EP0033864B1 - Ski with a roughened polyethylene running sole - Google Patents

Ski with a roughened polyethylene running sole Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0033864B1
EP0033864B1 EP81100374A EP81100374A EP0033864B1 EP 0033864 B1 EP0033864 B1 EP 0033864B1 EP 81100374 A EP81100374 A EP 81100374A EP 81100374 A EP81100374 A EP 81100374A EP 0033864 B1 EP0033864 B1 EP 0033864B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ski
grinding
teeth
effected
roughening
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81100374A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0033864A1 (en
Inventor
Franz Völkl
Heinz Müller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Franz Voelkl & Co Ski und Tennis Sportartike GmbH
Original Assignee
Franz Volkl & Co Ski und Tennis Sportartikelfabrik KG GmbH
Franz Volkl & Co Ski und Tennis Sportartikelfabrik KG GmbH
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Publication date
Application filed by Franz Volkl & Co Ski und Tennis Sportartikelfabrik KG GmbH, Franz Volkl & Co Ski und Tennis Sportartikelfabrik KG GmbH filed Critical Franz Volkl & Co Ski und Tennis Sportartikelfabrik KG GmbH
Priority to AT81100374T priority Critical patent/ATE12588T1/en
Publication of EP0033864A1 publication Critical patent/EP0033864A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0033864B1 publication Critical patent/EP0033864B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
    • A63C5/00—Skis or snowboards
    • A63C5/04—Structure of the surface thereof
    • A63C5/056—Materials for the running sole
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
    • A63C7/00—Devices preventing skis from slipping back; Ski-stoppers or ski-brakes
    • A63C7/06—Tooth-shaped running sole-plates

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a ski, in particular a cross-country ski, with an outsole consisting of polyethylene or equivalent thermoplastic materials with the same sliding properties, which has a roughening which is easy to climb and has little impairment of sliding and which is formed by fine projections and which extends at least over the middle part the ski length extends into the vicinity of the tip region and the rear ski end and the layer thickness of which is approximately in the order of magnitude of 10- 'mm, the projections of the roughening formed from the aforementioned material of the outsole being inclined over their entire height towards the rear ski end.
  • the layer thickness here is the distance between the bottom of the valleys between the individual projections of the roughening and the tips of the projections, the level of the bottom and the level of the peaks being determined as mean values in view of the unevenness of the roughening existing in practice .
  • the statement that the projections are inclined towards the end of the ski should also include the fact that individual projections do not have such an inclination, as long as the number of these projections not having the inclination is negligibly small compared to the number of projections by definition.
  • order of magnitude is meant the order of magnitude corresponding to the power of ten, the delimitation of the order of magnitude being exponential with respect to the next or lower night, that is to say the order of magnitude 10 times the area to includes. This area can also be more easily defined in such a way that it ranges from about a third of the characteristic power of ten to about three times.
  • the roughening consists of grinding grooves in the polyethylene of the outsole which run transversely to the running direction. Accordingly, the roughening has a structure which is formed by alternating and merging contiguous, more or less sharp-edged ribs and valleys extending transversely to the ski length.
  • the flanks of the ribs facing the ski tip are inclined more flat on average than the flanks facing the end of the ski. Accordingly, the ribs can be addressed as slightly inclined in their entirety towards the end of the ski. In the tip areas of the ribs, these are frayed and inclined towards the end of the ski by post-treatment. This tendency towards the end of the ski is slight in the known skis.
  • the roughened area in the known skis extends at least over the central part of the ski length, a significant improvement is achieved in the known ski compared to other known skis with kick-off aid by means of ramp profiling insofar as the cross-grinding not only improves the sliding properties but also improves them the security against slipping back when climbing is also improved, at least on icy slopes.
  • the increased frictional resistance in the middle of the ski is not very annoying in the known skis, since the weight of the skier is not fully on the individual ski when gliding, while it is fully on the ski when pushing off and climbing in, and this means that it is with his middle part that bulges upwards presses down into the snow, so that the cross-profiling comes into greater engagement with the snow.
  • a ski which has an outsole made of plastic, such as polyester, epoxy, polyurethane or phenolic resin, in which a plush-like textile fabric is embedded in such a way that its upright fibers at least up to the sliding surface the outsole is enough.
  • the upright fabric fibers can have a slight curvature towards the rear end of the ski in their end regions.
  • the protrusion of the fiber tips from the sliding surface should be achieved by grinding the outsole sliding surface.
  • the textile fibers can protrude up to one millimeter from the outsole surface.
  • the outsole has a special plastic insert in the middle, i.e. under the binding.
  • the rest of the outsole is made of polyethylene.
  • the middle outsole area has a micro-profile in the form of irregularly shaped projections, which are referred to as crystals. Become this kri If the ski is pressed down when sliding, the tip-close half of these crystals will be tucked away, while the ski-side half of the crystals will retain their shape that protrudes from the tread practically unchanged. When the skier slides back, the crystals change their direction and lean towards the top. Accordingly, the push-off aid of this ski is nothing more than a friction-increasing coating in the middle of the outsole with all the typical defects of such.
  • the invention solves the problem of improving both the sliding properties and the ability to climb (ie the resistance of the ski to sliding back when climbing or pushing off) of the ski outlined at the beginning.
  • the skis according to the invention should be able to be provided with the desired climbing and push-off aid with little technical effort and in a perfectly repeatable manner.
  • the stated object is achieved by the further development according to the characterizing features of claim 1.
  • the exceptionally high density of the tooth arrangement makes the teeth almost look like a smooth polyethylene surface when sliding.
  • the teeth are so dense and so fine that they are no longer perceptible to the naked eye. In many embodiments of the invention, however, they can be felt by brushing the tread by hand in the direction of travel and the opposite direction as increased resistance when brushing against the direction of travel.
  • the projections of the roughening no longer consist of transverse ribs with ridges bent backwards, but of teeth bent or inclined in their entirety towards the end of the ski, irregularly arranged in great density.
  • the projections of the roughening in the invention are made of the same excellent sliding material as the outsole.
  • they do not have the shape of short thread or fiber ends, but the shape of teeth. They can also be inclined much more towards the plane of the outsole towards the end of the ski than is possible with the pile threads of a fabric. The same applies to the ski according to the catalog mentioned.
  • Teeth in the sense of the invention are protrusions of small thickness, which taper from their base to the outsole towards their free end, the free end being designed as a point or as a cutting edge, which in turn is formed from a plurality of teeth or as a continuous cutting edge can. If the teeth run out in a cutting edge, the cutting edge or the central course of the cutting edge, at least for the majority of the teeth, should run essentially transversely to the longitudinal direction of the ski and parallel to the surface of the outsole. It goes without saying that the cutting edge should point towards the end of the ski at least for almost all teeth. In many cases, the cutting edges of the teeth will also run out lobed and frayed, whereby the lobed parts can also be corrugated.
  • the load-bearing length of the ski ie practically the entire length with the exception of the shovel, can be covered with the tooth roughening according to the invention. It is best if the entire length of the ski is roughened. However, smaller interruptions in the roughening can also be provided.
  • the roughened area can also be shortened at the ends of the load-bearing ski length. In the lateral direction, the tooth roughening preferably also extends over the entire width of the ski, but the guide groove in the middle of the ski expediently remains smooth.
  • the entire layer of the teeth forms a closed surface which offers only a slight form resistance when sliding forward.
  • the low value of this low frictional resistance is also achieved by the irregular and jagged tips of the teeth, because due to their high flexibility they lie easily in the plane of the surface of the surface without preventing the teeth from slowing down in the snow when sliding backwards.
  • the ski according to the invention manages in particular without waxing at high temperatures.
  • temperatures below 273 K (0 °) it is advantageous to wax with liquid wax based on paraffin. This prevents ice build-up and the formation of snow tunnels and at the same time improves the sliding properties without impairing the climbing properties.
  • such growth is generally not necessary, especially at temperatures around or above 273 K (0 °).
  • the size of the teeth is very small in the invention.
  • the layer thickness of the rough layer formed by the teeth can be in the entire range of the order of magnitude of 10 mm, it is preferred that this layer thickness be between 0.06 mm and 0.1 mm. The best experience so far has been made with a layer thickness of approximately 0.08 mm.
  • the teeth should therefore be arranged close enough to prevent the ski from sliding on the surface area between the individual teeth, where each tooth would then have to plow through the snow.
  • the teeth are preferably arranged so closely that they overlap one another like the hair of a smooth fur or the scales of a fish and cover the outsole. Since they are made of the same material as the outsole, namely polyethylene (hereinafter referred to as PE for short), they have the good sliding properties of this material and thus hardly interfere with the forward sliding of it more than a smooth PE outsole surface.
  • PE polyethylene
  • the material specification PE also includes equivalent plastics with the same sliding properties should grasp. However, these should also be thermoplastic because of the ease of processing.
  • polyethylene as is commonly used as a ski outsole, is the right material for the outsole in the invention.
  • the shape of the teeth can vary. It is preferred that the teeth have a shark or wolf tooth-like profile in the longitudinal section of the ski. This information only refers to the basic shape of the teeth. Of course, surface inaccuracies or a fork in a tooth and similar variations are permissible.
  • the tooth shape to be aimed at in the invention is perhaps the easiest to describe as that of flat incisors and slender fangs.
  • the teeth can be frayed or serrated at their tips or free edges. This training often arises in the preferred method for producing the ski to be explained later and does not interfere. Some of the fringes will have run away relatively quickly shortly after using the ski.
  • the tread After wear of the tread due to intensive use and overflow of parts of the earth embedded in the snow, the tread can be provided with the desired serration again.
  • the length of the protrusions should be so large that the teeth can spread into the snow when trying to slide backwards with the ski. It must also not be too large, since if the teeth are formed too long, they can bend in an undesirable manner.
  • the length of the teeth is advantageously considerably greater than their greatest thickness in the longitudinal direction of the ski.
  • the length of a tooth is equal to the length of the tooth center line in the longitudinal section of the ski between the plane from which the field of teeth rises and the tip of the tooth, with any fraying that may start at the tip not being included.
  • the average length of the teeth is preferably approximately in the range from 0.08 to 0.2 mm, although the length of the individual tooth can deviate from this value not inconsiderably.
  • the average inclination of the teeth to the level of the skiing surface is advantageously at approximately 20 ° to 50 °, the lower part of the specified range being preferred.
  • the inclination of the tooth tips can be even stronger. The greater the inclination, the lower the sliding resistance. The inclination of the tooth tips can go down almost to 0 °.
  • the entire outsole is preferably made of this material.
  • the polyethylene is preferably a sintered and / or pressed.
  • the molecular weight of the polyethylene is advantageously in the range from 1 ⁇ 10 6 to 4 ⁇ 10 6 , preferably between 2 ⁇ 10 6 and 3 ⁇ 10 6 .
  • a suitable PE is, for example, supplied by
  • the layer thickness of the roughening is advantageously about 0.03 to 0.08 mm, better 0.04 to 0.07 mm. Skis with a layer thickness of 0.05 to 0.06 mm have proven themselves extremely well in tests.
  • the invention also includes a method of manufacturing the skis according to the invention.
  • This process for producing a ski with a polyethylene outsole which has at least on part of its surface a roughening which is easy to climb and has little impairment in sliding, and which has fine free teeth inclined towards the end of the ski, the layer thickness of which is of the order of 0.1 mm is based on the roughening of the tread by dry grinding with a coarse grinding wheel in such a way that a grinding pattern which is symmetrical with respect to the plane of symmetry of the ski is produced.
  • the preferably sintered outsole made of high molecular weight polyethylene (PE) is ground with a sufficiently high grinding performance in order to reach the crystallite melting area on the surface being ground.
  • the grinding performance here means the work converted into heat per unit time and area unit of the ground outsole surface in the form of machining work.
  • the fact that the crystallite melting range is reached means that, at least in the case of a high molecular weight polyethylene, an abrasive structure is achieved, as is the case, for example, with the procedure according to US Pat. No. 4,118,050. Rather, a large number of fine, protruding projections, which are in principle incisor-shaped to fangs-shaped, are produced on the surface.
  • the correct temperature range can usually be recognized by the fact that individual teeth are pulled out into long threads.
  • the grinding power consumed per unit area of the ski sole is primarily dependent on the contact pressure with which the ski is pressed against the grindstone or the stone against the ski, the cutting speed of the stone and the feed speed at which the ski moves past the stone becomes. If the process is carried out correctly, separate cooling is naturally not necessary, since the desired special surface structure is created only by the not inconsiderable heat generation that occurs in the process according to the invention.
  • the surface on which the contact pressure for generating the pressure acts is therefore the arcuate surface, which is in contact with the grinding wheel, between the flat, not yet machined surface of the outsole and the, in principle, also already machined surface from which the surface is made Raise teeth after the grinding process.
  • the surface, which is curved in the form of a circular arc and is in engagement with the grinding wheel, is the theoretically calculated surface, since in practice an exact pressure determination is not possible because of the roughness of the grinding wheel and the inaccuracy of other essential factors. Grinding is preferably carried out in two stages. A first sanding with a pressure of 5.5 to 7 bar is followed by a second sanding with a pressure of 0.7 to 0.8 bar.
  • Grinding is advantageously carried out in the longitudinal direction of the ski. However, in some cases it can also be advantageous if the grinding takes place in a direction which is at an acute angle to the longitudinal direction of the ski.
  • the acute angle should be quite acute, meaning that it should be considerably less than 45 °. Since the grinding should always be symmetrical with respect to the plane of symmetry of the ski in order to avoid a tendency to shift laterally, the grinding pattern will always have to have a V-profile when grinding at an angle to the longitudinal direction of the ski. This can be achieved by both ski halves with a separate one at a corresponding angle to the ski's longitudinal direction and ski advance direction. running axis rotating grinding wheel to be ground.
  • the grinding is expediently carried out, as is also obvious with regard to the desired tooth structure, from the tip of the ski to the end of the ski. Surprisingly, it has been shown that the desired structure occurs with such a grinding only when the cutting speed is about 800 m / min. or less. The cutting speed is about 850 m / min. or more, the grinding must take place from the end of the ski to the tip of the ski. This surprisingly necessary reversal of the feed direction occurs in any case in the above-mentioned working areas with regard to pressure, peripheral speed and feed.
  • the grinding is expediently carried out using a ceramic-bonded disk of medium to large porosity, that is to say with an open structure, since the risk of smearing the disk is the least.
  • a ceramic-bonded disk of medium to large porosity that is to say with an open structure, since the risk of smearing the disk is the least.
  • This regrinding is of particular importance if during dry grinding with a cutting speed in the range of approximately 800 to 900 m / min. is worked because in this area the desired orientation of the tooth inclination to the rear is not always achieved to a sufficient extent.
  • the high molecular weight polyethylene has a molecular weight of 1 x 10 6 to 4 x 10 6 , better of 2 x 10 6 to 3 x 10 6 .
  • the outsole design according to the invention is also suitable for alpine skiing. Especially for learners or older skiers, the often not noticeable reduction in speed when skiing downhill is not disturbing, while the considerable ease of climbing is perceived as a great advantage.
  • the superiority of a ski designed according to the invention with regard to sliding and repelling properties is particularly evident in snow in the range of 273 K and above, while at lower temperatures of about 265 K or less, icing on the outsole can occur. However, even at such temperatures, these can be easily removed by applying liquid paraffin wax to the outsole. In wet snow, the ski is even superior to waxed skis according to the invention.
  • the cross-country ski 1 shown in FIG. 1 has an outsole 2 made of high-molecular polyethylene with a molecular weight of approximately 2 ⁇ 10 6 .
  • the surface of the outsole 2, with which the latter glides over the snow, is provided by grinding with a plurality of teeth 3 inclined with its free end towards the ski end, which, as can be seen in FIG. 1, overlap and are arranged irregularly.
  • the teeth can be pointed in the manner of wolf teeth or fangs, such as. B. tooth 3a. However, they can also be provided with a mostly serrated edge, e.g. tooth 3b. Intermediate forms can also occur, such as for tooth 3c.
  • the teeth can occasionally wear light fringes 4 at their tips or cutting edges, which arise during grinding and are indicated in FIG. In Fig. The fringes are not drawn in order to better show the tooth shape.
  • the ski is first manufactured in the usual way and provided with the outsole made of high-molecular polyethylene - usually a low-pressure polyethylene. After finishing the ski surface and the ski flanks, the ski is first ground twice in succession using a grinding wheel of grain 30 made of normal or semi-precious corundum.
  • the grinding wheel has a medium to large porosity and is ceramic-bonded. It is trimmed with a sharp (not yet worn) diamond with only one tip, which was guided past the surface of the rotating grinding wheel to be dressed at a speed of approximately 320 to 330 mm per minute.
  • the grinding wheel is wider than the greatest width of the ski.
  • the ski is of common width.
  • the grinding wheel runs at a speed in the range of 500 to 800 revolutions per minute and has a diameter of 350 mm.
  • the tip of the ski is pushed past the grinding wheel, the surface of its outsole being pressed against the circumferential surface of the grinding wheel with a force of approximately 200 N during the first grinding and with a force of approximately 50 N during the second grinding is one such that the surface areas of the grinding wheel which are in engagement with the outsole move relative to the ski at a correspondingly high speed in the direction of the end of the ski.
  • the speed is advantageously 850 rpm or more with the same wheel diameter. If you change the disc diameter, the speed must be adjusted accordingly. Grinding is completely dry in both grinding processes.
  • the outsole surface is roughened to a depth of approximately 0.08 mm and the toothing shown in FIGS.
  • the surface structure of the outsole according to the invention is preferably applied to the entire outsole with the exception of the guide groove (if there is one), there is also the possibility, for example, of leaving a little bit more of the ski area smooth than the tip area at the front and a short part at the back .
  • the skier also has the option of waxing the tooth structure by ironing in paraffin at desired locations and thus adapting the sliding and climbing properties of the ski to the specific circumstances.

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  • Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)

Abstract

A ski has an elongated body part, a polyethylene bottom layer arranged on the body part, and a roughening provided on a sliding surface of the bottom layer over a supporting length of the ski and including a plurality of projections each formed as an elongated tooth from polyethylene of the bottom layer and inclined in its entirety toward the rear end of the body part, wherein the teeth are arranged with a density of between 1000 and 4000 teeth per cm2. The inventive ski is manufactured by dry grinding of the sliding surface of the polyethylene bottom layer with a relatively high efficiency.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Ski, insbesondere einen Langlaufski, mit einer aus Polyäthylen oder äquivalenten thermoplastischen Kunststoffen mit gleichen Gleiteigenschaften bestehenden Laufsohle, die eine das Steigen erleichternde, das Gleiten nur wenig beeinträchtigende, von feinen Vorsprüngen gebildete Rauhung aufweist, die sich wenigstens über den mittleren Teil der Skilänge bis in die Nähe des Spitzenbereichs und des rückwärtigen Skiendes erstreckt und deren Schichtdikke etwa in der Grössenordnung von 10-' mm liegt, wobei die aus dem vorgenannten Werkstoff der Laufsohle geformten Vorsprünge der Rauhung auf ihrer ganzen Höhe zum rückwärtigen Skiende hin geneigt sind.The invention relates to a ski, in particular a cross-country ski, with an outsole consisting of polyethylene or equivalent thermoplastic materials with the same sliding properties, which has a roughening which is easy to climb and has little impairment of sliding and which is formed by fine projections and which extends at least over the middle part the ski length extends into the vicinity of the tip region and the rear ski end and the layer thickness of which is approximately in the order of magnitude of 10- 'mm, the projections of the roughening formed from the aforementioned material of the outsole being inclined over their entire height towards the rear ski end.

Mit Schichtdicke ist hier der Abstand zwischen der Sohle der Täler zwischen den einzelnen Vorsprüngen der Rauhung und den Spitzen der Vorsprünge bezeichnet, wobei im Hinblick auf die in der Praxis vorhandenen Ungleichmässigkeiten der Rauhung das Niveau der Sohle und das Niveau der Spitzen jeweils als Mittelwerte ermittelt sind. Die Aussage, dass die Vorsprünge zum Skiende hin geneigt sind, soll auch den Tatbestand mit umfassen, dass einzelne Vorsprünge eine solche Neigung nicht aufweisen, solange die Zahl dieser die Neigung nicht aufweisenden Vorsprünge gegenüber der Zahl der definitionsgemässen Vorsprünge vernachlässigbar klein ist. Mit Grössenordnung ist hier die der Zehnerpotenz entsprechende Grössenordnung gemeint, wobei die Abgrenzung der Grössenordnung gegenüber der nächstfolgenden bzw. nächtsniedrigeren exponentiell erfolgt, also die Grössenordnung 10x etwa den Bereich

Figure imgb0001
bis
Figure imgb0002
 umfasst. Dieser Bereich lässt sich auch einfacher dahingehend definieren, dass er etwa von einem Drittel der kennzeichnenden Zehnerpotenz bis etwa zum Dreifachen reicht.The layer thickness here is the distance between the bottom of the valleys between the individual projections of the roughening and the tips of the projections, the level of the bottom and the level of the peaks being determined as mean values in view of the unevenness of the roughening existing in practice . The statement that the projections are inclined towards the end of the ski should also include the fact that individual projections do not have such an inclination, as long as the number of these projections not having the inclination is negligibly small compared to the number of projections by definition. By order of magnitude is meant the order of magnitude corresponding to the power of ten, the delimitation of the order of magnitude being exponential with respect to the next or lower night, that is to say the order of magnitude 10 times the area
Figure imgb0001
 to
Figure imgb0002
 includes. This area can also be more easily defined in such a way that it ranges from about a third of the characteristic power of ten to about three times.

Derartige Ski sind aus der deutschen Offenlegungsschrift 2610522 oder der US-A-4118050 der Anmelderin bekannt.Such skis are known from the German patent application 2610522 or US-A-4118050 from the applicant.

Bei dem bekannten Ski besteht die Rauhung aus quer zur Laufrichtung verlaufenden Schleifriefen im Polyäthylen der Laufsohle. Die Rauhung hat dementsprechend eine Struktur, die von einander abwechselnden und ineinander übergehenden aneinandergrenzenden, mehr oder weniger scharfkantigen, sich quer zur Ski länge erstreckenden Rippen und Tälern gebildet wird. Dabei sind die der Skispitze zublickenden Flanken der Rippen im Mittel flacher geneigt als die dem Skiende zublickenden Flanken. Dementsprechend lassen sich die Rippen als in ihrer Gesamtheit zum Skiende hin geringfügig geneigt ansprechen. In den Spitzenbereichen der Rippen sind diese ausgefranst und durch eine Nachbehandlung zum Skiende hin geneigt. Diese Neigung zum Skiende hin ist bei den bekannten Ski geringfügig. Da der gerauhte Bereich bei den bekannten Ski sich wenigstens über den mittleren Teil der Skilänge erstreckt, wird bei dem bekannten Ski gegenüber anderen vorbekannten Ski mit Abstosshilfe durch Rampenprofilierung eine wesentliche Verbesserung insoweit erreicht, als durch den Querschliff nicht nur die Gleiteigenschaften verbessert, sondern darüber hinaus auch die Sicherheit gegen Zurückrutschen beim Steigen zumindest bei eisiger Piste ebenfalls verbessert wird. Der erhöhte Reibungswiderstand in der Skimitte ist bei den bekannten Ski nicht sehr störend, da beim Gleiten das Gewicht des Skiläufers nicht voll auf dem einzelnen Ski liegt, während es beim Abstossen und Steigen in der entscheidenden Phase voll auf dem Ski liegt und diesen dadurch mit seinem mittleren, nach oben gewölbten Teil nach unten in den Schnee eindrückt, so dass die Querprofilierung stärker in Eingriff mit dem Schnee kommt.In the case of the known ski, the roughening consists of grinding grooves in the polyethylene of the outsole which run transversely to the running direction. Accordingly, the roughening has a structure which is formed by alternating and merging contiguous, more or less sharp-edged ribs and valleys extending transversely to the ski length. The flanks of the ribs facing the ski tip are inclined more flat on average than the flanks facing the end of the ski. Accordingly, the ribs can be addressed as slightly inclined in their entirety towards the end of the ski. In the tip areas of the ribs, these are frayed and inclined towards the end of the ski by post-treatment. This tendency towards the end of the ski is slight in the known skis. Since the roughened area in the known skis extends at least over the central part of the ski length, a significant improvement is achieved in the known ski compared to other known skis with kick-off aid by means of ramp profiling insofar as the cross-grinding not only improves the sliding properties but also improves them the security against slipping back when climbing is also improved, at least on icy slopes. The increased frictional resistance in the middle of the ski is not very annoying in the known skis, since the weight of the skier is not fully on the individual ski when gliding, while it is fully on the ski when pushing off and climbing in, and this means that it is with his middle part that bulges upwards presses down into the snow, so that the cross-profiling comes into greater engagement with the snow.

Ferner ist aus der AT-B-317 734 ein Ski bekannt, welcher eine Laufsohle aus Kunststoff, wie Polyester, Epoxid-, Polyurethan- oder Phenolharz besitzt, in welche ein plüschartiges Textilgewebe so eingebettet ist, dass dessen aufrechtstehende Fasern mindestens bis an die Gleitfläche der Laufsohle reichen. Die aufrechtstehenden Gewebefasern können dabei in ihren Endbereichen eine schwache Krümmung gegen das hintere Skiende aufweisen. Das Herausragen der Faserspitzen aus der Gleitflächenoberfläche soll durch Abschleifen der Laufsohlengleitfläche erreicht werden. Die Textilfasern können dabei aus der Laufsohlenoberfläche um ein Mass bis zu einem Millimeter herausragen. Eine solche Ausbildung ist in der Praxis wenig brauchbar. Beim Abschleifen der Kunststoffoberflä.che bleiben nämlich die Polfäden des eingebetteten Gewebes nicht stehen, sondern werden mit abgeschliffen. Wählt man ein Gewebe aus wesentlich härterem Material als die Laufsohle, so lässt sich zwar ein Herausstehen der Faserenden aus der Oberfläche der Laufsohle durch Abschleifen erreichen. Diese härteren Fasern besitzen jedoch schlechte Gleiteigenschaften und behindern daher das Gleiten des Ski nach vorn, wenn sie weit genug herausgearbeitet sind, um eine echte Abstoss- oder Steighilfe zu geben. Des weiteren setzt sich bei einer derartigen Laufsohle sehr leicht Eis in starkem Umfang an. Darüber hinaus bietet das Einbetten eines einen Flor aufweisenden Gewebes in eine dünne, als Skilaufsohle geeignete Kunststoffschicht erheblich technische Schwierigkeiten, insbesondere dann, wenn verlangt wird, dass die Polfäden des Flors zumindest mit ihren Spitzen eine gleichmässige schräge Neigung in einer bestimmten Richtung aufweisen.Furthermore, from AT-B-317 734 a ski is known which has an outsole made of plastic, such as polyester, epoxy, polyurethane or phenolic resin, in which a plush-like textile fabric is embedded in such a way that its upright fibers at least up to the sliding surface the outsole is enough. The upright fabric fibers can have a slight curvature towards the rear end of the ski in their end regions. The protrusion of the fiber tips from the sliding surface should be achieved by grinding the outsole sliding surface. The textile fibers can protrude up to one millimeter from the outsole surface. Such training is of little use in practice. When the plastic surface is sanded down, the pile threads of the embedded tissue do not stop, but are also sanded down. If you choose a fabric made of much harder material than the outsole, the fiber ends can protrude from the surface of the outsole by grinding. However, these harder fibers have poor sliding properties and therefore prevent the ski from sliding forward if they are worked out far enough to provide real push-off or climbing aid. Furthermore, with such an outsole, ice accumulates to a very large extent. In addition, the embedding of a fabric having a pile in a thin plastic layer suitable as a skiing sole offers considerable technical difficulties, in particular when it is required that the pile threads of the pile, at least with their tips, have a uniform inclined inclination in a certain direction.

Dementsprechend gelangte diese Entwicklung trotz des zunächst bestechend erscheinenden Grundgedankens nicht bis zur praktischen Brauchbarkeit.Accordingly, this development did not reach practical usability despite the initially impressive basic idea.

Schliesslich sind aus dem Sportscheck-Katalog September 1979 und einem Prospekt der finnischen Firma Kuusisto Suksi Ski mit einer dreiteiligen Laufsohle bekannt. Die Laufsohle besitzt im mittleren Bereich, also unter der Bindung, einen Einsatz aus Spezialkunststoff. Der Rest der Laufsohle besteht aus Polyäthylen. Der mittlere Laufsohlenbereich besitzt eine Mikroprofilierung in Form unregelmässig geformter Vorsprünge, die als Kristalle bezeichnet sind. Werden diese Kristalle beim Gleiten des Ski niedergedrückt, so legt sich die spitzennahe Hälfte dieser Kristalle satt um, während die skiseitige Hälfte der Kristalle ihre von der Lauffläche abragende Form praktisch ungeändert beibehält. Wenn der Skifahrer mit dem Ski zurückrutscht, ändern die Kristalle also ihre Richtung und neigen sich zur Spitze hin. Dementsprechend ist die Abstosshilfe dieses Ski nichts anderes als ein reibungserhöhender Belag in der Mitte der Laufsohle mit allen typischen Mängeln eines solchen.Finally, from the sports check catalog September 1979 and a brochure from the Finnish company Kuusisto Suksi Ski with a three-part outsole are known. The outsole has a special plastic insert in the middle, i.e. under the binding. The rest of the outsole is made of polyethylene. The middle outsole area has a micro-profile in the form of irregularly shaped projections, which are referred to as crystals. Become this kri If the ski is pressed down when sliding, the tip-close half of these crystals will be tucked away, while the ski-side half of the crystals will retain their shape that protrudes from the tread practically unchanged. When the skier slides back, the crystals change their direction and lean towards the top. Accordingly, the push-off aid of this ski is nothing more than a friction-increasing coating in the middle of the outsole with all the typical defects of such.

Die Erfindung löst die Aufgabe, sowohl die Gleiteigenschaften als auch die Steigfähigkeit (also den Widerstand des Ski gegen Zurückrutschen beim Steigen bzw. Abstossen) des eingangs umrissenen Ski zu verbessern. Darüber hinaus sollen die Ski nach der Erfindung mit geringem technischen Aufwand und in einwandfrei wiederholbarer Weise mit der gewünschten Steig-und Abstosshilfe versehen werden können.The invention solves the problem of improving both the sliding properties and the ability to climb (ie the resistance of the ski to sliding back when climbing or pushing off) of the ski outlined at the beginning. In addition, the skis according to the invention should be able to be provided with the desired climbing and push-off aid with little technical effort and in a perfectly repeatable manner.

Gemäss der Erfindung wird die dargelegte Aufgabe durch die Weiterbildung gemäss den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Die aussergewöhnlich grosse Dichte der Zahnanordnung lässt die Zähne beim Gleiten fast wie eine glatte Polyäthylenfläche wirken.According to the invention, the stated object is achieved by the further development according to the characterizing features of claim 1. The exceptionally high density of the tooth arrangement makes the teeth almost look like a smooth polyethylene surface when sliding.

Die Zähne sind in so grosser Dichte angeordnet und so fein, dass sie mit dem blossen Auge nicht mehr als solche wahrnehmbar sind. Sie können jedoch bei vielen Ausführungen der Erfindung durch Überstreichen der Lauffläche mit der Hand in Laufrichtung und Gegenrichtung als erhöhter Widerstand beim Streichen entgegen der Laufrichtung gefühlt werden.The teeth are so dense and so fine that they are no longer perceptible to the naked eye. In many embodiments of the invention, however, they can be felt by brushing the tread by hand in the direction of travel and the opposite direction as increased resistance when brushing against the direction of travel.

Im Gegensatz zu dem eingangs dargelegten Stand der Technik bestehen bei der Erfindung die Vorsprünge der Rauhung also nicht mehr aus Querrippen mit nach hinten umgebogenen Graten, sondern aus zum Skiende hin in ihrer Gesamtheit umgebogenen oder geneigten, unregelmässig in grosser Dichte angeordneten Zähnen. Im Gegensatz zu dem Stand der Technik nach der erwähnten AT-B-317734, bei welcher Polfäden aus Textilmaterial aus der Laufsohle herausragen, sind bei der Erfindung die Vorsprünge der Rauhung aus dem gleichen hervorragend gleitenden Material wie die Laufsohle. Sie haben darüber hinaus auch nicht die Form kurzer Faden- oder Faserenden, sondern die Form von Zähnen. Sie können auch wesentlich stärker gegen die Ebene der Laufsohle zum Skiende hin geneigt sein, als dies bei den Polfäden eines Gewebes möglich ist. Ähnliches gilt für den Ski nach dem erwähnten Katalog.In contrast to the prior art set out at the beginning, the projections of the roughening no longer consist of transverse ribs with ridges bent backwards, but of teeth bent or inclined in their entirety towards the end of the ski, irregularly arranged in great density. In contrast to the prior art according to AT-B-317734 mentioned, in which pile threads made of textile material protrude from the outsole, the projections of the roughening in the invention are made of the same excellent sliding material as the outsole. In addition, they do not have the shape of short thread or fiber ends, but the shape of teeth. They can also be inclined much more towards the plane of the outsole towards the end of the ski than is possible with the pile threads of a fabric. The same applies to the ski according to the catalog mentioned.

Zähne im Sinne der Erfindung sind Vorsprünge geringer'Dicke, welche sich von ihrem Ansatz an die Laufsohle zu ihrem freien Ende hin verjüngen, wobei das freie Ende als Spitze oder als Schneide ausgebildet ist, welche letztere wiederum aus mehreren Zacken oder als durchlaufende Schneide ausgebildet sein kann. Wenn die Zähne in einer Schneide auslaufen, soll die Schneide oder der mittlere Verlauf der Schneide wenigstens beim Grossteil der Zähne im wesentlichen quer zur Skilängsrichtung und parallel zur Oberfläche der Laufsohle verlaufen. Es versteht sich, dass die Schneide dabei zumindest bei fast allen Zähnen zum Skiende hin weisen soll. Die Schneiden der Zähne werden vielfach auch lappenförmig und zerfranst auslaufen, wobei die lappenförmigen Teile auch gewellt sein können.Teeth in the sense of the invention are protrusions of small thickness, which taper from their base to the outsole towards their free end, the free end being designed as a point or as a cutting edge, which in turn is formed from a plurality of teeth or as a continuous cutting edge can. If the teeth run out in a cutting edge, the cutting edge or the central course of the cutting edge, at least for the majority of the teeth, should run essentially transversely to the longitudinal direction of the ski and parallel to the surface of the outsole. It goes without saying that the cutting edge should point towards the end of the ski at least for almost all teeth. In many cases, the cutting edges of the teeth will also run out lobed and frayed, whereby the lobed parts can also be corrugated.

Die tragende Länge des Ski, also praktisch die gesamte Länge mit Ausnahme der Schaufel, kann mit der Zahnrauhung nach der Erfindung bedeckt sein. Am besten ist es zwar, wenn die ganze tragende Länge des Ski gerauht ist. Es können aber auch kleinere Unterbrechungen der Rauhung vorgesehen sein. Auch an den Enden der tragenden Skilänge kann der gerauhte Bereich verkürzt sein. In seitlicher Richtung erstreckt sich die Zahnrauhung vorzugsweise ebenfalls über die ganze Skibreite, wobei jedoch zweckmässig die Führungsrille in der Mitte des Ski glatt bleibt.The load-bearing length of the ski, ie practically the entire length with the exception of the shovel, can be covered with the tooth roughening according to the invention. It is best if the entire length of the ski is roughened. However, smaller interruptions in the roughening can also be provided. The roughened area can also be shortened at the ends of the load-bearing ski length. In the lateral direction, the tooth roughening preferably also extends over the entire width of the ski, but the guide groove in the middle of the ski expediently remains smooth.

Wesentlich ist bei der Erfindung schliesslich, dass die ganze Schicht der Zähne eine geschlossene, dem Nachvornegleiten nur einen geringen Formwiderstand bietende Oberfläche bildet. Der niedrige Wert dieses geringen Reibungswiderstandes wird durch die unregelmässigen und gezackten Spitzen der Zähne mit erreicht, da diese wegen ihrer hohen Flexibilität sich leicht in die Ebene der Belagoberfläche legen, ohne beim Rückwärtsgleiten ein bremsendes Einspreizen der Zähne in den Schnee zu verhindern.Finally, it is essential in the invention that the entire layer of the teeth forms a closed surface which offers only a slight form resistance when sliding forward. The low value of this low frictional resistance is also achieved by the irregular and jagged tips of the teeth, because due to their high flexibility they lie easily in the plane of the surface of the surface without preventing the teeth from slowing down in the snow when sliding backwards.

Der Ski nach der Erfindung kommt insbesondere bei hohen Temperaturen ohne Wachsen aus. Für Temperaturen unter 273 K (0°) kann vorteilhaft mit Flüssigwachs auf Paraffinbasis gewachst werden. Dadurch werden Aneisungen und Schneestollenbildung verhindert und gleichzeitig die Gleiteigenschaften verbessert, ohne dass die Steigeigenschaften beeinträchtigt werden. Insbesondere bei Temperaturen um oder über 273 K (0°) ist ein solches Wachsen in der Regel jedoch nicht notwendig.The ski according to the invention manages in particular without waxing at high temperatures. For temperatures below 273 K (0 °) it is advantageous to wax with liquid wax based on paraffin. This prevents ice build-up and the formation of snow tunnels and at the same time improves the sliding properties without impairing the climbing properties. However, such growth is generally not necessary, especially at temperatures around or above 273 K (0 °).

Die Grösse der Zähne ist bei der Erfindung sehr gering. Wenn auch die Schichtdicke der von den Zähnen gebildeten Rauhschicht im ganzen Bereich der Grössenordnung von 10-' mm liegen kann, so wird es bevorzugt, dass diese Schichtdikke zwischen 0,06 mm und 0,1 mm liegt. Die besten Erfahrungen wurden bisher mit einer Schichtdicke von etwa 0,08 mm gemacht.The size of the teeth is very small in the invention. Although the layer thickness of the rough layer formed by the teeth can be in the entire range of the order of magnitude of 10 mm, it is preferred that this layer thickness be between 0.06 mm and 0.1 mm. The best experience so far has been made with a layer thickness of approximately 0.08 mm.

Die Zähne sollen also dicht genug angeordnet sein, um ein Gleiten des Ski auf dem Oberflächenbereich zwischen den einzelnen Zähnen, bei welchen dann jeder Zahn durch den Schnee pflügen müsste, zu vermeiden. Vorzugsweise sind die Zähne so dicht angeordnet, dass sie wie die Haare eines glatten Pelzes oder die Schuppen eines Fisches einander überlappen und die Laufsohle bedecken. Nachdem sie aus dem gleichen Material wie die Laufsohle, nämlich Polyäthylen (nachfolgend kurz als PE bezeichnet), sind, haben sie die guten Gleiteigenschaften dieses Materials und behindern so beim Vorwärtsgleiten dieses kaum mehr als eine glatte PE-Laufsohlenoberfläche. In diesem Zusammenhang ist darauf hinzuweisen, dass die Werkstoffangabe PE auch äquivalente Kunststoffe mit gleichen Gleiteigenschaften umfassen soll. Diese sollten allerdings der leichten Verarbeitbarkeit wegen ebenfalls thermoplastisch sein. Zur Zeit stellt jedoch Polyäthylen, wie es heute allgemein als Skilaufsohle verwendet wird, den richtigen Werkstoff auch für die Laufsohle bei der Erfindung dar.The teeth should therefore be arranged close enough to prevent the ski from sliding on the surface area between the individual teeth, where each tooth would then have to plow through the snow. The teeth are preferably arranged so closely that they overlap one another like the hair of a smooth fur or the scales of a fish and cover the outsole. Since they are made of the same material as the outsole, namely polyethylene (hereinafter referred to as PE for short), they have the good sliding properties of this material and thus hardly interfere with the forward sliding of it more than a smooth PE outsole surface. In this context it should be noted that the material specification PE also includes equivalent plastics with the same sliding properties should grasp. However, these should also be thermoplastic because of the ease of processing. Currently, however, polyethylene, as is commonly used as a ski outsole, is the right material for the outsole in the invention.

Die Form der Zähne kann im einzelnen unterschiedlich sein. Bevorzugt ist sie so, dass die Zähne im Skilängsschnitt ein haifisch- oder wolfszahnähnliches Profil aufweisen. Diese Angabe bezieht sich nur auf die Grundform der Zähne. So sind natürlich Oberflächenungenauigkeiten oder etwa eine Gabelung eines Zahns und ähnliche Variationen zulässig. Die bei der Erfindung anzustrebende Zahnform lässt sich vielleicht am einfachsten als die von flachen Schneidezähnen und schlanken Reisszähnen beschreiben.The shape of the teeth can vary. It is preferred that the teeth have a shark or wolf tooth-like profile in the longitudinal section of the ski. This information only refers to the basic shape of the teeth. Of course, surface inaccuracies or a fork in a tooth and similar variations are permissible. The tooth shape to be aimed at in the invention is perhaps the easiest to describe as that of flat incisors and slender fangs.

Bei der Erfindung können die Zähne an ihren Spitzen oder freien Kanten zerfasert oder ausgezackt sein. Diese Ausbildung entsteht vielfach bei dem später zu erläuternden bevorzugten Verfahren zum Herstellen des Ski und stört nicht. Ein Teil der Fransen wird auch bereits kurz nach Beginn der Benutzung des Ski relativ schnell weggelaufen sein.In the invention, the teeth can be frayed or serrated at their tips or free edges. This training often arises in the preferred method for producing the ski to be explained later and does not interfere. Some of the fringes will have run away relatively quickly shortly after using the ski.

Nach der Abnutzung der Laufoberfläche durch intensiven Gebrauch und Überlaufen von im Schnee eingebetteten Erdoberflächenteilen kann die Lauffläche erneut mit der gewünschten Zahnung versehen werden.After wear of the tread due to intensive use and overflow of parts of the earth embedded in the snow, the tread can be provided with the desired serration again.

Die Länge der Vorsprünge sollte so gross sein, dass die Zähne sich beim Versuch, mit dem Ski rückwärts zu gleiten, in den Schnee einspreizen können. Sie darf auch nicht zu gross sein, da bei allzulanger Ausbildung der Zähne diese sich in unerwünschter Weise umbiegen können. Vorteilhaft ist die Länge der Zähne erheblich grösser als ihre grösste Dicke in Skilängsrichtung. Die Länge eines Zahns ist dabei gleich der Länge der Zahnmittellinie im Skilängsschnitt zwischen der Ebene, aus welcher sich das Feld der Zähne erhebt und der Spitze des Zahnes, wobei an der Spitze eventuell ansetzende Ausfransungen nicht mitgerechnet werden.The length of the protrusions should be so large that the teeth can spread into the snow when trying to slide backwards with the ski. It must also not be too large, since if the teeth are formed too long, they can bend in an undesirable manner. The length of the teeth is advantageously considerably greater than their greatest thickness in the longitudinal direction of the ski. The length of a tooth is equal to the length of the tooth center line in the longitudinal section of the ski between the plane from which the field of teeth rises and the tip of the tooth, with any fraying that may start at the tip not being included.

Die durchschnittliche Länge der Zähne liegt vorzugsweise etwa in dem Bereich von 0,08 bis 0,2 mm, wenngleich die Länge des einzelnen Zahnes von diesem Wert nicht unerheblich abweichen kann.The average length of the teeth is preferably approximately in the range from 0.08 to 0.2 mm, although the length of the individual tooth can deviate from this value not inconsiderably.

Die mittlere Neigung der Zähne zur Ebene der Skilauffläche liegt vorteilhaft bie etwa 20° bis 50°, wobei der untere Teil des angegebenen Bereichs bevorzugt wird. Die Neigung der Zahnspitzen kann dabei noch stärker sein. Je stärker die Neigung ist, um so geringer ist der Gleitwiderstand. Die Neigung der Zahnspitzen kann dabei fast bis 0° heruntergehen.The average inclination of the teeth to the level of the skiing surface is advantageously at approximately 20 ° to 50 °, the lower part of the specified range being preferred. The inclination of the tooth tips can be even stronger. The greater the inclination, the lower the sliding resistance. The inclination of the tooth tips can go down almost to 0 °.

Praktische Versuche haben besonders gute Gleit- und Steigeigenschaften der Laufsohle ergeben, wenn die Zähne der Laufsohle aus hochmolekularem Polyäthylen bestehen. Bevorzugt besteht die ganze Laufsohle aus diesem Material. Das Polyäthylen ist vorzugsweise ein gesintertes und/ oder gepresstes. Das Molekulargewicht des Poly- äthylens liegt vorteilhaft im Bereich von 1 x 106 bis 4 x 106, bevorzugt zwischen 2 x 106 und 3 x 106. Ein beeignetes PE wird beispielsweise von der Firma Höchst AG unter der Bezeichnung Hostalen GUR (geschütztes Warenzeichen) geliefert.Practical tests have shown particularly good sliding and climbing properties of the outsole if the teeth of the outsole are made of high-molecular polyethylene. The entire outsole is preferably made of this material. The polyethylene is preferably a sintered and / or pressed. The molecular weight of the polyethylene is advantageously in the range from 1 × 10 6 to 4 × 10 6 , preferably between 2 × 10 6 and 3 × 10 6 . A suitable PE is, for example, supplied by Höchst AG under the name Hostalen GUR (protected trademark).

Die Schichtdicke der Rauhung beträgt vorteilhaft etwa 0,03 bis 0,08 mm, besser 0,04 bis 0,07 mm. Ski mit einer Schichtdicke von 0,05 bis 0,06 mm haben sich bei Versuchen hervorragend bewährt.The layer thickness of the roughening is advantageously about 0.03 to 0.08 mm, better 0.04 to 0.07 mm. Skis with a layer thickness of 0.05 to 0.06 mm have proven themselves extremely well in tests.

Die Erfindung umfasst auch ein Verfahren zum Herstellen der Ski nach der Erfindung. Dieses Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Ski mit einer Polyäthylenlaufsohle, die zumindest auf einem Teil ihrer Oberfläche eine das Steigen erleichternde, das Gleiten nur wenig beeinträchtigende Rauhung aus feinenmit ihren freien Enden hin zum Skiende geneigten Zähnen aufweist, deren Schichtdicke etwa in der Grössenordnung von 0,1 mm liegt, geht aus von dem Rauhen der Lauffläche durch trockenes Schleifen mit einer groben Schleifscheibe derart, dass ein in bezug auf die Symmetrieebene des Ski symmetrisches Schliffbild entsteht. Es ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die aus hochmolekularem Polyäthylen (PE) hergestellte, vorzugsweise gesinterte Laufsohle mit einer ausreichend hohen Schleifleistung geschliffen wird, um an der geschliffen werdenden Oberfläche den Kristallitschmelzbereich zu erreichen. Ein derartiges Vorgehen erlaubt das Erreichen einer erfindungsgemäss gerauhten Luaffläche in ausserordentlich einfacher, wenig aufwendiger Weise. Mit Schleifleistung ist hier die pro Zeiteinheit und Flächeneinheit der geschliffenen Laufsohlenoberfläche in Form von Zerspanungsarbeit in Wärme umgesetzte Arbeit bezeichnet. Dadurch, dass hierbei der Kristallitschmelzbereich erreicht wird, wird - zumindest bei einem hochmolekularen Polyäthylen Schleifstruktur erreicht, wie dies beispielsweise bei dem Vorgehen nach der US-A-4 118 050 der Fall ist. Es wird vielmehr eine Vielzahl von feinen, abstehenden, im Prinzip schneide- bis reisszahnförmig ausgebildeten Vorsprüngen an der Oberfläche erzeugt. Das Erreichen des richtigen Temperaturbereiches lässt sich meistens daran erkennen, dass einzelne Zähne zu langen Fäden ausgezogen werden.The invention also includes a method of manufacturing the skis according to the invention. This process for producing a ski with a polyethylene outsole which has at least on part of its surface a roughening which is easy to climb and has little impairment in sliding, and which has fine free teeth inclined towards the end of the ski, the layer thickness of which is of the order of 0.1 mm is based on the roughening of the tread by dry grinding with a coarse grinding wheel in such a way that a grinding pattern which is symmetrical with respect to the plane of symmetry of the ski is produced. It is characterized in that the preferably sintered outsole made of high molecular weight polyethylene (PE) is ground with a sufficiently high grinding performance in order to reach the crystallite melting area on the surface being ground. Such a procedure allows a roughened surface to be roughened according to the invention to be reached in an extraordinarily simple and inexpensive manner. The grinding performance here means the work converted into heat per unit time and area unit of the ground outsole surface in the form of machining work. The fact that the crystallite melting range is reached means that, at least in the case of a high molecular weight polyethylene, an abrasive structure is achieved, as is the case, for example, with the procedure according to US Pat. No. 4,118,050. Rather, a large number of fine, protruding projections, which are in principle incisor-shaped to fangs-shaped, are produced on the surface. The correct temperature range can usually be recognized by the fact that individual teeth are pulled out into long threads.

Die pro Flächeneinheit der Skilaufsohle aufgenommene Schleifleistung ist in erster Linie abhängig von der Anpresskraft, mit welcher der Ski gegen den Schleifstein bzw. der Stein gegen den Ski gepresst wird, von der Schnittgeschwindigkeit des Steines und von der Vorschubgeschwindigkeit, mit welcher der Ski am Stein vorbeigeführt wird. Bei richtiger Verfahrensführung ist eine gesonderte Kühlung naturgemäss nicht erforderlich, da erst durch die beim erfindungsgemässen Verfahren auftretende, nicht unerhebliche Wärmeerzeugung die gewünschte spezielle Oberflächenstruktur geschaffen wird.The grinding power consumed per unit area of the ski sole is primarily dependent on the contact pressure with which the ski is pressed against the grindstone or the stone against the ski, the cutting speed of the stone and the feed speed at which the ski moves past the stone becomes. If the process is carried out correctly, separate cooling is naturally not necessary, since the desired special surface structure is created only by the not inconsiderable heat generation that occurs in the process according to the invention.

Bewährt hat es sich, wenn das Schleifen mit einem Druck der Schleifscheibe gegen die Laufsohlenoberfläche des Ski von 0,5 bis 7 bar erfolgt. Dieser Druck beträgt ein Vielfaches des bei dem Querschleifen etwa nach der US-A-4 118 050 verwendeten Druckes. Er errechnet sich unter der Annahme, dass die Schleifscheibe mit einem gewissen Teil ihres Umfangs auf dem Ski aufliegt. Dieser Teil des Umfangs ergibt sich wieder aus der Dicke der durch den Schleifvorgang in ein Zahnfeld aufzulösenden Polyäthylenschicht und dem Durchmesser der Schleifscheibe. Die Fläche, auf die die Anpresskraft zur Erzeugung des Drukkes wirkt, ist damit also die kreisbogenförmige, in Anlage an der Schleifscheibe befindliche Fläche zwischen der ebenen, noch nicht bearbeiteten Oberfläche der Laufsohle und der im Prinzip ebenfalls ebenen bereits bearbeiteten Fläche, aus welcher sich die nach dem Schleifvorgang stehenbleibenden Zähne erheben. Die erwähnte, kreisbogenförmig gewölbte, im Eingriff mit der Schleifscheibe befindliche Fläche ist dabei die theoretisch errechnete Fläche, da in der Praxis schon wegen der Rauhigkeit der Schleifscheibe und der Ungenauigkeit anderer wesentlicher Faktoren eine exakte Druckbestimmung nicht möglich ist. Bevorzugt erfolgt das Schleifen in zwei Stufen. Dabei folgt auf einen ersten Schliff mit einem Andruck von 5,5 bis 7 bar ein zweiter Schliff mit einem Andruck von 0,7 bis 0,8 bar.It has proven useful if the grinding is carried out with a pressure of the grinding wheel against the outsole surface of the ski of 0.5 to 7 bar. This pressure is a multiple of the pressure used in cross-grinding, for example according to US-A-4 118 050. It is calculated under the Assumption that the grinding wheel lies on the ski with a certain part of its circumference. This part of the circumference again results from the thickness of the polyethylene layer to be broken down into a tooth field by the grinding process and the diameter of the grinding wheel. The surface on which the contact pressure for generating the pressure acts is therefore the arcuate surface, which is in contact with the grinding wheel, between the flat, not yet machined surface of the outsole and the, in principle, also already machined surface from which the surface is made Raise teeth after the grinding process. The surface, which is curved in the form of a circular arc and is in engagement with the grinding wheel, is the theoretically calculated surface, since in practice an exact pressure determination is not possible because of the roughness of the grinding wheel and the inaccuracy of other essential factors. Grinding is preferably carried out in two stages. A first sanding with a pressure of 5.5 to 7 bar is followed by a second sanding with a pressure of 0.7 to 0.8 bar.

In der Praxis hat man gute Ergebnisse erzielt mit einer Schleifscheibe der Körnung 30 von mittlerer bis grosser Porosität und mittlerer Härte, die gegen einen Langlaufski mittlerer Breite, die etwa 5 cm beträgt, mit einer Kraft von 30 bis 250 N, besser 50 bis 200 N, angedrückt wurde. Der Scheibendurchmesser betrug dabei 350 mm. Bei dem ersten Schliff betrug die Kraft etwa 200 N und beim zweiten etwa 50 N. Bewährt hat sich ferner das Schleifen mit einer Schnittgeschwindigkeit von 300 bis 2000 m/min. Gute Ergebnisse wurden mit Schnittgeschwindigkeiten von etwa 450 bis 1600 m/min. erreicht. Der Vorschub des Ski erfolgt zweckmässig mit einer Geschwindigkeit von 1 bis 4 m/min. Hier wurden gute Ergebnisse mit einem Vorschub im Bereich von etwa 2 m/min. erreicht.In practice, good results have been achieved with a grinding wheel of grain size 30 of medium to large porosity and medium hardness, which with a force of 30 to 250 N, better 50 to 200 N, against a cross-country ski of medium width, which is approximately 5 cm was pressed. The disc diameter was 350 mm. The force for the first grinding was approximately 200 N and for the second approximately 50 N. Grinding at a cutting speed of 300 to 2000 m / min has also proven effective. Good results were achieved with cutting speeds of around 450 to 1600 m / min. reached. The ski is expediently fed at a speed of 1 to 4 m / min. Here good results were obtained with a feed in the range of about 2 m / min. reached.

Vorteilhaft erfolgt das Schleifen in Skilängsrichtung. Es kann jedoch in manchen Fällen auch vorteilhaft sein, wenn das Schlaifen in einer Richtung erfolgt, die im spitzen Winkel zur Skilängsrichtung steht. Dabei sollte der spitze Winkel recht spitz sein, also zweckmässig erheblich weniger als 45° betragen. Da der Schliff immer symmetrisch in bezug auf die Symmetrieebene des Ski verlaufen sollte, um eine seitliche Verschiebetendenz zu vermeiden, wird das Schliffbild beim Schleifen im Winkel zur Skilängsrichtung immer ein V-Profil haben müssen. Das lässt sich erreichen, indem beide Skihälften jeweils mit einer gesonderten, um eine in einem entsprechenden Winkel zur Skilängsrichtung und Skivorschubrichtung. verlaufende Achse rotierenden Schleifscheibe geschliffen werden.Grinding is advantageously carried out in the longitudinal direction of the ski. However, in some cases it can also be advantageous if the grinding takes place in a direction which is at an acute angle to the longitudinal direction of the ski. The acute angle should be quite acute, meaning that it should be considerably less than 45 °. Since the grinding should always be symmetrical with respect to the plane of symmetry of the ski in order to avoid a tendency to shift laterally, the grinding pattern will always have to have a V-profile when grinding at an angle to the longitudinal direction of the ski. This can be achieved by both ski halves with a separate one at a corresponding angle to the ski's longitudinal direction and ski advance direction. running axis rotating grinding wheel to be ground.

Versuche haben gezeigt, dass das Schleifen am besten nach dem Prinzip des Gegenlauffräsens erfolgt, also so, dass die Relativbewegung der einzelnen Schleifkörner der Scheibe zur Skioberfläche, solange sich die Schleifkörner im Eingriff mit dem Werkstoff der Skioberfläche befinden, von der durch Schleifen erzeugten Oberfläche zu der noch nicht geschliffenen Oberfläche hin verläuft.Tests have shown that grinding is best carried out according to the principle of reverse milling, i.e. in such a way that the relative movement of the individual abrasive grains of the disc to the ski surface, as long as the abrasive grains are in engagement with the material of the ski surface, from the surface produced by grinding the surface that has not yet been ground.

Das Schleifen erfolgt zweckmässig, wie dies auch im Hinblick auf dei gewünschte Zahnstruktur naheliegend ist, von der Skispitze zum Skiende hin. Überraschenderweise hat es sich gezeigt, dass die gewünschte Struktur bei einem derartigen Schleifen nur dann auftritt, wenn die Schnittgeschwindigkeit etwa 800 m/min. oder weniger beträgt. Beträgt die Schnittgeschwindigkeit etwa 850 m/min. oder mehr, so muss das Schleifen vom Skiende zur Skispitze hin erfolgen. Dieses überraschend notwendige Umkehren der Vorschubrichtung tritt jedenfalls bei den oben angegebenen Arbeitsbereichen in bezug auf Andruck, Umfangsgeschwindigkeit und Vorschub auf.The grinding is expediently carried out, as is also obvious with regard to the desired tooth structure, from the tip of the ski to the end of the ski. Surprisingly, it has been shown that the desired structure occurs with such a grinding only when the cutting speed is about 800 m / min. or less. The cutting speed is about 850 m / min. or more, the grinding must take place from the end of the ski to the tip of the ski. This surprisingly necessary reversal of the feed direction occurs in any case in the above-mentioned working areas with regard to pressure, peripheral speed and feed.

Das Schleifen erfolgt zweckmässig mittels einer keramisch gebundenen Scheibe von mittlerer bis grosser Porosität, also mit offenem Gefüge, da hierbei die Gefahr eines Verschmierens der Scheibe am geringsten ist. Beim Arbeiten mit verschmierter Scheibe wird die erfindungsgemäss angestrebte Oberflächenstruktur nicht erreicht.The grinding is expediently carried out using a ceramic-bonded disk of medium to large porosity, that is to say with an open structure, since the risk of smearing the disk is the least. When working with a smeared pane, the surface structure sought according to the invention is not achieved.

Versuche haben gezeigt, das das Schleifen am besten mittels einer Scheibe der Körnung 20 bis 40, besser der Körnung 30 (DIN 69100) erfolgt.Experiments have shown that grinding is best carried out using a disc with a grain size of 20 to 40, better with a grain size of 30 (DIN 69100).

Ferner hat die Praxis ergeben, dass nach dem groben Trockenschleifen ein leichtes Überschleifen in Skilängsrichtung von der Skispitze zum Skiende hin - am besten von Hand - vorteilhaft ist. Das erleichtert das Gleiten des Ski beim Gleiten nach vorne von Anfang an.In addition, practice has shown that after rough coarse sanding, slight sanding in the longitudinal direction from the tip of the ski to the end of the ski - preferably by hand - is advantageous. This makes it easier to slide the ski when sliding forward from the start.

Von besonderer Bedeutung ist dieses Überschleifen, wenn beim Trockenschleifen mit einer Schnittgeschwindigkeit in dem Bereich von etwa 800 bis 900 m/min. gearbeitet wird, da in diesem Bereich die gewünschte Orientierung der Zahnneigung nach hinten nicht immer in ausreichendem Masse erreicht wird.This regrinding is of particular importance if during dry grinding with a cutting speed in the range of approximately 800 to 900 m / min. is worked because in this area the desired orientation of the tooth inclination to the rear is not always achieved to a sufficient extent.

Auch in bezug auf das Schleifverfahren hat es sich bewährt, dass das hochmolekulare Polyäthylen ein Molekulargewicht von 1 x 106 bis 4 x 106, besser von 2 x 106 bis 3 x 106 hat.With regard to the grinding process, too, it has proven useful that the high molecular weight polyethylene has a molecular weight of 1 x 10 6 to 4 x 10 6 , better of 2 x 10 6 to 3 x 10 6 .

Wenn auch der Ski nach der Erfindung vorzugsweise ein sogenannter Langlaufski ist, so ist die Laufsohlenausbildung nach der Erfindung auch für Alpinski geeignet. Insbesondere für lernende oder ältere Skifahrer ist die vielfach gar nicht spürbare Verringerung der Geschwindigkeit beim Abfahren nicht störend, während die beträchtliche Erleichterung des Steigens als grosser Vorteil empfunden wird.Even if the ski according to the invention is preferably a so-called cross-country ski, the outsole design according to the invention is also suitable for alpine skiing. Especially for learners or older skiers, the often not noticeable reduction in speed when skiing downhill is not disturbing, while the considerable ease of climbing is perceived as a great advantage.

Die Überlegenheit eines gemäss der Erfindung ausgebildeten Ski in bezug auf Gleit- und Abstosseigenschaften zeigt sich besonders bei Schnee im Bereich von 273 K und darüber, während bei tieferen Temperaturen von etwa 265 K oder weniger Aneisungen an der Laufsohle auftreten können. Diese lassen sich jedoch auch bei solchen Temperaturen leicht durch ein Auftragen von flüssigem Paraffinwachs auf die Laufsohle beseitigen. Bei nassem Schnee ist der Ski nach der Erfindung sogar gut gewachsten Ski überlegen.The superiority of a ski designed according to the invention with regard to sliding and repelling properties is particularly evident in snow in the range of 273 K and above, while at lower temperatures of about 265 K or less, icing on the outsole can occur. However, even at such temperatures, these can be easily removed by applying liquid paraffin wax to the outsole. In wet snow, the ski is even superior to waxed skis according to the invention.

Nachfolgend ist die Erfindung anhand des in der schematischen Zeichnung gezeigten bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert.

  • Fig. 1 zeigt den Ski nach der Erfindung von der
  • Seite, wobei die spezielle Ausbildung der Laufsohle durch feine Striche an der Skiunterseite angedeutet ist,
  • Fig. 2 zeigt in stark vergrössertem Massstab, der bei Fig. 2 auch angegeben ist, einen Vertikalschnitt in Skilängsrichtung durch den unteren Teil der Polyäthylenlaufsohle des Ski nach Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 zeigt etwa im gleichen Massstab wie Fig. 2 die Ansicht von unten auf ein kleines Stück der Laufsohle des Ski gemäss Fig. 1 und 2.
The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of the preferred exemplary embodiment shown in the schematic drawing.
  • Fig. 1 shows the ski according to the invention of the
  • Side, the special design of the outsole being indicated by fine lines on the underside of the ski,
  • FIG. 2 shows, on a greatly enlarged scale, which is also indicated in FIG. 2, a vertical section in the longitudinal direction of the ski through the lower part of the polyethylene outsole of the ski according to FIG. 1;
  • 3 shows approximately the same scale as FIG. 2, the view from below of a small piece of the outsole of the ski according to FIGS. 1 and 2.

Der in Fig. 1 gezeigte Langlaufski 1 besitzt eine Laufsohle 2 aus hochmolekularem Polyäthylen mit einem Molekulargewicht von etwa 2 x 106.The cross-country ski 1 shown in FIG. 1 has an outsole 2 made of high-molecular polyethylene with a molecular weight of approximately 2 × 10 6 .

Die Oberfläche der Laufsohle 2, mit welcher letztere über den Schnee gleitet, ist durch Schleifen mit einer Vielzahl von mit ihrem freien Ende dem Skiende zugeneigten Zähnen 3 versehen, die einander, wie aus Fig. ersichtlich, überlappen und unregelmässig angeordnet sind. Die Zähne können spitz nach Art von Wolfszähnen oder Reisszähnen ausgebildet sein, wie z. B. der Zahn 3a. Sie können aber auch mit einer zumeist gezackt verlaufenden Schneide versehen sein, wie z.B. der Zahn 3b. Auch Zwischenformen können vorkommen, wie z.B. beim Zahn 3c. Die Zähne können an ihren Spitzen oder Schneiden gelegentlich leichte Fransen 4 tragen, die beim Schleifen entstehen, und in Fig. angedeutet sind. In Fig. sind die Fransen nicht gezeichnet, um die Zahnform besser zeigen zu können.The surface of the outsole 2, with which the latter glides over the snow, is provided by grinding with a plurality of teeth 3 inclined with its free end towards the ski end, which, as can be seen in FIG. 1, overlap and are arranged irregularly. The teeth can be pointed in the manner of wolf teeth or fangs, such as. B. tooth 3a. However, they can also be provided with a mostly serrated edge, e.g. tooth 3b. Intermediate forms can also occur, such as for tooth 3c. The teeth can occasionally wear light fringes 4 at their tips or cutting edges, which arise during grinding and are indicated in FIG. In Fig. The fringes are not drawn in order to better show the tooth shape.

Die Darstellung der Zähne auf der Lauffläche der Laufsohle 2 in Fig. 2 und 3 ist naturgemäss stark vereinfacht. So werden z. B. die Abstände der in einer geraden Schnittebene, wie sie in Fig. 2 gezeigt ist, in Skilängsrichtung aufeinanderfolgenden Zähne weniger regelmässig sein als dort angedeutet.The representation of the teeth on the tread of the outsole 2 in FIGS. 2 and 3 is naturally greatly simplified. So z. B. the distances of the teeth in a longitudinal section in a straight sectional plane, as shown in FIG. 2, in the longitudinal direction of the ski be less regular than indicated there.

Man erkennt jedoch in Fig. 2, dass durch die starke Zurückneigung der einzelnen Zähne, die wegen ihrer sehr kleinen Dimension biegsam sind und sich leicht an die Schneeoberfläche anschmiegen, beim Vorwärtsgleiten nur einen sehr geringen Reibungswiderstand haben. Ist der Ski beim Abstoss oder Steigen bestrebt, sich zurückzubewegen, so spreizen sich die Zähne 3, die in einem gewissen Umfang aufgerichtet werden, in die Schneeoberfläche ein.However, it can be seen in FIG. 2 that due to the strong inclination of the individual teeth, which are flexible due to their very small dimensions and which nestle easily against the snow surface, they have very little frictional resistance when sliding forward. If the ski strives to move back when pushing or climbing, the teeth 3, which are erected to a certain extent, spread into the snow surface.

Die Herstellung des Ski gemäss Fig. 1 bis 3 geschieht wie folgt:The manufacture of the ski according to FIGS. 1 to 3 is done as follows:

Der Ski wird zunächst in üblicher Weise hergestellt und mit der Laufsohle aus dem hochmolekularen Polyäthylen - normalerweise ein Niederdruckpolyäthylen - versehen. Nach der Fertigbearbeitung der Skioberfläche und der Skiflanken wird der Ski zunächst zweimal nacheinander mittels einer Schleifscheibe der Körnung 30 aus Normal- oder Halbedel-Korund geschliffen. Die Schleifscheibe besitzt eine mittlere bis grosse Porosität und ist keramisch gebunden. Sie ist mit einem scharfen (noch nicht abgenutzten) nur eine Spitze aufweisenden Diamanten abgerichtet, der dabei mit einer Geschwindigkeit von etwa 320 bis 330 mm pro Minute an der abzurichtenden Oberfläche der rotierenden Schleifscheibe vorbeigeführt wurde. Die Schleifscheibe ist breiter als die grösste Breite des Ski. Der Ski ist von üblicher Breite. Die Schleifscheibe läuft mit einer Drehzahl im Bereich von 500 bis 800 Umdrehungen pro Minute und hat einen Durchmesser von 350 mm. Der Ski wird mit der Spitze voran an der Schleifscheibe vorbeigeschoben, wobei die Oberfläche seiner Laufsohle beim ersten Schliff mit einer Kraft von etwa 200 N gegen die Umfangsfläche der Schleifscheibe gedrückt wird und beim zweiten Schliff mit einer Kraft von etwa 50 N. Der Drehsinn der Schleifscheibe ist dabei ein solcher,-dass die mit der Laufsohle im Eingriff befindlichen Oberflächenbereiche der Schleifscheibe sich relativ zum Ski mit einer entsprechend grossen Geschwindigkeit in Richtung zum Skiende hin bewegen. Erfolgt das Schleifen vom Skiende zur Skispitze hin, so beträgt die Drehzahl bei gleichem Scheibendurchmesser vorteilhaft 850 Upm oder mehr. Ändert man den Scheibendurchmesser, so muss die Drehzahl entsprechend angepasst werden. Das Schleifen erfolgt bei beiden Schleifvorgängen vollständig trocken. Die Laufsohlenoberfläche wird dabei auf eine Tiefe von etwa 0,08 mm aufgerauht und es entsteht die aus Fig. 2 und 3 ersichtliche Zahnung einschliesslich der in Fig. 2 angedeuteten, von den Zahnschneiden bzw. -spitzen und zum Teil auch von den Zahnflanken abragenden Fransen 4. Die Oberflächenzahnung hat allerdings noch nicht die strenge, in Fig. und 3 gezeigte Struktur. Sie ist vielmehr noch unregelmässiger als diese. Um die Neigung aller durch das Trockenschleifen erzeugten Zähne zum Skiende hin in einem verhältnismässig gleichmässigen Mass zu bewirken, erfolgt nun ein dritter Schleifvorgang von Hand mit geringem Andruck und einem Schleifpapier mit einer Körnung in der Grössenordnung von 200. Dem kann sich gegebenenfalls ein Auftrag von Flüssigwachs auf Paraffinbasis anschliessen.The ski is first manufactured in the usual way and provided with the outsole made of high-molecular polyethylene - usually a low-pressure polyethylene. After finishing the ski surface and the ski flanks, the ski is first ground twice in succession using a grinding wheel of grain 30 made of normal or semi-precious corundum. The grinding wheel has a medium to large porosity and is ceramic-bonded. It is trimmed with a sharp (not yet worn) diamond with only one tip, which was guided past the surface of the rotating grinding wheel to be dressed at a speed of approximately 320 to 330 mm per minute. The grinding wheel is wider than the greatest width of the ski. The ski is of common width. The grinding wheel runs at a speed in the range of 500 to 800 revolutions per minute and has a diameter of 350 mm. The tip of the ski is pushed past the grinding wheel, the surface of its outsole being pressed against the circumferential surface of the grinding wheel with a force of approximately 200 N during the first grinding and with a force of approximately 50 N during the second grinding is one such that the surface areas of the grinding wheel which are in engagement with the outsole move relative to the ski at a correspondingly high speed in the direction of the end of the ski. If grinding takes place from the end of the ski to the tip of the ski, the speed is advantageously 850 rpm or more with the same wheel diameter. If you change the disc diameter, the speed must be adjusted accordingly. Grinding is completely dry in both grinding processes. The outsole surface is roughened to a depth of approximately 0.08 mm and the toothing shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 is formed, including the fringes indicated in FIG. 2 and projecting from the tooth cutting edges or tips and partly also from the tooth flanks 4. However, the surface toothing does not yet have the strict structure shown in FIGS. 3 and 3. Rather, it is even more irregular than this. In order to cause the inclination of all the teeth produced by the dry grinding towards the end of the ski to a relatively uniform extent, a third grinding process is now carried out by hand with slight pressure and an abrasive paper with a grain size in the order of 200. This can possibly be done by applying liquid wax Connect on a paraffin base.

Der Nachschliff erhöht die Schnelligkeit des Ski beim Gleiten nach vorn erheblich, ohne dass hierdurch die Bremswirkung beim Abstossen verringert wird, und macht ein Einlaufen (Verbesserung der Gleiteigenschaften durch Benutzung) überflüssig.Regrinding significantly increases the speed of the ski when gliding forward without reducing the braking effect when pushing off, and makes running-in (improving the sliding properties through use) unnecessary.

Wenn auch die erfindungsgemässe Oberflächenstruktur der Laufsohle vorzugsweise auf der ganzen Laufsohle mit Ausnahme der Führungsrille (sofern eine solche vorhanden ist) angebracht ist, so besteht auch die Möglichkeit, beispielsweise vorne etwas mehr als den Spitzenbereich und hinten auch ein kurzes Stück der Skilänge glatt zu lassen. Der Skifahrer hat auch die Möglichkeit, die Zahnstruktur durch Einbügeln von Paraffin an gewünschten Stellen zuzuwachsen und so die Gleit-und Steigeigenschaften des Ski den speziellen Gegebenheiten anzupassen.If the surface structure of the outsole according to the invention is preferably applied to the entire outsole with the exception of the guide groove (if there is one), there is also the possibility, for example, of leaving a little bit more of the ski area smooth than the tip area at the front and a short part at the back . The skier also has the option of waxing the tooth structure by ironing in paraffin at desired locations and thus adapting the sliding and climbing properties of the ski to the specific circumstances.

Claims (29)

1. A ski having a running sole (2) which consists of polyethylene or equivalent thermoplastic plastics materials with equal sliding properties and which comprises a roughening formed from fine projections (3) which facilitates climbing and only impairs sliding slightly and which extends at least over the central portion of the length of the ski to within the vicinity of the tip region and of the rear end of the'ski and the thickness of the layer of which is in the order of magnitude of 10-1 mm, the projections (3) of the roughening formed from the above-mentioned material of the running surface being inclined towards the rear end of the ski over their whole height, characterised in that the projections (3) of the roughening are elongated teeth in the form of tearing or cutting teeth and that the teeth are arranged in a density of 1,000 to 4,000 teeth per cm 2.
2. A ski according to Claim 1, characterised in that the roughening extends without interruption over the whole load-bearing length of the ski (1).
3. A ski according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the teeth (3) are reduced to fibres or frayed (4) at their tips or cutting edges.
4. A ski according to one of the Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the length of the teeth (3) is considerably greater than their maximum thickness in the longitudinal direction of the ski.
5. A ski according to one of the Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the average length of the teeth (3) is in the range from 0.08 to 0.15 mm.
6. A ski according to one of the Claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the mean inclination of the teeth (3) to the plane of the ski running surface amounts to 20° to 50°.
7. A ski according to one of the Claims 1 to 6, characterised in that at least the surface of the running sole carrying the teeth (3), preferably the whole running sole, consists of high-molekular polyethylene (PE).
8. A ski according to Claim 7, characterised in that the PE is sintered and/or pressed.
9. A ski according to Claim 7 or 8, characterised in that the molecular weight of the PE lies in the range from 1 x 106 to 4 x 106.
10. A ski according to Claim 9, characterised in that the molecular weight lies in the range from 2 x 106 to 3 x 106.
11. A ski according to one of the Claims 1 to 10, characterised in that the thickness of the layer of roughening amounts to 0.03 to 0.08 mm, preferably 0,04 to 0,07 mm.
12. A ski according to one of the Claims 1 to 11, characterised in that the teeth (3) cover the whole width of the running surface.
13. A method of producing a ski (1) having a polyethylene running sole (2) which comprises, over at least a portion of its surface, a roughening of fine projections which facilitates climbing and only slightly impairs sliding and the thickness of the layer of which is in the order of magnitude of 0.1 mm, the projections of the roughening being inclined with their free ends towards the end of the ski, particularly according to one of the Claims 1 to 12, the running surface (2) being roughened by dry grinding with a coarse grinding wheel in such a manner that a grinding finish results which is symmetrical with respect to the plane of symmetry of the ski, characterised in that the running sole (2), which is produced from high-molecular polyethylene - preferably sintered and/or pressed - is ground with a sufficiently high grinding efficiency to reach the crystallite melting range at the surface being ground.
14. A method according to Claim 13, characterised in that the grinding is effected with a pressure of the grinding wheel against the running surface of 0.5 to 7 bar.
15. A method according to Claim 14, characterised in that a first grinding is effected with 5.5 to 7 bar and then a second grinding with 0.7 to 0.8 bar.
16. A method according to Claims 13, 14 or 15, characterised in that the grinding is effected with a cutting speed of 300 to 2000 m/min, preferably 450 to 1600 m/min.
17. A method according to one of the Claims 13 to 16, characterised in that the feed of the ski is effected at a speed of 1 to 4 m/min.
18. A method according to one of the Claims 13 to 17, characterised in that the grinding-wheel pressure, the cutting speed and the feed are adapted to one another so that a stock removal of 0.05 to 0.1 mm is effected between the microteeth left standing during the grinding.
19. A method according to one of the Claims 13 to 18, characterised in that the grinding is effected in a direction which is at an acute angle to the longitudinal direction of the ski.
20. A method according to Claim 19, characterised in that the acute angle is less than 45°.
21. A method according to one of the Claims 13 bo 18, characterised in that the grinding is effected in the longitudinal direction of the ski.
22. A method according to one of the Claims 19 to 21, characterised in that the grinding is effected on the principle of up-cut milling.
23. A method according to one of the Claims 19 to 22, characterised in that the grinding is effected from the ski tip to the ski end with a cutting speed of about 800 m/min or less.
24. A method according to one of the Claims 19 to 22, characterised in that the grinding is effected from the ski end to the ski tip with a cutting speed of about 850 m/min.
25. A method according to one of the Claims 13 to 24, characterised in that the grinding is effected with a vitrified bonded wheel of average porosity.
26. A method according to one of the Claims 13 to 25, characterised in that the grinding is effected by means of a standard or semispecial fused alumina wheel with a grain size of 20 to 40, preferably 30 (DIN 69100).
27. A method according to one of the Claims 13 to 26, characterised in that a polyethylene (PE) with a molecular weight of 1 x 106 to 4 x 106 is used.
28. A method according to Claim 27, characterised in that a PE with a molecular weight of 2 x 106 to 3 x 10" is used.
EP81100374A 1980-02-12 1981-01-19 Ski with a roughened polyethylene running sole Expired EP0033864B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT81100374T ATE12588T1 (en) 1980-02-12 1981-01-19 SKI WITH POLYAETHYLENE OUTSOLE WITH RUBBER.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3005171 1980-02-12
DE3005171A DE3005171C2 (en) 1980-02-12 1980-02-12 Skiing surface training with a low-pressure polyethylene outsole exhibiting a roughening

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0033864A1 EP0033864A1 (en) 1981-08-19
EP0033864B1 true EP0033864B1 (en) 1985-04-10

Family

ID=6094401

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81100374A Expired EP0033864B1 (en) 1980-02-12 1981-01-19 Ski with a roughened polyethylene running sole

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US4431209A (en)
EP (1) EP0033864B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS56156177A (en)
AT (1) ATE12588T1 (en)
CA (1) CA1164904A (en)
DE (2) DE3005171C2 (en)
NO (1) NO149988C (en)

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DE3005171C2 (en) * 1980-02-12 1986-07-24 Franz Völkl oHG, 8440 Straubing Skiing surface training with a low-pressure polyethylene outsole exhibiting a roughening
IT1157251B (en) * 1982-01-13 1987-02-11 Attilio Pronzati SHEET PRODUCED FOR MOLDING OF A MIXTURE OF ACETALIC RESIN AND FLUOROCARBONIC RESIN, SUITABLE FOR CONSTITUTING A TREAD SURFACE SUCH AS A SKI SLAB, PROCEDURE FOR PRODUCTION AND FINISHED ITEM THAT INCLUDES IT
EP0086939A3 (en) * 1982-02-19 1984-04-11 Karhu-Titan Oy Coating material and coating for a ski for varying snow conditions, and method of making the same
AT385669B (en) * 1982-12-23 1988-05-10 Trak Inc PLASTIC RUNNING FOR SKIS
FR2587904B1 (en) * 1985-09-30 1988-03-11 Rossignol Sa MULTI-PURPOSE ANTI-THEKLE SOLE FOR CROSS-COUNTRY SKIING
FR2806316B1 (en) * 2000-03-16 2002-10-25 Rossignol Sa SLIDING BOARD HAVING A STRUCTURED SOLE AND METHOD FOR MACHINING SUCH A SOLE
US9290898B2 (en) 2012-02-20 2016-03-22 Ironhawk Industrial Distribution LLC Plow blade damping device and method
AT514124A1 (en) * 2013-03-22 2014-10-15 Fischer Sports Gmbh Climbing aid for a ski and manufacturing process
US10400404B2 (en) 2016-01-27 2019-09-03 Ironhawk Industrial Distribution LLC Wear-resistant coating
WO2020061074A1 (en) 2018-09-18 2020-03-26 Daniell Stephen S Thrust-responsive surface material for skis
USD921702S1 (en) 2019-10-10 2021-06-08 Ironhawk Industrial Distribution, LLC Curb guard
USD926230S1 (en) 2019-10-10 2021-07-27 Ironhawk Industrial Distribution LLC Curb guard

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AT350945B (en) * 1974-01-31 1979-06-25 Kaestle Schweiz Ag INSERT STRIPS FOR SKI AREA
DE2927756A1 (en) * 1978-07-20 1980-01-31 Fischer Gmbh METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING A PROFILED SURFACE OF AN EXTENDED EQUIPMENT AND SKI PRODUCED THEREOF
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CH182983A (en) * 1935-09-24 1936-03-15 Rene Mayus Marcel Ski.
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DE2543712A1 (en) * 1975-10-01 1977-04-14 Merx Euro Sport CROSS-COUNTRY SKI
US4118050A (en) * 1976-03-12 1978-10-03 Franz Volkl Ohg Ski having a three-dimensional running surface
DE2732091A1 (en) * 1977-07-15 1979-02-01 Martin Dipl Ing Mueller Ski with retractable area of rough surface - can be adjusted to suit climbing or for downhill skiing via lever attached by link to spring plate
AT355467B (en) * 1977-09-26 1980-03-10 Kuntara Wilhelm Dr SKIING, ESPECIALLY CROSS-COUNTRY OR LOIPENSKI
AT363017B (en) * 1977-12-02 1981-07-10 Trak Inc SKIING AREA
DE2927756A1 (en) * 1978-07-20 1980-01-31 Fischer Gmbh METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING A PROFILED SURFACE OF AN EXTENDED EQUIPMENT AND SKI PRODUCED THEREOF
DE2934309A1 (en) * 1978-09-12 1980-03-27 Kuusiston Suksi Ky SKI, ESPECIALLY AREA OR HIKING SKI
DE7924149U1 (en) * 1978-09-12 1980-08-14 Kuusiston Suksi Ky, Salpakangas (Finnland) Skis, especially off-road and hiking skis
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS56156177A (en) 1981-12-02
ATE12588T1 (en) 1985-04-15
NO149988B (en) 1984-04-24
NO149988C (en) 1984-08-01
US4431209A (en) 1984-02-14
DE3005171C2 (en) 1986-07-24
DE3169773D1 (en) 1985-05-15
EP0033864A1 (en) 1981-08-19
NO810467L (en) 1981-08-13
DE3005171A1 (en) 1981-08-20
CA1164904A (en) 1984-04-03

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