EP0034559A1 - Method and apparatus for driving or extracting elements like piles - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for driving or extracting elements like piles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0034559A1
EP0034559A1 EP81440004A EP81440004A EP0034559A1 EP 0034559 A1 EP0034559 A1 EP 0034559A1 EP 81440004 A EP81440004 A EP 81440004A EP 81440004 A EP81440004 A EP 81440004A EP 0034559 A1 EP0034559 A1 EP 0034559A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
energy
threshing
sheep
extraction
head
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EP81440004A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0034559B1 (en
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Gaspar Coelus
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to AT81440004T priority Critical patent/ATE7936T1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D11/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for both placing and removing sheet pile bulkheads, piles, or mould-pipes
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D13/00—Accessories for placing or removing piles or bulkheads, e.g. noise attenuating chambers
    • E02D13/10—Follow-blocks of pile-drivers or like devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for threshing and extracting elements such as piles, tubes or sheet piles.
  • the shock caused by the fall of the sheep on the head of the element lasts an excessively short time, and causes a very intense force at this level, which results in a deformation.
  • the progression of the element's deformation follows the propagation of the shock wave.
  • the deformation movement of the element therefore has a very large local acceleration.
  • the ground is linked, by friction, more or less with the barrel of the element, and is therefore also set in motion.
  • the soil opposes the element's driving movements by resistance against compression of its volume, that is to say by static resistance, but also by inertia, that is to say dynamic resistance. Part of the ground is in fact entrained by the sinking movement of an element.
  • the shock wave therefore transmits energy to the surrounding soil by increasing the pressure and the kinetic energy of the soil.
  • This energy participates only in small part in the depression of the element. For the most part, it is lost in vibrations in the ground. These vibrations are sometimes annoying and harmful for neighboring constructions.
  • the pressure of the shock wave arriving at the low point of the element must be greater than the resistance of the ground, so that the element penetrates sufficiently into the ground during the short duration of the shock. There is therefore a sudden decompression of the element, which then causes tensile stresses in the element. This traction is particularly dangerous for precast concrete elements. For a concrete pile subjected to threshing, this decompression and traction phenomenon increases the risk of damage to the element, and requires a strong and costly reinforcement.
  • One of the aims of the present invention is to propose a method and a threshing device which avoid these drawbacks and which make it possible to sink elements into the ground without creating excessive pressures in these elements, harmful vibrations in the surrounding ground, nor tensile tension following the decompression of the element.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method and a threshing device which avoid the brutal and excessively brief impact of a sheep on the head of an element.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method and an extraction device overcoming the drawbacks mentioned above.
  • the method and the threshing device according to the invention will be largely described in application to the threshing of a concrete pile. This application is not, however, limiting, and with some modifications within the reach of the skilled person, the invention can be easily extended to other elements such as tubes or sheet piles.
  • the pile driving method according to the invention consists in accumulating a determined quantity of energy, preferably above the head of the pile, and directing this quantity of energy in the direction of the pile. We then accumulate the energy, then it is gradually transmitted over time, in the pile to its tip so as to cause it to sink.
  • the accumulation and the progressive transfer of energy are ensured by a damping device which is shortened under the effect of an accumulation of energy, and lengthens while restoring the accumulated energy.
  • Part of the accumulated and transferred energy will be used to drive the pile in, the remaining part being returned by the damping device which returns to its original length.
  • This quantity of energy returned will be recovered and supplemented by an external energy supply, so as to reconstitute a new determined quantity of energy.
  • automatic measurement means determine for each cycle the amount of energy absorbed by the pile for its driving in, the amount of energy returned by the damping device, and will deduce therefrom, as a function of the driving of the stake, the amount of energy that it is necessary to provide in addition, so as to reconstitute an amount of energy.
  • a progressive transmission of energy in the pile makes it possible to avoid any shock phenomenon which generally generates deformations at the limit of elasticity.
  • the yield is clearly better since the pressurization of the pile, and of the neighboring earth, is progressive over time. This reduces the inertial effect of the earth and the stake.
  • the transmission of energy takes place for a time long enough for the pile to be fully under pressure during most of this time.
  • the acceleration of the pile is in fact minimal compared to the overall pressurization thereof, which practically reduces the phenomenon of vibrations generated in the soil, and the phenomenon of tensile stresses inside the pile during decompression. It is therefore possible by implementing the method according to the invention to use a lighter frame.
  • the acceleration due to the fall and the brutal shock of a sheep on a stake results in an acceleration, which theoretically is infinite, but which can be estimated at 400 g after lms.
  • the maximum acceleration caused in the pile by the energy transfer is of the order of 10 g.
  • the propagation of pressure in the pile, due to the brutal shock lasts from 6 to 10 ms approximately.
  • the transmission of energy lasts approximately from 100 to 200 ms.
  • the method also consists in constituting a determined quantity of energy, preferably under the head of the element. We accumulate this determined amount of energy, we transmit it gradually over time towards the head of the element, so as to favor its extraction. As in the case of threshing, the progressive transfer of energy is ensured by a damping device which is shortened under the effect of an accumulation of energy and which restores the energy which it has stored by returning to its initial length.
  • the energy which has not been used for the extraction of the tube is recovered by a second damping device, also able to shorten under the effect of an energy accumulation, and to restore the accumulated energy by taking up its initial length.
  • This energy after restitution is recovered then supplemented by an external supply of energy, so as to reconstitute a new quantity of determined energy. This new quantity of energy is again directed towards the head of the pile and the extraction cycle is renewed.
  • the second damping device and the means which make it possible to supplement the quantity of energy restored can be combined.
  • the force which is applied to the pile head is measured, which makes it possible to determine the energy which has been transmitted to the pile, its penetration and also its resistance to l 'depression.
  • These different variables can be determined by entering accelerations, speeds or displacements, as will appear later.
  • the reference 1 designates a pile of a known type, which it is desired to drive into the ground 2.
  • the head of the pile that is to say its upper part is designated by the reference 3 and its 'point, that is to say its extreme part in the ground by the reference 4.
  • the device according to the invention firstly comprises a helmet 5 which fits on the head of the stake.
  • This helmet is composed of a base plate 6 which follows the shape of the upper surface of the pile, and flanges 7 and 8 which follow the shape of the lateral surface of the pile, near its upper surface so as to position the device relative to the pile head.
  • the base plate is extended laterally by two wings 9 and 10.
  • Guides are attached to each of these wings by any suitable means.
  • these guides are two in number, 11 and 12 respectively. They have a cylindrical shape of revolution, and are directed along an axis substantially parallel to the axis 13 of the pile, on either side of it.
  • This sheep is of a known type, and is made of any suitable material, and for example by assembled steel plates.
  • the sheep is guided relative to the columns 11 and 12, by sockets 15 and 16, integral with the mass of the sheep.
  • shock plate 17 Under the sheep, in contact with its underside, there is a shock plate 17, the role of which is to protect the springs from the shock due to the fall of the sheep which occurs during the descent thereof.
  • this shock plate can also be located at the level of the top of the springs themselves.
  • this damping device shortens under the effect of an accumulation of energy, and restores the energy it has stored by returning to its initial length.
  • this damping device is constituted by compression springs 19, arranged in parallel, and possibly guided by columns 20. These springs have substantially an equal length, and constitute a stage of springs. For one floor, they are juxtaposed, so as to constitute a damping surface facing the lower surface of the sheep.
  • the springs are optionally guided in their compression and expansion movement by columns 20 fixed on the base plate. These columns have a length less than the minimum length of each spring, when these are compressed to the maximum.
  • the maximum compression corresponds to a load substantially equal to three times the nominal load of the pile, that is to say the load that it will be able to carry when it is put into service.
  • the nominal load of the pile that is to say the load that it will be able to carry when it is put into service.
  • stages of springs can also be superimposed. In this case, intermediate plates are arranged between the different stages.
  • the damping device which has just been described is not limiting, and any other device shortening under the effect of an accumulation of energy, and resuming its initial length by restoring the energy which it has stored is suitable.
  • spring washers could be substituted for compression springs, or any other damping device whose efficiency is close to 100%.
  • the sheep When it falls towards the pile head, the sheep is first guided along the guide columns 11 and 12, then it comes into contact with the damping device. It then communicates to the damping device the energy it has accumulated during its fall, which results in compression of the latter. The shock absorbing device then restores the energy which was not used for driving in by resuming its initial length.
  • An external device communicates complementary energy to the sheep so as to reconstitute a determined quantity of energy, that is to say in fact to raise it to the desired height.
  • this external device laughing consists of jacks 21 and 22.
  • these jacks are two in number, fixed respectively on each of the wings 9 and 10 of the helmet, in a direction substantially parallel to the direction 13 of the axis of the stake.
  • the jacks are placed close to the guide columns, symmetrically with respect to the axis 13 of the pile and the sheep.
  • the rods of the hydraulic cylinders 21 and 22 are placed opposite the stops 23 and 24 located in the upper part of the sheep, projecting therefrom, and integral with the latter.
  • the jacks are hydraulic, single acting. They are supplied with oil respectively by pipes 27 and 28, located in the lower part of these which connect them to the hydraulic control group 29.
  • This control group can be fixed on a plate 30 secured to the helmet 6 in its part lower.
  • the jacks are pressurized, which causes the axes 25 and 26 to exit, and push them respectively against the stops 23 and 24 of the sheep.
  • the height of the jack when its axis is inside the body is less than the minimum height to which the sheep descends during its movements.
  • the invention provides any suitable device so as to absorb the impact of the axes of the cylinders against the stops, and the impact of the axes of the cylinders at the end of their travel movement. in the body of the cylinders.
  • Such devices can for example be springs shock absorbers or hydraulic shock absorbers.
  • This device is shown diagrammatically in FIG. 3. It firstly comprises a propulsion motor 32, which controls a hydraulic pump 33. This pump draws oil from a reservoir 34 and sends it under pressure to an accumulator 35. The oil is maintained under high pressure in this accumulator 35.
  • a suitable contactor 36 detects the presence of the sheep in the lower position, and controls a high-flow distributor 37. This command may possibly be delayed, so as to make the most of the rebound effect.
  • the distributor is ordered, the oil from the pressurized accumulator is sent into the cylinders' bodies, causing their axes to exit very quickly.
  • a second time delay controls the pressurization time of the jacks and therefore in fact the rise height of the latter as well as the fall height of the sheep. Stopping the pressurization of the cylinders causes the axes to re-enter and the oil which had driven their output is discharged into the reservoir 34.
  • the device according to the invention easily lends itself to electronic programming which automatically controls its operation.
  • the measuring devices and for example an accelerometer 38 placed on the sheep can give information on the acceleration, the displacement and the energy stored by the latter.
  • Identical measuring devices must be placed on the helmet, so as to be informed about the driving in of the pile although the accelerometer 38 can also fulfill this function.
  • it is the movements of the sheep, its height of fall, and the movement of the head of the stake that are measured. These measurements are then processed, for example, by a microprocessor, which calculates the height according to a pile driving. of raising the sheep, and therefore the amount of additional energy to bring to it, for the next depression.
  • these calculations take into account the resistance of the different layers of soil through which the piles pass, or make it possible to determine it approximately.
  • the various information collected during the threshing can be memorized by any appropriate means, and serve as supporting documents later. This information also makes it possible to determine the resistance to the pile sinking into the ground.
  • the device according to the invention therefore allows a progressive transmission of the energy accumulated by the sheep towards the stake.
  • the device according to the invention makes it possible to avoid deformations of the pile beyond the elastic range. It also allows a gradual increase in pressure inside the pile, and in particular avoids large variations in pressure inside it as is the case with the shocks of previous devices. Since the energy transmission is progressive, we avoid a decompression of the pile up and down, and therefore a loss of energy transmitted to the pile, as well as tensile stresses inside that -this.
  • the threshing method according to the invention finds an advantageous application in the threshing of piles made up of several superimposed elements.
  • a 21 m pile can be made by successively threshing three 7 m elements superimposed. This reduces the height of the pile above the ground and therefore requires lower means for implementing the method.
  • the stresses of traction create problems at the level of the junction of the elements.
  • the sheep when the sheep falls on the damping device, the latter compresses until it is able to transmit to the pile a force at least equal to the resistance of the pile in the ground. Once this force is exceeded, the sheep and the stake descend together until most of the accumulated energy has been transferred to the stake.
  • the tubes are generally used as a mold inside which a concrete pile is poured. They are therefore first beaten into the ground, then concrete is poured inside and the tubes are then extracted from the ground.
  • the device which will be described makes it possible to both beat the tube and extract it.
  • FIG. 4 shows a tube 38, having at its end a plug 39, closed by a closure plate 40. After threshing of the tube, the closure plate 40 is left at the bottom of the hole, which allows injection concrete as the tube is extracted.
  • the tube 38 comprises a concrete tank 41.
  • the tube also has annular notches 42 at its outer periphery. These notches are distributed at different heights of the tube, and their usefulness will appear later.
  • the two helmets are crossed by the tube which is used for this level of guidance.
  • the helmet 43 is supported by a construction machine, such as for example a crane, a machine with telescopic arm, etc.
  • This machine makes it possible to adjust the height of the helmet 43 relative to the ground, depending on the sinking of the tube therein.
  • the lower 44 and upper 45 helmets are also connected by guide columns 47, with axes substantially parallel to the axis of the tube. Two columns are shown in Figure 4, this number however is not limiting.
  • the device also comprises a lower damping device 48 and an upper damping device 49. These two devices are movable and adjustable in height relative to the tube.
  • Means, shown diagrammatically by jacks 50 operating locks 51 make it possible to immobilize each device respectively shock absorber relative to the tube as shown in FIG. 4, this immobilization occurs by engagement of the latches 51 in the annular notches 42 of the tube.
  • Any suitable means for example hydraulic jacks 52 connected to the lower helmet 44 for the lower shock absorber device 48, and cables 53 connected to the upper helmet 45 for the upper shock absorber device 49 make it possible to adjust the height of the devices 48 and 49. This adjustment allows the latches 51 to be placed facing the notches 42 which are at the most appropriate height.
  • Hydraulic cylinders 59, integral with the lower damping device 48 make it possible to provide the sheep with an additional amount of energy, as described above.
  • the upper damping device When threshing the tube, the upper damping device is placed out of reach of the sheep 58, and threshing takes place as described above.
  • the sheep For the extraction of the tube, the sheep is projected upwards by the jacks 59, comes into contact with the shock plate 57 of the upper damping device 49, compresses the springs 55. This compression corresponds to a transfer of energy to the device upper shock absorber. The energy which was not used for the extraction of the tube is restored by the decompression of the springs 55 which returns the sheep down. In addition to this energy is added the energy of the sheep falling towards the lower damping device.
  • the sheep comes into contact with the shock plate 56, and at the spring 54 which absorbs and then restores the energy.
  • This energy is supplemented by an amount of energy delivered by the hydraulic cylinder 59.
  • all of the parameters are measured, so as to control the extraction.
  • the fall of the sheep down may be dampened by the hydraulic cylinders 59, in their movement of ren very.
  • the energy is recovered from the hydraulic unit which controls the operation of these jacks in the form of pressure.
  • the height adjustment of the different elements allows to take into account the depth of insertion of the tube in the ground.
  • the plug 39 at the lower end of the tube 38 has a diameter greater than the outside diameter of the tube, and is removable.
  • the plug 39 at the lower end of the tube 38 has a diameter greater than the outside diameter of the tube, and is removable.
  • FIG. 5 shows schematically an extraction device according to the present invention for the extraction of sheet piles.
  • a sheet pile 60 has been shown in this figure, seen in profile.
  • the extraction device comprises an upper helmet 61, maintained and subjected to an upward vertical force, for example by means of two cables 62. These cables are for example connected to a construction machine, such as a crane or a mobile machine fitted with a telescopic arm.
  • the device also comprises two guide columns 63 and 64, substantially parallel to the axis 65 of the sheet pile.
  • this clamp In its lower part, it comprises a clamp 66 secured to the guide columns 63 and 64.
  • this clamp comprises a self-clamping jaw 67 which clamps the sheet pile for an upward movement of the device. She is of a known type.
  • the shock absorbing device consisting of a stage of springs 68 and a shock plate 69.
  • a sheep 70 is located between the shock absorbing devices and the clamp 66. It is projected towards the top by means of hydraulic jacks 71 integral with the clamp 66.
  • the relative arrangement of the guide columns and jacks 71 may, for example, be substantially identical to that of FIGS. 1 to 3.
  • the sheep is projected upwards by the jacks 71, comes into contact with the shock plate 69 and compresses the springs 68. As a result, it transfers the amount of energy which has been given to it. Part is returned by the springs 68 which return, by decompressing, the sheep down. Preferably, the rods of the jacks 71 remain extended, and absorb the downward movement of the sheep as and when their comeback. The energy returned by the damping device is therefore recovered at the level of the hydraulic unit which controls the jacks. It should also be noted that the cables 62 exert traction on the sheet pile to which the extraction device provides a complement.
  • the clamp 66 makes it possible to grip two or more sheet piles simultaneously.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Placing Or Removing Of Piles Or Sheet Piles, Or Accessories Thereof (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)

Abstract

1. A process for driving into the ground or removing from the ground elements such as piles (1), tubes or sheeting piles (60) in which - a given amount of kinetic energy is formed by moving a ram (14, 70) which is directed in the diretion of movement of the head of the element (1, 60), - the ram (14, 70) is gradually slowed down by resilient means (19, 68) integral with the head of the element (1, 60) which accumulate the kinetic energy in potential form, the resulting force of the deceleration being communicated to the head of the element (1, 60), - the potential energy accumulated by the resilient means (19, 68) and which has not been absorbed by the movement of the element (1, 60) is retransferred to the ram (14, 70) in the form of kinetic energy, characterized in that : - this energy is increased by the action of hydraulic cylinders (21, 22 and 71) and this energy is transformed into potential energy corresponding to a greater height of the ram (14, 70) above the head of the element (1, 60), - the ram (14, 70) is driven back towards the head of the element (1, 60) while transforming the potential height energy into kinetic energy.

Description

L'invention est relative à un procédé et à un dispositif de battage et d'extraction d'éléments tels que des pieux, des tubes ou des palplanches.The invention relates to a method and a device for threshing and extracting elements such as piles, tubes or sheet piles.

Actuellement, pour battre des éléments tels que des pieux, des tubes ou des palplanches, on utilise des treuils de battage, ou des marteaux à vapeur, à air comprimé ou diesel. Le principe de ces différents dispositifs est la chute d'un mouton sur la tête de l'élément. De cette chute, résulte un choc qui provoque une augmentation brutale de la pression dans l'élément. Cette augmentation de pression se propage, à la vitesse du son, jusqu'à la pointe de l'élément. Ensuite, l'élément pénètre dans le sol avec une vitesse résultant de l'excédent de cette pression sur la pression de résistance du sol.Currently, to beat elements such as piles, tubes or sheet piles, threshing winches are used, or hammers with steam, compressed air or diesel. The principle of these various devices is the fall of a sheep on the head of the element. From this fall results in a shock which causes a sudden increase in the pressure in the element. This increase in pressure propagates, at the speed of sound, to the tip of the element. Then, the element penetrates into the soil with a speed resulting from the excess of this pressure over the resistance pressure of the soil.

En tête de l'élément, l'augmentation de pression provoquée par le choc est très grande. Parfois, elle dépasse la partie linéaire de la loi d'élasticité, il en résulte des déformations résiduelles et des risques de fissuration.At the head of the element, the pressure increase caused by the shock is very large. Sometimes, it exceeds the linear part of the law of elasticity, it results in residual deformations and risks of cracking.

Le choc engendré par la chute du mouton sur la tête de l'élément dure un temps excessivement court, et provoque une force très intense à ce niveau, ce qui se traduit par une déformation. La progression de la déformation de l'élément suit la propagation de l'onde de choc. Le mouvement de déformation de l'élément présente donc une très grande accélération locale. Le sol est lié, par friction, plus ou moins avec le fût de l'élément, et est donc aussi mis en mouvement. Le sol s'oppose aux mouvements d'enfoncement de l'élément par résistance contre la compression de son volume, c'est-à-dire par résistance statique, mais aussi par inertie, c'est-à-dire résistance dynamique. Une partie du sol est en effet entraînée par le mouvement d'enfoncement d'un élément.The shock caused by the fall of the sheep on the head of the element lasts an excessively short time, and causes a very intense force at this level, which results in a deformation. The progression of the element's deformation follows the propagation of the shock wave. The deformation movement of the element therefore has a very large local acceleration. The ground is linked, by friction, more or less with the barrel of the element, and is therefore also set in motion. The soil opposes the element's driving movements by resistance against compression of its volume, that is to say by static resistance, but also by inertia, that is to say dynamic resistance. Part of the ground is in fact entrained by the sinking movement of an element.

Au niveau de la pointe basse de l'élément, l'onde de choc transmet donc de l'énergie au sol environnant en augmentant la pression et l'énergie cinétique du sol. Cette énergie ne participe qu'en faible partie à l'enfoncement de l'élément. Pour une grande partie, en effet, elle se perd en vibrations dans le sol. Ces vibrations sont parfois gênantes et nocives pour les constructions voisines.At the low point of the element, the shock wave therefore transmits energy to the surrounding soil by increasing the pressure and the kinetic energy of the soil. This energy participates only in small part in the depression of the element. For the most part, it is lost in vibrations in the ground. These vibrations are sometimes annoying and harmful for neighboring constructions.

La pression de l'onde de choc arrivant à la pointe basse de l'élément doit être plus grande que la résistance du sol, afin que l'élément pénètre suffisamment dans le sol pendant la courte durée du choc. Il j a donc une décompression brutale de l'élément, ce qui cause ensuite des contraintes de traction dans l'élément. Cette traction est particulièrement dangereuse pour des éléments préfabriqués en béton. Pour un pieu en béton soumis au battage , ce phénomène de décompression et de traction agrandit le risque d'endommagement de l'élément, et exige une armature forte et coûteuse.The pressure of the shock wave arriving at the low point of the element must be greater than the resistance of the ground, so that the element penetrates sufficiently into the ground during the short duration of the shock. There is therefore a sudden decompression of the element, which then causes tensile stresses in the element. This traction is particularly dangerous for precast concrete elements. For a concrete pile subjected to threshing, this decompression and traction phenomenon increases the risk of damage to the element, and requires a strong and costly reinforcement.

En résumé, les procédés de battage actuellement existants présentent un rendement faible, compte tenu de l'énergie mise en oeuvre, et présentent également des risques d'endommagement des éléments importants.In summary, the currently existing threshing methods have a low yield, taking into account the energy used, and also present risks of damage to the significant elements.

Les procédés d'extraction existants mettant en oeuvre un mouton présentent sensiblement les mêmes inconvénients.The existing extraction methods using a sheep have substantially the same drawbacks.

Un des buts de la présente invention est de proposer un procédé et un dispositif de battage qui évitent ces inconvénients et qui permettent d'enfoncer des éléments dans le sol sans créer de pressions trop grandes dans ces éléments, de vibrations nocives dans le terrain environnant, ni de tension de traction suite à la décompression de l'élément.One of the aims of the present invention is to propose a method and a threshing device which avoid these drawbacks and which make it possible to sink elements into the ground without creating excessive pressures in these elements, harmful vibrations in the surrounding ground, nor tensile tension following the decompression of the element.

Un autre but de la présente invention est de proposer un procédé et un dispositif de battage qui évitent le choc brutal et excessivement bref d'un mouton sur la tête d'un élément.Another object of the present invention is to provide a method and a threshing device which avoid the brutal and excessively brief impact of a sheep on the head of an element.

Un autre but de la présente invention est de proposer un procédé et un dispositif d'extraction remédiant aux inconvénients mentionnés ci-dessus.Another object of the present invention is to provide a method and an extraction device overcoming the drawbacks mentioned above.

Le procédé de battage dans le sol ou d'extraction du sol d'éléments tels que des pieux, des tubes ou des palplanches, selon l'invention, est caractérisé par le fait que :

  • - on constitue une quantité d'énergie déterminée que l'on dirige en direction de la tête de l'élément,
  • - on accumule la dite quantité d'énergie déterminée, et on la transmet progressivement dans le temps en direction de la pointe de l'élément, de manière à provoquer son enfoncement dans le sol pour le battage, ou vers la tête de l'élément, de manière à provoquer son extraction,
  • - on récupère l'énergie restituée qui n'a pas été utilisée respectivement pour l'enfoncement ou l'extraction, et on la complète par un apport d'énergie extérieure de manière à reconstituer une nouvelle quantité d'énergie déterminée que l'on dirige à nouveau en direction de la tête de l'élément.
The method of threshing in the ground or extracting from the ground elements such as piles, tubes or sheet piles, according to the invention, is characterized in that:
  • - a specific quantity of energy is formed which is directed towards the head of the element,
  • - the said determined quantity of energy is accumulated, and it is transmitted gradually over time in the direction of the tip of the element, so as to cause it to sink into the ground for threshing, or towards the head of the element , so as to cause its extraction,
  • - the recovered energy which has not been used respectively for the insertion or the extraction is recovered, and it is supplemented by an external energy supply so as to reconstitute a new determined quantity of energy which is again heads towards the element head.

Le dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé de battage selon l'invention est caractérisé par le fait qu'il comprend :

  • - des moyens pour constituer une quantité d'énergie déterminée,
  • - un dispositif amortisseur intercalé entre les dits moyens et la tête de l'élément pour accumuler cette énergie, la transmettre progressivement dans le temps en direction de la tête de l'élément et restituer l'énergie qui n'a pas été utilisée,
  • - des moyens pour fournir un apport extérieur d'énergie de manière à reconstituer une nouvelle quantité d'énergie déterminée.
The device for implementing the threshing method according to the invention is characterized in that it comprises:
  • - means for constituting a determined quantity of energy,
  • a damping device interposed between the said means and the head of the element to accumulate this energy, to transmit it gradually over time in the direction of the head of the element and to restore the energy which has not been used,
  • - Means for providing an external energy supply so as to reconstitute a new determined quantity of energy.

Le dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé d'extraction selon l'invention est caractérisé par le fait qu'il comprend :

  • - des moyens pour constituer une quantité d'énergie déterminée,
  • - un premier dispositif amortisseur intercalé entre les dits moyens et la tête de l'élément pour accumuler cette énergie, la transmettre progressivement dans le temps en direction de la tête de l'élément de manière à provoquer son extraction,
  • - un deuxième dispositif amortisseur situé sous les dits moyens.de manière à récupérer l'énergie restituée par les dits moyens,
  • - des moyens pour fournir un apport extérieur d'énergie de manière à reconstituer la nouvelle quantité d'énergie déterminée.
The device for implementing the extraction method according to the invention is characterized in that it comprises:
  • - means for constituting a determined quantity of energy,
  • a first damping device interposed between the said means and the head of the element to accumulate this energy, to transmit it gradually over time in the direction of the head of the element so as to cause its extraction,
  • a second damping device situated under the said means, so as to recover the energy restored by the said means,
  • - Means for providing an external supply of energy so as to reconstitute the new quantity of determined energy.

L'invention sera mieux comprise si l'on se réfère à la description ci-dessous, ainsi qu'aux dessins en annexe qui en font partie intégrante.The invention will be better understood if reference is made to the description below, as well as to the accompanying drawings which form an integral part thereof.

  • La figure 1 représente schématiquement une coupe transversale du dispositif selon l'invention disposé sur la tête d'un pieu.Figure 1 schematically shows a cross section of the device according to the invention disposed on the head of a pile.
  • La figure 2 est une vue schématique en coupe de la figure 1 selon la coupe A-A.Figure 2 is a schematic sectional view of Figure 1 according to section A-A.
  • La figure 3 est une vue en coupe schématique de la figure 1 selon la direction B-B.Figure 3 is a schematic sectional view of Figure 1 in the direction B-B.
  • La figure 4 est une vue schématique montrant le dispositif selon l'invention dans le cas du battage et de l'extraction d'un tube.Figure 4 is a schematic view showing the device according to the invention in the case of threshing and extraction of a tube.
  • La figure 5 est une vue schématique montrant le dispositif selon l'invention dans le cas de l'extraction d'une palplanche.Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the device according to the invention in the case of the extraction of a sheet pile.

Le procédé et le dispositif de battage selon l'invention vont être décrits en grande partie en application au battage d'un pieu en béton. Cette application n'est cependant pas limitative, et moyennant quelques modifications à la portée de l'Homme de l'Art, l'invention pourra être facilement étendue à d'autres éléments tels que des tubes ou des palplanches.The method and the threshing device according to the invention will be largely described in application to the threshing of a concrete pile. This application is not, however, limiting, and with some modifications within the reach of the skilled person, the invention can be easily extended to other elements such as tubes or sheet piles.

Le procédé de battage d'un pieu selon l'invention consiste à accumuler une quantité d'énergie déterminée, de préférence au-dessus de la tête du pieu, et de diriger cette quantité d'énergie en direction du pieu. On accumule alors l'énergie, puis on la transmet progressivement dans le temps, dans le pieu jusqu'à sa pointe de manière à provoquer l'enfoncement de celui-ci.The pile driving method according to the invention consists in accumulating a determined quantity of energy, preferably above the head of the pile, and directing this quantity of energy in the direction of the pile. We then accumulate the energy, then it is gradually transmitted over time, in the pile to its tip so as to cause it to sink.

L'accumulation et le transfert progressif de l'énergie sont assurés par un dispositif amortisseur qui se raccourcit sous l'effet d'une accumulation d'énergie, et se rallonge en restituant l'énergie accumulée.The accumulation and the progressive transfer of energy are ensured by a damping device which is shortened under the effect of an accumulation of energy, and lengthens while restoring the accumulated energy.

Une partie de l'énergie accumulée et transférée sera utilisée pour réaliser l'enfoncement du pieu, la partie restante étant restituée par le dispositif amortisseur qui reprend sa longueur initiale.Part of the accumulated and transferred energy will be used to drive the pile in, the remaining part being returned by the damping device which returns to its original length.

Cette quantité d'énergie restituée sera récupérée et complétée par un apport d'énergie extérieure, de manière à reconstituer une nouvelle quantité d'énergie déterminée.This quantity of energy returned will be recovered and supplemented by an external energy supply, so as to reconstitute a new determined quantity of energy.

Cette quantité d'énergie sera alors de nouveau dirigée vers la tête du pieu, et le cycle sera renouvelé.This amount of energy will then be directed back to the head of the stake, and the cycle will be renewed.

Par ailleurs, dans un mode préférentiel de réalisation, des moyens automatiques de mesure déterminent pour chaque cycle la quantité d'énergie absorbée par le pieu pour son enfoncement, la quantité d'énergie restituée par le dispositif amortisseur, et en déduiront, en fonction de l'enfoncement du pieu, la quantité d'énergie qu'il est nécessaire d'apporter en complément, de manière à reconstituer une quantité d'énergie.Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, automatic measurement means determine for each cycle the amount of energy absorbed by the pile for its driving in, the amount of energy returned by the damping device, and will deduce therefrom, as a function of the driving of the stake, the amount of energy that it is necessary to provide in addition, so as to reconstitute an amount of energy.

Une transmission progressive d'énergie dans le pieu permet d'éviter tout phénomène de choc qui engendre généralement les déformations à la limite de l'élasticité. Par ailleurs, le rendement est nettement meilleur étant donné que la mise sous pression du pieu, et de la terre avoisinante est progressive dans le temps. On diminue ainsi l'effet d'inertie de la terre et du pieu. D'autre part, la transmission d'énergie s'effectue durant un temps suffisamment long pour que le pieu se trouve entièrement en pression durant la plus grande partie de ce temps. L'accélération du pieu est en effet minime devant la mise sous pression globale de celui-ci, ce qui réduit pratiquement le phénomène de vibrations engendré dans le sol, et le phénomène de contraintes de traction à l'intérieur du pieudues à la décompression. Il est donc possible en mettant en oeuvre le procédé selon l'invention d'utiliser une armature plus légère.A progressive transmission of energy in the pile makes it possible to avoid any shock phenomenon which generally generates deformations at the limit of elasticity. In addition, the yield is clearly better since the pressurization of the pile, and of the neighboring earth, is progressive over time. This reduces the inertial effect of the earth and the stake. On the other hand, the transmission of energy takes place for a time long enough for the pile to be fully under pressure during most of this time. The acceleration of the pile is in fact minimal compared to the overall pressurization thereof, which practically reduces the phenomenon of vibrations generated in the soil, and the phenomenon of tensile stresses inside the pile during decompression. It is therefore possible by implementing the method according to the invention to use a lighter frame.

Toute l'énergie accumulée et transférée progressivement est donc utilisée pour l'enfoncement du pieu, ou restituée et récupérée. Les pertes d'énergie sont excessivement faibles comparativement aux pro- cédésde battage antérieurs.All of the energy accumulated and gradually transferred is therefore used to drive the pile in, or returned and recovered. The energy losses are excessively low compared to previous threshing processes.

A titre d'exemple, l'accélération due à la chute et au choc brutal d'un mouton sur un pieu se traduit par une accélération, qui théoriquement est infinie, mais qui peut être estimée à 400 g après lms. Comparativement, l'accélération maximale provoquée dans le pieu par le transfert d'énergie est de l'ordre de 10 g. Dans le cas desprocédés antérieurs, la propagation de la pression dans le pieu, due au choc brutal, dure de 6 à 10 ms environ. Par contre, dans le cas présent, la transmission d'énergie dure environ de 100 à 200 ms.For example, the acceleration due to the fall and the brutal shock of a sheep on a stake results in an acceleration, which theoretically is infinite, but which can be estimated at 400 g after lms. Comparatively, the maximum acceleration caused in the pile by the energy transfer is of the order of 10 g. In the case of previous processes, the propagation of pressure in the pile, due to the brutal shock, lasts from 6 to 10 ms approximately. On the other hand, in the present case, the transmission of energy lasts approximately from 100 to 200 ms.

Les chiffres relatifs au présent procédé ne sont naturellement donnés qu'à titre indicatif, et n'ont pas pour but de limiter l'invention.The figures relating to the present process are naturally given for information only, and are not intended to limit the invention.

Dans le cas de l'extraction d'un élément, tel qu'un tube ou une palplanche, le procédé consiste également à constituer une quantité d'énergie déterminée, de préférence sous la tête de l'élément. On accumule cette quantité d'énergie déterminée, on la transmet progressivement dans le temps en direction de la tête de l'élément, de manière à favoriser son extraction. Comme dans le cas du battage, le transfert progressif d'énergie est assuré par un dispositif amortisseur qui se raccourcit sous l'effet d'une accumulation d'énergie et qui restitue l'énergie qu'il a emmagasiné en reprenant sa longueur initiale.In the case of the extraction of an element, such as a tube or a sheet pile, the method also consists in constituting a determined quantity of energy, preferably under the head of the element. We accumulate this determined amount of energy, we transmit it gradually over time towards the head of the element, so as to favor its extraction. As in the case of threshing, the progressive transfer of energy is ensured by a damping device which is shortened under the effect of an accumulation of energy and which restores the energy which it has stored by returning to its initial length.

L'énergie qui n'a pas été utilisée pour l'extraction du tube est récupérée par un deuxième dispositif amortisseur, apte également à se raccourcir sous l'effet d'une accumulation d'énergie, et à restituer l'énergie accumulée en reprenant sa longueur initiale. Cette énergie après restitution est récupérée puis complétée par un apport extérieur d'énergie, de manière à reconstituer une nouvelle quantité d'énergie déterminée. Cette nouvelle quantité d'énergie est de nouveau dirigée en direction de la tête du pieu et le cycle d'extraction est renouvelé.The energy which has not been used for the extraction of the tube is recovered by a second damping device, also able to shorten under the effect of an energy accumulation, and to restore the accumulated energy by taking up its initial length. This energy after restitution is recovered then supplemented by an external supply of energy, so as to reconstitute a new quantity of determined energy. This new quantity of energy is again directed towards the head of the pile and the extraction cycle is renewed.

Dans certains cas, le deuxième dispositif amortisseur et les moyens qui permettent de compléter la quantité d'énergie restituée peuvent être confondus.In certain cases, the second damping device and the means which make it possible to supplement the quantity of energy restored can be combined.

Les avantages de ce procédé sont semblables aux avantages du procédé de battage.The advantages of this method are similar to the advantages of the threshing method.

Ils permettent également d'appliquer les formules dynamiques fiables, étant donné que l'on reste dans le domaine de l'élasticité.They also make it possible to apply reliable dynamic formulas, given that one remains in the domain of elasticity.

Selon le procédé de battage ou d'extraction de l'invention, on mesure la force qui est appliquée à la tête du pieu, ce qui permet de déterminer l'énergie qui a été transmise au pieu, son enfoncement et également sa résistance à l'enfoncement. Ces différentes variables peuvent être déterminées par la saisie d'accélérations,de vitessesou de déplacements,tel que cela apparaîtra ultérieurement.According to the threshing or extraction method of the invention, the force which is applied to the pile head is measured, which makes it possible to determine the energy which has been transmitted to the pile, its penetration and also its resistance to l 'depression. These different variables can be determined by entering accelerations, speeds or displacements, as will appear later.

Le dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre non limitative du procédé de battage selon l'invention va ê.tre maintenant décrit en référence aux figures 1, 2 et 3 en application au battage d'un pieu en béton. Dans ces figures, la référence 1 désigne un pieu d'un type connu, que l'on désire enfoncer dans le sol 2. La tête du pieu, c'est-à-dire sa partie supérieure est désignée par la référence 3 et sa'pointe, c'est-à-dire sa partie extrême dans le sol par la référence 4.The device for the non-limiting implementation of the threshing process according to the invention will now be described with reference to FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 in application to the threshing of a concrete pile. In these figures, the reference 1 designates a pile of a known type, which it is desired to drive into the ground 2. The head of the pile, that is to say its upper part is designated by the reference 3 and its 'point, that is to say its extreme part in the ground by the reference 4.

Le dispositif selon l'invention comprend tout d'abord un casque 5 qui s'adapte sur la tête du pieu. Ce casque est composé d'une plaque de base 6 qui épouse la forme de la surface supérieure du pieu, et des rebords 7 et 8 qui suivent la forme de la surface latérale du pieu, à proximité de sa surface supérieure de manière à positionner le dispositif par rapport à la tête du pieu.The device according to the invention firstly comprises a helmet 5 which fits on the head of the stake. This helmet is composed of a base plate 6 which follows the shape of the upper surface of the pile, and flanges 7 and 8 which follow the shape of the lateral surface of the pile, near its upper surface so as to position the device relative to the pile head.

La plaque de base se prolonge latéralement par deux ailes 9 et 10. Sur chacune de ces ailes sont fixés par tout moyen approprié des guides. Dans un mode préférentiel de réalisation, ces guides sont au nombre de deux, respectivement 11 et 12. Ils ont une forme cylindrique de révolution, et sont dirigés selon un axe sensiblement parallèle à l'axe 13 du pieu, de part et d'autre de celui-ci.The base plate is extended laterally by two wings 9 and 10. Guides are attached to each of these wings by any suitable means. In a preferred embodiment, these guides are two in number, 11 and 12 respectively. They have a cylindrical shape of revolution, and are directed along an axis substantially parallel to the axis 13 of the pile, on either side of it.

Ces colonnes de-guidage 11 et 12 permettent le mouvement en translation selon la direction de l'axe 13, sensiblement sans frottement, d'un mouton 14. Ce mouton est d'un type connu, et est constitué par tout matériau approprié, et par exemple par des plaques d'acier assemblées.These guide columns 11 and 12 allow the translational movement in the direction of the axis 13, substantially without friction, of a sheep 14. This sheep is of a known type, and is made of any suitable material, and for example by assembled steel plates.

Le mouton est guidé par rapport aux colonnes 11 et 12, par des douilles 15 et 16, solidaires de la masse du mouton.The sheep is guided relative to the columns 11 and 12, by sockets 15 and 16, integral with the mass of the sheep.

Sous le mouton, en contact avec sa face inférieure, se trouve une plaque de choc 17, dont le rôle est de protéger les ressorts du choc dû à la chute du mouton qui se produit lors de la descente de celui-ci. Cependant, cette plaque de choc peut être également située au niveau de la partie supérieure des ressorts eux-mêmes.Under the sheep, in contact with its underside, there is a shock plate 17, the role of which is to protect the springs from the shock due to the fall of the sheep which occurs during the descent thereof. However, this shock plate can also be located at the level of the top of the springs themselves.

Le dispositif amortisseur se raccourcit sous l'effet d'une accumulation d'énergie, et restitue l'énergie qu'il a emmagasiné en reprenant sa longueur initiale. Dans le mode de réalisation représenté, ce dispositif amortisseur est constitué par des ressorts de compression 19, disposés parallèlement, et éventuellement guidés par des colonnes 20. Ces ressorts présentent sensiblement une longueur égale, et constituent un étage de ressorts. Pour un étage, ils sont juxtaposés, de manière à constituer une surface d'amortissement en regard de la surface inférieure du mouton. Les ressorts sont éventuellement guidés dans leur mouvement de compression et de dilatation par des colonnes 20 fixées sur la plaque de base. Ces colonnes ont une longueur inférieure à la longueur minimale de chaque ressort, lorsque ceux-ci sont comprimés au maximum. Dans un mode préférentiel de réalisation, la compression maximum correspond à une charge sensiblement égale à trois fois la charge nominale du pieu, c'est-à-dire la charge qu'il sera susceptible de porter lors de sa mise en service. Plusieurs étages de ressorts peuvent être également superposés. Dans ce cas, des plaques intermédiaires sont disposées entre les différents étages.The damping device shortens under the effect of an accumulation of energy, and restores the energy it has stored by returning to its initial length. In the embodiment shown, this damping device is constituted by compression springs 19, arranged in parallel, and possibly guided by columns 20. These springs have substantially an equal length, and constitute a stage of springs. For one floor, they are juxtaposed, so as to constitute a damping surface facing the lower surface of the sheep. The springs are optionally guided in their compression and expansion movement by columns 20 fixed on the base plate. These columns have a length less than the minimum length of each spring, when these are compressed to the maximum. In a preferred embodiment, the maximum compression corresponds to a load substantially equal to three times the nominal load of the pile, that is to say the load that it will be able to carry when it is put into service. Several stages of springs can also be superimposed. In this case, intermediate plates are arranged between the different stages.

Le dispositif amortisseur qui vient d'être décrit n'est pas limitatif, et tout autre dispositif se raccourcissant sous l'effet d'une accumulation d'énergie, et reprenant sa longueur initiale en restituant l'énergie qu'il a emmagasiné convient. Par exemple, des rondelles ressorts pourraient être substituées aux ressorts de compression, ou tout autre dispositif amortisseur dont le rendement est voisin de 100 %. Lors de sa chute en direction de la tête du pieu, le mouton est tout d'abord guidé le long des colonnes 11 et 12 de guidage, puis il entre en contact avec le dispositif amortisseur. Il communique alors au dispositif amortisseur l'énergie qu'il a accumulé au cours de sa chute, ce qui se traduit par une compression de celui-ci. Le dispositif amortisseur restitue ensuite l'énergie qui n'a pas été utilisée pour l'enfoncement en reprenant sa longueur initiale.The damping device which has just been described is not limiting, and any other device shortening under the effect of an accumulation of energy, and resuming its initial length by restoring the energy which it has stored is suitable. For example, spring washers could be substituted for compression springs, or any other damping device whose efficiency is close to 100%. When it falls towards the pile head, the sheep is first guided along the guide columns 11 and 12, then it comes into contact with the damping device. It then communicates to the damping device the energy it has accumulated during its fall, which results in compression of the latter. The shock absorbing device then restores the energy which was not used for driving in by resuming its initial length.

La décompression des ressort se traduit par un rebondissement du mouton qui remonte parallèlement à la direction 13.The decompression of the springs results in a rebound of the sheep which goes up parallel to the direction 13.

Un dispositif extérieur communique au mouton une énergie complémentaire de manière à reconstituer une quantité d'énergie déterminée, c'est-à-dire en fait à le remonter à la hauteur voulue.An external device communicates complementary energy to the sheep so as to reconstitute a determined quantity of energy, that is to say in fact to raise it to the desired height.

Dans un mode préférentiel de réalisation, ce dispositif extérieur est constitué de vérins 21 et 22. Dans le mode de réalisation représenté, ces vérins sont au nombre de deux, fixés respectivement sur chacune des ailes 9 et 10 du casque, selon une direction sensiblement parallèle à la direction 13 de l'axe du pieu. Les vérins sont placés à proximité des colonnes de guidage, de manière symétrique par rapport à l'axe 13 du pieu et du mouton.In a preferred embodiment, this external device laughing consists of jacks 21 and 22. In the embodiment shown, these jacks are two in number, fixed respectively on each of the wings 9 and 10 of the helmet, in a direction substantially parallel to the direction 13 of the axis of the stake. The jacks are placed close to the guide columns, symmetrically with respect to the axis 13 of the pile and the sheep.

Les tiges des vérins hydrauliques 21 et 22 sont placées en regard des butées 23 et 24 situées dans la partie supérieure du mouton, en saillie, et solidaires de celui-ci.The rods of the hydraulic cylinders 21 and 22 are placed opposite the stops 23 and 24 located in the upper part of the sheep, projecting therefrom, and integral with the latter.

Lors de leur mise en pression, les vérins hydrauliques projettent le mouton vers le haut après rebondissement. La sortie et la rentrée des axes 25 et 26 des vérins doivent être rapides et synchronisées avec le mouvement du mouton.When pressurized, the hydraulic cylinders project the sheep upwards after rebounding. The output and re-entry of axes 25 and 26 of the cylinders must be rapid and synchronized with the movement of the sheep.

Dans un mode préférentieLde réalisation, les vérins sont hydrauliques, à simple effet. Ils sont alimentés en huile respectivement par des canalisations 27 et 28, situées dans la partie inférieure de ceux-ci qui les relient au groupe de commande hydraulique 29. Ce groupe de commande peut être fixé sur une plaque 30 solidarisée au casque 6 dans sa partie inférieure.In a preferred embodiment, the jacks are hydraulic, single acting. They are supplied with oil respectively by pipes 27 and 28, located in the lower part of these which connect them to the hydraulic control group 29. This control group can be fixed on a plate 30 secured to the helmet 6 in its part lower.

En synchronisation avec le mouvement de rebondissement du mouton sur le dispositif amortisseur, les vérins sont mis en pression, ce qui provoque la sortie des axes 25 et 26, et leur poussée respectivement contre les butées 23 et 24 du mouton.In synchronization with the rebound movement of the sheep on the damping device, the jacks are pressurized, which causes the axes 25 and 26 to exit, and push them respectively against the stops 23 and 24 of the sheep.

Lors de leur sortie, les axes des vérins compriment des ressorts de compression situés à l'extérieur de ceux-ci. Dans la figure 2, le ressort de compression 31 du vérin 22 est représenté. Ces ressorts rappellent les axes du vérin dès que la mise sous pression de ceux-ci est arrêtée. Il faut remarquer que la rentrée des axes dans le vérin doit se produire avant le mouvement de retombée du mouton, afin qu'il n'y ait pas de choc entre les butées 23 et 24 et l'extrémité des axes des vérins.When they exit, the axes of the cylinders compress compression springs located outside of them. In Figure 2, the compression spring 31 of the cylinder 22 is shown. These springs recall the axes of the cylinder as soon as the pressurization thereof is stopped. It should be noted that the re-entry of the axes into the jack must occur before the sheep fall back movement, so that there is no impact between the stops 23 and 24 and the end of the axes of the jacks.

Il faut également remarquer que la hauteur du vérin lorsque son axe est rentré à l'intérieur du corps est inférieure à la hauteur minimale à laquelle le mouton descend lors de ses mouvements.It should also be noted that the height of the jack when its axis is inside the body is less than the minimum height to which the sheep descends during its movements.

Etant donné que le mouvement des axes des vérins est excessivement rapide, l'invention prévoit tout dispositif approprié de manière à amortir le choc des axes des vérins contre les butées, et le choc des axes des vérins en fin de course dans leur mouvement de rentrée dans le corps des vérins. De tels dispositifs peuvent être par exemple des ressorts anti-chocs ou des amortisseurs hydrauliques.Since the movement of the axes of the cylinders is excessively rapid, the invention provides any suitable device so as to absorb the impact of the axes of the cylinders against the stops, and the impact of the axes of the cylinders at the end of their travel movement. in the body of the cylinders. Such devices can for example be springs shock absorbers or hydraulic shock absorbers.

A titre d'exemple, on a obtenu de bons résultats avec une force de poussée des vérins 4 à 5 fois supérieure au poids du mouton.By way of example, good results have been obtained with a thrust force on the jacks 4 to 5 times greater than the weight of the sheep.

Pour permettre le mouvement très rapide des vérins, de l'huile sous haute pression ainsi que les distributeurs à grand débit sont nécessaires.To allow very rapid movement of the cylinders, high pressure oil and high flow distributors are required.

Le dispositif de commande des vérins va maintenant être décrit à titre indicatif, en effet d'autres dispositifs de commande pourraient être adoptés sans que l'on sorte pour autant du cadre de l'invention. Ce dispositif est schématisé en figure 3. Il comprend tout d'abord un moteur propulsif 32, qui commande une pompe hydraulique 33. Cette pompe puise l'huile dans un réservoir 34 et l'envoie sous pression dans un accumulateur 35. L'huile est maintenue sous haute pression dans cet accumulateur 35.The actuator control device will now be described for information, in fact other control devices could be adopted without departing from the scope of the invention. This device is shown diagrammatically in FIG. 3. It firstly comprises a propulsion motor 32, which controls a hydraulic pump 33. This pump draws oil from a reservoir 34 and sends it under pressure to an accumulator 35. The oil is maintained under high pressure in this accumulator 35.

Un contacteur 36 approprié, et par exemple un contacteur magnétique détecte la présence du mouton en position inférieure, et commande un distributeur à grand débit 37. Cette commande éventuellement peut être temporisée, de manière à profiter au maximum de l'effet de rebondissement. Lorsque le distributeur est commandé, l'huile de l'accumulateur sous pression.est envoyée dans le corps des vérins, provoquant ainsi la sortie très rapide de leurs axes. Une seconde temporisation commande le temps de mise sous pression des vérins et donc en fait la hauteur de remontée de ceux-ci ainsi que la hauteur de retombée du mouton. L'arrêt de la mise sous pression des vérins provoque la rentrée des axes et l'huile qui avait piloté leur sortie est refoulée dans le réservoir 34.A suitable contactor 36, and for example a magnetic contactor detects the presence of the sheep in the lower position, and controls a high-flow distributor 37. This command may possibly be delayed, so as to make the most of the rebound effect. When the distributor is ordered, the oil from the pressurized accumulator is sent into the cylinders' bodies, causing their axes to exit very quickly. A second time delay controls the pressurization time of the jacks and therefore in fact the rise height of the latter as well as the fall height of the sheep. Stopping the pressurization of the cylinders causes the axes to re-enter and the oil which had driven their output is discharged into the reservoir 34.

Le dispositif selon l'invention se prête facilement à une programmation électronique qui pilote automatiquement son fonctionnement. En effet, les dispositifs de mesure, et par exemple un accéléromètre 38 placé sur le mouton peut donner des informations sur l'accélération, le déplacement et l'énergie emmagasinée par celui-ci. Des dispositifs de mesure identiques doivent être placés sur le casque, de manière à être renseigné sur l'enfoncement du pieu bien que l'accéléromètre 38 puisse également remplir cette fonction.The device according to the invention easily lends itself to electronic programming which automatically controls its operation. Indeed, the measuring devices, and for example an accelerometer 38 placed on the sheep can give information on the acceleration, the displacement and the energy stored by the latter. Identical measuring devices must be placed on the helmet, so as to be informed about the driving in of the pile although the accelerometer 38 can also fulfill this function.

Selon une autre variante, ce sont les déplacements du mouton, sa hauteur de chute, et le déplacement de la tête du pieu qui sont mesurés. Ces mesures sont ensuite traitées , par exemple, par un microprocesseur, qui calcule en fonction d'un enfoncement du pieu la hauteur de remontée du mouton, et donc la quantité d'énergie complémentaire à lui apporter, pour l'enfoncement suivant. Eventuellement, ces calculs tiennent compte de la résistance des différentes couches de sol que traversent les pieux ou permettent de la déterminer approximativement.According to another variant, it is the movements of the sheep, its height of fall, and the movement of the head of the stake that are measured. These measurements are then processed, for example, by a microprocessor, which calculates the height according to a pile driving. of raising the sheep, and therefore the amount of additional energy to bring to it, for the next depression. Optionally, these calculations take into account the resistance of the different layers of soil through which the piles pass, or make it possible to determine it approximately.

Les différents renseignements recueillis au cours du battage peuvent être mémorisés par tout moyen approprié, et servir de justificatifs ultérieurement. Ces renseignements permettent également de connaître la résistance à l'enfoncement du pieu dans le sol.The various information collected during the threshing can be memorized by any appropriate means, and serve as supporting documents later. This information also makes it possible to determine the resistance to the pile sinking into the ground.

Le dispositif selon l'invention permet donc une transmission progressive de l'énergie accumulée par le mouton vers le pieu. Le dispositif selon l'invention permet d'éviter les déformations du pieu au-delà du domaine élastique . Il permet également une augmentation de pression progressive à l'intérieur du pieu, et évite en particulier de grandes variations de pression à l'intérieur de celui-ci comme c'est le cas avec les chocs des dispositifs antérieurs. Etant donné par ailleurs que la transmission d'énergie est progressive, on évite une décompression du pieu vers lé haut et vers le bas, et donc une perte d'énergie transmise au pieu, ainsi que des sollicitations de traction à l'intérieur de celui-ci.The device according to the invention therefore allows a progressive transmission of the energy accumulated by the sheep towards the stake. The device according to the invention makes it possible to avoid deformations of the pile beyond the elastic range. It also allows a gradual increase in pressure inside the pile, and in particular avoids large variations in pressure inside it as is the case with the shocks of previous devices. Since the energy transmission is progressive, we avoid a decompression of the pile up and down, and therefore a loss of energy transmitted to the pile, as well as tensile stresses inside that -this.

De ce fait, le procédé de battage selon l'invention trouve une application avantageuse dans le battage de pieux constitués de plusieurs éléments superposés. Ainsi, à titre d'exemple, un pieu de 21 m pourra être réalisé par la battage successif de trois éléments de 7 m superposés. Ceci réduit la hauteur du pieu hors du sol et exige donc des moyens moins hauts pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé. Avec les procédés antérieurs, les sollicitations de tractions créent des problèmes au niveau de la jonction des éléments.Therefore, the threshing method according to the invention finds an advantageous application in the threshing of piles made up of several superimposed elements. Thus, for example, a 21 m pile can be made by successively threshing three 7 m elements superimposed. This reduces the height of the pile above the ground and therefore requires lower means for implementing the method. With the previous methods, the stresses of traction create problems at the level of the junction of the elements.

Les vibrations dans le sol sont pratiquement nulles. Il faut remarquer également que l'élasticité du pieu, ainsi que l'élasticité du sol restituent de l'énergie après enfoncement du pieu, au même titre que les ressorts et est récupérée pour la remontée du mouton.The vibrations in the ground are practically zero. It should also be noted that the elasticity of the pile, as well as the elasticity of the ground, restore energy after the pile is driven in, just like the springs and is recovered for the ascent of the sheep.

Il faut également remarquer que lorsque le mouton tombe sur le dispositif amortisseur , celui-ci se comprime jusqu'à ce qu'il soit en mesure de transmettre au pieu une force au moins égale à la résistance du pieu dans le sol. Une fois que cette force est dépassée, le mouton et le pieu descendent ensemble jusqu'à ce que la plupart de l'énergie accumulée ait été transférée dans le pieu. Le dispositif amortisseur, ainsi que le pieu et le sol par leur élasticité restituent une énergie qui correspond à la résistance à l'enfoncement du pieu dans le sol. Par enregistrement des différentes données, il est possible de connaître la valeur de cette résistance vis-à-vis de la charge nominale du pieu.It should also be noted that when the sheep falls on the damping device, the latter compresses until it is able to transmit to the pile a force at least equal to the resistance of the pile in the ground. Once this force is exceeded, the sheep and the stake descend together until most of the accumulated energy has been transferred to the stake. The shock-absorbing device, as well as the pile and the ground by their elasticity, restore an energy which corresponds to the resistance to the penetration of the pile into the ground. By enre recording of the different data, it is possible to know the value of this resistance with respect to the nominal pile load.

Des dispositifs mettant en oeuvre le procédé selon l'invention vont maintenant être décrits en référence à la figure 4 dans l'application au battage et à l'extraction d'un tube et en référence à la figure 5 en application du palplanche.Devices implementing the method according to the invention will now be described with reference to FIG. 4 in the application to the threshing and extraction of a tube and with reference to FIG. 5 in application of the sheet pile.

Les tubes sont généralement utilisés comme moule à l'intérieur duquel on coule un pieu en béton. Ils sont donc tout d'abord battus dans le sol, puis du béton est coulé à l'intérieur et on extrait ensuite les tubes du sol. Le dispositif qui va être décrit permet de réaliser à la fois le battage du tube et son extraction.The tubes are generally used as a mold inside which a concrete pile is poured. They are therefore first beaten into the ground, then concrete is poured inside and the tubes are then extracted from the ground. The device which will be described makes it possible to both beat the tube and extract it.

On a représenté en figure 4 un tube 38, présentant à son extrémité un bouchon 39, obturé par une plaque de fermeture 40. Après le battage du tube, la plaque de fermeture 40 est abandonnée au fond du trou, ce qui permet l'injection du béton au fur et à mesure de l'extraction du tube. Dans sa partie supérieure, le tube 38 comprend un réservoir à béton 41.FIG. 4 shows a tube 38, having at its end a plug 39, closed by a closure plate 40. After threshing of the tube, the closure plate 40 is left at the bottom of the hole, which allows injection concrete as the tube is extracted. In its upper part, the tube 38 comprises a concrete tank 41.

Le tube présente, par ailleurs, des encoches annulaires 42 au niveau de sa périphérie extérieure. Ces encoches sont réparties à différentes hauteurs du tube, et leur utilité apparaîtra ultérieurement.The tube also has annular notches 42 at its outer periphery. These notches are distributed at different heights of the tube, and their usefulness will appear later.

Le dispositif selon la présente invention, permettant de battre et d'extraire le tube 38 comprend un casque principal 43, composé d'un casque inférieur 44 et d'un casque supérieur 45 solidarisés entre eux, par exemple par des montants 46. Les deux casques sont traversés par le tube qui sert à ce niveau de guidage.The device according to the present invention, making it possible to beat and extract the tube 38 comprises a main helmet 43, composed of a lower helmet 44 and an upper helmet 45 joined together, for example by uprights 46. The two helmets are crossed by the tube which is used for this level of guidance.

Avantageusement, le casque 43 est soutenu par un engin de chantier, tel que par exemple une grue, un engin à bras télescopique etc.... Cet engin permet de régler la hauteur du casque 43 par rapport au sol, en fonction de l'enfoncement du tube dans celui-ci.Advantageously, the helmet 43 is supported by a construction machine, such as for example a crane, a machine with telescopic arm, etc. This machine makes it possible to adjust the height of the helmet 43 relative to the ground, depending on the sinking of the tube therein.

Les casques inférieur 44 et supérieur 45 sont par ailleurs reliés par des colonnes de guidage 47, d'axes sensiblement parallèles à l'axe du tube. Deux colonnes sont représentées en figure 4, ce nombre cependant n'est pas limitatif.The lower 44 and upper 45 helmets are also connected by guide columns 47, with axes substantially parallel to the axis of the tube. Two columns are shown in Figure 4, this number however is not limiting.

Le dispositif comprend par ailleurs un dispositif amortisseur inférieur 48 et un dispositif amortisseur supérieur 49. Ces deux dispositifs sont mobiles et réglables en hauteur par rapport au tube.The device also comprises a lower damping device 48 and an upper damping device 49. These two devices are movable and adjustable in height relative to the tube.

Des moyens, schématisés par des vérins 50 manoeuvrant des verrous 51 permettent d'immobiliser respectivement chaque dispositif amortisseur par rapport au tube tel que cela est schématisé en figure 4, cette immobilisation se produit par engagement des verrous 51 dans les encoches annulaires 42 du tube.Means, shown diagrammatically by jacks 50 operating locks 51 make it possible to immobilize each device respectively shock absorber relative to the tube as shown in FIG. 4, this immobilization occurs by engagement of the latches 51 in the annular notches 42 of the tube.

Tout moyen approprie, et par exemple des vérins hydrauliques 52 reliés au casque inférieur 44 pour le dispositif amortisseur inférieur 48, et des câbles 53 reliés au casque supérieur 45 pour le dispositif amortisseur supérieur 49 permettent de régler la hauteur des dispositifs 48 et 49. Ce réglage permet de mettre les verrous 51 au regard des encoches 42 qui sont à la hauteur la plus appropriée.Any suitable means, for example hydraulic jacks 52 connected to the lower helmet 44 for the lower shock absorber device 48, and cables 53 connected to the upper helmet 45 for the upper shock absorber device 49 make it possible to adjust the height of the devices 48 and 49. This adjustment allows the latches 51 to be placed facing the notches 42 which are at the most appropriate height.

Respectivement à la face supérieure du dispositif amortisseur inférieur 48, et à la face inférieure du dispositif amortisseur supérieur 49 se trouve un étage, par exemple , de ressorts amortisseurs 54 et 55, ainsi qu'une plaque de chocs, 56 et 57. Entre les dispositifs amortisseurs 48 et 49, évolue le mouton 58. Les dispositifs amortisseurs 48 et 49 ainsi que le mouton 58 sont guidés d'une part par le tube, et d'autre part parles colonnesde guidage 47.Respectively on the upper face of the lower damper device 48, and on the lower face of the upper damper device 49 there is a stage, for example, of damper springs 54 and 55, as well as a shock plate, 56 and 57. Between the damping devices 48 and 49, the sheep 58 evolves. The damping devices 48 and 49 as well as the sheep 58 are guided on the one hand by the tube, and on the other hand by the guide columns 47.

Des vérins hydrauliques 59, solidaires du dispositif amortisseur inférieur 48 permettent d'apporter au mouton une quantité d'énergie complémentaire, tel que cela a été décrit précédemment.Hydraulic cylinders 59, integral with the lower damping device 48 make it possible to provide the sheep with an additional amount of energy, as described above.

Lors du battage du tube, le dispositif amortisseur supérieur est placé hors de portée du mouton 58, et te battage se déroule comme cela a été décrit précédemment.When threshing the tube, the upper damping device is placed out of reach of the sheep 58, and threshing takes place as described above.

Pour l'extraction du tube, le mouton est projeté vers le haut par les vérins 59, entre en contact avec la plaque de choc 57 du dispositif amortisseur supérieur 49, comprime les ressorts 55. Cette compression correspond à un transfert d'énergie au dispositif amortisseur supérieur. L'énergie qui n'a pas été utilisée pour l'extraction du tube est restituée par la décompression des ressorts 55 qui renvoie le mouton vers le bas. A cette énergie s'ajoute par ailleurs l'énergie de chute du mouton en direction du dispositif amortisseur inférieur.For the extraction of the tube, the sheep is projected upwards by the jacks 59, comes into contact with the shock plate 57 of the upper damping device 49, compresses the springs 55. This compression corresponds to a transfer of energy to the device upper shock absorber. The energy which was not used for the extraction of the tube is restored by the decompression of the springs 55 which returns the sheep down. In addition to this energy is added the energy of the sheep falling towards the lower damping device.

A la fin de son mouvement de descente, le mouton entre en contact avec la plaque de choc 56, et au ressort 54 qui absorbe puis restitue l'énergie. Cette énergie est complétée par une quantité d'énergie délivrée par le vérin hydraulique 59. Tel que cela a été décrit précédemment , l'ensemble des paramètres est mesuré, de manière à maîtriser l'extraction.At the end of its downward movement, the sheep comes into contact with the shock plate 56, and at the spring 54 which absorbs and then restores the energy. This energy is supplemented by an amount of energy delivered by the hydraulic cylinder 59. As described above, all of the parameters are measured, so as to control the extraction.

Dans certains cas, la chute du mouton vers le bas pourra être amortie par les vérins hydrauliques 59, dans leur mouvement de rentrée. Dans ce cas, l'énergie est récupérée au niveau du groupe hydraulique qui pilote le fonctionnement de ces vérins sous forme de pression.In some cases, the fall of the sheep down may be dampened by the hydraulic cylinders 59, in their movement of ren very. In this case, the energy is recovered from the hydraulic unit which controls the operation of these jacks in the form of pressure.

Le réglage en hauteur des différents éléments permet de tenir compte de la profondeur d'enfoncement du tube dans le sol.The height adjustment of the different elements allows to take into account the depth of insertion of the tube in the ground.

Il faut remarquer par ailleurs qu'avantageusement, le bouchon 39, à l'extrémité inférieure du tube 38 présente un diamètre supérieur au diamètre extérieur du tube, et est amovible. Ainsi, avec un même tube 38 il est possible de réaliser des pieux de diamètres différents, en faisant varier le diamètre extérieur du bouchon 39.It should also be noted that advantageously, the plug 39 at the lower end of the tube 38 has a diameter greater than the outside diameter of the tube, and is removable. Thus, with the same tube 38 it is possible to produce piles of different diameters, by varying the outside diameter of the plug 39.

Par ailleurs, lors de l'extraction, il est avantageux d'exercer sur le tube une force verticale dirigée vers le haut, à laquelle le dispositif d'extraction apporte un complément.Furthermore, during extraction, it is advantageous to exert on the tube a vertical force directed upwards, to which the extraction device provides a complement.

La figure 5 schématise un dispositif d'extraction selon la présente invention pour l'extraction de palplanches. Une palplanche 60 a été représentée dans cette figure, vue de profil. Le dispositif d'extraction comprend un casque supérieur 61, maintenu et soumis à une force verticale vers le haut, par exemple au moyen de deux câbles 62. Ces câbles sont par exemple reliés à un engin de chantier, tel qu'une grue ou un engin mobile muni d'un bras télescopique.Figure 5 shows schematically an extraction device according to the present invention for the extraction of sheet piles. A sheet pile 60 has been shown in this figure, seen in profile. The extraction device comprises an upper helmet 61, maintained and subjected to an upward vertical force, for example by means of two cables 62. These cables are for example connected to a construction machine, such as a crane or a mobile machine fitted with a telescopic arm.

Le dispositif comprend par ailleurs deux colonnes de guidage 63 et 64, sensiblement parallèles à l'axe 65 de la palplanche.The device also comprises two guide columns 63 and 64, substantially parallel to the axis 65 of the sheet pile.

Dans sa partie inférieure, il comprend une pince 66 solidarisée aux colonnes de guidage 63 et 64. Avantageusement, cette pince comprend une mâchoire 67 auto-serrante qui pince la palplanche pour un mouvement du dispositif vers le haut. Elle est d'un type connu.In its lower part, it comprises a clamp 66 secured to the guide columns 63 and 64. Advantageously, this clamp comprises a self-clamping jaw 67 which clamps the sheet pile for an upward movement of the device. She is of a known type.

Au niveau de la face inférieure du casque 61 se trouve le dispositif amortisseur, constitué d'un étage de ressorts 68 et d'une plaque de choc 69. Un mouton 70 est situé entre les dispositifs amortisseurs et la pince 66. Il est projeté vers le haut au moyen de vérins hydrauliques 71 solidaires de la pince 66. La disposition relative des colonnes de guidage et des vérins 71 peut être, par exemple, sensiblement identique à celle des figures 1 à 3.At the lower face of the helmet 61 is the shock absorbing device, consisting of a stage of springs 68 and a shock plate 69. A sheep 70 is located between the shock absorbing devices and the clamp 66. It is projected towards the top by means of hydraulic jacks 71 integral with the clamp 66. The relative arrangement of the guide columns and jacks 71 may, for example, be substantially identical to that of FIGS. 1 to 3.

Le mouton est projeté vers le haut par les vérins 71, entre en contact avec la plaque de choc 69 et comprime les ressorts 68. De ce fait, il transfère la quantité d'énergie qui lui a été donnée. Une partie est restituée par les ressorts 68 qui renvoient, en se décomprimant, le mouton vers le bas. De préférence, les tiges des vérins 71 restent sorties, et amortissent le mouvement de descente du mouton au fur et à mesure de leur rentrée . L'énergie restituée par le dispositif amortisseur est donc récupérée au niveau du groupe hydraulique qui commande les vérins. Il faut remarquer par ailleurs que les câbles 62 exercent sur la palplanche une traction auquel le dispositif d'extraction apporte un complément.The sheep is projected upwards by the jacks 71, comes into contact with the shock plate 69 and compresses the springs 68. As a result, it transfers the amount of energy which has been given to it. Part is returned by the springs 68 which return, by decompressing, the sheep down. Preferably, the rods of the jacks 71 remain extended, and absorb the downward movement of the sheep as and when their comeback. The energy returned by the damping device is therefore recovered at the level of the hydraulic unit which controls the jacks. It should also be noted that the cables 62 exert traction on the sheet pile to which the extraction device provides a complement.

Avantageusement, la pince 66 permet de saisir simultanément deux palplanches ou plus.Advantageously, the clamp 66 makes it possible to grip two or more sheet piles simultaneously.

Naturellement, le procédé et les dispositifs de battage ou d'extraction qui viennent d'être décrits ne sont donnés qu'à titre indicatif, et l'on pourrait adopter d'autres mises en oeuvre de la présente invention sans pour autant sortir du cadre de celle-ci.Naturally, the method and the threshing or extraction devices which have just been described are given only for information, and other implementations of the present invention could be adopted without departing from the scope. of it.

Claims (15)

1. Procédé de battage dans le sol ou d'extraction du sol d'éléments tels que des pieux, des tubes, ou des palplanches, caractérisé par le fait que : - on constitue une quantité d'énergie déterminée que l'on dirige en direction de la tête de l'élément, - on accumule la dite quantité d'énergie déterminée et on la transmet progressivement dans le temps en direction de la pointe de l'élément de manière à provoquer son enfoncement dans le sol pour le battage, ou vers la tête de l'élément de manière à provoquer son extraction, - on récupère l'énergie restituée qui n'a pas été utilisée respectivement pour l'enfoncement ou l'extraction et on la complète par un apport d'énergie extérieure de manière à reconstituer une nouvelle quantité d'énergie que l'on dirige à nouveau en direction de la tête de l'élément. 1. A method of threshing in the ground or extracting from the ground elements such as piles, tubes, or sheet piles, characterized in that: - a specific quantity of energy is formed which is directed towards the head of the element, - the said determined quantity of energy is accumulated and it is transmitted progressively over time in the direction of the tip of the element so as to cause it to sink into the ground for threshing, or to the head of the element so to cause its extraction, - the recovered energy which has not been used respectively for the insertion or the extraction is recovered and it is supplemented by an external energy supply so as to reconstitute a new quantity of energy which is directed to again towards the head of the element. 2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que l'on accumule et on transmet progressivement la dite quantité d'énergie au moyen d'un dispositif amortisseur apte à se raccourcir sous l'effet d'une accumulation d'énergie.2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the said quantity of energy is accumulated and progressively transmitted by means of a damping device capable of shortening under the effect of an energy accumulation. 3. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que l'on récupère la dite quantité d'énergie restituée au moyen d'un dispositif amortisseur apte à restituer de l'énergie en reprenant sa longueur initiale après compression.3. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the said amount of energy recovered is recovered by means of a damping device capable of restoring energy by resuming its initial length after compression. 4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que l'on mesure la charge appliquée sur l'élément au moins pendant l'accumulation et le transfert d'énergie.4. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the load applied to the element is measured at least during the accumulation and transfer of energy. 5. Procédé de battage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que l'on utilise le même dispositif amortisseur pour accumuler, transférer et restituer les dites quantités d'énergie.5. A threshing method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the same damping device is used to accumulate, transfer and restore said amounts of energy. 6. Procédé d'extraction selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé par le fait qtel'on utilise des dispositifs amortisseurs différents d'une part pour accumuler, transférer la dite quantité d'énergie déterminée, d'autre part pour récupérer la quantité d'énergie restituée qui est complétée par un apport extérieur.6. Extraction method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that qtel'on different damping devices are used on the one hand to accumulate, transfer said amount of determined energy, on the other hand to recover the amount of energy returned which is supplemented by an external contribution. 7. Dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé de battage, selon l'une ouelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé par le fait qu'il comprend : - des moyens pour constituer une quantité d'énergie déterminée, - un dispositif amortisseur intercalé entre les dits moyens et la tête de l'élément pour accumuler cette énergie, la transmettre progressivement dans le temps en direction de la pointe de l'élément, et restituer l'énergie qui n'a pas été utilisée, - des moyens pour fournir un apport extérieur d'énergie de manière à reconstituer une nouvelle quantité d'énergie déterminée. 7. Device for implementing the threshing process, according to one or any of claims 1 to 5, characterized by the fact that he understands: - means for constituting a determined quantity of energy, a damping device interposed between said means and the head of the element to accumulate this energy, to transmit it gradually over time in the direction of the tip of the element, and to restore the energy which has not been used, - Means for providing an external energy supply so as to reconstitute a new determined quantity of energy. 8. Dispositif pour la mise,en oeuvre du procédé d'extraction, selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, et 6, caractérisé par le fait qu'il comprend : - des moyens pour constituer une quantité d'énergie déterminée, - un premier dispositif amortisseur intercalé entre les dits moyens et la tête de l'élément pour accumuler cette énergie, la transmettre progressivement dans le temps en direction de la tête de l'élément de manière à provoquer son extraction, - un deuxième dispositif amortisseur situé sous les dits moyens de manière à récupérer l'énergie restituée par les dits moyens, - des moyens pour fournir un apport extérieur d'énergie de manière à reconstituer la dite quantité d'énergie déterminée. 8. Device for implementing the extraction method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, and 6, characterized in that it comprises: - means for constituting a determined quantity of energy, a first damping device interposed between the said means and the head of the element to accumulate this energy, to transmit it gradually over time in the direction of the head of the element so as to cause its extraction, a second damping device located under the said means so as to recover the energy restored by the said means, - Means for providing an external supply of energy so as to reconstitute the said determined quantity of energy. 9. Dispositif de battage ou d'extraction selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 ou 8, caractérisé par le fait que les dits moyens pour constituer une quantité d'énergie déterminée comprennent un mouton, et des moyens de guidage permettant au mouton de se translater sensiblement librement selon une direction parallèle à la direction de l'élément.9. Threshing or extraction device according to any one of claims 7 or 8, characterized in that the said means for constituting a determined quantity of energy comprise a sheep, and guide means allowing the sheep to translate substantially freely in a direction parallel to the direction of the element. 10. Dispositif de battage ou d'extraction, selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 ou 8, caractérisé par le fait que les dits moyens amortisseurs sont du type apte à se raccourcir sous l'effet d'une accumulation d'énergie, et à restituer de l'énergie en reprenant leur longueur initiale.10. Threshing or extraction device according to any one of claims 7 or 8, characterized in that the said damping means are of the type capable of shortening under the effect of an accumulation of energy, and to restore energy by resuming their initial length. 11. Dispositif de battage ou d'extraction, selon la revendication 10, caractérisé par le fait que les dits dispositifs amortisseurs sont constitués par une pluralité de ressorts de compression, disposés en un ou plusieurs étages.11. Threshing or extraction device according to claim 10, characterized in that said damping devices are constituted by a plurality of compression springs, arranged in one or more stages. 12. Dispositif de battage ou d'extraction, selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 ou 8, caractérisé par le fait que les dits moyens pour fournir un apport extérieur d'énergie sont constitués par au moins un vérin hydraulique dont la mise sous pression provoque la remontée du dit mouton.12. Threshing or extraction device according to any one of claims 7 or 8, characterized in that the said means for providing an external energy supply consist of at least one hydraulic cylinder, the pressurization of which causes the said sheep to rise. 13. Dispositif de battage ou d'extraction selon la revendication 12, caractérisé par le fait que le ou les vérins hydrauliques qui projettent le mouton verticalement vers le haut sont alimentés par des distributeurs à grand débit, et que leur mise en pression détermine la quantité d'énergie extérieure apportée au mouton.13. Threshing or extraction device according to claim 12, characterized in that the hydraulic jack or jacks which project the sheep vertically upwards are supplied by high-flow distributors, and that their pressurization determines the quantity of external energy brought to the sheep. 14. Dispositif de battage ou d'extraction selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 13, caractérisé par le fait qu'il comprend des moyens pour mesurer et déterminer à tout instant l'accélération et/ou le déplacement du mouton, ainsi que la quantité d'énergie qu'il a emmagasinée et/ou transférée.14. Threshing or extraction device according to any one of claims 7 to 13, characterized in that it comprises means for measuring and determining at any time the acceleration and / or displacement of the sheep, as well as the amount of energy it has stored and / or transferred. 15. Dispositif d'extraction selon la revendication 8, caractérisé par le fait que le dit deuxième dispositif amortisseur, et que les dits moyens pour fournir un apport extérieur d'énergie de manière à reconstituer la dite quantité d'énergie déterminée sont confondus, et sont constitués par au moins un vérin hydraulique.15. Extraction device according to claim 8, characterized in that the said second damping device, and that the said means for providing an external supply of energy so as to reconstitute the said determined quantity of energy are combined, and consist of at least one hydraulic cylinder.
EP81440004A 1980-02-13 1981-02-05 Method and apparatus for driving or extracting elements like piles Expired EP0034559B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT81440004T ATE7936T1 (en) 1980-02-13 1981-02-05 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DRIVING IN OR WITHDRAWING ELEMENTS SUCH AS PILES.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8003633A FR2475599A1 (en) 1980-02-13 1980-02-13 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR FITTING AND EXTRACTING ELEMENTS SUCH AS PILES
FR8003633 1980-02-13

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0034559A1 true EP0034559A1 (en) 1981-08-26
EP0034559B1 EP0034559B1 (en) 1984-06-13

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EP81440004A Expired EP0034559B1 (en) 1980-02-13 1981-02-05 Method and apparatus for driving or extracting elements like piles

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EP (1) EP0034559B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE7936T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3164038D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2475599A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0525865A1 (en) * 1991-07-24 1993-02-03 DE WAAL TECHNOLOGY & CONSULTANCY B.V. Method and device for driving piles

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE329946C (en) * 1911-01-21 1920-12-02 Alexander Gibb Device for pulling out stakes or the like.

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH186483A (en) * 1934-12-06 1936-09-30 Delmag Deutsche Elektromaschin Ram.
DE1112461B (en) * 1958-05-12 1961-08-03 Delmag Maschinenfabrik Stake puller

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE329946C (en) * 1911-01-21 1920-12-02 Alexander Gibb Device for pulling out stakes or the like.

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0525865A1 (en) * 1991-07-24 1993-02-03 DE WAAL TECHNOLOGY & CONSULTANCY B.V. Method and device for driving piles

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2475599B1 (en) 1985-01-11
ATE7936T1 (en) 1984-06-15
DE3164038D1 (en) 1984-07-19
EP0034559B1 (en) 1984-06-13
FR2475599A1 (en) 1981-08-14

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