex relative to the total number of courses in the respective sections of the sock.
  • This sock provides comfortable fit without skin irritation and will resist slipping down the leg of 90% of that population of wearers for which it was designed.
  • Knitting Machine in this example is an Esta, Model JU3 with 4 inch cylinder diameter and having 176 needles.
  • This sock provides comfortable fit without skin irritation and will resist slipping down the leg of over 90% of that population of wearers for which it was designed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Socks And Pantyhose (AREA)

Abstract

Chaussette tricotee d'une longueur ne depassant pas le genou du porteur est confectionnee dans un tissu possedant moins de 105 points environ par centimetre carre, le tissu de la chaussette possedant une propriete elastique qui varie progressivement de la zone de la cheville a la zone marginale superieure de sorte que la pression exercee par le tissu sur la jambe au niveau du mollet est inferieure a 60% de la pression dans la zone ou la circonference minimum de la jambe.

Claims (8)

1. Une chaussette tricotée à jambe ne montant pas au-dessus du genou du porteur dans sa position normale et composée d'un tissu à moins de 105 points par centimètre carré, mesuré sous allongement entier dans les deux sens, côtes et reps, et dans des conditions normales d'épreuves sur produits textiles, caractérisé en ce que la pression du tissu sur la jambe du porteur, mesurée au vérificateur de pression HATRA, décroît progressivement à partir de la portion de la jambe de la chaussette à circonférence minimum jusqu'à la portion marginale supérieure de la chaussette dans une proportion telle que la pression du tissue à mi-mollet est inférieure à 60% de la valeur sur la portion à circonférence minimum de la jambe.
2. Une chaussette tricotée telle que revendiquée en revendication 1 dans laquelle la pression du tissu sur la jambe du porteur dans la portion a mi-mollet est entre 20% et 40% de la valeur à la portion de la jambe à circonférence minimum.
3. Une chaussette tricotée telle que revendiquée en revendication 1 dont la partie de la jambe n'atteint pas le mi-mollet du porteur quand un usage dans laquelle la valeur en pourcentage de pression du tissu décroît sur la jambe du porteur à la portion marginale supérieure et à partir de la valeur de la circonférence minimum de la jambe est de 40% multiplié par le rapport de la distance à partir de la circonférence minimum de la jambe au mi-mollet.
4. Une chaussette tricotée telle' que revendiquée en revendication 3 dans laquelle la valeur en pourcentage décroît en pression du tisse sur la jambe du porteur à la portion marginale supérieure est de 80% à 60% multiplié par le rapport spécifié en revendication 3.
5. Une chaussette tricotée telle que revendiquée en revendications 1 ou 3 où le décroissement de la pression du tissu sur la jambe du porteur est par paliers à partir de la circonférence minimum à mi-mollet ou à la partie supérieure marginale de la chaussette.
6. Une chaussette tricotée telle que revendiquée en revendications 1 ou 3 dans lesquelles la pression du tissu sur la jambe du porteur dans la portion à circonférence minimum de la jambe est de l'ordre de 1067 à 2133 Pa.
7. Une chaussette tricotée telle que revendiquée en revendications 1 ou 3 dans lesquelles la pression du tissu sur la jambe du porteur dans la portion à mi-mollet est de l'ordre de 267 à 800 Pa.
8. Une chaussette tricotée telle que revendiquée en revendications 1 ou 3 dans lesquelles la chaussette monte au-dessus du mi-mollet de la jambe.
EP80902163A 1979-11-12 1980-11-11 Chaussette tricotee amelioree Expired - Lifetime EP0039707B2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU1294/79 1979-11-12
AUPE129479 1979-11-12

Publications (4)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0039707A1 EP0039707A1 (fr) 1981-11-18
EP0039707A4 EP0039707A4 (fr) 1982-03-29
EP0039707B1 true EP0039707B1 (fr) 1986-10-15
EP0039707B2 EP0039707B2 (fr) 1993-09-29

Family

ID=3768330

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP80902163A Expired - Lifetime EP0039707B2 (fr) 1979-11-12 1980-11-11 Chaussette tricotee amelioree

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0039707B2 (fr)
JP (1) JPH0235042B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA1156002A (fr)
DE (1) DE3071800D1 (fr)
IT (1) IT1134234B (fr)
NZ (1) NZ195521A (fr)
WO (1) WO1981001425A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS58169501A (ja) * 1982-03-25 1983-10-06 鷲尾　邦夫 下衣ニツト製品の製造方法
JPH0619521Y2 (ja) * 1989-01-27 1994-05-25 株式会社モンド 靴 下

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2441443A (en) * 1942-07-29 1948-05-11 Surgical Products Inc Elastic garment
AU247125B2 (en) * 1960-07-25 1963-09-19 The Kendal Company Improvements inelastic garments
US3098369A (en) * 1961-12-01 1963-07-23 Burlington Industries Inc Compressive stocking
AU407883B2 (en) * 1964-09-07 1970-11-10 Kayser Roth Corporation Seamless support stocking
US3250092A (en) * 1965-01-25 1966-05-10 Kayser Roth Corp Method of knitting ladies seamless support stocking
US3392553A (en) * 1965-03-30 1968-07-16 Burlington Industries Inc Stay-up stocking
GB1146726A (en) * 1965-09-13 1969-03-26 Monsanto Co Knitted stocking and process and apparatus for making the same
US3386270A (en) * 1966-04-18 1968-06-04 Alamance Ind Inc Man's support sock and method of forming same
AU409306B1 (en) * 1966-04-27 1970-12-18 Kayser-Roth Corporation Method of knitting ladies seamless support stockings
CH489649A (de) † 1967-07-17 1970-04-30 Falke Rohen Fa Franz Strumpf, insbesondere Herrenstrumpf, sowie Verfahren und Strickmaschine zu dessen Herstellung
US3889494A (en) * 1970-11-23 1975-06-17 Kendall & Co Stocking with compensated knee pressure
AU525836B2 (en) * 1977-05-10 1982-12-02 Pacific Dunlop Ltd. Sock

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA1156002A (fr) 1983-11-01
EP0039707B2 (fr) 1993-09-29
EP0039707A1 (fr) 1981-11-18
NZ195521A (en) 1983-07-15
DE3071800D1 (en) 1986-11-20
JPS56501684A (fr) 1981-11-19
EP0039707A4 (fr) 1982-03-29
IT1134234B (it) 1986-08-13
IT8025922A0 (it) 1980-11-12
JPH0235042B2 (fr) 1990-08-08
WO1981001425A1 (fr) 1981-05-28

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