Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
  • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
  • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
  • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
  • H04R1/225—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only  for telephonic receivers

Definitions

• the invention relates to a headphone, the ear cups contain at least one electroacoustic transducer according to the orthodynamic principle, the low-mass membrane has at least the area expansion of an average human ear cup and the coupling space of each ear cup is largely reflection-free.
• Headphones of the type described above are equipped with an ear cushion which, in the position of use of the listener, closes the coupling space tightly to the outside, in contrast to headphones with moving coil systems, in which apart from the tight connection, the so-called open type is also common.
• a headphone with orthodynamic converter systems the membranes of which are designed to be as low as possible, e.g. by using a polyester film of 6 ⁇ thickness, which is provided over its entire surface with an aluminum conductor strip, likewise 6 ⁇ m thick, the membrane surface corresponding at least to that of an average human ear cup, with a tightly sealed one
• the restoring force of the air enclosed in the coupling space increases the membrane resonance to 1500 to 4000 Hz, regardless of the basic resonance of the membrane, which can be placed in the range between 70 and 250 Hz even with all-round storage.
• the membrane is elastically inhibited in the range from 0 to 1500 or 4000 Hz and at constant, frequency-independent driving force oscillates with constant amplitude, which results in a constant pressure in the closed coupling space.
• the amplitude drops with u /, the membrane emitting directional sound waves due to its expansion, which again results in a linear frequency response of the headphones.
• the linear frequency response is therefore linked to the condition that the membrane mass is very low, the basic resonance of the membrane is very low and the restoring force of the dense coupling space is high.
• the invention has set itself the task of avoiding the disadvantages of the headphones with an orthodynamically driven membrane, which have previously only been operated with a tight seal of the coupling space in the position of use, by dispensing with the tight sealing of the coupling space.
• sound is released from the coupling space through an acoustic friction resistor.
• the elastically inhibited converter system becomes a predominantly friction-inhibited system.
• the membrane with the low basic resonance vibrates with constant speed, which means that a constant sound pressure can be produced in the coupling space if the coupling space is closed with an acoustic resistance which is of the same order as the wave resistance of the air.
• the invention is therefore particularly characterized in that for coupling to the ear there is provided a foam mesh poister which at least laterally delimits the coupling space, the acoustic friction resistance of which, when in contact with the ear or head, corresponds approximately to the magnitude of the transformed wave resistance of the air, so that the membrane works predominantly friction-inhibited and the requirement for critical damping of the membrane resonance (70 to 300 Hz) in the low frequency range is met.
• the transformed wave resistance of the air is to be understood as the square of the area ratio of the membrane to the passage cross section of the acoustic frictional resistance of the foam mesh poister. The lower the mass of the membrane and the lower the natural resonance of the membrane, the smaller the damping resistance can be. This also suppresses weak reflective properties of the membrane.
• the damping of the membrane is composed of the acoustic frictional resistance of the foam mesh cushion and, if necessary, also of the acoustic frictional resistance arranged behind the membrane. Measurements have shown that foam mesh pads on the ear do not interfere with ear resonance.
• headphones with electrostatic transducers have already become known, in which the ear cups are provided with a single foam strip arranged on one side on the edge of a very large membrane arrangement, the electrostatic system with the relatively highly tuned membrane in headphones proved to be inadequate, because playing the Bass too weak.
• the high level of coordination is inevitably linked to the need for a small electrode spacing in order to achieve high efficiency and to the attraction of rest in the electrostatic system.
• the membrane is surrounded by a very wide frame, which, due to its position in relation to the auricle in the use position, causes reflections and linearly distorts the ear resonances. This is not in line with the requirement for freedom of reflection on which the invention is based.
• orthodynamic systems on the other hand, it is possible without difficulty to set the basic resonance of the membrane practically as low as possible, since there are no attractive rest forces. This results in a perfect bass reproduction in the friction closure of the coupling space according to the invention in the sense of what has been done so far, the reproduction of the high and highest frequencies also not being impaired.
• the foam mesh cushion according to the invention which can be arranged laterally or all around the membrane of the transducer and, if appropriate, also in a thin layer in front of the membrane, does not require any support elements, but lies on the ear and enclosing the ear on the head. It can also be covered with a thin, sound-permeable fabric, which has the purpose of making the contact with the skin more pleasant. It is also possible to provide the outer circumferential surface of the pad with a thin elastic skin in order to enhance the bass reproduction without causing reflections.
• the advantageous effect of the foam mesh cushion according to the invention is due to the fact that the corresponding damping value corresponds to the critical damping of the membrane resonance, which between 70 due to the low membrane mass and the low restoring force of the membrane and 300 Hz.
• the corresponding damping value corresponds to the critical damping of the membrane resonance, which between 70 due to the low membrane mass and the low restoring force of the membrane and 300 Hz.
• the transducer is located in the area of the ear cup, which causes reflections on the membrane or on the magnet system, which change the ear resonance so that the hearing event moves close to the ear .
• the membrane vibrations cannot be influenced by the foam mesh cushion, so that a large acoustic frictional resistance is required behind the relatively heavy membrane. It has also been shown that the impedance of the eardrum in the ear has practically no influence on the vibration behavior of the membrane of the ortohynamic system. It is only the ohmic load caused by the foam cushion according to the invention between the membrane and the ear that is decisive for the vibration behavior of the membrane.
• the foam mesh cushion is preferably ring-shaped, although it may be useful to provide a low acoustic frictional resistance behind the membrane as a supplement to the foam mesh cushion in order to dampen the membrane vibrations critically.
• the foam mesh cushion can have different shapes and also differ in structure if special acoustic properties are desired in relation to the transmitted hearing event. This also applies to the membrane, which is preferably driven over its entire surface, but can also have a partial drive and the individual surfaces are acted upon differently according to level and / or frequency response and / or transit time.
• the ortodynamic system offers the solution to subdivide the conductor tracks and apply them separately electrically.
• each membrane section performs the movement that is dependent on the respective electric drive. But with that it is possible to Listen with free ears to deliver analog sound signals to the auricle. If the membrane area is fed to the front half of the ear cup without a time delay and / or level weakening, while the membrane surface opposite the rear half of the ear cup is time delayed and / or with level weakening, in particular at the higher frequencies, then a forward location of the hearing event is possible. Prerequisite is extensive freedom of reflection in the coupling space and behind the membrane or a frame located on the edge of the membrane.
• FIG. 1 shows a schematic plan view and FIG. 2 shows a schematic cross section of an ear cushion according to the invention
• FIG. 3 shows an annular ear cushion
• FIG. 4 shows a schematic cross section through represents a headphone equipped according to the invention
• FIG. 5 shows a perspective view of one side of a headphone
• FIG. 6 shows a headphone shell on which vertical strips of foam mesh material are arranged.
• Fig. 7 shows a support element for the foam mesh cushion.
• the ear cushion 1 is designed in the form of a rectangle which surrounds the user's ear 2.
• FIG. 1 shows a schematic plan view
• FIG. 2 shows a schematic cross section of an ear cushion according to the invention
• FIG. 3 shows an annular ear cushion
• FIG. 4 shows a schematic cross section through represents a headphone equipped according to the invention
• FIG. 5 shows a perspective view of one side of a headphone
• FIG. 6 shows a headphone shell on which vertical strips of foam mesh material are arranged.
• FIG. 3 differs from that shown in FIG. 1 only in that the ear cushion 1 surrounds the user's ear 2 in a circular ring.
• the foam mesh cushion is designated by 1.
• the membrane 6 is fastened in a narrow, reflection-free frame 5, which consists of a polyester film of approximately 5 ⁇ m in thickness and is provided with evaporated or printed aluminum conductors with a thickness of approximately 6 ⁇ m.
• the magnetic bars 7 are each fastened to a perforated sheet iron plate 8 and are at a distance of approximately 0.5 mm from the membrane 6 in order to enable the membrane 6 to have a sufficient vibration range at the reproduction of low frequencies.
• Fig. 4 clearly shows that there are no sound-reflecting surfaces in the entire headphones. As a result, there are no linear distortions in the ear resonances.
• the iron sheet 8 can be supported against each other at the edge by spacers or cranked at the edge to avoid any reflection.
• Fig. 5 half of a headphone according to the invention is shown. Neither the ear cushion 1 nor the sound-permeable decorative grille 9 or any other element of the receiver cause any disturbing reflections that would otherwise occur if surfaces of the smallest dimensions, for example of the order of 2 cm ⁇ , were present behind the membrane at a short distance.
• the components 10, 11 and 12 are per se common parts of the headband.
• a further embodiment is advantageous in which only two vertical strips of foam are provided on the edge of the membrane arrangement and. this prevents heat build-up on the ear because it is vertical Ventilation takes place. As a result, musical performances can be listened to for a longer period without disabilities. 6, the foam strips 13, 14 are arranged on the edge of the transducer system.
• the mechanical support of the foam frame or the foam strips is carried out by grids or perforated sheet metal or plastic with maximum ventilation, as shown in FIG. 7 in variants of the openings 15 ** 16, 17 . 18 shows.
• ring surfaces or stripe-shaped surfaces in particular act as a continuation of the pinna and conspicuously change the ear resonances and bring the hearing event close to the ear. If such disturbances occur symmetrically on the ears, the hearing event appears in the head. Between this extreme value of the disturbance and the completely free hearing lie all phenomena which are decisive for the assessment of a headphone.
• the measures according to the invention ensure that when the headphones are put on there is no feeling of a foreign body located on the ear or in the immediate vicinity of the ear, whereas conventional headphones give the impression of being closed.

Landscapes

• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Otolaryngology (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
• Signal Processing (AREA)
• Headphones And Earphones (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=3578431

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (6)

Cited By (1)

Families Citing this family (12)

Family Cites Families (6)

• 1979
  • 1979-08-23 AT AT567579A patent/AT362433B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
• 1980
  • 1980-08-18 DE DE80AT8000026D patent/DE3049803D2/de not_active Expired
  • 1980-08-18 JP JP55501842A patent/JPS628076B2/ja not_active Expired
  • 1980-08-18 WO PCT/AT1980/000026 patent/WO1981000660A1/de active Application Filing
  • 1980-08-18 DE DE3049803A patent/DE3049803C1/de not_active Expired
  • 1980-08-18 US US06/261,151 patent/US4389542A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 1981
  • 1981-03-09 EP EP80901530A patent/EP0034596A1/de not_active Withdrawn

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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