EP0035131B1 - Gas developing metal electrode for electrochemical processes - Google Patents
Gas developing metal electrode for electrochemical processes Download PDFInfo
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- EP0035131B1 EP0035131B1 EP81100858A EP81100858A EP0035131B1 EP 0035131 B1 EP0035131 B1 EP 0035131B1 EP 81100858 A EP81100858 A EP 81100858A EP 81100858 A EP81100858 A EP 81100858A EP 0035131 B1 EP0035131 B1 EP 0035131B1
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- rods
- rectangle
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- anode
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 229910000497 Amalgam Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/02—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form
Definitions
- the invention relates to a gas-developing metal electrode for electrochemical processes, in particular coated titanium anode for amalgam cells, consisting of rods arranged in a horizontal plane at a distance from one another and parallel to one another, the surfaces of which form the working surface of the electrode and which have a cross section, the extent of which is vertical to the plane is larger than parallel to it.
- Gas-evolving, horizontally arranged metal electrodes usually the anode, to which a counter electrode, also horizontally arranged, and the cathode, is arranged, must meet several criteria.
- the first criterion is the requirement to remove the gas developed at the anode as quickly as possible.
- the anode must have a free area in the horizontal arrangement plane, ie interruptions or the like, through which the gas developing on the underside of the anode can escape upwards.
- This free area of the anode should be as large as possible. Based on experience, this free area should be 2: approx. 33% of the projected area of the anode, which is formed by the length times the width of the area occupied by the anode in the horizontal plane.
- edges such as. B. rectangular or triangular profiles
- the second criterion is therefore the measure to use a bar profile that has no sharp edges. Taking this condition into account, too, one has switched to bars with a circular cross section.
- the proportion of the area of the anode that runs parallel to the cathode should be as small as possible so that the free area for discharging the gas is as large as possible, a proportion of the working area must extend perpendicular to the plane of the anode. Based on experience, the difference between the closest and furthest point of the working surface with respect to the cathode should be a maximum of 2.0 mm. In this area, therefore, the coating on the carrier, i. H. the rods or the like may be applied.
- Another criterion is that the proportion of the working area of the anode, which from the point of view of the cathode lies in the current shadow, should be as small as possible.
- the radius of the round bars must be taken into account as a further limit value for the portion of the working surface which runs perpendicular to the anode plane.
- GB-A-1 068 992, Fig. 4b shows a relevant anode made of U-shaped profile plates.
- this anode is based on the task of improving the gas removal due to the largest possible free area, it is necessary to arrange the profile plates relatively close to one another in order to achieve a high current density, because the cross section of the individual profile plates is relatively small due to the desired small width , whereby the gas removal is deteriorated again.
- rods each have a full cross section with the shape of an oval, which is composed of a rectangle, the broad side of which runs parallel to the plane, and two segments, whose chord length corresponds to the broad side of the rectangle and which each connect with a chord to a broad side of the rectangle.
- the inventive design of the rods with a cross section in the manner of an oval ensures an increase in the distance between the individual rods and thus an increase in the free area of the anode with the result of an improved discharge of the gas generated at the anode during operation compared to anodes with round rods.
- the anode according to the invention is therefore particularly suitable for amalgam cells working with relatively high currents and thus high current densities, since the gas evolution which is likewise increased at increased current densities can be controlled.
- the proportion of the working surface running perpendicular to the arrangement plane of the rods is simultaneously increased in comparison with the round rods, and the proportion of the working surface lying in the current shadow from the point of view of the cathode is also reduced.
- the design of the rods according to the invention has the advantage that they have no edges of this type which cause increased wear on the coating.
- the cross section according to the invention can be easily, starting from a round material, for. B. by a drawing or rolling process.
- the segment of the cross section of the bars is a circular segment.
- the round material only has to be flattened on two opposite sides.
- the metal electrode according to the invention consists of rods 1 arranged in a horizontal plane at a distance from one another and parallel to one another. These rods 1 are connected both mechanically and electrically to current supply rails 2 which are spaced apart and parallel to one another and perpendicular to the bars are arranged on the top.
- the power supply rails 2 are either directly or via cross rails 3 with a power supply bolt 4 electrically conductive and optionally also mechanically connected.
- the cross-section of the rods 1 and their arrangement in the horizontal arrangement plane best result from FIG. 2.
- the cross-section of the rods 1 consists of a rectangle 1a, the height h R of which is perpendicular to the arrangement plane of the rods, and two segments 1b composed, whose chord corresponds to the width of the rectangle and which join with their chord on the respective broad side of the rectangle 1a.
- the segments 1b are preferably circular segments with a radius r.
- the rods 1 have a rod width s and are arranged at a distance of a gap width sp from one another.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine gasentwickelnde Metallelektrode für elektrochemische Prozesse, insbesondere beschichtete Titananode für Amalgam-Zellen, bestehend aus in einer horizontalen Ebene im Abstand voneinander und parallel zueinander angeordneten Stäben, deren Oberflächen die arbeitende Fläche der Elektrode bilden und die einen Querschnitt haben, dessen Erstreckung senkrecht zur Ebene größer ist als parallel dazu.The invention relates to a gas-developing metal electrode for electrochemical processes, in particular coated titanium anode for amalgam cells, consisting of rods arranged in a horizontal plane at a distance from one another and parallel to one another, the surfaces of which form the working surface of the electrode and which have a cross section, the extent of which is vertical to the plane is larger than parallel to it.
Gasentwickelnde, horizontal angeordnete Metallelektroden, im Regelfall die Anode, der eine ebenfalls horizontal angeordnete Gegenelektrode, im Regelfall die Kathode, gegengeordnet ist, müssen mehrere Kriterien erfüllen.Gas-evolving, horizontally arranged metal electrodes, usually the anode, to which a counter electrode, also horizontally arranged, and the cathode, is arranged, must meet several criteria.
Das erste Kriterium besteht in dem Erfordernis, möglichst schnell das an der Anode entwickelte Gas abzuführen. Hierfür muß die Anode eine in der horizontalen Anordnungsebene befindliche freie Fläche, d. h. Unterbrechungen oder dergleichen, besitzen, durch die das an der Unterseite der Anode sich entwickelnde Gas nach oben hin entweichen kann. Diese freie Fläche der Anode soll möglichst groß sein. Nach Erfahrungswerten soll diese freie Fläche 2: ca. 33% der projizierten Fläche der Anode, die gebildet ist durch die Länge mal der Breite der von der Anode in der horizontalen Ebene eingenommenen Fläche, sein. Nachdem die bei Lochblechen, Streckmetallgittern oder dergleichen erzielbaren Durchbrechungen, die die freie Fläche bilden, durch die das Gas abgeführt werden kann, ungenügend für diesen Zweck sind, ist man zu im Abstand voneinander und parallel zueinander angeordneten Stäben übergegangen, deren Oberfläche die arbeitende Fläche der Elektrode bilden.The first criterion is the requirement to remove the gas developed at the anode as quickly as possible. For this purpose, the anode must have a free area in the horizontal arrangement plane, ie interruptions or the like, through which the gas developing on the underside of the anode can escape upwards. This free area of the anode should be as large as possible. Based on experience, this free area should be 2: approx. 33% of the projected area of the anode, which is formed by the length times the width of the area occupied by the anode in the horizontal plane. Since the perforations which can be achieved with perforated sheets, expanded metal grids or the like and which form the free area through which the gas can be discharged are insufficient for this purpose, the transition has been made to bars which are arranged at a distance from one another and parallel to one another and whose surface is the working area of the Form the electrode.
Bei Stäben mit Kanten aufweisenden Profilen, wie z. B. Rechteck- oder Dreieckprofilen, wurde gefunden, daß an den Kanten ein erhöhter Verschleiß der Beschichtung der Stäbe auftrat. Als zweites Kriterium ist deshalb die Maßnahme anzusehen, ein Stabprofil zu verwenden, das keine scharfen Kanten aufweist. Unter Berücksichtigung auch dieser Bedingung ist man zu Stäben mit Kreisquerschnitt übergegangen.For bars with edges, such as. B. rectangular or triangular profiles, it was found that increased wear of the coating of the rods occurred at the edges. The second criterion is therefore the measure to use a bar profile that has no sharp edges. Taking this condition into account, too, one has switched to bars with a circular cross section.
Neben diesen beiden wesentlichen Kriterien müssen noch weitere Bedingungen eingehalten werden.In addition to these two essential criteria, other conditions must also be met.
Eine dieser weiteren Bedingungen besteht darin, daß die arbeitende Fläche der Anode möglichst nahe an der Kathode liegen muß. Je weiter die arbeitende Fläche der Anode von der Kathode entfernt ist, desto größer ist die Zellenspannung und damit der zur Erzeugung des gewünschten Produkts benötigte Energiebedarf. Da die Chloralkalielektrolyse nach dem Amalgamverfahren mit einer Quecksilberkathode arbeitet, die aufgrund dieses Werkstoffes nicht voll formstabil sein kann und bei einem eventuellen Kurzschluß, der durch ein Verformen der Kathode und einer dadurch herbeigeführten Berührung mit der Anode entsteht, aufgrund der bei diesem Verfahren hohen Stromdichten schwere Schäden an der Anode entstehen, wird im wesentlichen mit einem Anoden-Kathoden-Abstand von 3 mm, abhängig von der Stromdichte und von sonstigen Gegebenheiten, wie Überwachungsmöglichkeiten usw., gearbeitet. Da der Anteil der Fläche der Anode, die parallel zur Kathode verläuft, möglichst klein sein soll, damit die freie Fläche zum Abführen des Gases möglichst groß ist, muß sich ein Anteil der arbeitenden Fläche senkrecht zur Ebene der Anode erstrecken. Nach Erfahrungswerten soll die Differenz zwischen dem nahesten und entferntesten Punkt der arbeitenden Fläche in bezug auf die Kathode maximal 2,0 mm betragen. In diesem Bereich muß demnach in erster Linie die Beschichtung auf den Träger, d. h. die Stäbe oder dergleichen, aufgebracht sein.One of these further conditions is that the working surface of the anode must be as close as possible to the cathode. The farther the working surface of the anode is from the cathode, the greater the cell voltage and thus the energy required to produce the desired product. Since the chlor-alkali electrolysis works according to the amalgam process with a mercury cathode, which cannot be fully dimensionally stable due to this material and in the event of a short circuit, which is caused by deformation of the cathode and a resulting contact with the anode, due to the high current densities in this process, heavy Damage to the anode is essentially carried out with an anode-cathode distance of 3 mm, depending on the current density and other circumstances, such as monitoring options, etc. Since the proportion of the area of the anode that runs parallel to the cathode should be as small as possible so that the free area for discharging the gas is as large as possible, a proportion of the working area must extend perpendicular to the plane of the anode. Based on experience, the difference between the closest and furthest point of the working surface with respect to the cathode should be a maximum of 2.0 mm. In this area, therefore, the coating on the carrier, i. H. the rods or the like may be applied.
Ein weiteres Kriterium besteht darin, daß der Anteil der arbeitenden Fläche der Anode, der aus Sicht der Kathode im Stromschatten liegt, möglichst klein sein soll. Hieraus resultiert, daß für den Anteil der arbeitenden Fläche, der senkrecht zur Anodenebene verläuft, neben dem oben erläuterten Grenzwert von 2,0 mm als weiterer Grenzwert der Radius der Rundstäbe berücksichtigt werden muß.Another criterion is that the proportion of the working area of the anode, which from the point of view of the cathode lies in the current shadow, should be as small as possible. The result of this is that, in addition to the limit value of 2.0 mm explained above, the radius of the round bars must be taken into account as a further limit value for the portion of the working surface which runs perpendicular to the anode plane.
Ferner ist zu bedenken, daß der Verschleiß der Beschichtung bzw. des Coatings auch sehr stark von der wahren Stromdichte abhängt. Es ist deshalb erforderlich, für eine durch die Zellenabmessungen vorgegebene Kathodenfläche eine möglichst große arbeitende Anodenfläche zu erhalten. Die sogenannte projizierte Anodenfläche ist durch die Anodenlänge und -breite gegeben. Sie ist in den meisten Fällen anwenderseitig vorgegeben und daher nur wenig beeinflußbar. Die projizierte Fläche sagt aber nur sehr wenig über die Größe der arbeitenden Fläche der Anode und damit über die wahre Stromdichte aus. Anzustreben ist jedoch auf jeden Fall ein Verhältnis von arbeitender Fläche FA zu projizierter Fläche F>:1.It should also be borne in mind that the wear on the coating or coating also depends very much on the true current density. It is therefore necessary to obtain the largest possible working anode area for a cathode area predetermined by the cell dimensions. The so-called projected anode area is given by the anode length and width. In most cases it is specified by the user and can therefore only be influenced to a limited extent. However, the projected area says very little about the size of the working area of the anode and thus about the true current density. In any case, a ratio of working area F A to projected area F>: 1 should be aimed for.
Die bekannten Metallelektroden bzw. Anoden der angesprochenen Art erfüllen die herausgearbeiteten Kriterien nur teilweise.The known metal electrodes or anodes of the type mentioned only partially meet the criteria elaborated.
Bei den bekannten Anoden mit Rundstäben ist zwar im Gegensatz zu Stäben mit Kanten aufweisenden Profilen ein vorzeitiger Verschleiß des Coatings vermieden, jedoch weisen die Rundstäbe die Nachteile auf, daß der im wesentlichen senkrecht zur Anodenebene bzw. parallel zur Hauptfließrichtung des elektrischen Stroms liegende Anteil der arbeitenden Fläche der Anode relativ klein, hingegen der aus Sicht der Kathode im Stromschatten liegende und damit nicht oder nicht voll ausgenutzte Anteil der arbeitenden Fläche der Anode relativ groß ist und darüber hinaus das Verhältnis zwischen freier und projizierter Fläche der Anode ungünstig ist mit der Folge einer ungenügenden Abfuhr des entwickelten Gases.In the known anodes with round rods, in contrast to rods with profiles with edges, premature wear of the coating is avoided, but the round rods have the disadvantages that the proportion of the workers which is essentially perpendicular to the anode plane or parallel to the main flow direction of the electrical current The area of the anode is relatively small, whereas the part of the working area of the anode that is in the current shadow from the cathode's point of view and therefore not or not fully used is relatively large and, moreover, the ratio between the free and projected area of the anode is unfavorable, with the consequence of an insufficient Evacuation of the developed gas.
Bei den bekannten Elektroden bzw. Anoden der vorausgesetzten Art, bei denen die Stäbe einen Rechteckquerschnitt haben, dessen senkrecht zur Anordnungsebene der Stäbe verlaufende Höhe größer ist als die parallel zu dieser Ebene gerichtete Breite, weisen in erster Linie den Nachteil auf, daß an den Kanten die Beschichtung schnell verschleißt und damit die Lebensdauer derartiger Elektroden gering ist.In the known electrodes or anodes of the assumed type, in which the rods are one Rectangular cross-section, the height of which runs perpendicular to the arrangement plane of the rods is greater than the width directed parallel to this plane, has the primary disadvantage that the coating wears quickly at the edges and the life of such electrodes is therefore short.
Die GB-A-1 068 992, Fig. 4b, zeigt eine einschlägige Anode aus U-förmigen Profilplatten. Zwar liegt dieser Anode die Aufgabe zugrunde, aufgrund einer möglichst großen freien Fläche die Gasabfuhr zu verbessern, jedoch ist es zur Erzielung einer hohen Stromdichte erforderlich, die Profilplatten relativ nahe zueinander anzuordnen, weil der Querschnitt der einzelnen Profilplatten aufgrund der angestrebten geringen Breite relativ klein ist, wodurch die Gasabfuhr wieder verschlechtert wird. Demgegenüber ist es Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine Elektrode der vorausgesetzten Art dahingehend weiterzubilden, daß sie die geschilderten Bedingungen besser erfüllt als die bekannten Anordnungen und trotzdem einfach und billig herstellbar ist.GB-A-1 068 992, Fig. 4b, shows a relevant anode made of U-shaped profile plates. Although this anode is based on the task of improving the gas removal due to the largest possible free area, it is necessary to arrange the profile plates relatively close to one another in order to achieve a high current density, because the cross section of the individual profile plates is relatively small due to the desired small width , whereby the gas removal is deteriorated again. In contrast, it is an object of the invention to further develop an electrode of the presupposed type in such a way that it fulfills the described conditions better than the known arrangements and is nevertheless simple and inexpensive to produce.
Diese Aufgabe wird bei einer Metallelektrode der im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 vorausgesetzten Art dadurch gelöst, daß die Stäbe jeweils einen Voll-Querschnitt mit der Form eines Ovals aufweisen, der aus einem Rechteck, dessen Breitseite parallel zur Ebene verläuft, und zwei Segmenten zusammengesetzt ist, deren Sehnenlänge der Breitseite des Rechtecks entspricht und die sich jeweils mit ihrer Sehne an einer Breitseite des Rechtecks anschließen.This object is achieved in a metal electrode of the type required in the preamble of claim 1 in that the rods each have a full cross section with the shape of an oval, which is composed of a rectangle, the broad side of which runs parallel to the plane, and two segments, whose chord length corresponds to the broad side of the rectangle and which each connect with a chord to a broad side of the rectangle.
Die erfindungsgemäße Ausbildung der Stäbe mit einem Querschnitt in Art eines Ovals gewährleistet eine Vergrößerung des Abstandes zwischen den einzelnen Stäben und damit eine Vergrößerung der freien Fläche der Anode mit der Folge einer gegenüber Anoden mit Rundstäben verbesserten Ableitung des an der Anode während des Betriebs erzeugten Gases. Die erfindungsgemäße Anode ist deshalb speziell für mit relativ hohen Strömen arbeitenden Amalgam-Zellen und damit hohen Stromdichten geeignet, da die bei erhöhten Stromdichten ebenfalls vergrößerte Gasentwicklung beherrschbar wird.The inventive design of the rods with a cross section in the manner of an oval ensures an increase in the distance between the individual rods and thus an increase in the free area of the anode with the result of an improved discharge of the gas generated at the anode during operation compared to anodes with round rods. The anode according to the invention is therefore particularly suitable for amalgam cells working with relatively high currents and thus high current densities, since the gas evolution which is likewise increased at increased current densities can be controlled.
Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung ist gegenüber den Rundstäben zugleich der senkrecht zur Anordnungsebene der Stäbe verlaufende Anteil der arbeitenden Fläche erhöht und ferner der aus der Sicht der Kathode im Stromschatten liegende Anteil der arbeitenden Fläche verkleinert.In the arrangement according to the invention, the proportion of the working surface running perpendicular to the arrangement plane of the rods is simultaneously increased in comparison with the round rods, and the proportion of the working surface lying in the current shadow from the point of view of the cathode is also reduced.
Gegenüber den Stäben mit rechteckigem Querschnitt aufweisenden Elektroden weist die erfindungsgemäße Ausbildung der Stäbe den Vorteil auf, daß diese keine derartigen Kanten besitzen, die einen erhöhten Verschleiß der Beschichtung bedingen.Compared to electrodes with a rectangular cross-section, the design of the rods according to the invention has the advantage that they have no edges of this type which cause increased wear on the coating.
Der erfindungsgemäße Querschnitt läßt sich einfach, ausgehend von einem Rundmaterial, z. B. durch einen Zieh- oder Walzvorgang, erzeugen.The cross section according to the invention can be easily, starting from a round material, for. B. by a drawing or rolling process.
Zweckmäßige Weiterbildungen des Erfindungsgegenstandes ergeben sich aus den übrigen Ansprüchen.Appropriate developments of the subject matter of the invention result from the remaining claims.
So ergibt sich eine besonders einfache Herstellbarkeit des erfindungsgemäßen Profils dann, wenn das Segment des Querschnitts der Stäbe ein Kreissegment ist. In diesem Fall muß nämlich das Rundmaterial nur an zwei gegenüberliegenden Seiten abgeplattet werden.This results in a particularly simple manufacture of the profile according to the invention if the segment of the cross section of the bars is a circular segment. In this case, the round material only has to be flattened on two opposite sides.
Erfahrungen haben gezeigt, daß für das erfindungsgemäße Ovalprofil folgende Bemessungsgrenzen von Vorteil sind:
- - Höhe hR des Rechtecks des Querschnitts > 1,0 mm
- - Breite s des
Stabs 3,00 mm 5 s < 5,55 mm - - Radius r des Kreissegments 1,62 mm < r <_ 5,55 mm
- - Height h R of the cross-sectional rectangle> 1.0 mm
- - Width s of the rod 3.00 mm 5 s <5.55 mm
- - Radius r of the circle segment 1.62 mm <r <_ 5.55 mm
Ein besonders augenscheinlicher Vergleich der Bemessungsregeln zwischen Rundstäben und Stäben mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Profil ergibt sich aus der folgenden Tabelle:
Wie sich aus der obigen Gegenüberstellung ergibt, bietet das erfindungsgemäße Profil gegenüber den bekannten Elektrodenanordnungen, insbesondere mit Rundstäben, in den für den Elektrolysebetrieb entscheidenden Kriterien betreffend den Flächenfaktor, die freie Fläche und die Spaltbreite wesentliche Vorteile.
- Ein Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Profils ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt. Es zeigt:
- Fig. 1 eine perspektivische Darstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Anode und
- Fig. 2 die Einzelheit X gemäß Fig. 1.
- An embodiment of the profile according to the invention is shown in the drawing. It shows:
- Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the anode according to the invention and
- 2 shows the detail X according to FIG. 1.
Wie sich aus Fig. 1 ergibt, besteht die erfindungsgemäße Metallelektrode aus in einer horizontalen Ebene im Abstand voneinander und parallel zueinander angeordneten Stäben 1. Diese Stäbe 1 sind sowohl mechanisch als auch elektrisch mit Stromzuleitungsschienen 2 verbunden, die im Abstand und parallel zueinander und senkrecht zu den Stäben auf deren Oberseite angeordnet sind. Die Stromzuleitungsschienen 2 sind entweder unmittelbar oder über Kreuzschienen 3 mit einem Stromzuleitungsbolzen 4 elektrisch leitend und gegebenenfalls auch mechanisch verbunden.1, the metal electrode according to the invention consists of rods 1 arranged in a horizontal plane at a distance from one another and parallel to one another. These rods 1 are connected both mechanically and electrically to
Der Querschnitt der Stäbe 1 und deren Anordnung in der horizontalen Anordnungsebene ergeben sich am besten aus der Fig. 2. Danach ist der Querschnitt der Stäbe 1 aus einem Rechteck 1a, dessen Höhe hR senkrecht zur Anordnungsebene der Stäbe verläuft, und zwei Segmenten 1 b zusammengesetzt, deren Sehne der Breite des Rechtecks entspricht und die sich mit ihrer Sehne an der jeweiligen Breitseite des Rechtecks 1a anschließen. Die Segmente 1b sind bevorzugt Kreissegmente mit einem Radius r.The cross-section of the rods 1 and their arrangement in the horizontal arrangement plane best result from FIG. 2. Thereafter, the cross-section of the rods 1 consists of a
Wie sich ferner aus der Fig. 2 ergibt, weisen die Stäbe 1 eine Stabbreite s auf und sind im Abstand einer Spaltbreite sp zueinander angeordnet.As can further be seen from FIG. 2, the rods 1 have a rod width s and are arranged at a distance of a gap width sp from one another.
Claims (5)
- A gas-generating metal electrode for electrochemical processes, in particular a coated titanium anode for amalgam cells, consisting of rods arranged in one horizontal plane in spaced and parallel relationship to each other, the surfaces of which rods form the working face of the electrode and have a cross-section whose dimension at right angles to the plane is greater than that parallel thereto, characterized in that the rods (1) each have a solid cross-section of oval shape, which consists of a rectangle (1 a), whose long side extends parallel to the plane, and of two segments (1 b), the length of whose chord corresponds to the long side of the rectangle (1 a), the chord of each segment adjoining a long side of the rectangle (1a).
- 2. An electrode according to Claim 1, characterized in that the segment (1 b) is a segment of a circle.
- 3. An electrode according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the vertical dimension (hR) of the rectangle at right angles to the plane is at least 1.0 mm.
- 4. An electrode according to any one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the long side s of the rod is 3.00 mm < s < 5.55 mm.
- 5. An electrode according to any one of Claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the radius r of the segment of a circle is 1.62 mm 5 r < 5.55 mm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT81100858T ATE13912T1 (en) | 1980-03-03 | 1981-02-06 | GAS EVOLVING METAL ELECTRODE FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESSES. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3008116 | 1980-03-03 | ||
| DE19803008116 DE3008116A1 (en) | 1980-03-03 | 1980-03-03 | GAS-DEVELOPING METAL ELECTRODE FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESSES |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0035131A1 EP0035131A1 (en) | 1981-09-09 |
| EP0035131B1 true EP0035131B1 (en) | 1985-06-19 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP81100858A Expired EP0035131B1 (en) | 1980-03-03 | 1981-02-06 | Gas developing metal electrode for electrochemical processes |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4379742A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0035131B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS6045277B2 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE13912T1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3008116A1 (en) |
| SG (1) | SG73685G (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3345530A1 (en) * | 1983-07-13 | 1985-06-27 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | GAS-DEVELOPING METAL ELECTRODE FOR ELECTROLYSIS CELLS |
| DE3406777C2 (en) * | 1984-02-24 | 1985-12-19 | Conradty GmbH & Co Metallelektroden KG, 8505 Röthenbach | Coated valve metal anode for the electrolytic extraction of metals or metal oxides |
| DE3626206A1 (en) * | 1986-08-01 | 1988-02-04 | Conradty Metallelek | POWER SUPPLY FOR ELECTRODES |
| US5087344A (en) * | 1990-09-26 | 1992-02-11 | Heraeus Elektroden Gmbh | Electrolysis cell for gas-evolving electrolytic processes |
| DE4419277C2 (en) * | 1994-06-01 | 1998-07-02 | Heraeus Elektrochemie | Electrolytic cell electrode |
| US5849164A (en) * | 1996-06-27 | 1998-12-15 | Eltech Systems Corporation | Cell with blade electrodes and recirculation chamber |
| ATE382722T1 (en) * | 2001-07-13 | 2008-01-15 | Moltech Invent Sa | ANODES STRUCTURES BASED ON ALLOYS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ALUMINUM |
| WO2006108268A1 (en) * | 2005-04-15 | 2006-10-19 | Innovative Hydrogen Solutions Inc. | Electrolytic cell for an internal combustion engine |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3409533A (en) * | 1964-03-23 | 1968-11-05 | Asahi Chemical Ind | Mercury-method cell for alkali chloride electrolysis |
| GB1068992A (en) * | 1964-03-31 | 1967-05-17 | Asahi Chemical Ind | Anode assembly |
| US3507771A (en) * | 1966-09-30 | 1970-04-21 | Hoechst Ag | Metal anode for electrolytic cells |
| DE2135873B2 (en) * | 1971-07-17 | 1980-05-14 | Conradty Gmbh & Co Metallelektroden Kg, 8505 Roethenbach | Cell top for amalgam high-load cells |
| US4022679A (en) * | 1973-05-10 | 1977-05-10 | C. Conradty | Coated titanium anode for amalgam heavy duty cells |
| DE2323497B2 (en) * | 1973-05-10 | 1978-10-12 | C. Conradty Nuernberg Gmbh & Co Kg, 8505 Roethenbach | Coated titanium anode for amalgam high-load cells |
| US4033847A (en) * | 1973-11-05 | 1977-07-05 | Olin Corporation | Metal anode assembly |
| US3953316A (en) * | 1973-11-05 | 1976-04-27 | Olin Corporation | Metal anode assembly |
| DE2721958A1 (en) * | 1977-05-14 | 1978-11-16 | Hoechst Ag | Metal electrode for electrolytic mfr. of chlorine - has metal bars with high conductivity embedded in tubes with low conductivity |
-
1980
- 1980-03-03 DE DE19803008116 patent/DE3008116A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1981
- 1981-02-06 AT AT81100858T patent/ATE13912T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1981-02-06 DE DE8181100858T patent/DE3170971D1/en not_active Expired
- 1981-02-06 EP EP81100858A patent/EP0035131B1/en not_active Expired
- 1981-02-23 US US06/237,279 patent/US4379742A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1981-03-03 JP JP56030427A patent/JPS6045277B2/en not_active Expired
-
1985
- 1985-10-07 SG SG736/85A patent/SG73685G/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US4379742A (en) | 1983-04-12 |
| DE3008116A1 (en) | 1981-09-17 |
| SG73685G (en) | 1986-11-21 |
| EP0035131A1 (en) | 1981-09-09 |
| DE3170971D1 (en) | 1985-07-25 |
| JPS56136986A (en) | 1981-10-26 |
| JPS6045277B2 (en) | 1985-10-08 |
| ATE13912T1 (en) | 1985-07-15 |
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