EP0035078B1 - Procédé pour la fabrication d'échangeurs de chaleur à ailettes - Google Patents
Procédé pour la fabrication d'échangeurs de chaleur à ailettes Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0035078B1 EP0035078B1 EP80300655A EP80300655A EP0035078B1 EP 0035078 B1 EP0035078 B1 EP 0035078B1 EP 80300655 A EP80300655 A EP 80300655A EP 80300655 A EP80300655 A EP 80300655A EP 0035078 B1 EP0035078 B1 EP 0035078B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- plates
- fins
- heat
- fin
- plate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 abstract description 18
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 210000003739 neck Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000000887 face Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004840 adhesive resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006223 adhesive resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002301 combined effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D53/00—Making other particular articles
- B21D53/02—Making other particular articles heat exchangers or parts thereof, e.g. radiators, condensers fins, headers
- B21D53/08—Making other particular articles heat exchangers or parts thereof, e.g. radiators, condensers fins, headers of both metal tubes and sheet metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D53/00—Making other particular articles
- B21D53/02—Making other particular articles heat exchangers or parts thereof, e.g. radiators, condensers fins, headers
- B21D53/04—Making other particular articles heat exchangers or parts thereof, e.g. radiators, condensers fins, headers of sheet metal
- B21D53/045—Making other particular articles heat exchangers or parts thereof, e.g. radiators, condensers fins, headers of sheet metal by inflating partially united plates
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
- F28D1/047—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag
- F28D1/0477—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag the conduits being bent in a serpentine or zig-zag
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
- F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
- F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
- F28F1/34—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending obliquely
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
- F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
- F28F3/025—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being corrugated, plate-like elements
- F28F3/027—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being corrugated, plate-like elements with openings, e.g. louvered corrugated fins; Assemblies of corrugated strips
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2275/00—Fastening; Joining
- F28F2275/02—Fastening; Joining by using bonding materials; by embedding elements in particular materials
- F28F2275/025—Fastening; Joining by using bonding materials; by embedding elements in particular materials by using adhesives
Definitions
- the invention concerns a process for manufacturing finned heat-exchangers.
- One particular application of the process is the fabrication of radiators of internal combustion engines for road vehicles.
- aluminium would be a desirable material to use owing to its relative cheapness and good thermal conductivity but the fabrication of finned heat exchangers made of aluminium has proved problematic. Thin aluminium plates are difficult to spot weld without causing electrode burns while the use of adhesive resins has proved unsatisfactory in motor car radiators because of the exposure of such resin bonds to the combined effect of relatively high temperatures and mechanical loads, such as vibration as well as the formation of so-called heat dams by the resin material, impeding heat transfer.
- GB-A-1,273,141 discloses a heat exchanger in which pairs of pre-formed metal sheets are roll-bonded together to define liquid flow passages (tubes). Corrugated metallic foil strips are then bonded directly with metal-to-metal contact to the outer walls of the liquid flow passages. The thus finned tube is then secured "backto back" to a like finned tube by epoxy resin adhesive bonding between those adjacent end portion of the strip fins which are remote from the tubes.
- This disclosure suffers from the already- mentioned disadvantage flowing from the use of adhesives; moreover, closely spaced fins (“microfins”) cannot be fabricated in this way since conventional pressure rollers required to effect bonding of the strip fins to the liquid carrying tubes are too large to reach the sites of bonding.
- US-A-3,650,005 discloses an improvement in the use of the so-called stop weld technique (itself disclosed in US-A-2,690,002) of fabricating heat exchanger tubes from aluminium sheets, in which, after a pair of sheets carrying a predetermined pattern of stop weld material have been hot-rolled together, the portion which was not bonded together by the effect of the stop weld material is deformed from inside to a tubular form by the use of high-pressure water.
- This disclosure is essentially limited to the formation of the liquid-carrying tubes and does not address itself at all to the problem of securing fins to such tubes.
- US-A-3,712,372 discloses the fabrication of heat exchangers utilising the stop weld technique in combination with a hydraulic "inflation" technique for deforming the non-bonded parts of adjacent sheets into tubular form.
- the tubes are placed in a frame and portions thereof are flattened by special flattening rollers. Thereafter, flat fins are brazed or soldered to these flattened portions. The assembly is then bent into a serpentine form.
- This disclosure complicates the manufacture of finned heat exchanger tubes by requiring special machinery for flattening selected portions of the tubes and by requiring a separate step of brazing or soldering the roots of fins to the tubes while omitting any teaching of how to secure fin tips to an adjacent tube or tube portion.
- the present invention seeks to solve the problems of making finned heat-echangers in which both ends of the fins are to be secured, of enabling fins of widely varying spacing and geometry to be used and of simplifying manufacturing by combining fabrication with pressure testing.
- the heat-exchanger elements are assembled and retained in a frame and the tubular passages are expanded by test-pressings or a separately performed pressing and the directly heat-transmitting surfaces are brought into close adhesive connection.
- the invention breaks with hitherto known technologies and enables the manufacture of strip finned heat-exchanging elements in a completely novel manner by connecting the strip fins with the cooling tubes or cooling passages by a direct bond.
- FIG. 1 there is shown a fragmentary heat exchanger wherein the tubular passages 3 are formed from plates which have been welded together and wherein the strip-shaped fins 1 are fixed thereto by securing together a flat side 2a, 2b of the tubular passage 3 and the outer faces 1a, 1b of the strip fins 1.
- Figure 2 illustrates by an arrow I the direction of flow of the heating or cooling medium while the arrow designated by II indicates the direction of flow of air.
- the tubular passages 3 it is expedient to place one of the welding electrodes 5 which is provided with a water channel and which is therefore water-cooled, inside the full length of the tubular passage 3.
- the welding electrode 5 then not only serves to weld the fins 1 to the tubular passages 3 but also serves to ensure that the tubular passage does not collapse during the formation and welding of the strip-like fins.
- the electrode 5 may be removed.
- Figure 3 shows the welding seam 4 at the root of the fin 1. This particular solution can only be used for U-shaped tubular passages.
- FIG. 5 shows an embodiment wherein thin strip-fins 1 are connected to the surface of the plate 2 at several locations.
- the connection between the fins and the plates may according to Figure 6 be effected by ultra-sonic welding or, as shown in Figure 7, where the material of the strip fins is thicker, and the pitch of the fins is smaller, by spot welding. This is also shown in Figure 8.
- Figure 9 shows a forced-flow heat-exchanger portion wherein the strip fins 1, the welded sheets 2 and tubular passages 3 are connected in series and in parallel in accordance with the well-known criteria of heat-transfer technology.
- the outer faces 1a of the strip fins 1 are welded at locations 4a to plates disposed at the edges of tubular passages and between such passages.
- the plurality of fin rows welded to the plate 2 form a finned heat exchanger element.
- Several completed heat exchanger elements may be assembled together by offsetting one of the rows with the aid of the strip fins and placing it on the adjacent row while the third row is aligned with the first row of such elements. From the point of view of manufacturing technology, it is expedient to form one inlet and one outlet. In this way, each individual heat-exchanging element in effect forms a closed system with only a minimal risk of faults and leaks.
- the heat-exchanger elements to be assembled together are of one piece.
- the diagram or plan of the individual or tubular passages of the heat exchangers together with their connecting ducts, are continuously applied to the plates 2, with a suitable offset, and then after rolling, expanding and finning, the individual heat-exchangers are bent forwards and backwards and laid upon each other.
- the heat-exchanger formed in this way is thereafter processed or handled as described above.
- the figure does not show the inlets and outlets which can be formed in any suitable manner by welding a cylindrical tube into the tubular passages 3.
- Another expedient solution may lie in welding-in or closing the outlet opening of the tubular passages, and by resistance welding or inductance welding connecting eyes are welded at the appropriate locations of the tubular passages of the sheet 2. These eyes are then suitable for making further connections.
- This solution is particulary advantageous where the sheet 2 is made from aluminium.
- the heat-exchanger held in a frame is subjected to pressure tests.
- the pressure test is of course a compulsory matter for all heat-exchangers.
- the pressure test is not only a safety and reliability check but at the same time also forms the final or finishing technological phase of the assembly.
- the tubular passages inevitably undergo a certain deformation and extension in the direction of the strip fins. This extension is sufficient to ensure that due to any manufacturing or assembling inaccuracies, any loose heat exchanging elements should be tensioned or come into tight engagement with a frame or with each other. In this way it can be ensured that the flat faces 2a of the tubular passages 3 should tightly engage the outer faces 1a of the strip fins 1 whereby to form a metallic contact therebetween which is suitable for good metallic heat transfer.
- FIGS 10 to 12 illustrate a heat exchanger in the form of a motor vehicle radiator core.
- the principle of construction of the strip fins 1 and the tubular passages 3, that is to say the basic characteristic of the heat-exchanger elements, is identical with the heat-exchangers shown in the above-described embodiments, although of course the constructional configuration and the heat flow connections are different.
- the water chamber of the radiator core in the illustrated embodiment is of the twin-chamber type.
- a double layer baffle plate 11 separates the hot water chamber 10a from the cooled or cold water chamber 10b.
- Each individual cooling element 6 is connected by way of a tubular neck 12 to the water chamber 10 whereby to form a double passage 12a and 12b.
- the water to be cooled flows through passage 12a into the cooling element 6. It then flows through the two tubular passages 3a, turns as it flows through tubular passage 3b flows back through the cooling passages 3c and having cooled down, discharges through the passage 12b into the cooled or cold water chamber 10b.
- the mutually superposed cooling elements 6 are connected in parallel in accordance with the foregoing flow scheme.
- the motor vehicle radiator described in the preceding paragraphs differs from hitherto known constructions.
- the new construction has numerous advantages, for instance it is not necessary to solder a large number of pipes to the tube wall.
- each tube is associated with two soldering operations for soldering into the tubular wall, while in the present invention one tube wall connection is associated with four tubular passages.
- the tube wall 13 is expediently produced by deep-drawing, so that is should be unitary with the sides of the water chamber 13a. In this way a very simple water chamber configuration can be achieved because its one open side may be closed simply by a rimmed cover 14 which bears against the sides 14a of the water chamber 13a and is matched thereto.
- the cooling elements 5 are superposed in the distribution according to the drawing and are placed in the frame 15a.
- the connection openings 13c of the tubular wall 13 are aligned with the tube necks 12 onto which on assembly the tube walls 13 are fitted.
- the tube wall 13 is fixed to the shoulders 15b of the frame 15a by spot-welding or line-welding.
- the tube necks 12 are connected in a leakproof manner e.g. by brazing or by another expediently chosen method of welding, to the tube wall 13.
- fusion adhesive bonding In the case where one utilises plate materials which are so thin that a high quality weld cannot be used at all, then it is expedient to use fusion adhesive bonding. This insulation is of neutral effect on heat transfer because it is in contact with only one side of the water chamber.
- the cooling at the airside of the adhesive material disposed between the tube neck 12 and the opening 13c is also ensured because the air stream is at all times in contact with the surface 13b.
- arrows I indicate the path of the coolant water while the arrows 11 indicate the direction of flow of the cooling air.
- Figure 13 illustrates a complex industrial condenser or water cooler.
- the strip fins 1 are disposed on the tubular passages 3 in agreement with the embodiment already shown in Figures 1 and 2 above but its plate 2 has more tubular passages 3.
- the drawing does not show the end construction of the cooling elements 6 which may at one end be e.g. open with the tubular passages 3 coupled into the tubular wall while at its other element, it may e.g. be flattened and open as for instance is shown in Figures 10, 11, and 12 with regard to the tubular neck 12 of the motor vehicle radiator.
- a slit fin 30 wherein before bending and welding a cutter cuts the strip at several places intermittently to produce openings or slits 30a.
- FIG. 31 Another manner of construction is shown by the cut-away strip fin 31.
- appropriately sized strips are cut intermittently at several loctions from the basic strip, to produce openings 31a.
- the slit strip-fin 30 and the cut-away strip-fin 31 represent embodiments which for certain heat exchangers can produce a greater air side heat transfer. It is an advantage of this embodiment that the transmission tool can be operated synchronously with the fin forming apparatus so that this part operation does not require a separate working phase.
- the embodiment shown in Figure 13 makes it possible to manufacture in a particularly simple manner the very large air coolers used in power stations, in the chemical industry etc. because the elements may be made in accordance with the technical requirements in any arbitrary length and width and can be finished to the required size.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Strip Materials And Filament Materials (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
Claims (3)
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE8080300655T DE3072155D1 (en) | 1980-03-05 | 1980-03-05 | Process for manufacturing finned heat-exchangers |
EP80300655A EP0035078B1 (fr) | 1980-03-05 | 1980-03-05 | Procédé pour la fabrication d'échangeurs de chaleur à ailettes |
AT80300655T ATE43709T1 (de) | 1980-03-05 | 1980-03-05 | Verfahren zur herstellung von gerippten waermetauschern. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP80300655A EP0035078B1 (fr) | 1980-03-05 | 1980-03-05 | Procédé pour la fabrication d'échangeurs de chaleur à ailettes |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0035078A2 EP0035078A2 (fr) | 1981-09-09 |
EP0035078A3 EP0035078A3 (en) | 1982-06-09 |
EP0035078B1 true EP0035078B1 (fr) | 1989-05-31 |
Family
ID=8187117
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP80300655A Expired EP0035078B1 (fr) | 1980-03-05 | 1980-03-05 | Procédé pour la fabrication d'échangeurs de chaleur à ailettes |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0035078B1 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE43709T1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE3072155D1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103128519B (zh) * | 2013-03-14 | 2015-05-27 | 上海交通大学 | 微通道换热器制造方法和装置 |
CN103486772A (zh) * | 2013-06-04 | 2014-01-01 | 浙江三可热交换系统有限公司 | 一种地铁列车空调微通道换热器的生产方法 |
CN111136194B (zh) * | 2020-01-17 | 2024-07-26 | 东莞市合辉精密机械设备有限公司 | 铜片贴网机 |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB810876A (en) * | 1956-08-10 | 1959-03-25 | Crompton Parkinson Ltd | Improvements relating to electric arc welding of studs and similar bodies |
FR1359712A (fr) * | 1963-02-05 | 1964-04-30 | Runtal Holding Co Sa | Procédé et dispositif pour assembler les pièces d'un radiateur par soudage |
GB1132526A (en) * | 1966-04-15 | 1968-11-06 | Inst Elektroswarki Patona | Machine for making heat-exchange surfaces |
GB1273141A (en) * | 1968-02-13 | 1972-05-03 | Glacier Co Ltd | Heat exchanger and method of making it |
US3650005A (en) * | 1970-03-19 | 1972-03-21 | Showa Aluminium Co Ltd | Method for producing tube in sheets |
US3712372A (en) * | 1971-03-01 | 1973-01-23 | Oilin Corp | Method and apparatus for deforming a flat on parts of metal strip-type tubing while leaving other parts undeformed |
US3764774A (en) * | 1972-07-13 | 1973-10-09 | R Boose | I-type segmented finned tube and its method of manufacture |
US4224984A (en) * | 1974-03-20 | 1980-09-30 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Finned tube useful for heat exchangers |
FR2354160A1 (fr) * | 1976-06-08 | 1978-01-06 | Chausson Usines Sa | Procede pour la fabrication de sous-ensembles d'echangeurs de chaleur et echangeur en resultant |
-
1980
- 1980-03-05 EP EP80300655A patent/EP0035078B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1980-03-05 AT AT80300655T patent/ATE43709T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-03-05 DE DE8080300655T patent/DE3072155D1/de not_active Expired
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE3072155D1 (en) | 1989-07-06 |
EP0035078A2 (fr) | 1981-09-09 |
EP0035078A3 (en) | 1982-06-09 |
ATE43709T1 (de) | 1989-06-15 |
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