EP0039702A1 - Vorrichtung zum elektronischen abtasten in der polarisationsebene. - Google Patents

Vorrichtung zum elektronischen abtasten in der polarisationsebene.

Info

Publication number
EP0039702A1
EP0039702A1 EP80902117A EP80902117A EP0039702A1 EP 0039702 A1 EP0039702 A1 EP 0039702A1 EP 80902117 A EP80902117 A EP 80902117A EP 80902117 A EP80902117 A EP 80902117A EP 0039702 A1 EP0039702 A1 EP 0039702A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
panels
electric field
diodes
wires
electromagnetic wave
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP80902117A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0039702B1 (de
Inventor
Claude David Chekroun
Yves Claude Michel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
D'ETUDES DU RADANT Ste
RADANT ETUDES
Original Assignee
D'ETUDES DU RADANT Ste
RADANT ETUDES
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by D'ETUDES DU RADANT Ste, RADANT ETUDES filed Critical D'ETUDES DU RADANT Ste
Priority to AT80902117T priority Critical patent/ATE6108T1/de
Publication of EP0039702A1 publication Critical patent/EP0039702A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0039702B1 publication Critical patent/EP0039702B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
    • H01Q3/36—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with variable phase-shifters
    • H01Q3/38—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with variable phase-shifters the phase-shifters being digital
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/44—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the electric or magnetic characteristics of reflecting, refracting, or diffracting devices associated with the radiating element
    • H01Q3/46—Active lenses or reflecting arrays

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electronic scanning device for focusing and / or deflecting in a plane, a beam emitted by a microwave source. It is known, as described in French Patent 2,063,967, to change the phase shift of a beam emitted by a radiating microwave source by interposing on the wave path a dielectric panel in which are embedded arrays of conductive wires that the 'we give back. at will continuous or interrupted by means of switches and in particular of drodes placed on these wires, the networks being located in planes parallel to the electric field of the incident wave at each point of the panel, It is also known to add several panels one behind the other on the path of the microwave incidence wave.
  • the electronic scanning device according to the invention allows scanning in a plane parallel to the electric field of the incident wave. It consists of a new application of the dielectric panels described in French patent 2,063,967, To constitute the electronic scanning device conforming to the object of the invention, as shown in FIG. 1, several dielectric panels (1 a, 1 b, 1 c, etc.) are associated in which planar networks of conductive wires (2) which can be made continuous or discontinuous at will by means of diodes (3) placed on these wires, fac .
  • the wires of all the networks are parallel to the electric field vector (4) of the incident wave, emitted by a radiating-microwave source (6), that in each of the panels all the diodes are controlled simultaneously 'and identically by a sufficient voltage to make them at will conductive or not, applied to the terminals of the control wires (5) perpendicular to the electric field, therefore without effect on it, that all the panels [1 a, 1 b, 1 c ...) are superimposed in the same plane to constitute a set through which the incident wave propagates.
  • the incident wave can be broken down into as many bands parallel ⁇ it has superimposed panels,
  • the phase shift introduced is uniform on each strip, it can vary from one strip to another.
  • This phase shift according to the bands and this by acting on the control voltage of the diodes in each panel; one can either focus or deflect the incident wave in the plane parallel to the wires carrying diodes.
  • the choice of the size of the panels in the direction of the direction of the diode carrying wires results from the condition of suppression of the lobes of networks of the antenna diagram constituted by the association of the above panels illuminated by an incident plane wave.
  • phase shifting elements in order to spot the beam of a microwave electromagnetic wave in a direction ⁇ it is known that to avoid the appearance of lobes of networks, it is advisable to respect a certain relationship between the pitch of the elements phase shifters, wavelength, sine of the angle l'angle of depointing and of number N of juxtaposed elements, which is written:
  • the lateral dimension in the direction perpendicular to the diode-carrying wires depends on the width of the main lobe desired and is sufficient to intercept the diameter of the microwave beam emitted by the source placed in front of the panel.
  • the pitch of the diodes, the pitch of the wires and the thickness of the dielectric material are chosen as a function of the desired phase shift, of the characteristics (in particular capacitance) of the diodes, of the dielectric constant of the material and of the wavelength of the incident electromagnetic energy.
  • the optimal value of the step of the phase-shifting elements sought in all the antennas a. electronic scanning is close to the half-wavelength of the radiated microwave energy. It is known that for a pitch of phase-shifting elements less than or equal to the half-wavelength of the radiated microwave energy, there does not appear any grating lobe in the radiation diagram of the antenna thus formed, whatever or the desired scanning angle. Unlike electronic scanning antennas using phase shifters guide, the process following the invention easily allows this condition to be met. say that one can choose the height h of a panel measured 'in the direction of the wires carrying diodes less than or equal to half --- wavelength of the microwave energy radiated by the microwave source (see figure 1),
  • the length of the wires carrying diodes incorporated in the dielectric material is equal to the height h of the panel therefore less than or equal to the half-wavelength of the radiated microwave energy, if it is desired that it does not appear no network lobes in the radiation pattern.
  • the number of diodes carried by each diode carrying wire of a panel will be small, it may vary, depending on the capacity of the selected diodes and the desired phase shift, from 1 to 10 diodes.
  • the difference in potential to be applied to the wire carrying diodes connected in the same direction on this wire, so that each diode is blocked and makes the wire electrically cut into sections, is equal to the product, by the number of diodes, of the voltage which 'You must apply the opposite to a single diode, i.e. around 20 volts, so that it is blocked. If, for example, four diodes are placed on the wire, the potential difference aiix terminals of the diode-carrying wire necessary to make it cut into sections will be 80 volts. A voltage of 5 volts applied according to the polarity opposite to the wire terminals will make this wire continuous.
  • the inyerse voltage of the order of 80 volts is low enough not to require any special insulation in the panel or at. the outside of the panel; the single power supply device and the switch, responsible for supplying these voltages, applying them and then cutting them in very short times (10 microseconds) to a panel will therefore be extremely easy to achieve given the low voltage required with regard to voltages required in other scanning devices.
  • the control voltage of the diodes of a panel is advantageously applied by means of two control wires connecting one, all the upper ends of the wires carrying diodes mounted in the same direction, the other all the ends.
  • control wires one connecting all the midpoints of the wires diode torers mounted in this case in two equal groups of opposite directions, the other two connecting at an outside point to the panel the upper and lower ends of all the diode carrying wires of the panel; these control wires, perpendicular to the wires carrying diodes and therefore to the electric field vector of the radiated microwave wave have no effect thereon.
  • the configuration, comprising three control wires, greatly simplifies the choice of diodes.
  • This active lens consists of 124 panels forming four layers of 31 panels superimposed, placed one behind the other on the path of the incident microwave wave emitted by the source at the frequency of 3100 Megahertz.
  • Each of the 93 panels (7), all identical to each other, of the first three layers of superposed panels, can give, by the modification of the state of its diodes, a differential phase shift of 90 degrees to the incident microwave wave.
  • Each of the 31 panels (8) all identical to each other of the fourth layer of panels can give a differential phase shift of 45 degrees.
  • Each of the 31 groups formed by 3 panels (7) and 1 panel (8) joined one behind the other and intercepting the same band of the incident microwave wave (E) can give it a differential phase shift varying from 0 to 360 degrees in 45 degree steps.
  • the sheets (11) and (13) have a thickness of 0.5 millimeter and a dielectric constant of 5, the sheet (12) a thickness of 3.5 millimeters and a dielectric constant of 4.1. These three sheets are placed one behind the other on the path of the incident microwave with intervals equal to 7 millimeters.
  • 32 metal wires (14) with a diameter of 0.5 millimeter and a length equal to 30 mm are arranged on the external face of the sheets (11) and (13).
  • the panel height of 45.3 millimeters; these wires (14) are parallel to the electric field vector of the incident microwave wave and each carry four PIN type switching diodes (15) welded in steps of 11.33 millimeters.
  • each wire (14) is welded to each wire (14) so that in the direction of the direct current they are oriented towards the point located in the middle of the wire (14); on each wire (14) there are therefore two diodes in series in one direction and two diodes in series in the other direction.
  • the upper ends of the wires (14) are connected to a metal wire (16) located at the top of each of the sheets (11) and (13), perpendicular to the wires (14) and are thus connected to the terminal A of a voltage and / or current supply located outside the panel and specific to this panel.
  • the lower ends of the wires (14) are connected by metallic wires to the same terminal A of this voltage and / or current supply.
  • All the points located in the middle of the wires (14) of the sheets (11) and (13) are connected and connected together, by a metal wire (18) of 0.5 millimeter in diameter, perpendicular to the wires (14), to the 'other terminal 3 of the same voltage and / or current supply.
  • the differential phase shift caused by this panel, on the incident microwave, between the two polarity states of terminals A and B of the power supply device controlling the 256 diodes of the panel simultaneously and identically, is 20 degrees.
  • FIG. 5 shows one of the 31 panels of the fourth layer of the active lens; this panel, 1 meter long and 45.3 millimeters high, comprises four sheets of dielectric material (21) (22) (23) (24).
  • the sheets (21) and (24) have a thickness of 3 millimeters and a dielectric constant of 5, the sheets (22) and (23) have a thickness of 0.5 millimeters and a dielectric constant of 4.1.
  • These four sheets of dielectric material are placed one behind the other on the path of the incident microwave with the following intervals 5 millimeters between the sheets (21) and (22), 11 millimeters between (22) and (23) and 5 millimeters between (23) and.
  • the upper and lower ends of all the conductive wires (25) carrying diodes of the panel are connected by two perpendicular conductive wires (27) to terminal C of a voltage supply external to the panel and specific to this panel. All the points located in the middle of all the wires (25) are connected by two perpendicular conductive wires (28) 0.5 mm in diameter to the other terminal D of the same voltage supply. On the same faces of the sheets (22) and (23), in the middle of the intervals between the wires (25) are placed sections of metal wires (29) of 0.5 millimeter in diameter and 20.5 millimeters in length. . Differential phase shift. caused by the panel, following the polarity reversal at terminals C and D, on the incident wave is 45 degrees.
  • 124 panels in a rigid block forming an active lens is made by means of 32 metal plates (10) of 1000 millimeters in length by 110.5 millimeters in width and 2.6 millimeters in thickness,
  • FIG. 6 shows the values of the phase shift caused by the introduction of a group of adjoining panels formed by 3 panels (7) and 1 panel (8) on the path of an incident microwave wave of 3100 megahertz, according to all the possible combinations of the states of the diodes of each of the panels.
  • this phase shift takes the 8 multiple values of 45 degrees between 0 or 360 degrees and 315 degrees.

Landscapes

  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
EP80902117A 1979-11-13 1980-11-07 Vorrichtung zum elektronischen abtasten in der polarisationsebene Expired EP0039702B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT80902117T ATE6108T1 (de) 1979-11-13 1980-11-07 Vorrichtung zum elektronischen abtasten in der polarisationsebene.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7927873 1979-11-13
FR7927873A FR2469808A1 (fr) 1979-11-13 1979-11-13 Dispositif de balayage electronique dans le plan de polarisation

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0039702A1 true EP0039702A1 (de) 1981-11-18
EP0039702B1 EP0039702B1 (de) 1984-02-01

Family

ID=9231575

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP80902117A Expired EP0039702B1 (de) 1979-11-13 1980-11-07 Vorrichtung zum elektronischen abtasten in der polarisationsebene

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4447815A (de)
EP (1) EP0039702B1 (de)
DE (1) DE3066427D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2469808A1 (de)
WO (1) WO1981001486A1 (de)

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US4735379A (en) * 1985-11-18 1988-04-05 Aerospatiale Societe Nationale Industrielle System for automatically guiding a missile and missile provided with such a system

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FR2509095B1 (fr) * 1981-07-02 1985-10-04 Radant Etudes Procede electronique et dispositif permettant de dephaser des ondes hyperfrequence se propageant dans un guide
FR2514203B1 (fr) * 1981-10-05 1986-04-25 Radant Etudes Filtre adaptatif spatial hyperfrequence pour antenne a polarisation quelconque et son procede de mise en oeuvre
FR2723210B1 (fr) * 1983-05-06 1997-01-10 Cmh Sarl Procede et dispositif antidetection pour radar
FR2549300B1 (fr) * 1983-07-13 1988-03-25 Tran Dinh Can Dispositif de balayage electromecanique notamment pour antenne radar
FR2714768B1 (fr) * 1984-07-12 1996-07-05 Radant Etudes Dispositif de balayage électronique à lentille active et source illuminatrice intégrée.
FR2738398B1 (fr) * 1988-04-08 1997-11-28 Thomson Csf Radant Panneau dephaseur a diodes et son application a une lentille hyperfrequence et une antenne a balayage electronique
FR2879358A1 (fr) 1988-06-29 2006-06-16 Thales Sa Illuminateur pour antenne a balayage electronique
US4975712A (en) * 1989-01-23 1990-12-04 Trw Inc. Two-dimensional scanning antenna
FR2655482B1 (fr) * 1989-12-05 1992-02-28 Thomson Csf Radant Dispositif d'absorption d'ondes electromagnetiques, spatialement selectif, pour antenne hyperfrequence.
FR2656468B1 (fr) * 1989-12-26 1993-12-24 Thomson Csf Radant Source de rayonnement microonde magique et son application a une antenne a balayage electronique.
FR2747842B1 (fr) * 1990-06-15 1998-09-11 Thomson Csf Radant Lentille hyperfrequence multibande et son application a une antenne a balayage electronique
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SE513226C2 (sv) 1998-12-03 2000-08-07 Ericsson Telefon Ab L M Kontinuerligt apertursvepande antenn
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US6703982B2 (en) * 2001-08-22 2004-03-09 Raytheon Company Conformal two dimensional electronic scan antenna with butler matrix and lens ESA
US6999040B2 (en) * 2003-06-18 2006-02-14 Raytheon Company Transverse device array phase shifter circuit techniques and antennas
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EP2618128A1 (de) * 2012-01-19 2013-07-24 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Erkennungsvorrichtung, Detektor und Bilderzeugungsvorrichtung damit
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US4735379A (en) * 1985-11-18 1988-04-05 Aerospatiale Societe Nationale Industrielle System for automatically guiding a missile and missile provided with such a system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2469808B1 (de) 1983-09-23
WO1981001486A1 (fr) 1981-05-28
DE3066427D1 (en) 1984-03-08
EP0039702B1 (de) 1984-02-01
US4447815A (en) 1984-05-08
FR2469808A1 (fr) 1981-05-22

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