EP0034559B1 - Procédé et dispositif de battage ou d'extraction d'éléments tels que des pieux - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de battage ou d'extraction d'éléments tels que des pieux Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0034559B1
EP0034559B1 EP81440004A EP81440004A EP0034559B1 EP 0034559 B1 EP0034559 B1 EP 0034559B1 EP 81440004 A EP81440004 A EP 81440004A EP 81440004 A EP81440004 A EP 81440004A EP 0034559 B1 EP0034559 B1 EP 0034559B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
energy
ram
head
pile
piles
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81440004A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0034559A1 (fr
Inventor
Gaspar Coelus
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to AT81440004T priority Critical patent/ATE7936T1/de
Publication of EP0034559A1 publication Critical patent/EP0034559A1/fr
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Publication of EP0034559B1 publication Critical patent/EP0034559B1/fr
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D11/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for both placing and removing sheet pile bulkheads, piles, or mould-pipes
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D13/00—Accessories for placing or removing piles or bulkheads, e.g. noise attenuating chambers
    • E02D13/10—Follow-blocks of pile-drivers or like devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for threshing or extracting elements such as piles, tubes or sheet piles.
  • the shock caused by the fall of the sheep on the head of the element lasts an excessively short time, and causes a very intense force at this level, which results in a deformation.
  • the progression of the element's deformation follows the propagation of the shock wave.
  • the deformation movement of the element therefore has a very large local acceleration.
  • the ground is linked, by friction, more or less with the barrel of the element, and is therefore also set in motion.
  • the soil opposes the element's driving movements by resistance against compression of its volume, that is to say by static resistance, but also by inertia, that is to say dynamic resistance. Part of the ground is in fact entrained by the sinking movement of an element.
  • the shock wave therefore transmits energy to the surrounding soil by increasing the pressure and the kinetic energy of the soil.
  • This energy participates only in small part in the depression of the element. For the most part, it is lost in vibrations in the ground. These vibrations are sometimes annoying and harmful for neighboring constructions.
  • the pressure of the shock wave arriving at the low point of the element must be greater than the resistance of the ground, so that the element penetrates sufficiently into the ground during the short duration of the shock. There is therefore a sudden decompression of the element, which then causes tensile stresses in the element. This traction is particularly dangerous for precast concrete elements. For a concrete pile subjected to threshing, this decompression and traction phenomenon increases the risk of damage to the element, and requires a strong and costly reinforcement.
  • One of the aims of the present invention is to propose a method and a threshing device which avoid the drawbacks mentioned above and which make it possible to sink elements into the ground without creating too great pressures in these elements, of novice vibrations in the surrounding ground, or tensile tension following the decompression of the element.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method and a threshing device which avoid the brutal and excessively brief impact of a sheep on the head of an element.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method and an extraction device overcoming the drawbacks mentioned above.
  • the device for implementing the threshing or extraction process elements such as piles or sheet piling which includes a vertically guided sheep, a shock absorbing device inserted in the path of the sheep and integral with the pile head is characterized in that the shock absorbing device comprises elastic means capable of gradually slowing down the sheep by compression and accumulation of potential energy and to return the sheep by restoring to it in the form of kinetic energy the potential energy stored during compression and that means which are in the form of jacks assist the sheep during its ascent by increasing its kinetic energy.
  • the method and the threshing device according to the invention will be largely described in application to the threshing of a concrete pile. This application is not however limited to this type of pile, and with a few modifications within the reach of ordinary skill in the art, the invention can be easily extended to other elements such as tubes or sheet piles.
  • the pile driving method according to the invention consists in accumulating a determined quantity of energy, above the pile head, and directing this quantity of energy in the direction of the pile. We then accumulate the energy, then it is gradually transmitted over time, in the pile to its tip so as to cause it to sink.
  • the accumulation and the progressive transfer of energy are ensured by a damping device which is shortened under the effect of an accumulation of energy, and lengthens while restoring the accumulated energy.
  • Part of the accumulated and transferred energy will be used to drive the pile in, the remaining part being returned by the damping device which returns to its original length. This quantity of energy returned will be recovered and supplemented by an external energy supply, so as to reconstitute a new determined quantity of energy.
  • automatic measurement means determine for each cycle the amount of energy absorbed by the pile for its driving in, the amount of energy returned by the damping device, and will deduce therefrom, as a function of the driving of the stake, the amount of energy that it is necessary to provide a complement, so as to reconstitute an amount of energy.
  • a progressive transmission of energy in the pile makes it possible to avoid any shock phenomenon which generally generates deformations at the limit of elasticity.
  • the yield is clearly better since the pressurization of the pile, and of the neighboring earth, is progressive over time. This reduces the inertial effect of the earth and the stake.
  • the transmission of energy takes place for a time long enough for the pile to be fully under pressure during most of this time.
  • the pile acceleration is in fact minimal compared to the overall pressurization thereof, which practically reduces the phenomenon of vibrations generated in the ground, and the phenomenon of tensile stresses inside the pile due to decompression . It is therefore possible by implementing the method according to the invention to use a lighter frame.
  • the acceleration due to the fall and brutal impact of a sheep on a stake results in an acceleration, which theoretically is infinite, but which can be estimated at 400 g after 1 ms.
  • the maximum acceleration caused in the pile by the energy transfer is of the order of 10 g.
  • the propagation of the pressure in the pile, due to the brutal shock lasts from 6 to 10 ms approximately.
  • the transmission of energy lasts approximately from 100 to 200 ms.
  • the method also consists in constituting a determined quantity of energy, under the head of the element. We accumulate this determined amount of energy, we transmit it gradually over time towards the head of the element, so as to favor its extraction. As in the case of threshing, the progressive transfer of energy is ensured by a damping device which is shortened under the effect of an accumulation of energy and which restores the energy which it has stored by returning to its initial length.
  • the energy which was not used for the extraction of the tube is recovered by a second damping device, also able to shorten under the effect of an energy accumulation, and to restore the accumulated energy by taking up its initial length.
  • This energy after restitution is recovered then supplemented by an external supply of energy, so as to reconstitute a new quantity of determined energy.
  • This new quantity of energy is again directed towards the head of the pile and the extraction cycle is renewed.
  • the second damping device and the means which make it possible to supplement the quantity of energy restored can be combined.
  • the force which is applied to the pile head is measured, which makes it possible to determine the energy which has been transmitted to the pile, its penetration and also its resistance to l 'depression.
  • These different variables can be determined by entering accelerations, speeds or displacements, as will appear later.
  • the reference 1 designates a pile of a known type, which it is desired to drive into the ground 2.
  • the head of the pile that is to say its upper part is designated by the reference 3 and its point, i.e. its extreme part in the ground by the reference 4.
  • the device according to the invention firstly comprises a helmet 5 which fits on the head of the stake.
  • This helmet is composed of a base plate 6 which follows the shape of the upper surface of the pile, and flanges 7 and 8 which follow the shape of the lateral surface of the pile, near its upper surface so as to position the device relative to the pile head.
  • the base plate is extended laterally by two wings 9 and 10.
  • Guides are attached to each of these wings by any suitable means.
  • these guides are two in number, 11 and 12 respectively. They have a cylindrical shape of revolution, and are directed along an axis substantially parallel to the axis 13 of the pile, on either side of it.
  • This sheep is of a known type, and is made of any suitable material, and by example by assembled steel plates.
  • the sheep is guided relative to the columns 11 and 12, by sockets 15 and 16, integral with the mass of the sheep.
  • shock plate 17 Under the sheep, in contact with its underside, there is a shock plate 17, the role of which is to protect the springs from the shock due to the fall of the sheep which occurs during the descent thereof.
  • this shock plate can also be located at the top of the springs themselves.
  • this damping device shortens under the effect of an accumulation of energy, and restores the energy it has stored by returning to its initial length.
  • this damping device is constituted by compression springs 19, arranged in parallel, and possibly guided by columns 20. These springs have substantially an equal length, and constitute a stage of springs. For one floor, they are juxtaposed, so as to constitute a damping surface facing the lower surface of the sheep.
  • the springs are optionally guided in their compression and expansion movement by columns 20 fixed on the base plate. These columns have a length less than the minimum length of each spring, when these are compressed to the maximum.
  • the maximum compression corresponds to a load substantially equal to three times the nominal load of the pile, that is to say the load that it will be able to carry when it is put into service.
  • the nominal load of the pile that is to say the load that it will be able to carry when it is put into service.
  • stages of springs can also be superimposed. In this case, intermediate plates are arranged between the different stages.
  • any other damping device shortening under the effect of an accumulation of energy, and resuming its initial length by restoring the energy which it has stored is suitable; for example, spring washers could be substituted for compression springs, or any other damping device whose efficiency is close to 100%.
  • the sheep When falling towards the pile head, the sheep is first guided along the guide columns 11 and 13, then it comes into contact with the damping device. It then communicates to the damping device the energy it has accumulated during its fall, which results in compression of the latter. The shock absorbing device then restores the energy which was not used for driving in by resuming its initial length.
  • An external device communicates complementary energy to the sheep so as to reconstitute a determined quantity of energy, that is to say in fact to raise it to the desired height.
  • this external device consists of jacks 21 and 22.
  • these jacks are two in number, fixed respectively to each of the wings 9 and 10 of the helmet, in a substantially parallel direction to direction 13 of the pile axis.
  • the jacks are placed close to the guide columns, symmetrically with respect to the axis 13 of the pile and the sheep.
  • the rods of the hydraulic cylinders 21 and 22 are placed opposite the stops 23 and 24 located in the upper part of the sheep, projecting from it, and integral with the latter.
  • the hydraulic cylinders When pressurized, the hydraulic cylinders project the sheep upwards after rebound.
  • the output and re-entry of axes 25 and 26 of the cylinders must be rapid and synchronized with the movement of the sheep.
  • the jacks are hydraulic, single acting. They are supplied with oil respectively by pipes 27 and 28, located in the lower part of these which connect them to the hydraulic control group 29.
  • This control group can be fixed on a plate 30 secured to the helmet 6 in its part lower.
  • the jacks are pressurized, which causes the axes 25 and 26 to exit, and push them respectively against the stops 23 and 24 of the sheep.
  • the axes of the cylinders compress compression springs located outside of them.
  • the compression spring 31 of the cylinder 22 is shown. These springs recall the axes of the jack as soon as the pressurization thereof is stopped. It should be noted that the re-entry of the axes into the jack must occur before the sheep fall back movement, so that there is no impact between the stops 23 and 24 and the end of the axes of the jacks. It should also be noted that the height of the jack when its axis is inside the body is less than the minimum height to which the sheep descends during its movements.
  • the invention provides any suitable device so as to absorb the impact of the axes of the cylinders against the stops, and the impact of the axes of the cylinders at the end of their travel movement. in the body of the cylinders.
  • Such devices may for example be shock springs or hydraulic shock absorbers.
  • This device is shown diagrammatically in FIG. 3. It firstly comprises a propulsion motor 32, which controls a hydraulic pump 33. This pump draws oil from a reservoir 34 and sends it under pressure to an accumulator 35. The oil is maintained under high pressure in this accumulator 35.
  • a suitable contactor 36 detects the presence of the sheep in the lower position, and controls a high-flow distributor 37. This command may possibly be delayed, so as to make the most of the rebound effect.
  • the distributor is ordered, the oil from the pressurized accumulator is sent into the cylinders' bodies, thus causing their axes to exit very quickly.
  • a second time delay controls the pressurization time of the jacks and therefore in fact the rise height of the latter as well as the fall height of the sheep. Stopping the pressurization of the cylinders causes the axes to re-enter and the oil which had driven their output is discharged into the reservoir 34.
  • the device according to the invention easily lends itself to electronic programming which automatically controls its operation.
  • the measuring devices and for example an accelerometer 38 placed on the sheep can give information on the acceleration, the displacement and the energy stored by it.
  • Identical measuring devices must be placed on the helmet, so as to be informed about the driving in of the pile although the accelerometer 38 can also fulfill this function.
  • it is the movements of the sheep, its height of fall, and the movement of the head of the stake that are measured. These measurements are then processed, for example, by a microprocessor, which calculates as a function of a driving in of the pile the height of the sheep's ascent, and therefore the amount of additional energy to be supplied to it, for the following driving.
  • these calculations take into account the resistance of the different layers of soil through which the piles pass, or make it possible to determine it approximately.
  • the various information collected during the threshing can be memorized by any appropriate means, and serve as supporting documents later. This information also makes it possible to determine the resistance to the pile sinking into the ground.
  • the device according to the invention therefore allows a progressive transmission of the energy accumulated by the sheep towards the stake.
  • the device according to the invention makes it possible to avoid deformations of the pile beyond the elastic range. it also allows a gradual increase in pressure inside the pile, and in particular avoids large variations in pressure inside it as is the case with the shocks of prior devices. Given that the energy transmission is progressive, we avoid decompression of the pile up and down, and therefore a loss of energy transmitted to the pile, as well as tensile stresses inside that -this.
  • the threshing method according to the invention finds an advantageous application in the threshing of piles made up of several superimposed elements.
  • a 21 m pile can be made by successively threshing three 7 m elements superimposed. This reduces the height of the pile above the ground and therefore requires lower means for implementing the method.
  • the stresses of traction create problems at the level of the junction of the elements.
  • the tubes are generally used as a mold inside which a concrete pile is poured. They are therefore first beaten into the ground, then concrete is poured inside and the tubes are then extracted from the ground.
  • the device which will be described makes it possible to both beat the tube and extract it.
  • FIG. 4 shows a tube 38, having at its end a plug 39, closed by a closure plate 40. After threshing of the tube, the closure plate 40 is left at the bottom of the hole, which allows injection concrete as the tube is extracted.
  • the tube 38 comprises a concrete tank 41.
  • the tube also has annular notches 42 at its outer periphery. These notches are distributed at different heights of the tube, and their usefulness will appear later.
  • the two helmets are crossed by the tube which is used for this level of guidance.
  • the helmet 43 is supported by a construction machine, such as for example a crane, a machine with telescopic arm, etc.
  • This machine makes it possible to adjust the height of the helmet 43 relative to the ground, according to the sinking of the tube therein.
  • the lower 44 and upper 45 helmets are also connected by guide columns 47, with axes substantially parallel to the axis of the tube. Two columns are shown in Figure 4, this number however is not limiting.
  • the device also comprises a lower damping device 48 and an upper damping device 49. These two devices are movable and adjustable in height relative to the tube.
  • Means, shown diagrammatically by jacks 50 operating locks 51 make it possible to immobilize each damping device respectively with respect to the tube as shown diagrammatically in FIG. 4, this immobilization occurs by engagement of the locks 51 in the annular notches 42 of the tube.
  • Any suitable means, and for example hydraulic cylinders 52 connected to the lower helmet 44 for the lower shock absorber device 48, and cables 53 connected to the upper helmet 45 for the upper shock absorber device 49 make it possible to adjust the height of the devices 48 and 49. This adjustment allows the latches 51 to be placed facing the notches 42 which are at the most appropriate height.
  • Hydraulic cylinders 59, integral with the lower damping device 48 make it possible to provide the sheep with an additional amount of energy, as described above.
  • the upper damping device When threshing the tube, the upper damping device is placed out of reach of the sheep 58, and the threshing takes place as described above.
  • the sheep For the extraction of the tube, the sheep is projected upwards by the jacks 59, comes into contact with the shock plate 57 of the upper damping device 49, compresses the springs 55. This compression corresponds to a transfer of energy to the device upper shock absorber. The energy which was not used for the extraction of the tube is restored by the decompression of the springs 55 which returns the sheep down. In addition to this energy is added the energy of the sheep falling towards the lower damping device.
  • the sheep comes into contact with the shock plate 56, and at the spring 54 which absorbs and then restores the energy.
  • This energy is supplemented by an amount of energy delivered by the hydraulic cylinder 59. as described above, all of the parameters are measured, so as to control the extraction.
  • the fall of the sheep down may be absorbed by the hydraulic cylinders 59, in their reentry movement.
  • the energy is recovered from the hydraulic unit which controls the operation of these jacks in the form of pressure.
  • the height adjustment of the different elements allows to take into account the depth of insertion of the tube in the ground.
  • the plug 39 at the lower end of the tube 38 has a diameter greater than the outside diameter of the tube, and is removable.
  • the plug 39 at the lower end of the tube 38 has a diameter greater than the outside diameter of the tube, and is removable.
  • FIG. 5 shows schematically an extraction device according to the present invention for the extraction of sheet piles.
  • a sheet pile 60 has been shown in this figure, seen in profile.
  • the extraction device comprises an upper helmet 61, maintained and subjected to an upward vertical force, for example by means of two cables 62. These cables are for example connected to a construction machine, such as a crane or a mobile machine fitted with a telescopic arm.
  • the device also comprises two guide columns 63 and 64, substantially parallel to the axis 65 of the sheet pile.
  • this clamp In its lower part, it comprises a clamp 66 secured to the guide columns 63 and 64.
  • this clamp comprises a self-clamping jaw 67 which clamps the sheet pile for an upward movement of the device. She is of a known type.
  • the damping device consisting of a stage of springs 68 and a shock plate 69.
  • a sheep 70 is located between the damping devices and the clamp 66. It is projected towards the top by means of hydraulic jacks 71 integral with the clamp 66.
  • the relative arrangement of the guide columns and jacks 71 may, for example, be substantially identical to that of FIGS. 1 to 3.
  • the sheep is projected upwards by the jacks 71, comes into contact with the shock plate 69 and compresses the springs 68. Therefore, it transfers the amount of energy which has been given to it. Part is returned by the springs 68 which return, by decompressing, the sheep down. Preferably, the rods of the jacks 71 remain extended, and absorb the downward movement of the sheep as and when they return. The energy returned by the damping device is therefore recovered at the level of the hydraulic unit which controls the jacks. It should also be noted that the cables 62 exert traction on the sheet pile to which the extraction device provides a complement.
  • the clamp 66 makes it possible to grip two or more sheet piles simultaneously.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Placing Or Removing Of Piles Or Sheet Piles, Or Accessories Thereof (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
EP81440004A 1980-02-13 1981-02-05 Procédé et dispositif de battage ou d'extraction d'éléments tels que des pieux Expired EP0034559B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT81440004T ATE7936T1 (de) 1980-02-13 1981-02-05 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum hineintreiben oder herausziehen von elementen, wie z.b. pfaehlen.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8003633 1980-02-13
FR8003633A FR2475599A1 (fr) 1980-02-13 1980-02-13 Procede et dispositif de battage et d'extraction d'elements tels que des pieux

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0034559A1 EP0034559A1 (fr) 1981-08-26
EP0034559B1 true EP0034559B1 (fr) 1984-06-13

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81440004A Expired EP0034559B1 (fr) 1980-02-13 1981-02-05 Procédé et dispositif de battage ou d'extraction d'éléments tels que des pieux

Country Status (4)

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EP (1) EP0034559B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) ATE7936T1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE3164038D1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2475599A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL9101294A (nl) * 1991-07-24 1993-02-16 Waal Technology & Consultancy Werkwijze en inrichting voor het heien van buispalen.

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB466807A (en) * 1934-12-06 1937-06-07 Delmag Deutsche Elmasch Und Mo Improvements in or relating to pile ramming apparatus or the like
FR1223939A (fr) * 1958-05-12 1960-06-21 Delmag Maschinenfabrik Dispositif pour arracher des pieux, actionné par une sonnette à explosions

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE329946C (de) * 1911-01-21 1920-12-02 Alexander Gibb Vorrichtung zum Herausziehen von Pfaehlen o. dgl.

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB466807A (en) * 1934-12-06 1937-06-07 Delmag Deutsche Elmasch Und Mo Improvements in or relating to pile ramming apparatus or the like
FR1223939A (fr) * 1958-05-12 1960-06-21 Delmag Maschinenfabrik Dispositif pour arracher des pieux, actionné par une sonnette à explosions

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE7936T1 (de) 1984-06-15
FR2475599A1 (fr) 1981-08-14
FR2475599B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1985-01-11
DE3164038D1 (en) 1984-07-19
EP0034559A1 (fr) 1981-08-26

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