EP0035444A1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Aufwärmen eines kalten Fluidums - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Aufwärmen eines kalten Fluidums Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0035444A1
EP0035444A1 EP81400294A EP81400294A EP0035444A1 EP 0035444 A1 EP0035444 A1 EP 0035444A1 EP 81400294 A EP81400294 A EP 81400294A EP 81400294 A EP81400294 A EP 81400294A EP 0035444 A1 EP0035444 A1 EP 0035444A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tube
fluid
elements
installation according
heat exchange
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP81400294A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0035444B1 (de
Inventor
Pierre Gauthier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Air Liquide SA, LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical Air Liquide SA
Publication of EP0035444A1 publication Critical patent/EP0035444A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0035444B1 publication Critical patent/EP0035444B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F17C9/02—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D3/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium flows in a continuous film, or trickles freely, over the conduits
    • F28D3/04—Distributing arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0138—Shape tubular
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0388—Localisation of heat exchange separate
    • F17C2227/0393—Localisation of heat exchange separate using a vaporiser

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and an installation for heating a cryogenic fluid by heat exchange with a circulating fluid whose solidification temperature is higher than the temperature of the cryogenic fluid before its final heating.
  • the object of the present invention is to make it possible to use water or other fluid at a temperature that is relatively cold while avoiding any risk of solidification of the circulating fluid).
  • French patent n ° 70 26.212 describes a process for heating natural gas by countercurrent exchange in a plurality of vertical tubes mounted in parallel, the natural gas always circulating in an upward direction inside the tubes and the circulating water flowing naturally by gravity on the outside of these tubes which are provided with longitudinal fins.
  • an internal section of tube is provided for the passage natural gas which is increasingly reduced, which leads to successive increases in the speed of natural gas flowing in the tubes.
  • Japanese Patent No. 54,7403 describes the heating of natural gas by first co-current exchange with natural gas flowing from bottom to top in a tube bundle and water flowing from bottom to top in a calender according to a flow forced, then an exchange against the current with the gas flowing from top to bottom in another tube bundle and the water flowing from bottom to top in the corresponding grille. This is enough complex and leads to significant deterioration, in particular calenders in the event of accidental freezing of the warming water.
  • Japanese patent n ° 52 144.006 describes a heating comprising a first section in countercurrent exchange with the natural gas flowing from bottom to top in a first plurality of tubes and the water naturally flowing outside, then a second section also in countercurrent exchange, the natural gas flowing from bottom to top in a second plurality of tubes and the water naturally flowing outside, with the particularity that the second plurality of tubes offers a passage section for natural gas lower than the first plurality.
  • This arrangement also does not fulfill the objective of the present invention.
  • the essential characteristic of the invention is, in a heating process in which the cryogenic fluid is led in a plurality of elements of vertical tubes with fins, connected in series, firstly co-current with the circulating fluid flowing at the periphery of said tube elements, then against the flow of said circulating fluid, to provide that the circulating fluid flows by gravity along said tube elements and that each tube element most upstream is supplied with cryogenic fluid at its upper end.
  • the critical temperature of natural gas is generally close to - 60 ° C, its density in the vicinity of this temperature varies rapidly with temperature, even under a pressure higher than the critical pressure (6 kg / m3 / ° C under 75 bars).
  • the flow rate of natural gas in the second tube element is still necessarily low at this temperature to avoid setting in external ice. Under these conditions, a "downward" flow of natural gas would lead to flow disturbances due to the untimely influence of gravity and generating thermodynamic irreversibilities.
  • an upward flow in the second element leads to a natural stratification according to the density and the temperature of the natural gas which therefore does not create any disturbance of flow.
  • the intermediate temperature between the first and second tube elements is close to the critical temperature, it is therefore preferable to provide for an upward circulation of natural gas in the second tube element in order to ensure a final heating of the natural gas. without untimely irreversibilities, which should then be compensated for by a noticeable increase in the exchange surface.
  • the present invention also relates to an installation for heating a cold fluid by heat exchange with a hot liquid, of the type comprising heat exchange passages with substantially vertical extension with means for distributing a runoff liquid to the high end of the passages and this installation is characterized in that said passages comprise at least one module with at least one first tube element or head element, connected at its lower end to the lower end of at least one second element of tube, and means for supplying fluid to be heated at the end su of each head tube element.
  • an installation comprises a plurality of heating tubes 1 forming heat exchange passages, made of aluminum, each consisting of a tube element “upstream” or head 2 and of a "downstream” tube element 3, connected by a lower bend 4.
  • the head tube element 2 is connected to a pipe 5 to a source of cryogenic fluid to be heated by means of a box of connection 10, while the "downstream” tube element 3 is connected directly to a pipe 6 for withdrawing heated fluid: the tube elements 2 and 3 are suspended so as to extend substantially vertically, and all around and along these tube elements, which have external fins 7, flow streams of heating liquid in the form of sheets 8 and 9 which are previously formed by upper distribution devices 11.
  • connection box 10 here comprises (see FIG. 2) welded as an extension of the head element 2, an envelope tube 12 having a constant wall thickness in a lower section 12 ′ and increasing radially in a middle portion 12 ′′, with a constant internal diameter, at the upper end, this casing 12 extends at 13 to a connection end 14 of the pipe 5 for the cryogenic fluid. All of these parts are made of aluminum to be suitably welded between - They and with the heat exchange tube element 1.
  • the end piece 14 has an internal bore of small diameter 16 in which is welded a conduit element 17 leading largely inside the tubular head element 2. Between the conduit element 17 on the one hand and on the other hand the casing 13 - 12 and the upper part of the 'tube element 2 is placed a thermal insulation product 18.
  • the assembly which has just been described is housed inside a distribution well 20 having a ring of perforations 21.
  • This well 20 is fixed on the distribution device 11 enveloping at a short distance the tube element 2 with its fins 7 and the perforations 21 are located at the upper level of the portion 12 "of oversized thickness.
  • the liquid runoff caloric which is intended to flow in layers such as 8 and 9 along the tube elements "upstream '2 and" downstream "3, comes from a general reserve of liquid 25, which itself is supplied by a 25 'source.
  • the runoff caloric liquid is transferred into a lower part of the distribution well 20 in the form of a plurality of veins or liquid jets 26 coming from the reserve 25 and formed from the perforations 21.
  • the cryogenic fluid which circulates inside the pipe 5 and the tube 17 to reach the head tube element 2 is radially isolated from the outside by the insulating body 18.
  • the significant longitudinal refrigeration flow which essentially arises, c8té "upstream", at the level of the end piece 14 and which propagates downstream along the tube-envelope 13 - 12 towards the tube element 2, is substantially derived radially outward at the location of the envelope tube 12 with a progressively increasing wall thickness upstream.
  • This arrangement therefore allows a diversion towards the liquid jets 26 of a substantial part of the refrigerating flow with longitudinal propagation, which thereby alleviates the residual refrigerating flow thereby continuing its longitudinal propagation in the weaker walled portion 12 ′ and especially towards the upper part 2 ′ of the head element 2 which is immersed in an individual reserve of distribution water 29 of a substantially stagnant nature, therefore with a low coefficient of heat exchange with the wall of the tube element 2.
  • the runoff water forms in a runoff layer on the finned external wall of the upstream tube element 2 and gradually cools down to the lower end of this tube element.
  • "upstream" 2 where the runoff water is then evacuated at 30 with, moreover, that which comes from the runoff against the current on the "downstream” tube element 3.
  • the risks of freezing the runoff liquid are significantly reduced, the fluid being heated
  • the temperature flowing in the tube 1 has seen its temperature increase until it is close to that of the runoff liquid, so that the evacuation of the heated fluid from the "downstream” tube element 3 can be carried out, without setting in use of a connection box as described with reference to FIG. 2, by a simple draw-off line 6, with, however, of course, the distribution device 11 allowing the formation of a uniform run-off ply 9, such as shown in Figure 3.
  • a plurality of "upstream” tube elements 42a, 42b, ... 42n are all connected between an upper distribution manifold 50 and a lower connection manifold 51 supplying another plurality 43a, 43b ... 43n of "downstream” tube elements thus forming a first multi-tubular module whose upper end is connected by a manifold 52 to a second multi-tubular module made up of another plurality of "upstream” tube elements 44a, 44b ... 44g, the final module having a plurality of "upstream” tube elements 45a, 45b ... 45r and a plurality of "downstream” tube elements 46a, 46b. .. 46s, delivering the heated liquid to a 52 "final manifold.
  • a bundle of tube elements is formed of a first set of lines 81a, 81b, 81c (for example three in number) consisting of a multi-tubular module (or several multi-tubular modules in series) between a supply collector 83 and an intermediate collector 84 which supplies a second set of lines 82a and 82b (for example two) between this intermediate collector 84 and the final withdrawal collector 85.
  • a first set of a plurality of lines 91a, 91b, 91c (for example three) supplied by a supply collector 93 and withdrawn by a withdrawal collector 95a is connected via a pipe. 96 with expansion valve 97 to a second set of another plurality of lines 92a, 92b connected between a supply manifold 95b and a withdrawal manifold 94.
  • This arrangement can be used for example if the network is at 40 bars and the gas available under higher pressure, for example 80 bars, and it is noted that this delayed expansion which causes refrigeration release is not detrimental to the pipes, since the natural gas is then in the already partially heated state.
  • a separator can be placed at the outlet of the expansion valve 97 for withdrawing and removing the heaviest condensates, such as ethane, propane or butane, while the gaseous fraction is only warmed up.
  • the invention is particularly applicable to the heating and re-vaporization of liquefied natural gas.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
EP81400294A 1980-02-29 1981-02-26 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Aufwärmen eines kalten Fluidums Expired EP0035444B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8004509 1980-02-29
FR8004509A FR2477276A1 (fr) 1980-02-29 1980-02-29 Procede et installation de rechauffement d'un fluide froid

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0035444A1 true EP0035444A1 (de) 1981-09-09
EP0035444B1 EP0035444B1 (de) 1985-06-26

Family

ID=9239137

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81400294A Expired EP0035444B1 (de) 1980-02-29 1981-02-26 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Aufwärmen eines kalten Fluidums

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US4343156A (de)
EP (1) EP0035444B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS56137084A (de)
AU (1) AU533661B2 (de)
CA (1) CA1154432A (de)
DE (1) DE3171087D1 (de)
ES (1) ES8201302A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2477276A1 (de)
PT (1) PT72581B (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0450906A1 (de) * 1990-03-30 1991-10-09 Tokyo Gas Company Limited Wärmeaustauscher vom Doppelwandrohrtyp
WO2008012286A1 (en) * 2006-07-25 2008-01-31 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Method and apparatus for vaporizing a liquid stream
US9951906B2 (en) 2012-06-12 2018-04-24 Shell Oil Company Apparatus and method for heating a liquefied stream
EP3710743A4 (de) * 2017-11-15 2021-08-18 Taylor-Wharton Malaysia Sdn. Bhd Kryogener flüssigkeitsverdampfer

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0676871B2 (ja) * 1988-03-25 1994-09-28 サンエンジニアリング株式会社 熱交換器
US5251452A (en) * 1992-03-16 1993-10-12 Cryoquip, Inc. Ambient air vaporizer and heater for cryogenic fluids
US5390500A (en) * 1992-12-29 1995-02-21 Praxair Technology, Inc. Cryogenic fluid vaporizer system and process
US5473905A (en) * 1994-07-29 1995-12-12 Cryoquip, Inc. Surge dampening device for cryogenic vaporizers and heater elements
US5937656A (en) * 1997-05-07 1999-08-17 Praxair Technology, Inc. Nonfreezing heat exchanger
DE60024634T2 (de) 2000-10-30 2006-08-03 L'Air Liquide, S.A. a Directoire et Conseil de Surveillance pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude Verfahren und Einrichtung für kryogenische Luftzerlegung integriert mit assoziiertem Verfahren
US6799429B2 (en) * 2001-11-29 2004-10-05 Chart Inc. High flow pressurized cryogenic fluid dispensing system
CN105605950B (zh) * 2015-12-24 2017-06-23 浙江东氟塑料科技有限公司 烟气水换热器及其清洗方法

Family Cites Families (11)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2348601A (en) * 1941-12-17 1944-05-09 Kellogg M W Co Heat exchanger
GB911847A (en) * 1960-04-06 1962-11-28 North Thames Gas Board Improvements relating to the vaporisation of liquefied methane
FR1393641A (fr) * 1963-03-14 1965-03-26 Brown Fintube Co Procédé et appareil pour convertir les liquides en gaz
FR2096919B1 (de) * 1970-07-16 1974-09-06 Air Liquide
DE2052154A1 (en) * 1970-10-23 1972-04-27 Linde Ag, 6200 Wiesbaden Low temp gas evaporator - with low conductivity tube facing to prevent frosting
JPS5427788B2 (de) * 1971-08-28 1979-09-12
FR2353035A1 (fr) * 1976-05-26 1977-12-23 Commissariat Energie Atomique Echangeur de chaleur a tubes souples verticaux du type a descendage
JPS52144006A (en) * 1976-05-27 1977-12-01 Osaka Gas Co Ltd Vaporizer for liquefied natural gas
JPS5924317B2 (ja) * 1977-06-20 1984-06-08 大阪瓦斯株式会社 液化天然ガス気化器
JPS54101539A (en) 1978-01-27 1979-08-10 Kobe Steel Ltd Heat exchange pipe for use with water-sprinkling type, panel-shaped, liquefied natural gas evaporator and combination of such pipes and their manufacturing method
US4226605A (en) * 1978-10-23 1980-10-07 Airco, Inc. Flameless vaporizer

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Advances in Instrumentation, Vol. 33, part 4, 1978 Pittsburgh, USA T.J. HANNA: "Operating Experiences with Running Film and Steamtype Vaporizers", pages 43-54. *
PATENTS ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, Vol. 2, No. 41, 17 Mars 1978, page 4728 C 77; & JP-A-52 144 006, (Osaka Gas) (01-12-1977) * Extrait en Entier: figure 3, de la Demande de Brevet * *
PATENTS ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, Vol. 3, No. 32, 17 Mars 1979, page 89 c 40; & JP-A-54 007 403, (Osaka Gas) (20-01-1979) *

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0450906A1 (de) * 1990-03-30 1991-10-09 Tokyo Gas Company Limited Wärmeaustauscher vom Doppelwandrohrtyp
WO2008012286A1 (en) * 2006-07-25 2008-01-31 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Method and apparatus for vaporizing a liquid stream
US9951906B2 (en) 2012-06-12 2018-04-24 Shell Oil Company Apparatus and method for heating a liquefied stream
EP3710743A4 (de) * 2017-11-15 2021-08-18 Taylor-Wharton Malaysia Sdn. Bhd Kryogener flüssigkeitsverdampfer
US11371655B2 (en) 2017-11-15 2022-06-28 Taylor-Wharton Malaysia Sdn. Bhd. Cryogenic fluid vaporizer

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS56137084A (en) 1981-10-26
PT72581B (fr) 1982-03-11
JPH042876B2 (de) 1992-01-21
AU6763281A (en) 1981-09-03
DE3171087D1 (en) 1985-08-01
US4343156A (en) 1982-08-10
PT72581A (fr) 1981-03-01
AU533661B2 (en) 1983-12-01
ES499734A0 (es) 1981-12-01
EP0035444B1 (de) 1985-06-26
CA1154432A (fr) 1983-09-27
ES8201302A1 (es) 1981-12-01
FR2477276A1 (fr) 1981-09-04
FR2477276B1 (de) 1982-07-30

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