EP0039647B1 - Device for making tobacco filaments - Google Patents
Device for making tobacco filaments Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0039647B1 EP0039647B1 EP81400711A EP81400711A EP0039647B1 EP 0039647 B1 EP0039647 B1 EP 0039647B1 EP 81400711 A EP81400711 A EP 81400711A EP 81400711 A EP81400711 A EP 81400711A EP 0039647 B1 EP0039647 B1 EP 0039647B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- filaments
- gridwork
- extrusion
- diameter
- tobacco
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
- B30B11/22—Extrusion presses; Dies therefor
- B30B11/221—Extrusion presses; Dies therefor extrusion dies
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B3/00—Preparing tobacco in the factory
- A24B3/14—Forming reconstituted tobacco products, e.g. wrapper materials, sheets, imitation leaves, rods, cakes; Forms of such products
Definitions
- the subject of the invention is a device for tobacco filaments by extrusion of a wet mixture based on tobacco particles.
- the die must be able to withstand the extrusion pressure and it is difficult to make the orifices of small section in a sufficiently resistant material. In addition, these orifices can be easily plugged, which results in the replacement of the die and consequently the stoppage of production.
- the subject of the invention is a new simple and economical arrangement for the easier production of tobacco filaments by extrusion.
- the extrusion die is constituted by a grid formed of intertwined stretched wires and placed at the outlet of a cylindrical conduit of sufficient diameter so that the extrusion pressure does not produce drying of the mixture, and the length of which is between 0.5 and 3 times the diameter, the material forming a rod in the cylindrical duct which is then divided into filaments by the mesh.
- the extruder has a substantially horizontal axis and the filaments break by gravity as soon as a certain length has been formed beyond the mesh, said length being a function of the composition of the extruded mixture .
- the spinning axis is substantially vertical, the die being associated with a filament cutting device, in this case, at least one of the two elements of the spinning assembly constituted by the duct and the screen is animated by a transverse oscillation movement causing the formation of wavy filaments.
- the extrusion die is constituted by a simple cylindrical conduit of relatively large diameter, for example of the order of 10 mm.
- the raw materials introduced upstream of the extruder in particular the tobacco particles and the binders and the amount of water required, for example 15 to 25% of the weight of dry matter, are kneaded inside the barrel so to form a mixture which is extruded under pressure to form a rod or tube 5 inside the cylindrical duct 3.
- a grid 6 transverse to the axis of the duct and which cuts the strand 5 into a plurality of filaments 7.
- the grid 6 consists, as shown in the figures, of intertwined stretched wires with rounded section constituting separators 60 capable of cutting the tube 5 into a plurality of filaments whose unitary section corresponds to the inner mesh resulting from the intersection of wires 60.
- This method guarantees the homogeneity of the extruded mixture and therefore the qualities of the filaments produced.
- the pressure in the die depending essentially on the diameter thereof, the use of a large diameter conduit for example between 10 and 20 mm allows to extrude a large flow without excessively raising the pressure.
- the wires of the mesh causing the division of the rod into filaments will preferably have a rounded section which makes it possible to limit the pressure drop and the pressure in the dies formed by the mesh 61 of the mesh.
- the mesh of the mesh will have a truncated section and will give a certain proportion of finer filaments. This proportion advantageously facilitates the shaping of cigarettes.
- the dimensions of the orifices can vary, for the long side between 0.7 and 2 mm and for the short side between 0.30 and 0.50 mm .
- conduit 3 having a diameter of 10 mm, a metal fabric made up of 0.42 mm wires will allow to obtain filaments with a cross section of 0.35 ⁇ 0.75 mm.
- the use as a die of a metal mesh makes it possible to easily renew the part located in front of the outlet orifice.
- the mesh can be constituted by a strip of metallic fabric 60 unwinding from a reserve coil 63 and applied against the end 10 of the sheath 1 by a simple fastener 11 which is sufficient to loosen in order to be able to pass a new part of the fabric in front of the orifice. This operation can thus be done without significant disassembly of the head of the extruder and therefore without stopping production, because the movement of the mesh can be performed during spinning.
- the tobacco filaments freely come out of the mesh in a substantially horizontal direction.
- the proportions of cohesion agents introduced into the mixture and the extrusion pressure it is possible to obtain filaments having sufficient strength to form tobacco strands which describe a slightly pronounced downward curve and break under their dead weight after a certain length.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Tobacco Products (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Cigar And Cigarette Tobacco (AREA)
- Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
L'invention a pour objet un dispositif de filaments de tabac par extrusion d'un mélange humide à base de particules de tabac.The subject of the invention is a device for tobacco filaments by extrusion of a wet mixture based on tobacco particles.
On connaît divers procédés de reconstitution de tabac à partir de particules pouvant provenir soit des parties nobles des feuilles du plant de tabac, soit de déchets récupérés. Ces particules sont préalablement traitées selon des techniques connues, puis sont finement broyées, mélangées avec des agents de cohésion connus, par exemple dextrine, amidon, pectine etc... et enfin humidifiées à une teneur globale en eau pouvant être comprise entre 15 et 25 %.Various methods of reconstituting tobacco are known from particles which can come either from the noble parts of the leaves of the tobacco plant, or from recovered waste. These particles are previously treated according to known techniques, then are finely ground, mixed with known cohesion agents, for example dextrin, starch, pectin, etc., and finally moistened to an overall water content which may be between 15 and 25 %.
Dans certains procédés, on a proposé de réaliser le mélange dans une extrudeuse à vis qui permet de former une feuille ou un ruban au moyen d'une filière plate. Cette feuille est ensuite découpée en lanières qui peuvent être ondulées par la suite pour obtenir ce que l'on appelle du chevelu de tabac.In certain methods, it has been proposed to make the mixture in a screw extruder which makes it possible to form a sheet or a ribbon by means of a flat die. This sheet is then cut into strips which can be corrugated later to obtain what is called tobacco hair.
On a également envisagé d'extruder directement un ensemble de filaments obtenu à partir d'une filière munie d'une pluralité d'orifices ou de fentes de faible section (DE-A-2 633 627).It has also been envisaged to directly extrude a set of filaments obtained from a die provided with a plurality of orifices or slits of small section (DE-A-2,633,627).
La filière doit être capable de résister à la pression d'extrusion et il est difficile de réaliser les orifices de faible section dans une matière suffisamment résistante. En outre, ces orifices peuvent se boucher facilement ce qui entraîne le remplacement de la filière et par conséquent l'arrêt de la production.The die must be able to withstand the extrusion pressure and it is difficult to make the orifices of small section in a sufficiently resistant material. In addition, these orifices can be easily plugged, which results in the replacement of the die and consequently the stoppage of production.
Pour réaliser des orifices de faible section, on a déjà proposé, dans un domaine d'application différent, d'utiliser un grillage formé de fils entrecroisés (DE-C-478 954). Cependant, un tel grillage peut être facilement déformé si la pression d'extrusion est importante. En outre, pour la fabrication de filaments de tabac, il faut éviter un assèchement excessif du mélange qui peut être provoqué par le passage dans les nombreux orifices servant de filières.To produce orifices of small cross-section, it has already been proposed, in a different field of application, to use a mesh formed of interlaced wires (DE-C-478 954). However, such a mesh can be easily deformed if the extrusion pressure is high. In addition, for the manufacture of tobacco filaments, it is necessary to avoid excessive drying of the mixture which can be caused by the passage through the numerous orifices serving as dies.
L'invention a pour objet une nouvelle disposition simple et économique pour la réalisation plus facile de filaments de tabac par extrusion.The subject of the invention is a new simple and economical arrangement for the easier production of tobacco filaments by extrusion.
Conformément à l'invention, la filière d'extrusion est constituée par un grillage formé de fils tendus entrecroisés et placé à la sortie d'un conduit cylindrique de diamètre suffisant pour que la pression d'extrusion ne produise pas un assèchement du mélange, et dont la longueur est comprise entre 0,5 et 3 fois le diamètre, la matière formant dans le conduit cylindrique un boudin qui est ensuite divisé en filaments par le grillage.In accordance with the invention, the extrusion die is constituted by a grid formed of intertwined stretched wires and placed at the outlet of a cylindrical conduit of sufficient diameter so that the extrusion pressure does not produce drying of the mixture, and the length of which is between 0.5 and 3 times the diameter, the material forming a rod in the cylindrical duct which is then divided into filaments by the mesh.
Dans un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention l'extrudeuse a un axe sensiblement horizontal et les filaments se cassent par gravité dès qu'une certaine longueur a été formée au-delà du grillage, ladite longueur étant fonction de la composition du mélange extrudé.In a first embodiment of the invention the extruder has a substantially horizontal axis and the filaments break by gravity as soon as a certain length has been formed beyond the mesh, said length being a function of the composition of the extruded mixture .
Dans un second mode de réalisation de l'invention l'axe de filage est sensiblement vertical, la filière étant associée à un dispositif de coupe de filaments, dans ce cas, l'un au moins des deux éléments de l'ensemble de filage constitué par le conduit et le grillage est animé d'un mouvement d'oscillation transversale provoquant la formation de filaments ondulés.In a second embodiment of the invention the spinning axis is substantially vertical, the die being associated with a filament cutting device, in this case, at least one of the two elements of the spinning assembly constituted by the duct and the screen is animated by a transverse oscillation movement causing the formation of wavy filaments.
L'invention va maintenant être décrite en se référant à un mode de réalisation particulier, donné à titre d'exemple et représenté sur les dessins annexés.
- La figure 1 est une vue en coupe longitudinale d'une filière d'extrusion selon l'invention.
- La figure 2 est une vue de face de la filière.
- La figure 3 est une vue en coupe longitudinale à échelle agrandie du grillage formant filière.
- La figure 4 est une vue de face d'une variante de montage du grillage.
- La figure 5 est une vue schématique d'un autre mode de réalisation.
- Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of an extrusion die according to the invention.
- Figure 2 is a front view of the die.
- Figure 3 is a longitudinal sectional view on an enlarged scale of the grid forming die.
- Figure 4 is a front view of an alternative mounting of the mesh.
- Figure 5 is a schematic view of another embodiment.
Sur la figure 1, on a représenté l'extrémité d'une extrudeuse comportant un fourreau 1 à l'intérieur duquel est placé au moins une vis d'extrusion 2. Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, la filière d'extrusion est constituée par un simple conduit cylindrique de diamètre relativement important, par exemple de l'ordre de 10 mm.In Figure 1, there is shown the end of an extruder comprising a
Ainsi, les matières premières introduites en amont de l'extrudeuse, notamment les particules de tabac et les liants et la quantité d'eau nécessaire par exemple 15 à 25 % du poids de matière sèche, sont malaxées à l'intérieur du fourreau de façon à former un mélange qui est extrudé sous pression pour former un jonc ou boudin 5 à l'intérieur du conduit cylindrique 3. D'autre part, à la sortie' du conduit 3 est placé un grillage 6 transversal à l'axe du conduit et qui sectionne le boudin 5 en une pluralité de filaments 7.Thus, the raw materials introduced upstream of the extruder, in particular the tobacco particles and the binders and the amount of water required, for example 15 to 25% of the weight of dry matter, are kneaded inside the barrel so to form a mixture which is extruded under pressure to form a rod or tube 5 inside the cylindrical duct 3. On the other hand, at the outlet 'from the duct 3 is placed a
Le grillage 6 est constitué comme on l'a représenté sur les figures, de fils tendus entrecroisés à section arrondie constituant des séparateurs 60 susceptibles de sectionner le boudin 5 en une pluralité de filaments dont la section unitaire correspond à la maille intérieure résultant de l'intersection des fils 60.The
Selon la caractéristique essentielle de l'invention, les filaments sont donc formés en deux temps :
- On forme tout d'abord un jonc 5 dans le conduit 3 de diamètre relativement important et ensuite ce jonc est sectionné en un grand nombre de filaments par passage à travers les mailles du
grillage 6.
- First of all a rod 5 is formed in the conduit 3 of relatively large diameter and then this rod is cut into a large number of filaments by passing through the meshes of the
mesh 6.
Cette méthode permet de garantir l'homogénéité du mélange extrudé et par conséquent les qualités des filaments produits.This method guarantees the homogeneity of the extruded mixture and therefore the qualities of the filaments produced.
En effet, si l'on effectuait directement le filage des filaments à travers une filière comportant un grand nombre d'orifices de petit diamètre, la perte de charge qui en résulterait conduirait à une pression d'extrusion très élevée qui risquerait de produire une expulsion de la phase liquide contenue dans le mélange, celle-ci ayant tendance à remonter vers l'amont et la pression dans la filière doit donc être limitée pour éviter cet assèchement qui risquerait de nuire à la qualité des fibres.Indeed, if the filaments were spun directly through a die comprising a large number of small diameter orifices, the pressure drop which would result therefrom would lead to a very high extrusion pressure which would risk producing an expulsion. of the liquid phase contained in the mixture, this having ten upward movement and the pressure in the sector must therefore be limited to avoid this drying out, which could harm the quality of the fibers.
Cependant, il faut également conserver une pression d'extrusion suffisante pour assurer un bon malaxage des produits et en outre le taux d'humidité ne doit pas être trop élevé si l'on veut que les filaments se forment correctement.However, it is also necessary to keep an extrusion pressure sufficient to ensure good mixing of the products and in addition the humidity must not be too high if the filaments are to be formed correctly.
L'extrusion des filaments en deux étapes selon l'invention, permet de conjuguer ces différents impératifs.The extrusion of the filaments in two stages according to the invention makes it possible to combine these different imperatives.
En effet, la pression dans la filière dépendant essentiellement du diamètre de celle-ci, l'utilisation d'un conduit de grand diamètre par exemple compris entre 10 et 20 mm permet d'extruder un débit important sans élever exagérément la pression.Indeed, the pressure in the die depending essentially on the diameter thereof, the use of a large diameter conduit for example between 10 and 20 mm allows to extrude a large flow without excessively raising the pressure.
Celle-ci est diminuée en aval par la perte de charge le long du conduit dont la longueur est comprise entre 0,5 et 3 fois de diamètre.This is reduced downstream by the pressure drop along the pipe, the length of which is between 0.5 and 3 times in diameter.
Ainsi la pression globale du jonc sur le grillage est réduite et ne risque pas de le déformer.Thus the overall pressure of the rod on the mesh is reduced and does not risk deforming it.
Par ailleurs, les fils du grillage provoquant la division du jonc en filaments auront de préférence une section arrondie qui permet de limiter la perte de charge et la pression dans les filières constituées par les mailles 61 du grillage.Furthermore, the wires of the mesh causing the division of the rod into filaments will preferably have a rounded section which makes it possible to limit the pressure drop and the pressure in the dies formed by the
Il faut également noter que l'utilisation d'un grillage à fils arrondis permet de réaliser de façon très économique une pluralité de filières à section rectangulaire et ayant des bords arrondis, ce qui est nécessaire pour réaliser les filaments ayant la section voulue.It should also be noted that the use of a mesh with rounded threads makes it possible to produce very economically a plurality of dies with rectangular section and having rounded edges, which is necessary to produce the filaments having the desired section.
D'ailleurs, un autre avantage résulte de l'association d'un grillage à mailles carrées avec un conduit de section circulaire.Moreover, another advantage results from the association of a mesh with square meshes with a duct of circular section.
En effet, comme on l'a représenté sur la figure 2, si l'on utilise un grillage à mailles carrées ou rectangulaires, la plupart des filaments 7 auront également une section carrée ou rectangulaire.Indeed, as shown in FIG. 2, if a grid with square or rectangular meshes is used, most of the
Cependant, sur la périphérie, les mailles du grillage auront une section tronquée et donneront une certaine proportion de filaments plus fins. Cette proportion facilite avantageusement la mise en forme des cigarettes.However, on the periphery, the mesh of the mesh will have a truncated section and will give a certain proportion of finer filaments. This proportion advantageously facilitates the shaping of cigarettes.
Pour que la pression de filage de la matière reste dans les limites souhaitées on peut faire varier soit le diamètre du jonc soit le diamètre des fils de chaîne et de trame en fonction de l'épaisseur et de la largeur des filaments que l'on désire obtenir, pour un débit donné.So that the spinning pressure of the material remains within the desired limits, it is possible to vary either the diameter of the rod or the diameter of the warp and weft threads depending on the thickness and width of the filaments that are desired. get, for a given flow.
On a constaté que des grillages disponibles en dimensions standardisées permettaient d'obtenir des filaments ayant les dimensions habituellement utilisées dans la fabrication du tabac.It has been found that screens available in standardized dimensions make it possible to obtain filaments having the dimensions usually used in the manufacture of tobacco.
Ainsi, pour un fil de diamètre compris entre 0,30 et 0,50 mm, les dimensions des orifices peuvent varier, pour le grand côté entre 0,7 et 2 mm et pour le petit côté entre 0,30 et 0,50 mm.Thus, for a wire with a diameter between 0.30 and 0.50 mm, the dimensions of the orifices can vary, for the long side between 0.7 and 2 mm and for the short side between 0.30 and 0.50 mm .
A titre d'exemple, pour un débit de 60 kg/h de mélange extrudable ayant une teneur en eau comprise entre 10 et 35 % le conduit 3 ayant un diamètre de 10 mm, une toile métallique constituée de fils de 0,42 mm permettra d'obtenir de filaments de section de 0,35x0,75 mm.By way of example, for a flow rate of 60 kg / h of extrudable mixture having a water content of between 10 and 35%, the conduit 3 having a diameter of 10 mm, a metal fabric made up of 0.42 mm wires will allow to obtain filaments with a cross section of 0.35 × 0.75 mm.
D'autre part, l'utilisation comme filière d'un grillage métallique permet de renouveler facilement la partie se trouvant devant l'orifice de sortie. En effet, comme on l'a représenté sur la figure 4, le grillage peut être constitué par une bande de toile métallique 60 se déroulant à partir d'une bobine de réserve 63 et appliquée contre l'extrémité 10 du fourreau 1 par une simple pièce de fixation 11 qu'il suffit de désserrer pour pouvoir faire passer une nouvelle partie de la toile devant l'orifice. Cette opération peut ainsi se faire sans démontage important de la tête de l'extrudeuse et par conséquent sans arrêt de la production, car le déplacement du grillage peut être effectué pendant le filage.On the other hand, the use as a die of a metal mesh makes it possible to easily renew the part located in front of the outlet orifice. Indeed, as shown in FIG. 4, the mesh can be constituted by a strip of
Comme on l'a représenté sur la figure 1, les filaments de tabac sortent librement du grillage suivant une direction sensiblement horizontale. En faisant varier les proportions d'agents de cohésion introduits dans le mélange et la pression d'extrusion, on peut obtenir des filaments ayant suffisamment de tenue pour constituer des brins de tabac qui décrivent une courbe peu prononcée vers le bas et se cassent sous leur poids propre au bout d'une certaine longueur.As shown in Figure 1, the tobacco filaments freely come out of the mesh in a substantially horizontal direction. By varying the proportions of cohesion agents introduced into the mixture and the extrusion pressure, it is possible to obtain filaments having sufficient strength to form tobacco strands which describe a slightly pronounced downward curve and break under their dead weight after a certain length.
Il est également possible, comme on l'a représenté sur la figure 5, d'utiliser une extrudeuse à axe vertical. Dans ce cas, le grillage 6 doit être associé à un couteau rotatif 8 assurant le sectionnement périodique des filaments formés. Cette disposition est avantageuse pour la fabrication de filaments ondulés. En effet, il suffit d'animer l'ensemble d'extrusion d'une suite de vibrations de fréquence et d'amplitude réglable dans un plan sensiblement horizontal pour que les filaments prennent à la sortie la forme d'ondulations.It is also possible, as shown in FIG. 5, to use an extruder with a vertical axis. In this case, the
Bien entendu, d'autres variantes pourraient être imaginées, l'invention revendiquée ne se limitant évidemment pas aux détails du mode de réalisation qui n'a été décrit qu'à titre d'exemple.Of course, other variants could be imagined, the claimed invention obviously not being limited to the details of the embodiment which has only been described by way of example.
Claims (5)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT81400711T ATE15133T1 (en) | 1980-05-06 | 1981-05-06 | DEVICE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF TOBACCO FIBERS. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8010097A FR2481891A1 (en) | 1980-05-06 | 1980-05-06 | DEVICE FOR MANUFACTURING TOBACCO FILAMENTS |
| FR8010097 | 1980-05-06 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0039647A1 EP0039647A1 (en) | 1981-11-11 |
| EP0039647B1 true EP0039647B1 (en) | 1985-08-28 |
Family
ID=9241670
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP81400711A Expired EP0039647B1 (en) | 1980-05-06 | 1981-05-06 | Device for making tobacco filaments |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0039647B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS575681A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE15133T1 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8102569A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1163069A (en) |
| CU (1) | CU21244A3 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3171995D1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2481891A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4117307C1 (en) * | 1991-05-27 | 1992-06-04 | B.A.T. Cigarettenfabriken Gmbh, 2000 Hamburg, De |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3339247C1 (en) * | 1983-10-28 | 1985-05-09 | B.A.T. Cigaretten-Fabriken Gmbh, 2000 Hamburg | Method and device for producing crimped fiber pieces from recycled tobacco |
| GB8704196D0 (en) * | 1987-02-23 | 1987-04-01 | British American Tobacco Co | Tobacco reconstitution |
| GB8704197D0 (en) * | 1987-02-23 | 1987-04-01 | British American Tobacco Co | Tobacco reconstitution |
| GB0011351D0 (en) * | 2000-05-12 | 2000-06-28 | British American Tobacco Co | Tobacco reconstitution |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE478954C (en) * | ||||
| GB770071A (en) * | 1955-02-09 | 1957-03-13 | Nat Res Dev | Improvements in tobacco smoke filters |
| AT262125B (en) * | 1966-10-10 | 1968-05-27 | Schiff & Stern Ges M B H | Device for the production of artificial cigarette tobacco |
| LU73096A1 (en) * | 1975-07-29 | 1977-03-24 |
-
1980
- 1980-05-06 FR FR8010097A patent/FR2481891A1/en active Granted
-
1981
- 1981-04-27 BR BR8102569A patent/BR8102569A/en unknown
- 1981-05-05 CA CA000376857A patent/CA1163069A/en not_active Expired
- 1981-05-06 DE DE8181400711T patent/DE3171995D1/en not_active Expired
- 1981-05-06 EP EP81400711A patent/EP0039647B1/en not_active Expired
- 1981-05-06 JP JP6805481A patent/JPS575681A/en active Pending
- 1981-05-06 CU CU8135450A patent/CU21244A3/en unknown
- 1981-05-06 AT AT81400711T patent/ATE15133T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4117307C1 (en) * | 1991-05-27 | 1992-06-04 | B.A.T. Cigarettenfabriken Gmbh, 2000 Hamburg, De |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CU21244A3 (en) | 1987-10-12 |
| ATE15133T1 (en) | 1985-09-15 |
| JPS575681A (en) | 1982-01-12 |
| DE3171995D1 (en) | 1985-10-03 |
| EP0039647A1 (en) | 1981-11-11 |
| FR2481891B1 (en) | 1984-03-02 |
| FR2481891A1 (en) | 1981-11-13 |
| CA1163069A (en) | 1984-03-06 |
| BR8102569A (en) | 1982-01-19 |
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