EP0035865B1 - Vertikalschachtofen mit Transportvorrichtungen für brennendes Gut - Google Patents

Vertikalschachtofen mit Transportvorrichtungen für brennendes Gut Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0035865B1
EP0035865B1 EP81300888A EP81300888A EP0035865B1 EP 0035865 B1 EP0035865 B1 EP 0035865B1 EP 81300888 A EP81300888 A EP 81300888A EP 81300888 A EP81300888 A EP 81300888A EP 0035865 B1 EP0035865 B1 EP 0035865B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
shaft
goods
kiln
supports
bat
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81300888A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0035865A3 (en
EP0035865A2 (de
Inventor
Donald Percy Shelley
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT81300888T priority Critical patent/ATE10395T1/de
Publication of EP0035865A2 publication Critical patent/EP0035865A2/de
Publication of EP0035865A3 publication Critical patent/EP0035865A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0035865B1 publication Critical patent/EP0035865B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/06—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity heated without contact between combustion gases and charge; electrically heated
    • F27B9/10—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity heated without contact between combustion gases and charge; electrically heated heated by hot air or gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/14—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment
    • F27B9/142—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving along a vertical axis

Definitions

  • the invention concerns improvements in or relating to kilns, particularly but not exclusively kilns for firing ceramic materials.
  • the invention may apply also to kilns for the heat treatment of metal products and products of other materials.
  • Kilns are known in which the goods to be heat treated are lowered down a vertical shaft which is provided from the top in descending order with a pre-heating, a heating and a precooling zone. Heating and cooling means are provided in the shaft as well as means for transporting goods to be heat treated down the shaft. An arrangement of this type has been disclosed in Belgian Patent No. 530725.
  • a kiln comprising a substantially vertical shaft, transport means for supporting goods to be heat treated in the shaft and for moving the goods from the top to the bottom of the shaft, means for introducing air at or near the base of the shaft and heating means intermediate the top and base of the shaft, characterised in that the transport means include supports and pallets or bats adapted to be removably mounted on said supports and in that gaps are provided between the shaft walls and the opposite sides of alternate pallets or bats so that gases rising through the kiln are directed to pass substantially horizontally over the goods thereon with the gas passing over one bat moving in a direction opposite to that passing over the neighbouring bats.
  • a method of heating goods comprising placing goods at the top of the substantially vertical shaft, lowering the goods down the shaft, heating the shaft intermediate its ends and introducing air at or adjacent its base such that as the goods are lowered they are progressively heated until they reach a maximum temperature at said heating zone and are progressively cooled as they progress towards the base of the shaft, characterised in that the air is caused to flow in a simuous manner up the shaft such that it passes over the goods in a direction substantially transverse to the shaft axis.
  • a vertical kiln comprises a framework incorporating four corner frame members 10 which support therebetween kiln wall panels 12 each having a base plate 14, a refractory and/or ceramic fibre insulation intermediate portion 16, and an inner refractory layer 18. Supports 20, two for each panel, are cantilevered out from the base plate 14 and project beyond the front face of the refractory layer 18 into the shaft 22 of the kiln.
  • a mechanism is provided to move the panels either transversely of the shaft axis or vertically.
  • Fig. 1 the panels are shown in their innermost position and it should be observed that in this position a gap 24 is provided between the right hand panel 12 and the right hand edge of a pallet or bat 26 supported on the supports 20.
  • the gap provides a passage for gases for the underside of the bat to the upper side on which ware 27 is supported.
  • the panels 12 and their supports 20 are lowered down the shaft until the bat 26 is supported on the next lower set of supports 20.
  • the first set of supports then move transversely away from the shaft axis such that they can be raised to their initial level without fouling the edges of the bat. Once at this initial level the mechanism moves them transversely inwards ready to receive another bat 26 from the set of supports above.
  • the corner frame members 10 of the kiln have a stepped cross-section and the sides of the panels 12 have a corresponding stepped cross-section to provide a convection and radiation seal.
  • the base plate 14 is provided with a flange 28 at each end thereof the flange incorporating a channel 30 in which is mounted a-sealing strip 32 of a hard smooth low friction material such as fused aluminia or carbon, the strip 32 being spring loaded in such a way that it is urged out of the channel into contact with a flange 34 supported by the frame member 10.
  • a-sealing strip 32 of a hard smooth low friction material such as fused aluminia or carbon
  • Fig. 2 shows that the panels 12 are so arranged that the gas passage 24 defined by one panel is arranged on the opposite side of the kiln from the passage 24 defined by the corresponding panel of the set of panels above or below said panel.
  • gas flowing upwards through the shaft is caused to pass in a relatively horizontal direction over the ware 27 on the bats 26, then upwards to the upper surface of the next bat, along this bat and then upwards at the opposite end thereof.
  • means are provided for introducing cold or preheated air into the kiln and means are provided also for supplying bats 26 supporting ware 27 to the top of the kiln.
  • Heating means which may be electric elements or gas or oil burners are provided intermediate the base and top of the kiln and the mechanism for causing movement of the panels is so arranged that it progresses the bats 26 supporting ware 27 downwards through the kiln.
  • cold air is induced to rise up from the base of the kiln in the opposite direction to the movement of goods down the kiln so that the temperature of the air is increased as it rises upwards cooling the goods.
  • the rising air reaches or is near to the peak temperature of the kiln it is heated by the heating means to a temperature above the desired maximum temperature of the goods and heated gases then pass up the kiln giving off heat to the incoming goods passing downwards so that when the gases reach the top of the kiln the major part of the combustion heat has been transferred to the downward moving goods.
  • the temperature of the hot air leaving the kiln will typically be about 150° to 250°C and of the goods leaving the kiln about 150° to 200°C.
  • the peak temperature is 1200°C then some 80% of the heat in the goods is recouperated into the system. Similarly some 80% of the heat in the gases at peak temperature is recouperated. Of course it is possible to pre-heat goods and/or the air before they are reintroduced into the kiln.
  • Means, for example an orifice, at the top and/or base of the kiln may be provided to control the flow of air therethrough, the orifice may be adjustable and may be automatically controlled.
  • the mechanism for controlling the movement of the panels will cause intermittent movement of the panels but it can be so regulated that it causes continuous movement thereof downwards through the kiln.
  • cold air or heat can be added in any zone of the kiln to vary the shape of the firing cycle of the goods passing therethrough.
  • hot gases may be removed at any point.
  • the temperature of the peak zone or zones may be controlled using conventional controlling technniques to regulate the flow of fuel to the burners or electricity to the heating elements.
  • Thermodynamic analysis shows that less than the stoichiometric quantity of gases is required so that the atmosphere is normally oxidizing.
  • a small quantity of cold air may be required to be admitted at the burners along with fuel to improve the quality of combustion or to prevent "cracking" of the fuel and subsequent carbon build up on the burners but this air is not required for thermodynamic reasons. If a reducing atmosphere is required inside the kiln it can be obtained economically by introducing some of the gases leaving the kiln back into the base of the kiln as cooling gas so that when it supports combustion in the firing zone a reducing atmosphere is produced.
  • a normal type of heating and cooling cycle is obtained when the thernal content of the rising air is similar to the thermal mass per unit time of the bats or pallets and loads.
  • An excessive flow of air modifies the heating curve to give quicker earlier heating and slower heating as the peak temperature is approached; cooling is similarly modified to give fast early cooling and slower cooling towards the bottom of the kiln.
  • An insufficient flow of air gives the opposite effect.
  • the kiln may be loaded at the top manually and unloaded manually at the bottom but this is expensive in labour as well as being heavy and awkward work and the mechanical handling means for loading and unloading may be provided, the means including, for example, a vertical storage magazine (not shown).
  • the bats or pallets for supporting the ware may be of conventional refractory form being made in one piece and the thermal diffusivity of the bat is suitable for cycles in the order of 4 to 12 hours through the kiln with a temperature difference between the adjacent zones of approximately 150°C.
  • Kilns with very slow cycles or kilns with large temperature differences between adjacent zones may benefit by the use of composite bats containing one or more layer of high temperature insulation such as ceramic fibre together with layers of refractory bat material to cut down interzone heat transfer by conduction through the bats and to reduce thermal stresses in the bats.
  • a kiln may contain two or more stocks of bats built in one shaft or it may include more than one shaft each including one or more stacks.
  • the means for transporting the pallets or bats down the kiln may be modified, for example in a low total height kiln or a kiln with a light load or working at low temperatures where the bats retain most of their strength at peak temperature the bats may be supported directly on each other by conventional props or posts so that all the weight is transmitted downwards to the bottom bat.
  • a simple lowering mechanism engageable with the bat next to the bottom bat is provided. On operation this engages the bat next from bottom and lifts the stack of bats away from the bottom bat such that it can be removed, the mechanism then lowering the remainder of the stack and retreating such that it may be moved for subsequent operation on the new next from bottom bat. A fresh bat may then be placed on the top of the stack.
  • the supports 20 may be retractable members projecting through apertures in the insulating panels.
  • supports are provided in one pair of opposed walls only and are arranged in each wall in groups of four. The panel sections supporting the inner two supports of the four are vertically moveable.
  • the inner supports and the panel section on which they are mounted are raised slightly to lift the bat thereon clear of the outer supports and the outer supports are then retracted such that the bat resting on the inner supports can be lowered on downwards movement of the inner supports and the panel section on which they are mounted.
  • the outer supports are advanced such that continued lowering results in the bat being placed on the advanced outer supports at the next lower level.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
  • Muffle Furnaces And Rotary Kilns (AREA)
  • Tunnel Furnaces (AREA)
  • Thermotherapy And Cooling Therapy Devices (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
  • Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)

Claims (6)

1. Brennofen mit einem im wesentlichen vertikalen Schacht (22), Transportmitteln (20, 26) zum Halten von im Schacht mit Hitze zu behandelnden Gegenständen (27) und zum Bewegen der Gegenstände von der Oberseite zur Unterseite des Schachtes, Mitteln zum Einführen von Luft an oder nahe der Unterseite des Schachts und Heizmitteln zwischen der Oberseite und der Unterseite des Schachts, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Transportmittel Träger (20) und abnehmbar auf den Trägern sitzende Paletten oder Stapelplatten enthalten und daß Zwischenräume (24) zwischen den Schachtwänden und den entgegengesetzten Seiten von alternierenden Paletten oder Stapelplatten vorhanden sind, so daß durch den Schacht hochsteigende Gase geführt werden, damit sie im wesentlichen horizontal über die auf den Paletten ode Stapelplatten befindlichen Gegenstände strömen, wobei das über eine Palette strömende Gas sich in einer Richtung bewegt, die der des über die benachbarten Paletten strömenden Gases entgegengesetzt ist.
2. Brennofen nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er Mittel zum Zuführen von Luft in den Schacht (22), Mittel zum Entfernen erhitzter Gase und Heizzonen enthält, die alle an Stellen mit vertikalem Abstand angeordnet sind.
3. Brennofen nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Transportmittel einen ersten und einen zweiten Satz von Trägern (20) enthalten, die an einem Paar entgegengesetzter Schachtwänder angeordnet sind, wobei die Träger jedes Satzes in der gleichen Höhe angeordnet und alle Träger quer zum Schacht bewegbar sind und der zweite Satz außerdem längs des Schachts bewegbar ist, derart, daß ein erster Satz, der eine Palette hält, zurückgezogen werden kann, wobei die Palette auf einem zweiten Satz gehalten wird, der dann die Palette auf einen neu vorgeschobenen ersten Satz in einer niedrigeren Höhe absenkt.
4. Brennofen nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Mittel zum Steuern des Gasdurchflusses durch den Brennofen vorhanden sind.
5. Verfahren zum Erhitzen von Gegenständen, bei dem die Gegenstände an der Oberseite eines im wesentlichen vertikalen Schachtes plaziert und im Schacht nach unten abgesenkt werden, der Schacht zwischen seinen Enden erhitzt wird und Luft an oder im Bereich seiner Unterseite eingeführt wird, derart, daß die Gegenstände beim Absenken bis zum Erreichen einer maximalen Temperatur in der Heizzone progressiv erhitzt und, wenn sie zur Schachtunterseite hin fortschreiten, progressiv gekühlt werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Luft auf schlangenlinienförmige Weise schachtaufwärts strömt, derart, daß sie in einer im wesentlichen quer zur Schachtachse verlaufenden Richtung über die Gegenstände strömt.
6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Gegenstände auf Paletten oder Stapelplatten gehalten werden, die intermittierend schachtabwärts abgesenkt werden.
EP81300888A 1980-03-08 1981-03-04 Vertikalschachtofen mit Transportvorrichtungen für brennendes Gut Expired EP0035865B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT81300888T ATE10395T1 (de) 1980-03-08 1981-03-04 Vertikalschachtofen mit transportvorrichtungen fuer brennendes gut.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8008083 1980-03-08
GB8008083 1980-03-08

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0035865A2 EP0035865A2 (de) 1981-09-16
EP0035865A3 EP0035865A3 (en) 1981-11-25
EP0035865B1 true EP0035865B1 (de) 1984-11-21

Family

ID=10511979

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81300888A Expired EP0035865B1 (de) 1980-03-08 1981-03-04 Vertikalschachtofen mit Transportvorrichtungen für brennendes Gut

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0035865B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS56137071A (de)
AT (1) ATE10395T1 (de)
DE (1) DE3167261D1 (de)
GB (1) GB2071291B (de)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS60235706A (ja) * 1984-05-09 1985-11-22 Central Glass Co Ltd シリコン系セラミツクス粉末の連続製造方法
JPH075351B2 (ja) * 1990-02-27 1995-01-25 株式会社イナックス 窯業建材品の焼成方法
DE19731753B4 (de) * 1997-07-23 2007-06-21 Seho Systemtechnik Gmbh Reflow-Lötanlage

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE530725A (de) *
GB248394A (en) * 1925-02-28 1927-05-27 Adalbert Besta An improved apparatus for and method of annealing metals, ceramic and other materials
FR967576A (fr) * 1948-06-14 1950-11-07 Four vertical automatique
GB1260007A (en) * 1969-05-23 1972-01-12 Wtz Feikeramischen Ind Process and apparatus for the firing of shaped ceramic articles

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0035865A3 (en) 1981-11-25
GB2071291A (en) 1981-09-16
EP0035865A2 (de) 1981-09-16
GB2071291B (en) 1984-02-15
DE3167261D1 (en) 1985-01-03
JPS56137071A (en) 1981-10-26
ATE10395T1 (de) 1984-12-15

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