EP0034559B1 - Method and apparatus for driving or extracting elements like piles - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for driving or extracting elements like piles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0034559B1
EP0034559B1 EP81440004A EP81440004A EP0034559B1 EP 0034559 B1 EP0034559 B1 EP 0034559B1 EP 81440004 A EP81440004 A EP 81440004A EP 81440004 A EP81440004 A EP 81440004A EP 0034559 B1 EP0034559 B1 EP 0034559B1
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Prior art keywords
energy
ram
head
pile
piles
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EP81440004A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0034559A1 (en
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Gaspar Coelus
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to AT81440004T priority Critical patent/ATE7936T1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D11/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for both placing and removing sheet pile bulkheads, piles, or mould-pipes
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D13/00—Accessories for placing or removing piles or bulkheads, e.g. noise attenuating chambers
    • E02D13/10—Follow-blocks of pile-drivers or like devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for threshing or extracting elements such as piles, tubes or sheet piles.
  • the shock caused by the fall of the sheep on the head of the element lasts an excessively short time, and causes a very intense force at this level, which results in a deformation.
  • the progression of the element's deformation follows the propagation of the shock wave.
  • the deformation movement of the element therefore has a very large local acceleration.
  • the ground is linked, by friction, more or less with the barrel of the element, and is therefore also set in motion.
  • the soil opposes the element's driving movements by resistance against compression of its volume, that is to say by static resistance, but also by inertia, that is to say dynamic resistance. Part of the ground is in fact entrained by the sinking movement of an element.
  • the shock wave therefore transmits energy to the surrounding soil by increasing the pressure and the kinetic energy of the soil.
  • This energy participates only in small part in the depression of the element. For the most part, it is lost in vibrations in the ground. These vibrations are sometimes annoying and harmful for neighboring constructions.
  • the pressure of the shock wave arriving at the low point of the element must be greater than the resistance of the ground, so that the element penetrates sufficiently into the ground during the short duration of the shock. There is therefore a sudden decompression of the element, which then causes tensile stresses in the element. This traction is particularly dangerous for precast concrete elements. For a concrete pile subjected to threshing, this decompression and traction phenomenon increases the risk of damage to the element, and requires a strong and costly reinforcement.
  • One of the aims of the present invention is to propose a method and a threshing device which avoid the drawbacks mentioned above and which make it possible to sink elements into the ground without creating too great pressures in these elements, of novice vibrations in the surrounding ground, or tensile tension following the decompression of the element.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method and a threshing device which avoid the brutal and excessively brief impact of a sheep on the head of an element.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method and an extraction device overcoming the drawbacks mentioned above.
  • the device for implementing the threshing or extraction process elements such as piles or sheet piling which includes a vertically guided sheep, a shock absorbing device inserted in the path of the sheep and integral with the pile head is characterized in that the shock absorbing device comprises elastic means capable of gradually slowing down the sheep by compression and accumulation of potential energy and to return the sheep by restoring to it in the form of kinetic energy the potential energy stored during compression and that means which are in the form of jacks assist the sheep during its ascent by increasing its kinetic energy.
  • the method and the threshing device according to the invention will be largely described in application to the threshing of a concrete pile. This application is not however limited to this type of pile, and with a few modifications within the reach of ordinary skill in the art, the invention can be easily extended to other elements such as tubes or sheet piles.
  • the pile driving method according to the invention consists in accumulating a determined quantity of energy, above the pile head, and directing this quantity of energy in the direction of the pile. We then accumulate the energy, then it is gradually transmitted over time, in the pile to its tip so as to cause it to sink.
  • the accumulation and the progressive transfer of energy are ensured by a damping device which is shortened under the effect of an accumulation of energy, and lengthens while restoring the accumulated energy.
  • Part of the accumulated and transferred energy will be used to drive the pile in, the remaining part being returned by the damping device which returns to its original length. This quantity of energy returned will be recovered and supplemented by an external energy supply, so as to reconstitute a new determined quantity of energy.
  • automatic measurement means determine for each cycle the amount of energy absorbed by the pile for its driving in, the amount of energy returned by the damping device, and will deduce therefrom, as a function of the driving of the stake, the amount of energy that it is necessary to provide a complement, so as to reconstitute an amount of energy.
  • a progressive transmission of energy in the pile makes it possible to avoid any shock phenomenon which generally generates deformations at the limit of elasticity.
  • the yield is clearly better since the pressurization of the pile, and of the neighboring earth, is progressive over time. This reduces the inertial effect of the earth and the stake.
  • the transmission of energy takes place for a time long enough for the pile to be fully under pressure during most of this time.
  • the pile acceleration is in fact minimal compared to the overall pressurization thereof, which practically reduces the phenomenon of vibrations generated in the ground, and the phenomenon of tensile stresses inside the pile due to decompression . It is therefore possible by implementing the method according to the invention to use a lighter frame.
  • the acceleration due to the fall and brutal impact of a sheep on a stake results in an acceleration, which theoretically is infinite, but which can be estimated at 400 g after 1 ms.
  • the maximum acceleration caused in the pile by the energy transfer is of the order of 10 g.
  • the propagation of the pressure in the pile, due to the brutal shock lasts from 6 to 10 ms approximately.
  • the transmission of energy lasts approximately from 100 to 200 ms.
  • the method also consists in constituting a determined quantity of energy, under the head of the element. We accumulate this determined amount of energy, we transmit it gradually over time towards the head of the element, so as to favor its extraction. As in the case of threshing, the progressive transfer of energy is ensured by a damping device which is shortened under the effect of an accumulation of energy and which restores the energy which it has stored by returning to its initial length.
  • the energy which was not used for the extraction of the tube is recovered by a second damping device, also able to shorten under the effect of an energy accumulation, and to restore the accumulated energy by taking up its initial length.
  • This energy after restitution is recovered then supplemented by an external supply of energy, so as to reconstitute a new quantity of determined energy.
  • This new quantity of energy is again directed towards the head of the pile and the extraction cycle is renewed.
  • the second damping device and the means which make it possible to supplement the quantity of energy restored can be combined.
  • the force which is applied to the pile head is measured, which makes it possible to determine the energy which has been transmitted to the pile, its penetration and also its resistance to l 'depression.
  • These different variables can be determined by entering accelerations, speeds or displacements, as will appear later.
  • the reference 1 designates a pile of a known type, which it is desired to drive into the ground 2.
  • the head of the pile that is to say its upper part is designated by the reference 3 and its point, i.e. its extreme part in the ground by the reference 4.
  • the device according to the invention firstly comprises a helmet 5 which fits on the head of the stake.
  • This helmet is composed of a base plate 6 which follows the shape of the upper surface of the pile, and flanges 7 and 8 which follow the shape of the lateral surface of the pile, near its upper surface so as to position the device relative to the pile head.
  • the base plate is extended laterally by two wings 9 and 10.
  • Guides are attached to each of these wings by any suitable means.
  • these guides are two in number, 11 and 12 respectively. They have a cylindrical shape of revolution, and are directed along an axis substantially parallel to the axis 13 of the pile, on either side of it.
  • This sheep is of a known type, and is made of any suitable material, and by example by assembled steel plates.
  • the sheep is guided relative to the columns 11 and 12, by sockets 15 and 16, integral with the mass of the sheep.
  • shock plate 17 Under the sheep, in contact with its underside, there is a shock plate 17, the role of which is to protect the springs from the shock due to the fall of the sheep which occurs during the descent thereof.
  • this shock plate can also be located at the top of the springs themselves.
  • this damping device shortens under the effect of an accumulation of energy, and restores the energy it has stored by returning to its initial length.
  • this damping device is constituted by compression springs 19, arranged in parallel, and possibly guided by columns 20. These springs have substantially an equal length, and constitute a stage of springs. For one floor, they are juxtaposed, so as to constitute a damping surface facing the lower surface of the sheep.
  • the springs are optionally guided in their compression and expansion movement by columns 20 fixed on the base plate. These columns have a length less than the minimum length of each spring, when these are compressed to the maximum.
  • the maximum compression corresponds to a load substantially equal to three times the nominal load of the pile, that is to say the load that it will be able to carry when it is put into service.
  • the nominal load of the pile that is to say the load that it will be able to carry when it is put into service.
  • stages of springs can also be superimposed. In this case, intermediate plates are arranged between the different stages.
  • any other damping device shortening under the effect of an accumulation of energy, and resuming its initial length by restoring the energy which it has stored is suitable; for example, spring washers could be substituted for compression springs, or any other damping device whose efficiency is close to 100%.
  • the sheep When falling towards the pile head, the sheep is first guided along the guide columns 11 and 13, then it comes into contact with the damping device. It then communicates to the damping device the energy it has accumulated during its fall, which results in compression of the latter. The shock absorbing device then restores the energy which was not used for driving in by resuming its initial length.
  • An external device communicates complementary energy to the sheep so as to reconstitute a determined quantity of energy, that is to say in fact to raise it to the desired height.
  • this external device consists of jacks 21 and 22.
  • these jacks are two in number, fixed respectively to each of the wings 9 and 10 of the helmet, in a substantially parallel direction to direction 13 of the pile axis.
  • the jacks are placed close to the guide columns, symmetrically with respect to the axis 13 of the pile and the sheep.
  • the rods of the hydraulic cylinders 21 and 22 are placed opposite the stops 23 and 24 located in the upper part of the sheep, projecting from it, and integral with the latter.
  • the hydraulic cylinders When pressurized, the hydraulic cylinders project the sheep upwards after rebound.
  • the output and re-entry of axes 25 and 26 of the cylinders must be rapid and synchronized with the movement of the sheep.
  • the jacks are hydraulic, single acting. They are supplied with oil respectively by pipes 27 and 28, located in the lower part of these which connect them to the hydraulic control group 29.
  • This control group can be fixed on a plate 30 secured to the helmet 6 in its part lower.
  • the jacks are pressurized, which causes the axes 25 and 26 to exit, and push them respectively against the stops 23 and 24 of the sheep.
  • the axes of the cylinders compress compression springs located outside of them.
  • the compression spring 31 of the cylinder 22 is shown. These springs recall the axes of the jack as soon as the pressurization thereof is stopped. It should be noted that the re-entry of the axes into the jack must occur before the sheep fall back movement, so that there is no impact between the stops 23 and 24 and the end of the axes of the jacks. It should also be noted that the height of the jack when its axis is inside the body is less than the minimum height to which the sheep descends during its movements.
  • the invention provides any suitable device so as to absorb the impact of the axes of the cylinders against the stops, and the impact of the axes of the cylinders at the end of their travel movement. in the body of the cylinders.
  • Such devices may for example be shock springs or hydraulic shock absorbers.
  • This device is shown diagrammatically in FIG. 3. It firstly comprises a propulsion motor 32, which controls a hydraulic pump 33. This pump draws oil from a reservoir 34 and sends it under pressure to an accumulator 35. The oil is maintained under high pressure in this accumulator 35.
  • a suitable contactor 36 detects the presence of the sheep in the lower position, and controls a high-flow distributor 37. This command may possibly be delayed, so as to make the most of the rebound effect.
  • the distributor is ordered, the oil from the pressurized accumulator is sent into the cylinders' bodies, thus causing their axes to exit very quickly.
  • a second time delay controls the pressurization time of the jacks and therefore in fact the rise height of the latter as well as the fall height of the sheep. Stopping the pressurization of the cylinders causes the axes to re-enter and the oil which had driven their output is discharged into the reservoir 34.
  • the device according to the invention easily lends itself to electronic programming which automatically controls its operation.
  • the measuring devices and for example an accelerometer 38 placed on the sheep can give information on the acceleration, the displacement and the energy stored by it.
  • Identical measuring devices must be placed on the helmet, so as to be informed about the driving in of the pile although the accelerometer 38 can also fulfill this function.
  • it is the movements of the sheep, its height of fall, and the movement of the head of the stake that are measured. These measurements are then processed, for example, by a microprocessor, which calculates as a function of a driving in of the pile the height of the sheep's ascent, and therefore the amount of additional energy to be supplied to it, for the following driving.
  • these calculations take into account the resistance of the different layers of soil through which the piles pass, or make it possible to determine it approximately.
  • the various information collected during the threshing can be memorized by any appropriate means, and serve as supporting documents later. This information also makes it possible to determine the resistance to the pile sinking into the ground.
  • the device according to the invention therefore allows a progressive transmission of the energy accumulated by the sheep towards the stake.
  • the device according to the invention makes it possible to avoid deformations of the pile beyond the elastic range. it also allows a gradual increase in pressure inside the pile, and in particular avoids large variations in pressure inside it as is the case with the shocks of prior devices. Given that the energy transmission is progressive, we avoid decompression of the pile up and down, and therefore a loss of energy transmitted to the pile, as well as tensile stresses inside that -this.
  • the threshing method according to the invention finds an advantageous application in the threshing of piles made up of several superimposed elements.
  • a 21 m pile can be made by successively threshing three 7 m elements superimposed. This reduces the height of the pile above the ground and therefore requires lower means for implementing the method.
  • the stresses of traction create problems at the level of the junction of the elements.
  • the tubes are generally used as a mold inside which a concrete pile is poured. They are therefore first beaten into the ground, then concrete is poured inside and the tubes are then extracted from the ground.
  • the device which will be described makes it possible to both beat the tube and extract it.
  • FIG. 4 shows a tube 38, having at its end a plug 39, closed by a closure plate 40. After threshing of the tube, the closure plate 40 is left at the bottom of the hole, which allows injection concrete as the tube is extracted.
  • the tube 38 comprises a concrete tank 41.
  • the tube also has annular notches 42 at its outer periphery. These notches are distributed at different heights of the tube, and their usefulness will appear later.
  • the two helmets are crossed by the tube which is used for this level of guidance.
  • the helmet 43 is supported by a construction machine, such as for example a crane, a machine with telescopic arm, etc.
  • This machine makes it possible to adjust the height of the helmet 43 relative to the ground, according to the sinking of the tube therein.
  • the lower 44 and upper 45 helmets are also connected by guide columns 47, with axes substantially parallel to the axis of the tube. Two columns are shown in Figure 4, this number however is not limiting.
  • the device also comprises a lower damping device 48 and an upper damping device 49. These two devices are movable and adjustable in height relative to the tube.
  • Means, shown diagrammatically by jacks 50 operating locks 51 make it possible to immobilize each damping device respectively with respect to the tube as shown diagrammatically in FIG. 4, this immobilization occurs by engagement of the locks 51 in the annular notches 42 of the tube.
  • Any suitable means, and for example hydraulic cylinders 52 connected to the lower helmet 44 for the lower shock absorber device 48, and cables 53 connected to the upper helmet 45 for the upper shock absorber device 49 make it possible to adjust the height of the devices 48 and 49. This adjustment allows the latches 51 to be placed facing the notches 42 which are at the most appropriate height.
  • Hydraulic cylinders 59, integral with the lower damping device 48 make it possible to provide the sheep with an additional amount of energy, as described above.
  • the upper damping device When threshing the tube, the upper damping device is placed out of reach of the sheep 58, and the threshing takes place as described above.
  • the sheep For the extraction of the tube, the sheep is projected upwards by the jacks 59, comes into contact with the shock plate 57 of the upper damping device 49, compresses the springs 55. This compression corresponds to a transfer of energy to the device upper shock absorber. The energy which was not used for the extraction of the tube is restored by the decompression of the springs 55 which returns the sheep down. In addition to this energy is added the energy of the sheep falling towards the lower damping device.
  • the sheep comes into contact with the shock plate 56, and at the spring 54 which absorbs and then restores the energy.
  • This energy is supplemented by an amount of energy delivered by the hydraulic cylinder 59. as described above, all of the parameters are measured, so as to control the extraction.
  • the fall of the sheep down may be absorbed by the hydraulic cylinders 59, in their reentry movement.
  • the energy is recovered from the hydraulic unit which controls the operation of these jacks in the form of pressure.
  • the height adjustment of the different elements allows to take into account the depth of insertion of the tube in the ground.
  • the plug 39 at the lower end of the tube 38 has a diameter greater than the outside diameter of the tube, and is removable.
  • the plug 39 at the lower end of the tube 38 has a diameter greater than the outside diameter of the tube, and is removable.
  • FIG. 5 shows schematically an extraction device according to the present invention for the extraction of sheet piles.
  • a sheet pile 60 has been shown in this figure, seen in profile.
  • the extraction device comprises an upper helmet 61, maintained and subjected to an upward vertical force, for example by means of two cables 62. These cables are for example connected to a construction machine, such as a crane or a mobile machine fitted with a telescopic arm.
  • the device also comprises two guide columns 63 and 64, substantially parallel to the axis 65 of the sheet pile.
  • this clamp In its lower part, it comprises a clamp 66 secured to the guide columns 63 and 64.
  • this clamp comprises a self-clamping jaw 67 which clamps the sheet pile for an upward movement of the device. She is of a known type.
  • the damping device consisting of a stage of springs 68 and a shock plate 69.
  • a sheep 70 is located between the damping devices and the clamp 66. It is projected towards the top by means of hydraulic jacks 71 integral with the clamp 66.
  • the relative arrangement of the guide columns and jacks 71 may, for example, be substantially identical to that of FIGS. 1 to 3.
  • the sheep is projected upwards by the jacks 71, comes into contact with the shock plate 69 and compresses the springs 68. Therefore, it transfers the amount of energy which has been given to it. Part is returned by the springs 68 which return, by decompressing, the sheep down. Preferably, the rods of the jacks 71 remain extended, and absorb the downward movement of the sheep as and when they return. The energy returned by the damping device is therefore recovered at the level of the hydraulic unit which controls the jacks. It should also be noted that the cables 62 exert traction on the sheet pile to which the extraction device provides a complement.
  • the clamp 66 makes it possible to grip two or more sheet piles simultaneously.

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  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
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  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Placing Or Removing Of Piles Or Sheet Piles, Or Accessories Thereof (AREA)
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Abstract

1. A process for driving into the ground or removing from the ground elements such as piles (1), tubes or sheeting piles (60) in which - a given amount of kinetic energy is formed by moving a ram (14, 70) which is directed in the diretion of movement of the head of the element (1, 60), - the ram (14, 70) is gradually slowed down by resilient means (19, 68) integral with the head of the element (1, 60) which accumulate the kinetic energy in potential form, the resulting force of the deceleration being communicated to the head of the element (1, 60), - the potential energy accumulated by the resilient means (19, 68) and which has not been absorbed by the movement of the element (1, 60) is retransferred to the ram (14, 70) in the form of kinetic energy, characterized in that : - this energy is increased by the action of hydraulic cylinders (21, 22 and 71) and this energy is transformed into potential energy corresponding to a greater height of the ram (14, 70) above the head of the element (1, 60), - the ram (14, 70) is driven back towards the head of the element (1, 60) while transforming the potential height energy into kinetic energy.

Description

L'invention est relative à un procédé et à un dispositif de battage ou d'extraction d'éléments tels que des pieux, des tubes ou des palplanches.The invention relates to a method and a device for threshing or extracting elements such as piles, tubes or sheet piles.

Actuellement, pour battre des éléments tels que des pieux, des tubes ou des palplanches, on utilise des treuils de battage, ou des marteaux à vapeur, à air comprimé ou diesel. Le principe de ces différents dispositifs tels que décrits dans l'ouvrage « Hütte-BAUTECHNIK •, tome III, SPRINGER-BERLIN 1977, pages 18 à 24 est la chute d'un mouton sur la tête de l'élément, dont la remontée est assurée partiellement par le rebond et essentiellement par une impulsion fournie par l'explosion de carburant dans une chambre réalisée dans le mouton, ladite chambre étant fermée par un piston fixe appuyé sur la tête du pieu. De cette chute, résulte un choc qui provoque une augmentation brutale de la pression dans l'élément. Cette augmentation de pression se propage, à la vitesse du son, jusqu'à la pointe de l'élément. Ensuite, l'élément pénètre dans le sol avec une vitesse résultant de l'excédent de cette pression sur la pression de résistance du sol.Currently, to beat elements such as piles, tubes or sheet piles, threshing winches are used, or hammers with steam, compressed air or diesel. The principle of these various devices as described in the work “Hütte-BAUTECHNIK •, tome III, SPRINGER-BERLIN 1977, pages 18 to 24 is the fall of a sheep on the head of the element, whose rise is partially provided by the rebound and essentially by an impulse provided by the explosion of fuel in a chamber made in the sheep, said chamber being closed by a fixed piston supported on the head of the pile. From this fall results in a shock which causes a sudden increase in the pressure in the element. This increase in pressure propagates, at the speed of sound, to the tip of the element. Then, the element penetrates into the soil with a speed resulting from the excess of this pressure over the resistance pressure of the soil.

En tête de l'élément, l'augmentation de pression provoquée par le choc est très grande. parfois, elle dépasse la partie linéaire de la loi d'élasticité, il en résulte des déformations résiduelles et .des risques de fissuration.At the head of the element, the pressure increase caused by the shock is very large. sometimes it exceeds the linear part of the law of elasticity, this results in residual deformations and. risks of cracking.

Le choc engendré par la chute du mouton sur la tête de l'élément dure un temps excessivement court, et provoque une force très intense à ce niveau, ce qui se traduit par une déformation. La progression de la déformation de l'élément suit la propagation de l'onde de choc. Le mouvement de déformation de l'élément présente donc une très grande accélération locale. Le sol est lié, par friction, plus ou moins avec le fût de l'élément, et est donc aussi mis en mouvement. Le sol s'oppose aux mouvements d'enfoncement de l'élément par résistance contre la compression de son volume, c'est-à-dire par résistance statique, mais aussi par inertie, c'est-à-dire résistance dynamique. Une partie du sol est en effet entraînée par le mouvement d'enfoncement d'un élément.The shock caused by the fall of the sheep on the head of the element lasts an excessively short time, and causes a very intense force at this level, which results in a deformation. The progression of the element's deformation follows the propagation of the shock wave. The deformation movement of the element therefore has a very large local acceleration. The ground is linked, by friction, more or less with the barrel of the element, and is therefore also set in motion. The soil opposes the element's driving movements by resistance against compression of its volume, that is to say by static resistance, but also by inertia, that is to say dynamic resistance. Part of the ground is in fact entrained by the sinking movement of an element.

Au niveau de la pointe basse de l'élément, l'onde de choc transmet donc de l'énergie au sol environnant en augmentant la pression et l'énergie cinétique du sol. Cette énergie ne participe qu'en faible partie à l'enfoncement de l'élément. Pour une grande partie, en effet, elle se perd en vibrations dans le sol. Ces vibrations sont parfois gênantes et nocives pour les constructions voisines.At the low point of the element, the shock wave therefore transmits energy to the surrounding soil by increasing the pressure and the kinetic energy of the soil. This energy participates only in small part in the depression of the element. For the most part, it is lost in vibrations in the ground. These vibrations are sometimes annoying and harmful for neighboring constructions.

La pression de l'onde de choc arrivant à la pointe basse de l'élément doit être plus grande que la résistance du sol, afin que l'élément pénètre suffisamment dans le sol pendant la courte durée du choc. Il y a donc une décompression brutale de l'élément, ce qui cause ensuite des contraintes de traction dans l'élément. Cette traction est particulièrement dangereuse pour des éléments préfabriqués en béton. Pour un pieu en béton soumis au battage, ce phénomène de décompression et de traction agrandit le risque d'endommagement de l'élément, et exige une armature forte et coûteuse.The pressure of the shock wave arriving at the low point of the element must be greater than the resistance of the ground, so that the element penetrates sufficiently into the ground during the short duration of the shock. There is therefore a sudden decompression of the element, which then causes tensile stresses in the element. This traction is particularly dangerous for precast concrete elements. For a concrete pile subjected to threshing, this decompression and traction phenomenon increases the risk of damage to the element, and requires a strong and costly reinforcement.

Selon le brevet français FR-A-2.335.653, l'action de l'effort de mouton sur le pieu est prolongé en disposant un amortisseur hydropneumatique sur la tête du pieu. Toutefois, cet amortisseur n'absorbe pas la totalité de l'énergie cinétique du mouton et donc il subsiste un choc d'ailleurs recherché dans ce brevet.According to French patent FR-A-2,335,653, the action of the sheep force on the pile is extended by placing a hydropneumatic damper on the head of the pile. However, this damper does not absorb all of the kinetic energy of the sheep and therefore there remains a shock which is moreover sought in this patent.

Dans les dispositifs d'extraction de pieu, il est connu d'interposer un ressort entre l'appareil de levage qui supporte le dispositif et le pieu ; tel que décrit dans le brevet DE-C-329.946 ; de la sorte, le choc est amorti pour l'appareil de levage.In pile extraction devices, it is known to interpose a spring between the lifting device which supports the device and the pile; as described in patent DE-C-329,946; in this way, the shock is absorbed for the lifting device.

Un des buts de la présente invention est de proposer un procédé et un dispositif de battage qui évitent les inconvénients mentionnés plus haut et qui permettent d'enfoncer des éléments dans le sol sans créer de pressions trops grandes dans ces éléments, de vibrations novices dans le terrain environnant, ni de tension de traction suite à la décompression de l'élément.One of the aims of the present invention is to propose a method and a threshing device which avoid the drawbacks mentioned above and which make it possible to sink elements into the ground without creating too great pressures in these elements, of novice vibrations in the surrounding ground, or tensile tension following the decompression of the element.

Un autre but de la présente invention est de proposer un procédé et un dispositif de battage qui évitent le choc brutal et excessivement bref d'un mouton sur la tête d'un élément.Another object of the present invention is to provide a method and a threshing device which avoid the brutal and excessively brief impact of a sheep on the head of an element.

Un autre but de la présente invention est de proposer un procédé et un dispositif d'extraction remédiant aux inconvénients mentionnés ci-dessus.Another object of the present invention is to provide a method and an extraction device overcoming the drawbacks mentioned above.

Conformément à l'invention, le procédé de battage dans le sol selon le FR-A-2.335.653 ou d'extraction du sol d'éléments tels que des pieux, des tubes ou des palplanches dans lequel :

  • - on constitue une quantité d'énergie cinétique déterminée par déplacement d'un mouton que l'on dirige vers la tête du pieu, selon le sens de son déplacement,
  • - on ralentit progressivement le mouton à l'aide de moyens élastiques solidaires de la tête du pieu qui accumulent l'énergie cinétique sous forme potentielle, la force résultante de la décélération étant communiquée à la tête du pieu,
  • - on retransfère au mouton sous forme d'énergie cinétique, l'énergie potentielle accumulée par les moyens élastiques et qui n'a pas été absorbée par le déplacement du pieu, est caractérisé en ce que :
  • - on augmente cette énergie par l'action de vérins hydrauliques et cette énergie se transforme en énergie potentielle correspondant à une plus grande hauteur du mouton au-dessus de la tête du pieu,
  • - on renvoit le mouton vers la tête du pieu en transformant l'énergie potentielle de hauteur en énergie cinétique.
According to the invention, the method of threshing in the ground according to FR-A-2,335,653 or of extracting from the ground elements such as piles, tubes or sheet piles in which:
  • - a quantity of kinetic energy is determined, determined by the movement of a sheep which is directed towards the head of the stake, according to the direction of its movement,
  • - the sheep is gradually slowed down using elastic means integral with the head of the pile which accumulate kinetic energy in potential form, the force resulting from the deceleration being communicated to the head of the pile,
  • - we transfer back to the sheep in the form of kinetic energy, the potential energy accumulated by the elastic means and which has not been absorbed by the displacement of the pile, is characterized in that:
  • this energy is increased by the action of hydraulic cylinders and this energy is transformed into potential energy corresponding to a greater height of the sheep above the head of the stake,
  • - the sheep is returned to the head of the stake by transforming the potential energy of height into kinetic energy.

Selon l'invention, le dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé de battage ou d'extraction d'éléments tels que des pieux ou des palplanches qui comprend un mouton guidé verticalement, un dispositif amortisseur intercalé sur la trajectoire du mouton et solidaire de la tête du pieu est caractérisé par le fait que le dispositif amortisseur comprend des moyens élastiques aptes à ralentir progressivement le mouton par compression et accumulation d'énergie potentielle et à renvoyer le mouton en lui restituant sous forme d'énergie cinétique l'énergie potentielle emmagasinée lors de la compression et que des moyens qui se présentent sous la forme de vérins assistent le mouton lors de sa remontée en augmentant son énergie cinétique.According to the invention, the device for implementing the threshing or extraction process elements such as piles or sheet piling which includes a vertically guided sheep, a shock absorbing device inserted in the path of the sheep and integral with the pile head is characterized in that the shock absorbing device comprises elastic means capable of gradually slowing down the sheep by compression and accumulation of potential energy and to return the sheep by restoring to it in the form of kinetic energy the potential energy stored during compression and that means which are in the form of jacks assist the sheep during its ascent by increasing its kinetic energy.

L'invention sera mieux comprise si l'on se réfère à la description ci-dessous, ainsi qu'aux dessins en annexe qui en font partie intégrante.

  • La figure 1 représente schématiquement une coupe transversale du dispositif selon l'invention disposé sur la tête du pieu.
  • La figure 2 est une vue schématique en coupe de la figure 1 selon la coupe A-A.
  • La figure 3 est une vue en coupe schématique de la figure 1 selon la direction B-B.
  • La figure 4 est une vue schématique montrant le dispositif selon l'invention dans le cas du battage et de l'extraction d'un tube.
  • La figure 5 est une vue schématique montrant le dispositif selon l'invention dans le cas de l'extraction d'une palplanche.
The invention will be better understood if reference is made to the description below, as well as to the accompanying drawings which form an integral part thereof.
  • Figure 1 schematically shows a cross section of the device according to the invention arranged on the head of the pile.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic sectional view of Figure 1 along section AA.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic sectional view of Figure 1 in the direction BB.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view showing the device according to the invention in the case of threshing and extraction of a tube.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the device according to the invention in the case of the extraction of a sheet pile.

Le procédé et le dispositif de battage selon l'invention vont être décrits en grande partie en application au battage d'un pieu en béton. Cette application n'est cependant pas limitée à ce type de pieu, et moyennant quelques modifications à la portée de l'Homme de l'Art, l'invention pourra être facilement étendue à d'autres éléments tels que des tubes ou des palplanches.The method and the threshing device according to the invention will be largely described in application to the threshing of a concrete pile. This application is not however limited to this type of pile, and with a few modifications within the reach of ordinary skill in the art, the invention can be easily extended to other elements such as tubes or sheet piles.

Le procédé de battage d'un pieu selon l'invention consiste à accumuler une quantité d'énergie déterminée, au-dessus de la tête du pieu, et de diriger cette quantité d'énergie en direction du pieu. On accumule alors l'énergie, puis on la transmet progressivement dans le temps, dans le pieu jusqu'à sa pointe de manière à provoquer l'enfoncement de celui-ci.The pile driving method according to the invention consists in accumulating a determined quantity of energy, above the pile head, and directing this quantity of energy in the direction of the pile. We then accumulate the energy, then it is gradually transmitted over time, in the pile to its tip so as to cause it to sink.

L'accumulation et le transfert progressif de l'énergie sont assurés par un dispositif amortisseur qui se raccourcit sous l'effet d'une accumulation d'énergie, et se rallonge en restituant l'énergie accumulée.The accumulation and the progressive transfer of energy are ensured by a damping device which is shortened under the effect of an accumulation of energy, and lengthens while restoring the accumulated energy.

Une partie de l'énergie accumulée et transférée sera utilisée pour réaliser l'enfoncement du pieu, la partie restante étant restituée par le dispositif amortisseur qui reprend sa longueur initiale. Cette quantité d'énergie restituée sera récupérée et complétée par un apport d'énergie extérieure, de manière à reconstituer une nouvelle quantité d'énergie déterminée.Part of the accumulated and transferred energy will be used to drive the pile in, the remaining part being returned by the damping device which returns to its original length. This quantity of energy returned will be recovered and supplemented by an external energy supply, so as to reconstitute a new determined quantity of energy.

Cette quantité d'énergie sera alors de nouveau dirigée vers la tête du pieu, et le cycle sera renouvelé.This amount of energy will then be directed back to the head of the stake, and the cycle will be renewed.

Par ailleurs, dans un mode préférentiel de réalisation, des moyens automatiques de mesure déterminent pour chaque cycle la quantité d'énergie absorbée par le pieu pour son enfoncement, la quantité d'énergie restituée par le dispositif amortisseur, et en déduiront, en fonction de l'enfoncement du pieu, la quantité d'énergie qu'il est nécessaire d'apporter un complément, de manière à reconstituer une quantité d'énergie.Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, automatic measurement means determine for each cycle the amount of energy absorbed by the pile for its driving in, the amount of energy returned by the damping device, and will deduce therefrom, as a function of the driving of the stake, the amount of energy that it is necessary to provide a complement, so as to reconstitute an amount of energy.

Une transmission progressive d'énergie dans le pieu permet d'éviter tout phénomène de choc qui engendre généralement les déformations à la limite de l'élasticité. Par ailleurs, le rendement est nettement meilleur étant donné que la mise sous pression du pieu, et de la terre avoisinante est progressive dans le temps. On diminue ainsi l'effet d'inertie de la terre et du pieu. D'autre part, la transmission d'énergie s'effectue durant un temps suffisamment long pour que le pieu se trouve entièrement en pression durant la plus grande partie de ce temps. L'accélération du pieu est en effet minime devant la mise sous pression globale de celui-ci, ce qui réduit pratiquement le phénomène de vibrations engendré dans le sol, et le phénomène de contraintes de traction à l'intérieur du pieu dues à la décompression. Il est donc possible en mettant en oeuvre le procédé selon l'invention d'utiliser une armature plus légère.A progressive transmission of energy in the pile makes it possible to avoid any shock phenomenon which generally generates deformations at the limit of elasticity. In addition, the yield is clearly better since the pressurization of the pile, and of the neighboring earth, is progressive over time. This reduces the inertial effect of the earth and the stake. On the other hand, the transmission of energy takes place for a time long enough for the pile to be fully under pressure during most of this time. The pile acceleration is in fact minimal compared to the overall pressurization thereof, which practically reduces the phenomenon of vibrations generated in the ground, and the phenomenon of tensile stresses inside the pile due to decompression . It is therefore possible by implementing the method according to the invention to use a lighter frame.

Toute l'énergie accumulée et transférée progressivement est donc utilisée pour l'enfoncement du pieu, ou restituée et récupérée. Les pertes d'énergie sont excessivement faibles comparativement aux procédés de battage anté- rieu rs.All of the energy accumulated and gradually transferred is therefore used to drive the pile in, or returned and recovered. The energy losses are excessively low compared to the prior threshing processes rs.

A titre d'exemple, l'accélération due à la chute et au choc brutal d'un mouton sur un pieu se traduit par une accélération, qui théoriquement est infinie, mais qui peut être estimée à 400 g après 1 ms. Comparativement, l'accélération maximale provoquée dans le pieu par le transfert d'énergie est de l'ordre de 10 g. Dans le cas des procédés antérieurs, la propagation de la pression dans le pieu, due au choc brutal, dure de 6 à 10 ms environ. Par contre, dans le cas présent, la transmission d'énergie dure environ de 100 à 200 ms.For example, the acceleration due to the fall and brutal impact of a sheep on a stake results in an acceleration, which theoretically is infinite, but which can be estimated at 400 g after 1 ms. Comparatively, the maximum acceleration caused in the pile by the energy transfer is of the order of 10 g. In the case of the previous methods, the propagation of the pressure in the pile, due to the brutal shock, lasts from 6 to 10 ms approximately. On the other hand, in the present case, the transmission of energy lasts approximately from 100 to 200 ms.

Dans le cas de l'extraction d'un élément, tel qu'un tube ou une palplanche, le procédé consiste également à constituer une quantité d'énergie déterminée, sous la tête de l'élément. On accumule cette quantité d'énergie déterminée, on la transmet progressivement dans le temps en direction de la tête de l'élément, de manière à favoriser son extraction. Comme dans le cas du battage, le transfert progressif d'énergie est assuré par un dispositif amortisseur qui se raccourcit sous l'effet d'une accumulation d'énergie et qui restitue l'énergie qu'il a emmagasiné en reprenant sa longueur initiale.In the case of the extraction of an element, such as a tube or a sheet pile, the method also consists in constituting a determined quantity of energy, under the head of the element. We accumulate this determined amount of energy, we transmit it gradually over time towards the head of the element, so as to favor its extraction. As in the case of threshing, the progressive transfer of energy is ensured by a damping device which is shortened under the effect of an accumulation of energy and which restores the energy which it has stored by returning to its initial length.

L'énergie qui n'a pas été utilisée pour l'extraction du tube est récupérée par un deuxième dispositif amortisseur, apte également à se raccourcir sous l'effet d'une accumulation d'énergie, et à restituer l'énergie accumulée en reprenant sa longueur initiale. Cette énergie après restitution est récupérée puis complétée par un apport extérieur d'énergie, de manière à reconstituer une nouvelle quantité d'énergie déterminée. Cette nouvelle quantité d'énergie est de nouveau dirigée en direction de la tête du pieu et le cycle d'extraction est renouvelé. Dans certains cas, le deuxième dispositif amortisseur et les moyens qui permettent de compléter la quantité d'énergie restituée peuvent être confondus.The energy which was not used for the extraction of the tube is recovered by a second damping device, also able to shorten under the effect of an energy accumulation, and to restore the accumulated energy by taking up its initial length. This energy after restitution is recovered then supplemented by an external supply of energy, so as to reconstitute a new quantity of determined energy. This new quantity of energy is again directed towards the head of the pile and the extraction cycle is renewed. In certain cases, the second damping device and the means which make it possible to supplement the quantity of energy restored can be combined.

Les avantages de ce procédé sont semblables aux avantages du procédé de battage.The advantages of this method are similar to the advantages of the threshing method.

Ils permettent également d'appliquer les formules dynamiques fiables, étant donné que l'on reste dans le domaine de l'élasticité.They also make it possible to apply reliable dynamic formulas, given that one remains in the domain of elasticity.

Selon le procédé de battage ou d'extraction de l'invention, on mesure la force qui est appliquée à la tête du pieu, ce qui permet de déterminer l'énergie qui a été transmise au pieu, son enfoncement et également sa résistance à l'enfoncement. Ces différentes variables peuvent être déterminées par la saisie d'accélérations, de vitesses ou de déplacements, tel que cela apparaîtra ultérieurement.According to the threshing or extraction method of the invention, the force which is applied to the pile head is measured, which makes it possible to determine the energy which has been transmitted to the pile, its penetration and also its resistance to l 'depression. These different variables can be determined by entering accelerations, speeds or displacements, as will appear later.

Le dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé de battage selon l'invention va être maintenant décrit en référence aux figures 1, 2 et 3 en application au battage d'un pieu en béton. Dans ces figures, la référence 1 désigne un pieu d'un type connu, que l'on désire enfoncer dans le sol 2. La tête du pieu, c'est-à-dire sa partie supérieure est désignée par la référence 3 et sa pointe, c'est-à-dire sa partie extrême dans le sol par la référence 4.The device for implementing the threshing process according to the invention will now be described with reference to FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 in application to the threshing of a concrete pile. In these figures, the reference 1 designates a pile of a known type, which it is desired to drive into the ground 2. The head of the pile, that is to say its upper part is designated by the reference 3 and its point, i.e. its extreme part in the ground by the reference 4.

Le dispositif selon l'invention comprend tout d'abord un casque 5 qui s'adapte sur la tête du pieu. Ce casque est composé d'une plaque de base 6 qui épouse la forme de la surface supérieure du pieu, et des rebords 7 et 8 qui suivent la forme de la surface latérale du pieu, à proximité de sa surface supérieure de manière à positionner le dispositif par rapport à la tête du pieu.The device according to the invention firstly comprises a helmet 5 which fits on the head of the stake. This helmet is composed of a base plate 6 which follows the shape of the upper surface of the pile, and flanges 7 and 8 which follow the shape of the lateral surface of the pile, near its upper surface so as to position the device relative to the pile head.

La plaque de base se prolonge latéralement par deux ailes 9 et 10. Sur chacune de ces ailes sont fixés par tout moyen approprié des guides. Dans un mode préférentiel de réalisation, ces guides sont au nombre de deux, respectivement 11 et 12. Ils ont une forme cylindrique de révolution, et sont dirigés selon un axe sensiblement parallèle à l'axe 13 du pieu, de part et d'autre de celui-ci.The base plate is extended laterally by two wings 9 and 10. Guides are attached to each of these wings by any suitable means. In a preferred embodiment, these guides are two in number, 11 and 12 respectively. They have a cylindrical shape of revolution, and are directed along an axis substantially parallel to the axis 13 of the pile, on either side of it.

Ces colonnes de guidage 11 et 12 permettent le mouvement en translation selon la direction de l'axe 13, sensiblement sans frottement, d'un mouton 14. Ce mouton est d'un type connu, et est constitué par tout matériau approprié, et par exemple par des plaques d'acier assemblées.These guide columns 11 and 12 allow the translational movement in the direction of the axis 13, substantially without friction, of a sheep 14. This sheep is of a known type, and is made of any suitable material, and by example by assembled steel plates.

Le mouton est guidé par rapport aux colonnes 11 et 12, par des douilles 15 et 16, solidaires de la masse du mouton.The sheep is guided relative to the columns 11 and 12, by sockets 15 and 16, integral with the mass of the sheep.

Sous le mouton, en contact avec sa face inférieure, se trouve une plaque de choc 17, dont le rôle est de protéger les ressorts du choc dû à la chute du mouton qui se produit lors de la descente de celui-ci. Cependant, cette plaque de choc peut être également située au niveau de la partie supérieure des ressorts eux-mêmes.Under the sheep, in contact with its underside, there is a shock plate 17, the role of which is to protect the springs from the shock due to the fall of the sheep which occurs during the descent thereof. However, this shock plate can also be located at the top of the springs themselves.

Le dispositif amortisseur se raccourcit sous l'effet d'une accumulation d'énergie, et restitue l'énergie qu'il a emmagasiné en reprenant sa longueur initiale. Dans le mode de réalisation représenté, ce dispositif amortisseur est constitué par des ressorts de compression 19, disposés parallèlement, et éventuellement guidés par des colonnes 20. Ces ressorts présentent sensiblement une longueur égale, et constituent un étage de ressorts. Pour un étage, ils sont juxtaposés, de manière à constituer une surface d'amortissement en regard de la surface inférieure du mouton. Les ressorts sont éventuellement guidés dans leur mouvement de compression et de dilatation par des colonnes 20 fixées sur la plaque de base. Ces colonnes ont une longueur inférieure à la longueur minimale de chaque ressort, lorsque ceux-ci sont comprimés au maximum. Dans un mode préférentiel de réalisation, la compression maximum correspond à une charge sensiblement égale à trois fois la charge nominale du pieu, c'est-à-dire la charge qu'il sera susceptible de porter lors de sa mise en service. Plusieurs étages de ressorts peuvent être également superposés. Dans ce cas, des plaques intermédiaires sont disposées entre les différents étages.The damping device shortens under the effect of an accumulation of energy, and restores the energy it has stored by returning to its initial length. In the embodiment shown, this damping device is constituted by compression springs 19, arranged in parallel, and possibly guided by columns 20. These springs have substantially an equal length, and constitute a stage of springs. For one floor, they are juxtaposed, so as to constitute a damping surface facing the lower surface of the sheep. The springs are optionally guided in their compression and expansion movement by columns 20 fixed on the base plate. These columns have a length less than the minimum length of each spring, when these are compressed to the maximum. In a preferred embodiment, the maximum compression corresponds to a load substantially equal to three times the nominal load of the pile, that is to say the load that it will be able to carry when it is put into service. Several stages of springs can also be superimposed. In this case, intermediate plates are arranged between the different stages.

Tout autre dispositif amortisseur se raccourcissant sous l'effet d'une accumulation d'énergie, et reprenant sa longueur initiale en restituant l'énergie qu'il a emmagasiné convient ; par exemple, des rondelles ressorts pourraient être substituées aux ressorts de compression, ou tout autre dispositif amortisseur dont le rendement est voisin de 100 %. Lors de sa chute en direction de la tête du pieu, le mouton est tout d'abord guidé le long des colonnes 11 et 13 de guidage, puis il entre en contact avec le dispositif amortisseur. Il communique alors au dispositif amortisseur l'énergie qu'il a accumulé au cours de sa chute, ce qui se traduit par une compression de celui-ci. Le dispositif amortisseur restitue ensuite l'énergie qui n'a pas été utilisée pour l'enfoncement en reprenant sa longueur initiale.Any other damping device shortening under the effect of an accumulation of energy, and resuming its initial length by restoring the energy which it has stored is suitable; for example, spring washers could be substituted for compression springs, or any other damping device whose efficiency is close to 100%. When falling towards the pile head, the sheep is first guided along the guide columns 11 and 13, then it comes into contact with the damping device. It then communicates to the damping device the energy it has accumulated during its fall, which results in compression of the latter. The shock absorbing device then restores the energy which was not used for driving in by resuming its initial length.

La décompression des ressorts se traduit par un rebondissement du mouton qui remonte parallèlement à la direction 13.The decompression of the springs results in a rebound of the sheep which goes up parallel to the direction 13.

Un dispositif extérieur communique au mouton une énergie complémentaire de manière à reconstituer une quantité d'énergie déterminée, c'est-à-dire en fait à le remonter à la hauteur voulue.An external device communicates complementary energy to the sheep so as to reconstitute a determined quantity of energy, that is to say in fact to raise it to the desired height.

Dans un mode préférentiel de réalisation, ce dispositif extérieur est constitué de vérins 21 et 22. Dans le mode de réalisation représenté, ces vérins sont au nombre de deux, fixés respectivement sur chacune des ailes 9 et 10 du casque, selon une direction sensiblement parallèle à la direction 13 de l'axe du pieu. Les vérins sont placés à proximité des colonnes de guidage, de manière symétrique par rapport à l'axe 13 du pieu et du mouton.In a preferred embodiment, this external device consists of jacks 21 and 22. In the embodiment shown, these jacks are two in number, fixed respectively to each of the wings 9 and 10 of the helmet, in a substantially parallel direction to direction 13 of the pile axis. The jacks are placed close to the guide columns, symmetrically with respect to the axis 13 of the pile and the sheep.

Les tiges des vérins hydrauliques 21 et 22 sont placées en regard des butées 23 et 24 situées dans la partie supérieure du mouton, en saillie, et solidaires de celui-ci.The rods of the hydraulic cylinders 21 and 22 are placed opposite the stops 23 and 24 located in the upper part of the sheep, projecting from it, and integral with the latter.

Lors de leur mise en pression, les vérins hydrauliques projettent le mouton vers le haut après rebondissement. La sortie et la rentrée des axes 25 et 26 des vérins doivent être rapides et synchronisées avec le mouvement du mouton. Dans un mode préférentiel de réalisation, les vérins sont hydrauliques, à simple effet. Ils sont alimentés en huile respectivement par des canalisations 27 et 28, situées dans la partie inférieure de ceux-ci qui les relient au groupe de commande hydraulique 29. Ce groupe de commande peut être fixé sur une plaque 30 solidarisée au casque 6 dans sa partie inférieure.When pressurized, the hydraulic cylinders project the sheep upwards after rebound. The output and re-entry of axes 25 and 26 of the cylinders must be rapid and synchronized with the movement of the sheep. In a preferred embodiment, the jacks are hydraulic, single acting. They are supplied with oil respectively by pipes 27 and 28, located in the lower part of these which connect them to the hydraulic control group 29. This control group can be fixed on a plate 30 secured to the helmet 6 in its part lower.

En synchronisation avec le mouvement de rebondissement du mouton sur le dispositif amortisseur, les vérins sont mis en pression, ce qui provoque la sortie des axes 25 et 26, et leur poussée respectivement contre les butées 23 et 24 du mouton.In synchronization with the rebound movement of the sheep on the damping device, the jacks are pressurized, which causes the axes 25 and 26 to exit, and push them respectively against the stops 23 and 24 of the sheep.

Lors de leur sortie, les axes des vérins compriment des ressorts de compression situés à l'extérieur de ceux-ci. Dans la figure 2, le ressort de compression 31 du vérin 22 est représenté. Ces rèssorts rappellent les axes du vérin dès que la mise sous pression de ceux-ci est arrêtée. Il faut remarquer que la rentrée des axes dans le vérin doit se produire avant le mouvement de retombée du mouton, afin qu'il n'y ait pas de choc entre les butées 23 et 24 et l'extrémité des axes des vérins. Il faut également remarquer que la hauteur du vérin lorsque son axe est rentré à l'intérieur du corps est inférieure à la hauteur minimale à laquelle le mouton descend lors de ses mouvements.When they exit, the axes of the cylinders compress compression springs located outside of them. In Figure 2, the compression spring 31 of the cylinder 22 is shown. These springs recall the axes of the jack as soon as the pressurization thereof is stopped. It should be noted that the re-entry of the axes into the jack must occur before the sheep fall back movement, so that there is no impact between the stops 23 and 24 and the end of the axes of the jacks. It should also be noted that the height of the jack when its axis is inside the body is less than the minimum height to which the sheep descends during its movements.

Etant donné que le mouvement des axes des vérins est excessivement rapide, l'invention prévoit tout dispositif approprié de manière à amortir le choc des axes des vérins contre les butées, et le choc des axes des vérins en fin de course dans leur mouvement de rentrée dans le corps des vérins. De tels dispositifs peuvent être par exemple des ressorts anti-chocs ou des amortisseurs hydrauliques.Since the movement of the axes of the cylinders is excessively rapid, the invention provides any suitable device so as to absorb the impact of the axes of the cylinders against the stops, and the impact of the axes of the cylinders at the end of their travel movement. in the body of the cylinders. Such devices may for example be shock springs or hydraulic shock absorbers.

A titre d'exemple, on a obtenu de bons résultats avec une force de pousée des vérins 4 à 5 fois supérieure au poids du mouton.By way of example, good results have been obtained with a pushing force on the jacks 4 to 5 times greater than the weight of the sheep.

Pour permettre le mouvement très rapide des vérins, de l'huile sous haute pression ainsi que les distributeurs à grand débit sont nécessaires.To allow very rapid movement of the cylinders, high pressure oil and high flow distributors are required.

Le dispositif de commande des vérins va maintenant être décrit à titre indicatif, en effet d'autres dispositifs de commande pourraient être adoptés sans que l'on sorte pour autant du cadre de l'invention. Ce dispositif est schématisé en figure 3. Il comprend tout d'abord un moteur propulsif 32, qui commande une pompe hydraulique 33. Cette pompe puise l'huile dans un réservoir 34 et l'envoie sous pression dans un accumulateur 35. L'huile est maintenue sous haute pression dans cet accumulateur 35.The actuator control device will now be described for information, in fact other control devices could be adopted without departing from the scope of the invention. This device is shown diagrammatically in FIG. 3. It firstly comprises a propulsion motor 32, which controls a hydraulic pump 33. This pump draws oil from a reservoir 34 and sends it under pressure to an accumulator 35. The oil is maintained under high pressure in this accumulator 35.

Un contacteur 36 approprié, et par exemple un contacteur magnétique détecte la présence du mouton en position inférieure, et commande un distributeur à grand débit 37. Cette commande éventuellement peut être temporisée, de manière à profiter au maximum de l'effet de rebondissement. Lorsque le distributeur est commandé, l'huile de l'accumulateur sous pression est envoyée dans le corps des vérins, provoquant ainsi la sortie très rapide de leurs axes. Une seconde temporisation commande le temps de mise sous pression des vérins et donc en fait la hauteur de remontée de ceux-ci ainsi que la hauteur de retombée du mouton. L'arrêt de la mise sous pression des vérins provoque la rentrée des axes et l'huile qui avait piloté leur sortie est refoulée dans le réservoir 34.A suitable contactor 36, and for example a magnetic contactor detects the presence of the sheep in the lower position, and controls a high-flow distributor 37. This command may possibly be delayed, so as to make the most of the rebound effect. When the distributor is ordered, the oil from the pressurized accumulator is sent into the cylinders' bodies, thus causing their axes to exit very quickly. A second time delay controls the pressurization time of the jacks and therefore in fact the rise height of the latter as well as the fall height of the sheep. Stopping the pressurization of the cylinders causes the axes to re-enter and the oil which had driven their output is discharged into the reservoir 34.

Le dispositif selon l'invention se prête facilement à une programmation électronique qui pilote automatiquement son fonctionnement. En effet, les dispositifs de mesure, et par exemple un accélèromètre 38 placé sur le mouton peut donner des informations sur l'accélération, le déplacement et l'énergie emmagasinée par celu-ci. Des dispositifs de mesure identiques doivent être placés sur le casque, de manière à être renseigné sur l'enfoncement du pieu bien que l'accéléromètre 38 puisse également remplir cette fonction.The device according to the invention easily lends itself to electronic programming which automatically controls its operation. Indeed, the measuring devices, and for example an accelerometer 38 placed on the sheep can give information on the acceleration, the displacement and the energy stored by it. Identical measuring devices must be placed on the helmet, so as to be informed about the driving in of the pile although the accelerometer 38 can also fulfill this function.

Selon une autre variante, ce sont les déplacements du mouton, sa hauteur de chute, et le déplacement de la tête du pieu qui sont mesurés. Ces mesures sont ensuite traitées, par exemple, par un microprocesseur, qui calcule en fonction d'un enfoncement du pieu la hauteur de remontée du mouton, et donc la quantité d'énergie complémentaire à lui apporter, pour l'enfoncement suivant. Eventuellement, ces calculs tiennent compte de la résistance des différentes couches de sol que traversent les pieux ou permettent de la déterminer approximativement.According to another variant, it is the movements of the sheep, its height of fall, and the movement of the head of the stake that are measured. These measurements are then processed, for example, by a microprocessor, which calculates as a function of a driving in of the pile the height of the sheep's ascent, and therefore the amount of additional energy to be supplied to it, for the following driving. Optionally, these calculations take into account the resistance of the different layers of soil through which the piles pass, or make it possible to determine it approximately.

Les différents renseignements recueillis au cours du battage peuvent être mémorisés par tout moyen approprié, et servir de justificatifs ultérieurement. Ces renseignements permettent également de connaître la résistance à l'enfoncement du pieu dans le sol.The various information collected during the threshing can be memorized by any appropriate means, and serve as supporting documents later. This information also makes it possible to determine the resistance to the pile sinking into the ground.

Le dispositif selon l'invention permet donc une transmission progressive de l'énergie accumulée par le mouton vers le pieu. Le dispositif selon l'invention permet d'éviter les déformations du pieu au-delà du domaine élastique. il permet également une augmentation de pression progressive à l'intérieur du pieu, et évite en particulier de grandes variations de pression à l'intérieur de celui-ci comme c'est le cas avec les chocs des dispositifs antérieurs. Etant donné par ailleurs que la transmission d'énergie est progressive, on évite une décompression du pieu vers le haut et vers le bas, et donc une perte d'énergie transmise au pieu, ainsi que des sollicitations de traction à l'intérieur de celui-ci.The device according to the invention therefore allows a progressive transmission of the energy accumulated by the sheep towards the stake. The device according to the invention makes it possible to avoid deformations of the pile beyond the elastic range. it also allows a gradual increase in pressure inside the pile, and in particular avoids large variations in pressure inside it as is the case with the shocks of prior devices. Given that the energy transmission is progressive, we avoid decompression of the pile up and down, and therefore a loss of energy transmitted to the pile, as well as tensile stresses inside that -this.

De ce fait, le procédé de battage selon l'invention trouve une application avantageuse dans le battage de pieux constitués de plusieurs éléments superposés. Ainsi, à titre d'exemple, un pieu de 21 m pourra être réalisé par le battage successif de trois éléments de 7 m superposés. Ceci réduit la hauteur du pieu hors du sol et exige donc des moyens moins hauts pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé. Avec les procédés antérieurs, les sollicitations de tractions créent des problèmes au niveau de la jonction des éléments.Therefore, the threshing method according to the invention finds an advantageous application in the threshing of piles made up of several superimposed elements. Thus, for example, a 21 m pile can be made by successively threshing three 7 m elements superimposed. This reduces the height of the pile above the ground and therefore requires lower means for implementing the method. With the previous methods, the stresses of traction create problems at the level of the junction of the elements.

Les vibrations dans le sol sont pratiquement nulles. il faut remarquer également que l'élasticité du pieu, ainsi que l'élasticité du sol restituent de l'énergie après enfoncement du pieu, au même titre que les ressorts et est récupérée pour la remontée du mouton.The vibrations in the ground are practically zero. it should also be noted that the elasticity of the pile, as well as the elasticity of the ground, restore energy after the pile is driven in, just like the springs and is recovered for the ascent of the sheep.

Il faut également remarquer que lorsque le mouton tombe sur le dispositif amortisseur, celui-ci se comprime jusqu'à ce qu'il soit en mesure de transmettre au pieu une force au moins égale à la résistance du pieu dans le sol. Une fois que cette force est dépassée, le mouton et le pieu descendent ensemble jusqu'à ce que la plupart de l'énergie accumulée ait été transférée dans le pieu. Le dispositif amortisseur, ainsi que le pieu et le sol par leur élasticité restituent une énergie qui correspond à la résistance à l'enfoncement du pieu dans le sol. Par enregistrement des différentes données, il est possible de connaître la valeur de cette résistance vis-à-vis de la charge nominale du pieu.It should also be noted that when the sheep falls on the damping device, the latter compresses until it is able to transmit to the pile a force at least equal to the resistance of the pile in the ground. Once this force is exceeded, the sheep and the stake descend together until most of the accumulated energy has been transferred to the stake. The shock-absorbing device, as well as the pile and the ground by their elasticity, restore an energy which corresponds to the resistance to the penetration of the pile into the ground. By recording the various data, it is possible to know the value of this resistance vis-à-vis the nominal pile load.

Des dispositifs mettant en oeuvre le procédé selon l'invention vont maintenant être décrits en référence à la figure 4 dans l'application au battage et à l'extraction d'un tube et en référence à la figure 5 en application du palplanche. Les tubes sont généralement utilisés comme moule à l'intérieur duquel on coule un pieu en béton. Ils sont donc tout dabord battus dans le sol, puis du béton est coulé à l'intérieur et on extrait ensuite les tubes du sol. Le dispositif qui va être décrit permet de réaliser à la fois le battage du tube et son extraction.Devices implementing the method according to the invention will now be described with reference to FIG. 4 in the application to the threshing and extraction of a tube and with reference to FIG. 5 in application of the sheet pile. The tubes are generally used as a mold inside which a concrete pile is poured. They are therefore first beaten into the ground, then concrete is poured inside and the tubes are then extracted from the ground. The device which will be described makes it possible to both beat the tube and extract it.

On a représenté en figure 4 un tube 38, présentant à son extrémité un bouchon 39, obturé par une plaque de fermeture 40. Après le battage du tube, la plaque de fermeture 40 est abandonnée au fond du trou, ce qui permet l'injection du béton au fur et à mesure de l'extraction du tube. Dans sa partie supérieure, le tube 38 comprend un réservoir à béton 41.FIG. 4 shows a tube 38, having at its end a plug 39, closed by a closure plate 40. After threshing of the tube, the closure plate 40 is left at the bottom of the hole, which allows injection concrete as the tube is extracted. In its upper part, the tube 38 comprises a concrete tank 41.

Le tube présente, par ailleurs, des encoches annulaires 42 au niveau de sa périphérie extérieure. Ces encoches sont réparties à différentes hauteurs du tube, et leur utilité apparaîtra ultérieurement.The tube also has annular notches 42 at its outer periphery. These notches are distributed at different heights of the tube, and their usefulness will appear later.

Le dispositif selon la présente invention, permettant de battre et d'extraire le tube 38 comprend un casque principal 43, composé d'un casque inférieur 44 et d'un casque supérieur 45 solidarisés entre eux, par exemple par des montants 46. Les deux casques sont traversés par le tube qui sert à ce niveau de guidage.The device according to the present invention, making it possible to beat and extract the tube 38 comprises a main helmet 43, composed of a lower helmet 44 and an upper helmet 45 joined together, for example by uprights 46. The two helmets are crossed by the tube which is used for this level of guidance.

Avantageusement, le casque 43 est soutenu par un engin de chantier, tel que par exemple une grue, un engin à bras télescopique, etc... Cet engin permet de régler la hauteur du casque 43 par rapport au sol, en fonction de l'enfoncement du tube dans celui-ci.Advantageously, the helmet 43 is supported by a construction machine, such as for example a crane, a machine with telescopic arm, etc. This machine makes it possible to adjust the height of the helmet 43 relative to the ground, according to the sinking of the tube therein.

Les casques inférieur 44 est supérieur 45 sont par ailleurs reliés par des colonnes de guidage 47, d'axes sensiblement parallèles à l'axe du tube. Deux colonnes sont représentées en figure 4, ce nombre cependant n'est pas limitatif.The lower 44 and upper 45 helmets are also connected by guide columns 47, with axes substantially parallel to the axis of the tube. Two columns are shown in Figure 4, this number however is not limiting.

Le dispositif comprend par ailleurs un dispositif amortisseur inférieur 48 et un dispositif amortisseur supérieur 49. Ces deux dispositifs sont mobiles et réglables en hauteur par rapport au tube.The device also comprises a lower damping device 48 and an upper damping device 49. These two devices are movable and adjustable in height relative to the tube.

Des moyens, schématisés par des vérins 50 manoeuvrant des verrous 51 permettent d'immobiliser respectivement chaque dispositif amortisseur par rapport au tube tel que cela est schématisé en figure 4, cette immobilisation se produit par engagement des verrous 51 dans les encoches annulaires 42 du tube.Means, shown diagrammatically by jacks 50 operating locks 51 make it possible to immobilize each damping device respectively with respect to the tube as shown diagrammatically in FIG. 4, this immobilization occurs by engagement of the locks 51 in the annular notches 42 of the tube.

Tout moyen approprié, et par exemple des vérins hydrauliques 52 reliés au casque inférieur 44 pour le dispositif amortisseur inférieur 48, et des câbles 53 reliés au casque supérieur 45 pour le dispositif amortisseur supérieur 49 permettent de régler la hauteur des dispositifs 48 et 49. Ce réglage permet de mettre les verrous 51 au regard des encoches 42 qui sont à la hauteur la plus appropriée.Any suitable means, and for example hydraulic cylinders 52 connected to the lower helmet 44 for the lower shock absorber device 48, and cables 53 connected to the upper helmet 45 for the upper shock absorber device 49 make it possible to adjust the height of the devices 48 and 49. This adjustment allows the latches 51 to be placed facing the notches 42 which are at the most appropriate height.

Respectivement à la face supérieure du dispositif amortisseur inférieur 48, et à la face inférieure du dispositif amortisseur supérieur 49 se trouve un étage, par exemple, de ressorts amortisseurs 54 et 55, ainsi qu'une plaque de chocs, 56 et 57. Entre les dispositifs amortisseurs 48 et 49, évolue le mouton 58. Les dispositifs amortisseurs 48 et 49 ainsi que le mouton 58 sont guidés d'une part par le tube, et d'autre part par les colonnes de guidage 47.Respectively on the upper face of the lower damper device 48, and on the lower face of the upper damper device 49 there is a stage, for example, of damper springs 54 and 55, as well as a shock plate, 56 and 57. Between the damping devices 48 and 49, the sheep 58 evolves. The damping devices 48 and 49 as well as the sheep 58 are guided on the one hand by the tube, and on the other hand by the guide columns 47.

Des vérins hydrauliques 59, solidaires du dispositif amortisseur inférieur 48 permettent d'apporter au mouton une quantité d'énergie complémentaire, tel que cela a été décrit précédemment.Hydraulic cylinders 59, integral with the lower damping device 48 make it possible to provide the sheep with an additional amount of energy, as described above.

Lors du battage du tube, le dispositif amortisseur supérieur est placé hors de portée du mouton 58, et le battage se déroule comme cela a été décrit précédemment.When threshing the tube, the upper damping device is placed out of reach of the sheep 58, and the threshing takes place as described above.

Pour l'extraction du tube, le mouton est projeté vers le haut par les vérins 59, entre en contact avec la plaque de choc 57 du dispositif amortisseur supérieur 49, comprime les ressorts 55. Cette compression correspond à un transfert d'énergie au dispositif amortisseur supérieur. L'énergie qui n'a pas été utilisée pour l'extraction du tube est restituée par la décompression des ressorts 55 qui renvoie le mouton vers le bas. A cette énergie s'ajoute par ailleurs l'énergie de chute du mouton en direction du dispositif amortisseur inférieur.For the extraction of the tube, the sheep is projected upwards by the jacks 59, comes into contact with the shock plate 57 of the upper damping device 49, compresses the springs 55. This compression corresponds to a transfer of energy to the device upper shock absorber. The energy which was not used for the extraction of the tube is restored by the decompression of the springs 55 which returns the sheep down. In addition to this energy is added the energy of the sheep falling towards the lower damping device.

A la fin de son mouvement de descente, le mouton entre en contact avec la plaque de choc 56, et au ressort 54 qui absorbe puis restitue l'énergie. Cette énergie est complétée par une quantité d'énergie délivrée par le vérin hydraulique 59. tel que cela a été décrit précédemment, l'ensemble des paramètres est mesuré, de manière à maîtriser l'extraction.At the end of its downward movement, the sheep comes into contact with the shock plate 56, and at the spring 54 which absorbs and then restores the energy. This energy is supplemented by an amount of energy delivered by the hydraulic cylinder 59. as described above, all of the parameters are measured, so as to control the extraction.

Dans certains cas, la chute du mouton vers le bas pourra être amortie par les vérins hydrauliques 59, dans leur mouvement de rentrée. Dans ce cas, l'énergie est récupérée au niveau du groupe hydraulique qui pilote le fonctionnement de ces vérins sous forme de pression.In some cases, the fall of the sheep down may be absorbed by the hydraulic cylinders 59, in their reentry movement. In this case, the energy is recovered from the hydraulic unit which controls the operation of these jacks in the form of pressure.

Le réglage en hauteur des différents éléments permet de tenir compte de la profondeur d'enfoncement du tube dans le sol.The height adjustment of the different elements allows to take into account the depth of insertion of the tube in the ground.

Il faut remarquer par ailleurs qu'avantageusement, le bouchon 39, à l'extrémité inférieure du tube 38 présente un diamètre supérieur au diamètre extérieur du tube, et est amovible. Ainsi, avec un même tube 38 il est possible de réaliser des pieux de diamètres différents, en faisant varier le diamètre extérieur du bouchon 39.It should also be noted that advantageously, the plug 39 at the lower end of the tube 38 has a diameter greater than the outside diameter of the tube, and is removable. Thus, with the same tube 38 it is possible to produce piles of different diameters, by varying the outside diameter of the plug 39.

Par ailleurs, lors de l'extraction, il est avantageux d'exercer sur le tube une force verticale dirigée vers le haut, à laquelle le dispositif d'extraction apporte un complément.Furthermore, during extraction, it is advantageous to exert on the tube a vertical force directed upwards, to which the extraction device provides a complement.

La figure 5 schématise un dispositif d'extraction selon la présente invention pour l'extraction de palplanches. Une palplanche 60 a été représentée dans cette figure, vue de profil. Le dispositif d'extraction comprend un casque supérieur 61, maintenu et soumis à une force verticale vers le haut, par exemple au moyen de deux câbles 62. Ces câbles sont par exemple reliés à un engin de chantier, tel qu'une grue ou un engin mobile muni d'un bras télescopique.Figure 5 shows schematically an extraction device according to the present invention for the extraction of sheet piles. A sheet pile 60 has been shown in this figure, seen in profile. The extraction device comprises an upper helmet 61, maintained and subjected to an upward vertical force, for example by means of two cables 62. These cables are for example connected to a construction machine, such as a crane or a mobile machine fitted with a telescopic arm.

Le dispositif comprend par ailleurs deux colonnes de guidage 63 et 64, sensiblement parallèles à l'axe 65 de la palplanche.The device also comprises two guide columns 63 and 64, substantially parallel to the axis 65 of the sheet pile.

Dans sa partie inférieure, il comprend une pince 66 solidarisée aux colonnes de guidage 63 et 64. Avantageusement, cette pince comprend une mâchoire 67 auto-serrante qui pince la palplanche pour un mouvement du dispositif vers le haut. Elle est d'un type connu.In its lower part, it comprises a clamp 66 secured to the guide columns 63 and 64. Advantageously, this clamp comprises a self-clamping jaw 67 which clamps the sheet pile for an upward movement of the device. She is of a known type.

Au niveau de la face inférieure du casque 61 se trouve le dispositif amortisseur, constitué d'un étage de ressorts 68 et d'une plaque de choc 69. Un mouton 70 est situé entre les dispositifs amortisseurs et la pince 66. Il est projeté vers le haut au moyen de vérins hydrauliques 71 solidaires de la pince 66. La disposition relative des colonnes de guidage et des vérins 71 peut être, par exemple, sensiblement identique à celle des figures 1 à 3.At the level of the lower face of the helmet 61 is the damping device, consisting of a stage of springs 68 and a shock plate 69. A sheep 70 is located between the damping devices and the clamp 66. It is projected towards the top by means of hydraulic jacks 71 integral with the clamp 66. The relative arrangement of the guide columns and jacks 71 may, for example, be substantially identical to that of FIGS. 1 to 3.

Le mouton est projeté vers le haut par les vérins 71, entre en contact avec la plaque de choc 69 et comprime les ressorts 68. De ce fait, il transfère la quantité d'énergie qui lui a été donnée. Une partie est restituée par les ressorts 68 qui renvoient, en se décomprimant, le mouton vers le bas. De préférence, les tiges des vérins 71 restent sorties, et amortissent le mouvement de descente du mouton au fur et à mesure de leur rentrée. L'énergie restituée par le dispositif amortisseur est donc récupérée au niveau du groupe hydraulique qui commande les vérins. Il faut remarquer par ailleurs que les câbles 62 exercent sur la palplanche une traction auquel le dispositif d'extraction apporte un complément.The sheep is projected upwards by the jacks 71, comes into contact with the shock plate 69 and compresses the springs 68. Therefore, it transfers the amount of energy which has been given to it. Part is returned by the springs 68 which return, by decompressing, the sheep down. Preferably, the rods of the jacks 71 remain extended, and absorb the downward movement of the sheep as and when they return. The energy returned by the damping device is therefore recovered at the level of the hydraulic unit which controls the jacks. It should also be noted that the cables 62 exert traction on the sheet pile to which the extraction device provides a complement.

Avantageusement, la pince 66 permet de saisir simultanément deux palplanches ou plus.Advantageously, the clamp 66 makes it possible to grip two or more sheet piles simultaneously.

Claims (4)

1. A process for driving into the ground or removing from the ground elements such as piles (1), tubes or sheeting piles (60) in which
- a given amount of kinetic energy is formed by moving a ram (14, 70) which is directed in the direction of movement of the head of the element (1, 60),
- the ram (14, 70) is gradually slowed down by resilient means (19, 68) integral with the head of the element (1, 60) which accumulate the kinetic energy in potential form, the resulting force of the deceleration being communicated to the head of the element (1, 60),
- the potential energy accumulated by the resilient means (19, 68) and which has not been absorbed by the movement of the element (1, 60) is retransferred to the ram (14, 70) in the form of kinetic energy, characterized in that :
- this energy is increased by the action of hydraulic cylinders (21, 22 and 71) and this energy is transformed into potential energy corresponding to a greater height of the ram (14, 70) above the head of the element (1, 60),
- the ram (14, 70) is driven back towards the head of the element (1, 60) while transforming the potential height energy into kinetic energy.
2. The process for driving elements into or extracting the from the ground according to claim 1, characterized in that slowing down of the ram (14) is limited by resilient means (19) to a deceleration of about 10 g.
3. A device for implementing the process for driving in or removing elements such as piles (1) and sheeting piles (60) according to claim 1 which comprises a vertically guided ram (14, 70), a damping device inserted in the path of the ram (14, 70) and integral with the head of the element (1, 60), characterized by the fact that the damping device comprises resilient means (19, 68) adapted to gradually slow down the ram (14, 70) by compression and accumulation of potential energy and to drive back the ram (14, 70) while restoring thereto in the form of kinetic energy the potential energy stored during compression and that means in the form of actuating cylinders (21, 22 and 71) assist the ram (14, 70) during its rising movement while increasing its kinetic energy.
4. Device for removing piles (1) according to claim 3, characterized by the fact that it comprises actuating cylinders (71) adapted both to damp the downward movement of the ram (70) and to drive it vertically towards the damping device (68).
EP81440004A 1980-02-13 1981-02-05 Method and apparatus for driving or extracting elements like piles Expired EP0034559B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT81440004T ATE7936T1 (en) 1980-02-13 1981-02-05 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DRIVING IN OR WITHDRAWING ELEMENTS SUCH AS PILES.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8003633A FR2475599A1 (en) 1980-02-13 1980-02-13 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR FITTING AND EXTRACTING ELEMENTS SUCH AS PILES
FR8003633 1980-02-13

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EP0034559A1 EP0034559A1 (en) 1981-08-26
EP0034559B1 true EP0034559B1 (en) 1984-06-13

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EP81440004A Expired EP0034559B1 (en) 1980-02-13 1981-02-05 Method and apparatus for driving or extracting elements like piles

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EP (1) EP0034559B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE7936T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3164038D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2475599A1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL9101294A (en) * 1991-07-24 1993-02-16 Waal Technology & Consultancy METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DRIVING PIPES

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB466807A (en) * 1934-12-06 1937-06-07 Delmag Deutsche Elmasch Und Mo Improvements in or relating to pile ramming apparatus or the like
FR1223939A (en) * 1958-05-12 1960-06-21 Delmag Maschinenfabrik Device for pulling out piles, actuated by an explosion bell

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE329946C (en) * 1911-01-21 1920-12-02 Alexander Gibb Device for pulling out stakes or the like.

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB466807A (en) * 1934-12-06 1937-06-07 Delmag Deutsche Elmasch Und Mo Improvements in or relating to pile ramming apparatus or the like
FR1223939A (en) * 1958-05-12 1960-06-21 Delmag Maschinenfabrik Device for pulling out piles, actuated by an explosion bell

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EP0034559A1 (en) 1981-08-26
FR2475599B1 (en) 1985-01-11
ATE7936T1 (en) 1984-06-15
DE3164038D1 (en) 1984-07-19
FR2475599A1 (en) 1981-08-14

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