EP0036690A1 - Apparatus for dyeing or bleaching textile material in wound form with a low bath ratio - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Device for dyeing or bleaching textile materials in the rolled up state in a reduced bath, consisting of a cylindrical vessel (10; 110; 210; 310; 410), suitable to be tightly closed by means of a cover (12; 112A; 212A; 312A; 412A), with connections (23; 123; 223; 323; 423 or 24; 124; 224; 324; 424) for the inlet and respectively the outlet of the bath, with holders (30, 31, 32; 130, 131, 132; 230A, 232A; 355, 449) for the rolled up textile materials, such holders being provided with bores, and being suitable to be positioned in a cylindrical zone inside the vessel, with a hollow bath volume reducing body (13; 113; 213; 313; 413), closed, essentially filling the central longitudinal zone left free by the material holders, as well as with a heat exchange system for the control of bath temperature, characterized in that the hollow bath volume reducing body (13; 113; 213; 313; 413) is equipped at its opposite end with respect to the vessel closing cover (12; 112A; 212A; 312A; 412A) with connections (20; 120; 220; 320; 420 as well 21; 121; 221; 321; 421) for respectively feeding and discharging a heat exchange medium, and in its interior is equipped with devices (19; 120A; 220B; 221B; 320B; 321B; 413A, 419A) for circulating the heat exchange medium from the inlet connection to the outlet connection, and that the body of the vessel has a separated cylindrical extension (16; 116; 216; 316; 416), through which the hollow bath volume reducing body (13; 113; 213; 313; 413) passes concentrically, with radial separation, and on which one of the inlet or outlet connections (24; 123; 223; 323; 423) for feeding or discharging the bath is fixed.

Description

The invention relates to a machine for dyeing or bleaching textile goods such as yarn on bobbins, warp beams or the like, wound fabrics, etc. in a short fleet.

If one takes particular account of the dyeing of yarn in the form of packages, it can be said that the same has become increasingly popular in the past fifty years given its innumerable economic and technical advantages. The achievements achieved in all areas of applied science have made a significant contribution to this.

The modern machines are made of stainless steel, which is resistant to chemical attack, they work under static pressure at high temperatures, they are equipped with sophisticated controls and more and more perfect pumps and the treatment is carried out with constantly refined processes and products.

The machines in question essentially consist of a cylindrical vessel with a curved bottom and lid, the latter of which can be tightened by means of a bayonet lock and can be opened using a counterweight or a pneumatic piston, the vessel being equipped with a circulating pump for circulating the fleet in both directions and with a heat exchanger system for heating or cooling the fleet.

Various accessories complete the machine, such as a static pressure pump, an external expansion tank, which also serves for the introduction of additives, and others. However, these devices are not of interest to the invention and are therefore not considered below.

Material carriers for the textile goods to be treated are usually arranged removably within the boiler.

The heat exchanger system of the conventional machine consists of a coil placed inside the bottom of the boiler or an external heat exchanger in the connection line between the pump and the boiler.

The machines work with a fleet ratio between about / 1:10 to 1:13, i.e. with 10 - 13 1 water per kg of good to be treated, with a variable number of water changes per treatment cycle.

The number of water changes in a treatment cycle is of course variable depending on the type of textile material to be treated and on the class of the dyes used. It can vary from a minimum number of two to a maximum number, which can also exceed ten, whereby mostly warm water is used. This obviously results in a high water and steam consumption in the dyeing processes.

Taking into account the problems of environmental pollution as well as those that have arisen due to the energy shortage, it is obvious that the modern dyeing industry needs machines which keep all types of atmospheric and environmental pollution low and which consumption and energy costs each Reduce the production unit and also reduce the times in order to ensure production rhythms jobs that are likely to reduce labor costs.

In order to take these problems into account, some designers have created the machines which can be defined as a new generation and which are also referred to as "dyeing or bleaching machines in a short fleet" by following two different paths, i.e. who work with a fleet ratio that is almost halved compared to that of conventional machines.

Those who followed the first path have implemented machines to eliminate the so-called dead spaces, which consist of a series of small boilers arranged vertically or horizontally, each containing a column of 10 - 12 coils and connected to a common drive system, but while they reduced the fleet ratio, surely they did not improve the reliability of the dye. It is indeed a matter of complicated machines with an inefficient liquor circulation (large number of coils with a single supply), as well as with high costs and operating costs.

Those who followed the second route, on the other hand, proposed a partialization of the dye liquor (incomplete filling of the boiler), whereby the liquor was only circulated in one direction from the inside out and the machine was struck, since it was no longer suitable for all types of textile fibers and dye classes can be used.

• - ausgezeichnete faerbereitechnische Ergebnisse
• - Vielseitigkeit
• - wirtschaftliche Betriebskosten
• - konkurrenzfaehiger Preis.

Obviously, the solutions proposed so far have not achieved the goals that a dyeing or bleaching machine must strive for, namely:

• - excellent technical results
• - versatility
• - economical operating costs
• - competitive price.

The object of the invention is therefore to create a dyeing or bleaching machine in a short fleet, which not only achieves these goals, but also has greater practicality and simplicity.

The problem is solved by the invention with a machine which, as an essential component, comprises a cylindrical boiler which is provided with a pump for circulating the liquor in both directions and with a heat exchanger system and can be arranged in the material carrier for the textile material to be treated , The machine being characterized in that the heat exchanger system has an elongated structure, comprises a hollow liquor displacement pipe body and is arranged axially in the middle of the boiler, it having a longitudinal expansion substantially corresponding to the length of the boiler and essentially the one released by the material carriers Occupies space in the middle of the boiler.

The heat exchange medium can flow straight through the tubular body or the latter can carry a serpentine line on its cylinder wall through which the said medium is passed. It is surrounded by the treatment liquor that is circulated through the boiler.

The arrangement of such an elongated heat exchanger system within the boiler instead of an inner coil arranged on the bottom of the boiler or an outer heat exchanger primarily achieves the advantage that the dead space taken up by the latter is eliminated, whereby a noticeable reduction in the liquor ratio is achieved.

At the same time, the useful heat exchange surface is considerably enlarged, the construction is simplified and consequently the costs are reduced and maintenance is made easier.

In order to further reduce dead spaces and thus the liquor ratio, according to an advantageous further development of the invention, a boiler with a flat bottom and lid (up to a certain boiler diameter) can be used, or additional liquor displacement bodies can be arranged in the bottom and or near the lid.

The reduction in the liquor ratio is therefore not achieved by complicated systems or tricks, but by a systematic reduction in the / dead space in the boiler.

Although the machine according to the invention thus maintains the essential properties of conventional machines by working with complete fleet filling and reversal of the fleet circulation direction, it not only reduces the fleet ratio to half, but also improves their dyeing properties, simplifies the design and makes production more economical .

The reduction in the fleet ratio leads to a simultaneous reduction in water, energy, steam, dye and additive consumption as well as environmentally unfriendly waste. Furthermore, the working hours are shortened, because with the same pump delivery rate and heat exchange area to conventional machines, thanks to the approximate halving of the liquor ratio, the circulations per minute and the temperature rise gradient are doubled and consequently theoretically and as far as compatible with the exhaustion properties of the dyes, the times are reduced to half .

• Figur 1 eine erste Ausfuehrungsform der Maschine im lotrechten Schnitt zeigt,
• Figuren 2 und 3 waagrechte Schnitte nach den Linien II-II bzw. III-III der Figur 1 veranschaulichen,
• Figur 4 eine Einzelheit der Figur 3 im Schnitt und in groesserem Massstab zeigt,
• Figuren 5 und 6 analog wie Figur 1 zwei weitere Ausfuehrungsformen zeigen,
• Figuren 7 und 8 waagrechte Schnitte nach den Linien VII-VII bzw. VIII-VIII der Figur 6 sind und
• Figuren 9 und 10 analog wie Figur 1 noch zwei andere Ausfuehrungsformen der Maschine zeigen.

Further details and advantages of the invention result from the following description of some exemplary embodiments of the machine with reference to the drawing, in which:

• FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of the machine in vertical section,
• FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate horizontal sections along lines II-II and III-III of FIG. 1,
• FIG. 4 shows a detail of FIG. 3 in section and on a larger scale,
• FIGS. 5 and 6, analogous to FIG. 1, show two further embodiments,
• Figures 7 and 8 are horizontal sections along lines VII-VII and VIII-VIII of Figure 6 and
• FIGS. 9 and 10 show two other embodiments of the machine analogously to FIG. 1.

It should be noted that only those parts of the dyeing machines are shown in the drawings and described below which are essential for a complete understanding of the invention, while all accessories and devices which can be implemented in a conventional manner well known in the art have been omitted.

Furthermore, there is always talk of a dyeing machine, but it goes without saying that it could also be a bleaching machine.

The dyeing machine shown in Figures 1-3 essentially consists of a cylindrical, with its axis vertically arranged boiler 10, which has a flat bottom 11 and a flat cover 12, which is fastened with the help of a bayonet lock, not shown.

In the middle of the boiler 10, a tubular body 13 with curved floors, namely a lower floor 15 and an upper floor 14, is arranged. At the top, the body 13 almost reaches the upper end of the boiler 10, while at the bottom it penetrates into a cylindrical extension 16 of the boiler base 11 and closes it off.

The tubular body 13 simultaneously represents a liquor displacement body and a heat exchanger.

In this embodiment, the tubular body 13 is inside through a vertical transverse wall 19 in two spaces 17, 18 divided, which transverse wall extends below to the lower floor 15 and ends at a certain distance from the upper floor 14 in order to connect the two spaces 17, 18 near the upper end of the body 13 in connection. The lower floor 15 of the body 13 carries two connections, each of which is connected to one of the spaces 17, 18 and one of which serves for the entry and the other for the exit of a heating or cooling agent. Outside, the tubular body 13 is bathed by the treatment liquor circulated inside the boiler 10.

In order to achieve the circulation of the liquor in one direction or the other, a pump 22 is provided which is connected by means of the connections 23, 24 at the bottom to the cylindrical wall of the boiler 10 or to the cylindrical extension 16 of the bottom 11 thereof.

In this embodiment, spin-shaped ring-shaped coil carriers are provided as material carriers, which are not inherently part of the invention and are therefore only described superficially.

These are, in particular, three coaxial and liquid-tightly placed dimensional elements 30, 31 and 32. Each of these dimensional elements is formed by an impermeable cylinder wall 25 which is arranged in regular mutually spaced circles on superimposed parallel planes normal to the axis of the cylinder wall 25 Holes 26 is provided. A coil carrier 27 is radially fastened to each hole 26 within the wall 25, onto which a single coil 28 can be plugged and which has a shape corresponding to the coil (FIGS. 1 and 3 show this arrangement only schematically).

As can be better seen in FIG. 4, each coil carrier 27 in a preferred embodiment can consist essentially of a plastic body which has a head through a core 29, four radial ribs 33 Part 34 and a tubular base part 35 is formed, the latter being insertable into a corresponding hole 26 in the cylinder wall 25 and fastened by means of a hexagon nut 36. The sleeve 37 of the coil 28, the wall of which is perforated throughout, is slipped over the head part 34 (against which it seals) and the ribs 33 of the carrier 27 and engages in an annular groove 38 in the tubular base part 35. A handle 39 serves to to hold the coil 28 on the carrier 27.

The fluid-tight placement of the uniform ring elements 30, 31, 32 is ensured by the fact that the cylinder wall 25 of each element carries a profile ring 40 at the bottom (see FIG. 1) and a ring guide 41 at the top, into which the profile ring 40 of the element placed thereon can engage. An analog ring guide is provided on the boiler base 11, while an impermeable cover 42 is placed on top, which engages with a profile ring in the ring guide 41 of the uppermost element 32 and is fastened to the upper curved base 14 of the tubular body 13 by means of a threaded pin and wing nut 43.

As can clearly be seen in FIG. 1, there is practically no dead space inside the boiler 10 if the material carriers loaded with coils are arranged in the boiler. The tubular body 13 has a diameter such that it forms an annular space just sufficient for accommodating the material carriers with the cylindrical vessel wall. The treatment liquor completely fills the interior of the boiler, which has been left free by the tubular body 13 and the material carriers. Their circulation in the sense of arrow 44 takes place starting from the connection 23 in the space formed by the cylindrical vessel wall and the cylinder walls 25 of the superimposed dimensional elements 30, 31, 32, then through the holes 26 of the walls 25 into the coil carrier 27, through the coils 28 through in the space within the uniform elements 30, 31, 32, which is delimited on the inside by the tubular body 13, and finally by the space between the lower part of the tubular body 13 and the cylindrical extension 16 of the boiler base 11 for connection 24. When the fleet the fleet flows in the direction of arrow 45.

During the liquor circulation in one direction or the other, the liquor flows around the entire wide surface of the tubular body 13 and thus experiences an effective heat exchange.

In order to permit the insertion and removal of the material carriers in or from the boiler 10, the unitary elements 30, 31, 32 can also be connected to one another by means of suitable means, not shown, so that they are handled as a unit can.

In the case shown, the textile material to be treated is in the form of cross-wound bobbins, but other types of clothing, for example cylindrical bobbins, could also be provided.

The embodiment of the machine shown in FIG. 5 is similar to that described so far, and its parts, which correspond to those already mentioned, are identified by the same reference numerals, but increased by 100.

A first difference lies in the design of the heat exchanger, which again has a tubular body 113, but which has no internal partition, while the inlet 120 of the heat exchange medium is provided with an extension pipe socket 120A, which protrudes from the lower floor 115 of the body . This solution is particularly suitable in the event that steam is used as the heating medium. The purpose of the extension pipe socket 120A at the inlet 120 is to place the steam in the pipe body 113 above the un the condensate surfer that forms in the body.

Another difference from the previously described embodiment is that the boiler bottom 111A and the lid 112A of the boiler 110 are curved.

In order in this case to also remove the dead spaces that would arise in the vicinity of the boiler bottom and the boiler lid, a hollow, closed base plate 146 of suitable shape is provided, on which the lower unitary element 130 stands up in a liquid-tight manner and can optionally be coupled.

The base plate 146 in turn rests in a liquid-tight manner on an annular support 147 which is formed at the upper end of a tube 148 which concentrically surrounds the lower part of the tube body 113 and which in turn is arranged concentrically within the cylindrical extension 116 of the curved base 111A of the boiler 110. At the bottom, the tube 148 extends beyond the cylindrical extension 116 and forms interstices with both this and the tube body 113, with which the connections 123 and 124 are connected.

A perforated cylinder wall 149 is firmly connected to the shaped base plate 146, which is closed at the top by a cover 150 and is slipped over the tubular body 113, from whose cylindrical wall it remains at a short distance.

The cover 142A placed on the upper unitary element 132 also has the shape of a hollow, closed displacement body in order to fill the dead space formed by the curvature of the cover 112A of the boiler 110.

The base plate 146 with the perforated cylinder wall 149 and with the cover 142A belong to the material carrier and can, of course after loosening the fastening wing nut 143, together with the mass uniform elements 130, 131, 132 are handled.

FIGS. 6-8 show a further embodiment of the machine, the parts of which correspond to those of the machine according to FIG. 5 with the same reference numerals, but increasingly designated by 100.

In this case, the tubular body 213 has the dual function of a liquor displacement body and a carrier for an outer coil 251, the lower and upper ends of which are connected to the inlet 220 and the outlet 221 of the heat exchange medium via lines running inside the tubular body 213 flat bottom 215A of the body 213 are attached. In this case, the heat exchange medium therefore no longer flows through the tubular body 213, as in the previously described embodiments, but is guided through the coil 251, which is circulated by the treatment liquor circulated by the boiler 210.

Another difference compared to the previously described embodiments is that the unitary coil support elements 230A, 231A, 232A are double-walled instead of single-walled. In particular, it can be seen that the impermeable cylindrical wall 225 carrying the coil carriers 227 on the inside of each unitary element is concentrically surrounded on the outside at a certain distance by a second impermeable cylindrical wall 225A, which forms an intermediate space 252 with the first, and with the cylindrical wall of the Boiler 210 an intermediate space 253. Furthermore, the cavity of the base plate 246A is on the one hand with the intermediate space 252 and on the other hand via a double ring support 247A with the intermediate space formed between the tube 248 and the lower part of the tubular body 213 and thus with the connection 224.

The gap 253 is at the bottom with the gap formed between the tube 248 and the cylindrical extension 216 of the curved bottom 211A of the boiler 210 and thus in connection with the connection 223, while it is connected at the top to the space inside the wall 225 of the unitary elements 230A, 231A, 232A by openings 254, which are recessed in the cover 242A designed as a displacement body, which underneath the upper dead space the domed lid 212A of the boiler 210.

The machine shown in FIG. 9 is similar to that according to FIGS. 6-8 and its corresponding parts are provided with the same reference numerals, which are, however, increased by 100.

A first difference between these two machines is that the tubular body 313 does not carry a separate coil, but rather a coil 351A, which is formed by a tube which is semicircular in cross section and is directly attached to the wall of the body, for example welded on. The operation of this heat exchanger is otherwise the same as that previously described.

Another difference is that the machine according to FIG. 9 is equipped with a conventional material carrier instead of a centrifugal ring-shaped material carrier. This conventional material carrier is well known in the art and is therefore only shown schematically and is only described in large parts. It consists of a hollow base plate 346A, on which vertical support rods 355 are mounted on concentric circles and at mutual intervals, onto each of which a number of coils 328, each separated by an intermediate disk 356, can be attached in sequence. The row of coils on each rod 355 is held by a quick release 357 or the like.

This embodiment shows that the criteria of the invention are valid and applicable even when known, conventional material carriers are used and not only in the case of the use of the special centrifugal, ring-shaped material carriers, as are provided in the embodiments described first.

Finally, if FIG. 10 is taken into consideration, it can be seen that the same criteria are also valid and applicable if the machine is used to treat textile goods with an unrolled liquor, which textile material is not in the form of yarn packages but, for example, in the form of warp trees or of wound fabrics.

The machine also has a boiler 410 with a curved bottom 411A and a curved lid. The bottom has a cylindrical extension 416, in which a tube 448 is arranged, which at one end forms an annular support 447 for a base flange 446A, which carries a perforated cylinder wall 449. The chain yarn or the wound fabric 460 is arranged between the base flange 446A and a head flange 442B. In this case too, a tubular body 413 is arranged as a heat exchanger and liquor displacement body within the perforated cylinder wall 449. The embodiment shown in FIG. 10 is a double-walled heat exchanger, a second closed tube body 413A being arranged within the tube body 413, which forms an intermediate space 417A with the first, in which space between the inlet and outlet connections 420, 421 for the Heat exchange means a transverse wall 419A is arranged. The heat exchange medium thus enters through inlet 420 and, after flowing through space 417A, can exit again through outlet 421.

If this latter machine is used in particular for the treatment of wound materials, then it is built horizontally instead of standing.

It is obvious that the various be written embodiments can be combined with one another in various ways, which applies particularly to the heat exchange system.

Incidentally, it goes without saying that the various embodiments of the machine according to the invention have in common the basic principle that the dead spaces within the boiler are reduced to a minimum, primarily thanks to the use of a special heat exchanger system with an elongated structure in the middle of the boiler and further thanks to the presence of additional liquor displacement bodies when a boiler with a curved bottom and lid has to be used instead of a flat bottom and lid.

Despite the fact that the entire inside of the tank is filled with the liquor and the circulation of the liquor is reversed, the liquor ratio could be extremely reduced without the need for complicated systems or tricks, even simplifying the construction of the machine, reducing energy consumption and improving heat exchange and the color properties and the production could be made cheaper.

Claims (10)

1.Machine for dyeing or bleaching textile goods, such as yarn on bobbins, warp beams or the like, wound fabrics etc. in a short liquor, consisting of a cylindrical boiler with a pump for circulating the liquor in both directions and with a heat exchanger system, whereby material carriers for the textile material to be treated can be arranged in the boiler, characterized in that the heat exchanger system has a hollow liquor displacement tube body (13; 113; 213; 313; 413), which essentially the part of the material carrier (30,31,32; 130,131,132; 230A, 231A, 232A; 346A, 349,355; 446A, 449) in the middle of the boiler (10; 110; 210; 310; 410) occupies free space and its interior is sealed off from the exterior space taken up by the material carriers and flowed through by the circulating liquor, this hollow body (13; 113; 213; 313; 413) being axially longitudinally in the middle of the boiler a length which corresponds essentially to that of the boiler. 2. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the tubular body (13; 113) is closed and at one end inlet and outlet connections (20,21; 120,121) for the heat exchange medium traegto 30 Machine according to claim 2, characterized in that the hollow tubular body (13) has its transverse partition (19) which on the one hand extends to a bottom (15) of the body and divides the inside into two spaces (17, 18) with the inlet and outlet connections (20, 21) are connected, the partition (19) on the other hand ending at a distance from the other floor (14) of the body in order to put the two spaces (17, 18) in mutual connection. 4. Machine according to claim 2, characterized in that the inlet connection (120) is provided with an up to such a height in the interior of the extension pipe socket (120A) that through him steam as a heat exchange medium above the bottom in the body (113) Condensate sump can be introduced. 5. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the cylindrical wall of the tubular body (213) carries a tube coil (251) on the outside, through which the heat exchange medium flows. 6. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that on the cylindrical wall of the tubular body (313) a cross-sectionally semicircular serpentine tube (351A) is attached, which forms a line for the flow of the heat exchange medium with the wall of the tubular body. 7. Machine according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the ends of the coils (251; 351A) with through the interior of the hollow tubular body (213; 313) and through the bottom emerging lines (220B, 221B; 320B, 321B) are connected, which are connected to heat exchange medium circulation means. 8. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the tubular body (413, 413A) is double-walled with an intermediate space (417A), in which a transverse partition (419A) is arranged between an inlet and an outlet connection (420, 421). 9. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the boiler (13) has a flat bottom (11) and a flat cover (12). 10. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottom (111A; 211A; 311A; 411A) and lid (112A; 212A; 312A; 412A) of the boiler (110; 210; 310; 410) are curved and that the spaces in the boiler near the bottom and / or lid are at least partially are filled in by additional liquor displacement bodies (146, 142A; 246A, 242A; 346A).

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